LEGAL ENGLISH manual (2019-2020)

Model contract 2

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT made as of the 1st day of January, 1995 between THE SUMMIT
MEDIA GROUP, INC. ("Company"), a New York corporation having an office at 1414
Avenue of the Americas, New York New York 10019 and SHELDON HIRSCH
("Executive"), residing at 28 Doral Court, New City, New York 10956.

W I T N E S S E T H:

1. Employment.

1.Term. Company hereby employs Executive, and Executive hereby accepts employment
with Company with the duties hereinafter set forth, for a period commencing on January 1,
1995 and ending August 31, 1998 subject, however, to earlier termination in accordance
with the provisions of this Agreement. This Agreement shall automatically renew on a year-
to-year basis unless terminated by either party hereto giving written notice to the other
at least 90 days prior to August 31, 1998 or any August 31 thereafter.

2. Duties.
……………//…………

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this
Agreement this 3rd day of August, 1995 as of the date first above written.

Model contract 3

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
EXCLUSIVE PATENT AND NON-EXCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT LICENSE AGREEMENT

This Agreement, effective as of the date set forth above the signatures of the
parties below (the "EFFECTIVE DATE"), is between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
("M.I.T."), a Massachusetts corporation, with a principal place of business at 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 and Akamai Technologies, Inc. ("COMPANY"),
a Delaware corporation, with a principal place of business at __________.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, M.I.T. is the owner of certain PATENT RIGHTS and an owner of
certain COPYRIGHTS (as later defined herein) relating to M.I.T. Case No. [**],
….;

WHEREAS, M.I.T.'s Vice President for Research has approved that [**]
the inventors of the PATENT RIGHTS and [**] of the authors of the COPYRIGHTS,
now hold or shall shortly acquire an equity position in COMPANY and that M.I.T. is
accepting equity as partial consideration for the rights and licenses granted under this
Agreement;

……//…….

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be
executed by their duly authorized representatives.

THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS AGREEMENT IS Oct. 26, 1998.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
TECHNOLOGY
Technology Licensing Office

By: /s/ Lita Nelsen By: /s/ Daniel Lewin
Name: Lita L. Nelsen, Director Name: Daniel Lewin
Title: Technology Licensing Office Title: President

190

Model Contract 4 - Assignment agreement

This Assignment, effective as of the date set forth above the signatures of the
parties below (the "EFFECTIVE DATE"), is between AKAMAI
TECHNOLOGIES ("ASSIGNOR"), a Delaware corporation, with a principal place of business at
205 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, and the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology ("ASSIGNEE"), a Massachusetts corporation, with a principal place
of business at 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307.

WHEREAS, [**] and certain other inventors have assigned their entire right, title
and interest relating to the Invention to AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES;

WHEREAS, ASSIGNOR is an owner by assignment of the Invention, and has
the right to assign all of its rights to ASSIGNEE;

WHEREAS, ASSIGNOR hereby desires to assign its entire right, title and interest
in the Invention to ASSIGNEE;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing said agreements, and of other
good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, ASSIGNOR
intending to be legally bound, does hereby sell, assign and transfer to the ASSIGNEE, its
successors and assigns, its entire right,
title and interest in the Invention [**], for the United States of America, its
territories and possessions, and for all foreign countries, in said Invention, including
all patent applications, all divisions and continuations thereof, all rights to claim
priority based thereon, all rights to file foreign applications of said Invention, and all
Letters Patents and reissues thereof, issuing foresaid Invention, in the United States of
America and in any and all foreign countries.

**Confidential Materials omitted and filed separately with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. Asterisks denote omission.

It is agreed that ASSIGNOR shall be legally bound, upon reasonable request of the
ASSIGNEE or its successors or assigns or a legal representative thereof, to execute all
instruments proper to patent and maintain the Invention in the United States of America
and all foreign countries in the name of the ASSIGNEE and to execute all instruments
proper to carry out the intent of this instrument.

ASSIGNOR hereby covenants that no assignment, sale, agreement or encumbrance has
been or will be made or entered into which would conflict with this Assignment.

