L3 unit 10

UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Unit 10: Sociological Perspectives

Level: 3
Unit type: Internal
Guided learning hours: 60

Unit in brief

Learners study the application of sociological approaches to health and social care, and explore
social inequalities, demographic change, and patterns and trends in social groups.

Unit introduction

Sociology will lead you to question many of the attitudes you hold and the assumptions you make
about society and individuals who have care and support needs. To work effectively in health and
social care you need to be familiar with sociologists' research findings, and be able to apply a
sociological understanding to your practice.
You will gain an understanding of the different sociological perspectives and concepts, and consider
how these can be applied to health and social care. You will examine what is meant by health, and
how the definitions and models used by health and social care professionals affect people. By
examining inequalities in society, you will be better equipped to understand and support people
who come from different social groups. You will explore recent changes in health and social care.
These activities will help you gain the skills necessary for progression to higher education in many
subject areas, including social work, health and social care and nursing.

Learning aims

In this unit you will:
A Understand how sociological concepts and perspectives are applied to the study of

health and social care
B Examine how sociological approaches support understanding of models and

concepts of health
C Examine how social inequalities, demographic change, and patterns and trends

affect health and social care delivery.

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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Summary of unit

Learning aim Key content areas Recommended
assessment approach
A Understand how A1 Concepts and terminology
sociological concepts and used within sociology A report on the role of
perspectives are applied to sociological perspectives in the
the study of health and A2 The key sociological understanding of society, and
social care perspectives models and concepts of health
in relation to service provision
B Examine how sociological B1 The biomedical model of in a local health and social care
approaches support health and alternatives setting.
understanding of models
and concepts of health B2 The concepts of health, A report on the sociological
ill health and disability explanations for patterns and
C Examine how social trends of health and ill health
inequalities, demographic C1 Inequalities within society in different social groups.
change, and patterns and C2 Demographic change and This should include how
trends affect health and demographic data is used in
social care delivery data service provision in a local
C3 Patterns and trends in health and social care setting
to reduce social inequality
health and ill health within affecting those groups.
social groups

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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Content

Learning aim A: Understand how sociological concepts and perspectives are
applied to the study of health and social care

A1 Concepts and terminology used within sociology
• Diversity of culture and identity:

o socialisation, including norms, values and roles
o social class
o race and ethnic or national origin
o gender
o age
o region
o religion or belief systems
o sexual orientation
o disability.
• The main social institutions:
o family networks
o education
o health and social care services.

A2 The key sociological perspectives

The main sociological perspectives, and the strengths and limitations of each perspective's
explanation of society:
• functionalism
• conflict, including Marxism and feminism
• social action, including interactionism
• postmodernism.

Learning aim B: Examine how sociological approaches support understanding of
models and concepts of health

B1 The biomedical model of health and alternatives
• The biomedical model:

o origins and significance
o criticisms
o implications for professionals and individuals who have care and support needs.
• The alternatives:
o social
o complementary.

B2 The concepts of health, ill health and disability
• Physical and mental ill health and disability as social and biological constructs.
• Definitions of health, including World Health Organization (WHO), holistic,

positive and negative.
• Medicalisation.
• The sick role.
• Clinical iceberg.

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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Learning aim C: Examine how social inequalities, demographic change, and
patterns and trends affect health and social care delivery
C1 Inequalities within society
• People experience inequality in terms of:

o social class
o race and ethnic or national origin
o age
o sex
o disability
o sexual orientation
o region.
• Different social groups experience inequalities through:
o stereotyping
o prejudices
o labelling
o attitudes
o discrimination
o marginalisation.
C2 Demographic change and data
• Demographic change:
o birth and death rates
o family and household size
o migration
o ethnic composition
o life expectancy.
• Uses of demographic data:
o assessing the potential needs of the population
o planning/targeting services.
C3 Patterns and trends in health and ill health within social groups
• Mortality rates, suicide rates, incidence and prevalence of disease and illness.
• Difficulties in measuring health.
• Local or national patterns and trends of care for different groups in society.
• Marketisation of health and social care.

