The Opposition toward the M

Malaysia Studies 2 (MPU1113U1)

Topic : The Opposition toward

the Malayan Union.

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Norazman

(012021090505)
Izzat Najli Bin Mohd Rohaizat

(012021091572)




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Formation of Malayan
Union

· Equal rights to people who wished to apply for
citizenship under Malayan Union



· Automatically grants citizenship to anyone who were
born in British Malaya State or Singapore.



· Sultan and Malay Governors are not allowed to
discuss political matter and only be able to discuss

religion based topics.





· English governor that was elected by
the Queen of England will lead the
Malayan Union


· All federated Malay States,
Unfederated Malay States, Penang

Malacca and Singapore are combined
under Malayan Union.

Agreement of Malayan

Union

On the 1st April 1946, the Malayan Union
was established by a British named Sir

Edward Gent, combining Federated Malay
States, Unfederated Malay States, Penang
and Malacca under one administration. The
capital city of the Malayan Union was Kuala

Lumpur.



Federated Malay States: Selangor, Perak, N.
Sembilan and Pahang



Unfederated Malay States: Johor, Kedah,
Kelantan, Perlis, and
Terengganu

The idea of the Union was first expressed by

the British in October 1945 in the aftermath
of the WW2 by the British Military
Administration. Sir Harold MacMichael was
assigned to Malay state ruler, commonly
known as Sultan for the Malayan Union in a
short amount of time. The sultans reluctantly
accepted the agreement due to loss of
political power that was entitled to the
Sultan. The Sultans also was threatened with
dethronement by the Malayan Union
governor.




Sir Edward Gent 28
Oct 1895 – 4 July 1948

Reaction of locals and action taken
towards the formation of Malayan

Union




Most of the people of

Tanah Melayu against

Malayan Union for several

factor.They protest Sir

Harold action by threathing

Raja-raja Melayu.Most of

the Kings did not be given a

lot of time to discuss

matters with State

Legislative Council. Some

of the Sultan sign

“Perjanjian Malayan People of Tanah Melayu
Union” for the sake of did not want The Kings to
being loyal to
British.Example, Sultan lost their power in
Selangor and Sultan Johor Malayan Union.Raja-raja
Melayu became members of


the Council of Kings
without power.They lost

their throne and

credibility as The Leader

of Tanah Melayu

Malay thinks that situation after
World War 2 were not suitable for

political reform.

Malay people worried for Malay
culture that have been build since
Malacca Sultanate might disappear

By giving citizenship
easily to the British
makes people feel
challenges about their
citizenship status.

Establishment of the
federation of malayan

-UMNO doesn't want to be alone. Instead of
demanding independence, the Malays just asked
for talks about breaking up the Malayan Union,

which led the British to pick UMNO and the
Malay rulers. Because of extreme political
movements like the Malay National Party, the
British were afraid that the Malays might change

their views (PKMM)



-They were able to replace the Malayan Union
with the Federation of Malaysia because British
officials like Sir Edward Gent helped them out.



-This is about the Malaysians' strength in the
face of the Malayan Union. The Malays, led by
Dato Onn Jafar, were very against the idea of the

Malayan unity.



- Call for a trans-Atlantic flight. In 1945, the United
Nations (UN) made a statement that discouraged
colonialism. The colonial states were told that they
should teach locals how to run their own lives.


- The support of former British officials. During

World War II, Sir George Maxwell, a British diplomat
who had worked in Malaysia before, asked the British
government to make Malaysia into a single country.

Steps of establishment of

the federation of malayan

- executive committee members: 12 senior British officials,
UMNO leaders, representatives of the Malay rulers


- meeting held at king's house, kuala lumpur
- Malay guidance among:

a) rejects all the principles and structures of the Malayan union
b) wants a federation like the concept of allied Malay states
c) rejecting open citizenship of the Malayan union



d) called for the restoration of a protection strategy for Malay
states and people.



e) urged that the Malay monarchs be recognised as the heads of
the Malay states once more.



-Traders and Malay radicals led by Dr. Burhanuddin al-
Helmy faced opposition.



-There are no traders' representatives in the executive
committee. Demanding full independence and the concept

of a republic.



-In early 1947, he founded AMCJA (All Malayan Council Of
Joint Action) and PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) to fight the

British and UMNO.



- Political talks, demonstrations, and strikes were held by
Malay radicals and traders.



- They proposed a people's constitution



- The British formed a consultative committee to get their
input on the Malayan federation treaty, which was signed in

1948.

The Agreement of Federation
of Malaya

The Federation of Malaya has been
formed on 1 February 1948 through the

agreement of Federation of Malaya
which it is replacing Malayan Union

Agreement. This agreement is the
result of the insistence of Malay people
who claim the British to consider their
opinions and wishes in any change in

political.



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Explanation of federation of
Malaya agreement in 1948

- The terms of citizenship have been tightened

- The principle of jus soli is for the people of
Malay king of the Malay states and British
people for straits states (Malacca and Pulau Pinang).

- The Malay King’s institution is maintained with its
jurisdiction and its position in the administration.
Each Malay states had made a deal and constitution
written with the British.

The main features of the
federation of Malaya in 1948

- A federation has been formed with a
combination of eleven states.
- The Federation of Malaya has led by
Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British.
- List of federal and list of the state formed.
- Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British keeping the
special position of the Malays.

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administrative unit.

All federated and non-federated Malay
states, as well as the two border states,
were brought together.
Her Majesty the Queen of England has
nominated a British governor to rule the
Malaysian Union.
Executive and invitational councils were
established.
Because of its status as a free port,
Singapore was secluded.
The notion of jus soli, or equal citizenship,
became the foundation of Malayan union
citizenship.
The Malay rulers became members of the
Malay rulers' council, which primarily
discussed Islam and Malay culture.
A state commissioner is appointed for each
state as chief administrator

The image above shows the This allowed the British to
administrative system of Malayan
union it was declared on the 1st of
April 1946 at king’s house kuala
lumpur. The first ever governor
was Sir Edward Gent The
administration of the British army
or British military force in
Malaysia was officially replaced by
this pronouncement.

standardise Malaya's

administrative, judicial,

security, political, and

economic policies for

imperial purposes. The

Malays have been enraged by

the British move, which goes

against their earlier

protective policy, thus it's not

surprise that they are unified

against the Malayan union.

Values that can be cultivated
from the topic

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smoothly.

The Malay States and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca formed the Malayan
Union. It was created to integrate the Malay Peninsula under a single government in order to

streamline management.

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British establishing

Malayan Union

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