ASSIGNOR hereby authorizes and requests the Commissioner of Patents and
Trademarks to issue any and all such United States Letters Patent to ASSIGNEE, its
successors and assigns, as the owner of all right, title and interest therein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be
executed by their duly authorized representatives.

THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS AGREEMENT IS OCTOBER 26, 1998.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGY

By: /s/ Lita Nelsen By: /s/ Daniel Lewin
Name: Lita L. Nelsen, Director Name: Daniel Lewin
Title: Technology Licensing Office Title: President

191

Model contract 5

Source: http://www.todalaley.com/mostrarFormulario93.htm

CONTRATO DE AGENCIA
REUNIDOS

Don ..., gerente de la empresa ..., constituida en escritura pública otorgada ante Don ..., Notario de
..., e inscrita en el Registro Mercantil con fecha de ... de ... de ..., libro ..., tomo ..., folio ..., con CIF
núm. ..., y con domicilio social en ..., calle ..., con poderes de representación conforme a escritura
pública autorizada por Don ..., Notario de ... con fecha de ... de ... de ..., de una parte;
Don ...,mayor de edad, vecino de ..., con domicilio en ... y titular de DNI número ..., en adelante
agente, de otra parte;
Acuerdan celebrar el presente CONTRATO DE AGENCIA, de acuerdo con las siguientes,

ESTIPULACIONES
Primero. La empresa ... nombra a Don ... agente, el cual será su representante para (especificar
el acto u operación de comercio) conforme a las siguientes instrucciones (especificar).
Segundo. Don ... se obliga frente a la empresa ... a promover y concluir (especificar el acto u
operación de comercio) por cuenta ajena.
Tercero. La actuación por medio de subagentes requerirá autorización expresa del empresario.
Cuarto. El agente no podrá desarrollar su actividad profesional por cuenta de varios empresarios
durante la vigencia del presente contrato.

…//…
Manifestando su conformidad, firman Don ..., como gerente de la empresa ... y Don ..., por duplicado
y a un solo efecto, el presente contrato de AGENCIA, en ... a ... de ... de ....

192

APPENDIX 3. WORKSHEETS

APPENDIX 3. WORKSHEETS ............................................................................................................ 193
WORKSHEET 1.1- Two cases ..................................................................................................... 195
WORKSHEET 1.2- Vocabulary review. ...................................................................................... 197
WORKSHEET 1.3 - Indicating possibility. ................................................................................... 199
WORKSHEET 1.3b (Level C1) - Intentional Torts ...................................................................... 201
WORKSHEET 1.4 - Cause and result 1 ...................................................................................... 205
WORKSHEET 1.5 - Cause and result 2 ....................................................................................... 207
WORKSHEET 1.6 - Purpose ....................................................................................................... 209
WORKSHEET 1.7 – Sentence rewrites ....................................................................................... 211
WORKSHEET 1.8 – A letter to a client ....................................................................................... 213
WORKSHEET 1.9 - Criminal vocabulary review ......................................................................... 215
WORKSHEET 2.1 Presenting arguments and supporting reasons .............................................. 217
WORKSHEET 2.1 Part 2. Presenting arguments and supporting reasons................................... 219
WORKSHEET 2.2- Developing arguments.................................................................................. 225
WORKSHEET 2.3 – Analysing the best structure for a business ................................................. 227
WORKSHEET 2.4 - Presenting arguments and supporting reasons ............................................ 229
WORKSHEET 2.5 – Compare and contrast review ..................................................................... 231
WORKSHEET 2.6- Company bylaws .......................................................................................... 233
WORKSHEET 2.8 - Types of Businesses. Discussion & note-taking activity................................. 239
WORKSHEET 3.1 - Contract terminology................................................................................... 243
WORKSHEET 3.2 – Conditions and Contingencies ..................................................................... 245
WORKSHEET 3.3 – Sentence rewrites ....................................................................................... 249
WORKSHEET 3.4 - Archaic reference words (Clauses 1-4) ......................................................... 251
WORKSHEET 3.5– Simplifying contract clauses ......................................................................... 253
WORKSHEET 3.6 – Agency Agreement...................................................................................... 255
WORKSHEET 3.7 - Analysing and explaining a contract ............................................................ 257

193

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 1.1- Criminal versus Civil Law

Criminal law vs. Civil Law Comparison Chart

ACTIVITY 1. As you watch the three videos in Activity 1 and complete the table below.