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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Assessment criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

Learning aim A: Understand how sociological concepts
and perspectives are applied to the study of health and
social care

A.P1 Explain how sociological A.M1 Analyse the contribution of AB.D1 Evaluate the role
perspectives are applied sociological perspectives of sociological
to the understanding of to the understanding of perspectives in the
health and social care. health and social care and understanding of
society. society and models and
A.P2 Explain how sociological concepts of health in
perspectives contribute to relation to service
the understanding of provision in a local
society. health and social care
setting.
Learning aim B: Examine how sociological approaches
support understanding of models and concepts of health

B.P3 Compare the biomedical B.M2 Analyse how the
model of health with an biomedical and an
alternative model of alternative model of
health. health, and concepts of
health, ill health and
B.P4 Explain the contribution disability affect service
of concepts of health, ill provision in a local health
health and disability to and social care setting.
service provision in a local
health and social care
setting.

Learning aim C: Examine how social inequalities, C.D2 Evaluate sociological
demographic change, and patterns and trends affect explanations for
health and social care delivery patterns and trends of
health and ill health in
C.P5 Explain how social C.M3 Analyse the impact of C.D3 different social groups,
inequality affects different social inequality on and how demographic
groups in society. different groups in society. data is used in service
provision in a local
C.P6 Explain how demographic C.M4 Analyse the impact of the health and social care
data is used in service use of demographic data setting to reduce social
provision in a local health in a local health and social inequality affecting
and social care setting. care setting in enabling those groups.
the enhancement of
C.P7 Explain patterns and service provision for Evaluate the
trends in health and ill different social groups. importance of
health within different the sociological
social groups. perspectives used in a
health and social care
setting in relation to
understanding society,
reducing social
inequality and
improving service
provision for different
social groups.

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Essential information for assignments

The recommended structure of assessment is shown in the unit summary along with suitable forms
of evidence. Section 6 gives information on setting assignments and there is further information on
our website.
There is a maximum number of two summative assignments for this unit. The relationship of the
learning aims and criteria is:
Learning aims: A and B (A.P1, A.P2, B.P3, B.P4, A.M1, B.M2, AB.D1)
Learning aim: C (C.P5, C.P6, C.P7, C.M3, C.M4, C.D2, C.D3)

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Further information for teachers and assessors

Resource requirements

There are no specific resources required for this unit.

Essential information for assessment decisions

Learning aims A and B

For distinction standard, learners will evaluate and reach reasoned and valid judgements on
concepts and terminology used in sociology. They must use research to justify the validity of
the key sociological perspectives. Learners must draw on knowledge and understanding of the
biomedical model of health and alternatives. They must evaluate the concepts of health, ill health
and disability to reach reasoned and valid judgements.
For merit standard, learners will make reasoned, analytical judgements involving comparison,
discussion or justification of concepts and terminology used within sociology. They must use
research to extend understanding of the key sociological perspectives. Learners must interrelate
facts, theories, concepts and contexts of the biomedical model of health and alternatives, drawing
suitable conclusions. They must make reasoned, analytical judgements involving discussion on the
concepts of health, ill health and disability.
For pass standard, learners will recall and relate knowledge through understanding a range
of appropriate contexts of sociological concepts and terminology. They must use research with
relevance to given situations, including using data sources on the key sociological perspectives.
Learners must select and organise information using appropriate knowledge and concepts to make
suitable judgements on the biomedical model of health and alternatives, and the concepts of
health, ill health and disability.

Learning aim C

For distinction standard, learners will draw on research information to deepen their
understanding and arrive at original and valid conclusions on inequalities within society. They must
articulate arguments and views concisely and professionally to justify conclusions on demographic
change and data. Learners must use detailed analysis and research to make recommendations and
proposals on patterns and trends in health and ill health within at least two social groups.
For merit standard, learners will record information effectively from a wide range of sources or
sources of particular relevance, to enable detailed or wide-ranging analysis of inequalities within
society. They must select and apply knowledge to demonstrate the relevance and purpose of
demographic change and data. Learners must show that they understand how knowledge is applied
to detailed situations in relation to patterns and trends in health and ill health within at least two
social groups.
For pass standard, learners will plan and carry out research using appropriate search and analysis
techniques to understand inequalities within society. They must recall and relate knowledge
through understanding a range of appropriate contexts of demographic change and data. Learners
must select and organise information using appropriate knowledge and concepts about patterns and
trends in health and ill health within at least two social groups.

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UNIT 10: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Links to other units

This unit draws on knowledge taught in:
• Unit 6: Work Experience in Health and Social Care
• Unit 11: Psychological Perspectives
• Unit 12: Supporting Individuals with Additional Needs
• Unit 16: Policy in Health and Social Care.

Employer involvement

Centres may involve employers in the delivery of this unit, if there are local opportunities. There is
no specific guidance related to this unit.

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