Civil Law Criminal Law

Definition

Purpose or intent
Parties

Victim’s role
Court’s role
Standard and
burden of proof
Possible outcome
Type of outcome /
punishment
Consequences for
the defendant

Examples of torts /
crimes

Dictated by Both common law (judge-based law / case Statutory law
law based on judicial precedents) and Only the defendant may appeal a court's verdict.
statutory law (statutes= laws, e.g. The prosecution is not allowed to.
employment discrimination law)

Appeals Either party (claimant or defendant) can
Who can appeal? appeal a court's decision.

Jury opinion

195

ACTIVITY 2.

CASE 1 – PEDRO & THE DENTIST

Pedro went to the dentist to have his wisdom teeth
taken out. Instead, Dr. García, his dentist, removed his
two front teeth by mistake. Pedro took him to court
alleging that the dentist had not been careful and asked
for €100,000. The judge decided that Pedro was right
and ordered Dr. García to compensate Pedro with the
money he had asked for.

CASE 2 – FRANKIE, THE DRUNK DRIVER

Frankie, a twenty-year old ICADE student, had too much to drink
one night, accidentally ran over an old woman who was crossing
a street and fled the scene of the accident. As a result of her
injuries, the woman died the next day. Some people who saw the
accident told the police, who took him to jail and accused him of
drunk driving and manslaughter. His father had to pay €500,000
to get him out of jail before the case went to court. When the
judge asked him, he said he was innocent. However, in the end, the jury decided that he
had committed a crime. The judge said he had to go to prison for 5 years.

Now rewrite the stories above, using the appropriate legal terms below.

to arrest to sue
to award to report
to bring an action bail
to charge damages
to convict liable
to plead negligence
to rule to sentence
to take into custody the claimant
to try verdict

196

Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 1.2- Vocabulary review.

1. Complete the sentences below logically.
a) At the end of the civil trial, the judge found ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
b) As a result of the accident, Peter suffered _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
c) The court ruled _________________________________________and awarded __________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
d) My brother is planning to file___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
e) My neighbour has to stop using my parking space because the court has granted__

___________________________________________________________________________________________
f) The defendant will have to pay_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
g) The judge imposed ______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
h) Instead of going to court, the parties decided to settle _______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
i) If you tell lies about somebody in public, you are committing _______________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
j) The court held that______________________________________________________________________

Now do the translation activity on the back of this page.

197

2. RECENT HEADLINES. Translate using the vocabulary you have learned. Before you translate
the sentences, make sure you determine whether it is a civil or criminal case and use the
appropriate vocabulary.
1. Mario Conde salió en libertad después que un juez fijara la fianza en 300,000 euros.

2. Los cuatro jóvenes detenidos por el asesinato de Iván Robayna han sido enviados a
prisión sin fianza.

3. La policía española detuvo a tres personas acusadas de fraude.

4. Una niñera que trabajó para Britney Spears en 2012 demandó a la cantante para
exigirle una compensación de 55.000 dólares.

5. Un tribunal ha sentenciado que Telecinco vulneró el derecho a la intimidad (=right to
privacy) de Belen Esteban, y ha condenado a la cadena a indemnizarle con 90.000
euros. La Sala (=Division) de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo ha confirmado (=upheld)
la sentencia.

6. Al final del juicio, el fiscal presentó sus argumentos contra la condena impuesta a 'El
Cuco' por encubrir (=to cover up) el asesinato y violación de Marta del Castillo.

198

Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 1.3 - Indicating possibility.

a. Together with a partner complete the following sentences using the different expressions to
indicate possibility that you have seen. Do not use the same expression of possibility more
than once.

100% DEFINITE  X will happen.
 X is likely to happen.
 There is a good chance that X will happen.
 Somebody has a good chance of +….. ing
 X will probably happen.

50% POSSIBLE  Perhaps X will happen.
 X may / might / could happen.
 X may not / might not happen.
 X probably won’t happen.
 There is a (small/slight/slim) chance that X will happen.
 There is a chance that X will not happen.
 X is not likely/ unlikely to happen.

0% POSSIBLE  X will not happen.

1. Tonight I might go to bed late as I have to study for an exam.

2. The current government in Spain .....................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................

3. The Real Madrid ...........................................................................................................................................
4. In five years´ time I .................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................
5. The Spanish economy ...............................................................................................................................
6. (Think of a real person who is on trial at the moment) ...............................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
7. The …………………………………………………………………………………….………. the next general
elections in Spain.
8. Princess Leonor of Spain..........................................................................................................................
9. There is a good chance ..............................................................................................................................
10. ……………………………………………….. is unlikely to ............................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................

199

Worksheet 1.3b (Level B2) Indicating possibility.
b. THREE STORIES (p. 16) . For each of the stories answer the following questions. When you are
asked your opinion, indicate what you think may be the possible outcome of the case by using
each of the expressions below between the **** at least once:

**** might / may / likely / probably / a chance / unlikely / could / perhaps ****
Case One

1. Who has committed a tort? What tort?
2. What do you think the injured party is going to do?*
3. If the case goes to court, how do you think the court is going to rule?*
4. In your opinion will a remedy be granted? What remedy?*
Case Two

5. Who has committed a tort? What tort?
6. What do you think the injured party is going to do?*
7. If the case goes to court, how do you think the court is going to rule?*
8. In your opinion will a remedy be granted? What remedy?*
Case Three

9. Who has committed a tort? What tort?
10. What do you think the injured party is going to do?*
11. If the case goes to court, how do you think the court is going to rule?*
12. In your opinion will a remedy be granted? What remedy?*

200

Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
WORKSHEET 1.3b (Level C1) - Intentional Torts

Tort law establishes that everybody has a duty of care. The duty of care is the responsibility a
person or business has to be reasonably careful (or to use reasonable care) when dealing with
others. In tort law, a person who breaches the duty of care is liable for any harm another person
suffers as a result of the first person’s failure to be reasonably careful.

Level C1. Video 1.1b - INTENTIONAL TORTS

As you know, torts can be intentional or negligent. You are going to watch a video in which
Michael Ehline, Attorney at Law, explains intentional torts under US law. Watch Video 1.1b and
answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES.
http://www.videojug.com/interview/intentional-torts-2
1. What differentiates an intentional tort from the tort of negligence?

2. A common law tort is one based on tradition and case law. What is the origin of what is
known today as common law torts?

3. Today wrongful death is a statutory tort, which means it was created through legislation,
but originally under common law in England a wrongdoer could not be sued for
wrongful death. Why not?

4. Why did many states in the US enact laws allowing people to sue the wrongdoer for
wrongful death ?

5. Over the years legislation has created many statutory torts. What are some of the original
common law torts?

201

6. Both assault and battery can be criminal offences or torts. What are they? Give your
own example of each, not the one given in the lecture.

7. How does the lawyer define false imprisonment?

8. Mr Ehline describes two mitigating circumstances under tort law: necessity and self-
defense. Complete the following sentences about these mitigating circumstances:

Necessity is a situation in which ...................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
When a defendant has acted out of necessity for private reasons, he may still be
held liable but the damages awarded to the plaintiff may be reduced. By contrast,
when a defendant has acted out of necessity for the general good of the public ........
.................................................................................................................................................................
Self-defense is the use .....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
Some states in the US have a Retreat to the Wall Rule, which establishes that............
.................................................................................................................................................................

9. What is an intentional tort to property? What four examples does the speaker give?

10. Why might the damages awarded for trespass be simply nominal damages of $1.00?

11. In what kind of cases might the wronged party seek injunctive relief? In other words,
when might the plaintiff ask the court to grant an injunction?

202

12. What is a temporary restraining order?

13. What could happen if the wrongdoer does not comply with the injunction?

14. Why might the damages awarded for trespass to land vary so much?

15. What is the difference between trespass to land and trespass to chattels?

16. A nuisance also involves an unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of
one’s property. How is it different from trespass?

17. What would prevent somebody from obtaining a remedy for nuisance?

18. Why is the injured party allowed to sue for the full value of property when a tort of
conversion has been committed? Provide some examples of conversion.

203

204

Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 1.4 - Cause and result 1
1. Use of MAKE

Rewrite the sentences using make. Depending on the sentence you will need to use one of the
different structures seen.
1. The witness was very nervous because of the attorney’s questions. (MADE)

.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Tony’s illness was due to the company’s negligence. (MADE)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Paul got angry because Bob was using his tennis court without permission (MADE )
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. Barbara missed her job interview because she was arrested. (MADE)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. Thousands of fish died as a result of the oil spill. (MADE )
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

6. It was difficult to maneuver the ship because of the large number of reefs. (MADE IT)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. It was impossible for Mary to use her garden given that the neighbour’s animals attracted
insects. (MADE IT)
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

Now continue to the back of this page.

205

1 2 3 4
CONJUNCTIONS ADVERBIALS VERBS PREPOSITIONS

Connect sentence Connect a Followed by a nominal structure
clauses sentence
clause + clause logically to a
previous
sentence.

Introducing a because, since, as, result from, ( be) as a result of, because
reason or given that the result of of, due to, owing to,
VERBS thanks to, in view of,
cause given + nominal
structure.
CONJUNCTIONS ADVERBIALS PREPOSITIONS
Connect a
Connect sentence sentence Followed by a nominal structure
clauses logically to a lead to, result in,
clause + clause previous cause sth/sb to +
sentence. V*,
Introducing a with the result that, so, make sb/sth + V*
consequence which is why As a result,
Consequently,
or result Therefore,

2. Sentence Transformation

Transform the sentences below using AN EXPRESSION ENDING IN A PREPOSITION. Do not use
the same preposition in all the sentences.

Examples:
The claimant lost her vision because the surgeon was negligent.
The claimant lost her vision [ BECAUSE OF/DUE TO/AS A RESULT OF/etc.] the surgeon’s negligence.

1. Mary had an accident because it was raining.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. The nurse testified in favour of the claimant. Consequently, the doctor was held liable for
negligence.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. The workers were exposed to high levels of benzene, so many of them suffered from skin
diseases.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. As McDonald’s failed to warn customers about the hot coffee, the jury found in favour of
Mrs. Liebeck.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. The company suffered heavy losses during the economic crisis so it became insolvent.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

206

Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 1.5 - Cause and result 2

Rewrite the sentences using the word provided in brackets. You cannot change the form of the
word in brackets. You cannot use THE FACT THAT.
1. There was broken glass on the wet floor. Consequently, Ian slipped and cut his arm.

(CAUSED)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Mary Smith broke her hip. As a result, she was unable to work for six months. (DUE TO)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. The owner’s failure to install a fire alarm in the discotheque led to the death of 25 people in

the fire. (AS A RESULT, not AS A RESULT OF)

..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. The exposure of the workers to toxic gases resulted in various medical problems. (WHICH
CAUSED)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. John seriously injured his back. Consequently, he could not continue working as a lorry
driver. (MADE / IMPOSSIBLE)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

6. 500 workers were dismissed in 2009 as a result of the economic crisis. (LED )
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. The Court will probably find for the claimant as a result of the nurse’s testimony on behalf
of the patient. ( CONSEQUENTLY)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. The fire in our warehouse caused us to lose $3m. (RESULTED)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
207

9. My client lost her eyesight because the surgeon was negligent. (DUE TO )
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

10. We reached an out-of-court settlement with the customer yesterday. Consequently our
legal expenses will be lower than expected. (THANKS TO)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

208

Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 1.6 - Purpose
Expressing purpose/finality - SO vs. IN ORDER TO (=SO AS TO) – SO THAT

1. Complete the sentences below using SO, (IN ORDER) TO or SO THAT.
1. Laura has a very important civil case coming up …………….. she has decided to hire the best

litigator in the country …………….. she will have a better chance of winning the case.
However, this lawyer’s fees are extremely high …………….. she is going to have to take out a
personal bank loan …………….. pay his fees.
2. Fumes were coming into Mrs. Harris’s flat from the McDonalds’ on the ground floor. This
made it impossible for her to leave the windows of her flat open …………….. she filed an action
against the owner …………….. be granted an injunction …………….. the restaurant owner would
be forced to install a better system to control the smoke and food odours.
2. Complete the sentences below with a minimum of FIVE words buy looking back at these stories
and cases from Unit 1.

1. (Story 1, p.1) The judge awarded Robert $500 in damages in order to..........................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. (Story 3, p. 2) Ricky was convicted and sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment so that..........
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. (Case 3, p. 16) Paul was granted an injunction so that ...........................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. (Case 2, p. 16) The court found for Tony and awarded him the damages he was claiming in
order to ...............................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. (Case 1, p. 16) Barbara was illegally detained by Macy’s so.................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

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210

Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 1.7 – Sentence rewrites

Rewrite the sentences using the word provided in brackets. You cannot change the form of the
word in brackets.
1. The court ruled in favour of the claimant. (FOUND)

......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. I think your best option would be to settle the case out of court. (ADVISE)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. We feel that your company is likely to win the case if it decides to bring an action. (A GOOD
CHANCE)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. My client has instructed me to bring an action against your company for nuisance. (FILE)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. The defendant was ordered to pay $35,000 in damages. (AWARDED)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

6. Given the facts of the case, we would advise your mother to sue the doctor for negligence.
(SUGGEST)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. The company did not design the product carefully. As a result, there were hundreds of
accidents. (FAILURE)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. The defendant claims that he did not make any defamatory comments in public. (DENIES)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(continues on the back of this page)

211

9. As our restaurant suffered serious losses, we were forced to dismiss 25% of the staff.
(GIVEN, not GIVEN THAT)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

10. The fire which started in your warehouse seriously damaged the surrounding office
buildings. (CAUSED)
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................

212

Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 1.8 – A letter to a client

Activity 1. Complete the letter using information from the listening and suitable letter writing
expressions.

Armstrong, Connery & Partners

1682 Bridge Street  Reading RG1 6GH

3 November 2012

Mr. Richard Kelly
1367 Wilshire Terrace
Reading
RG42 3AX

__________________________________________ 1

Ref: Your Defamation claim

Further to our meeting on February 16, I am ______________________________________ 2 the facts of the
case and the legal issues we discussed.

As you explained, an ex-student of yours, Gary Hetherington, published a
______________________________________ 3 statement about you on ______________________________________ 4 .
He stated that you were dismissed from your job in ______________5 because you
__________________________________________________________________________ 6 . This has adversely affected
both you and _____________________________________7 . From what you told me, I understand that Mr
Hetherington may have still been angry with you as a result of

his__________________________________________________________ 8 .

There are several options available, but given that you are mainly interested in having your
reputation _________________________________ 9, I _________________________________________________ 10 try to
settle out of court. We have already written a letter to
__________________________________________________________ 11 and Mr Hetherington, explaining that if the

comments ____________________________________12 immediately and ________________________________13 is
published , our client would be willing to negotiate an out-of-court settlement. Enclosed you will
find a copy. We will notify you as soon as we receive a reply to this letter.

I am confident that Mr Hetherington’s comments will be removed shortly. There is a law in the
UK which establishes that once an internet service provider (ISP) is notified of a
___________________________________ 14 statement, it has a duty to remove it immediately. If the
provider fails to do so, it can be found ______________________________________
______________________________________________15. In addition, we can base our case on a precedent set
in the County Court in Lincoln in 2002, in which the claimant _________________________________
₤1250 _____________________________________ 16 and costs of ₤150 in a very similar defamation claim.

Should you have any further questions, do not ___________________________________________________ 17.

Yours sincerely

John Connery

John Connery
Attorney-at-law

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Activity 2.
Rewrite the following letter using more formal vocabulary and structures.
Combine the sentences to write more complex sentences, using expressions of REASON/RESULT,
ADDITION and RELATIVE CLAUSES.
Pay special attention to the underlined words or expressions, which must be replaced by another
more formal term or expression.
LAWYER: JOSEPH GARDNER
CLIENT: JANET BRYSON

Joe’s Low Cost Law Firm

Hey Janet,
Speaking of your call yesterday, I want to see if I have understood what is going on.
You said that your neighbour is taking you to court because you’ve been parking your car on
his property for the last two years. He can do that. There’s a law that protects people’s
private property. What you are doing is called trespass.
One option is that you can go to court. This can take a long time. And it’s not cheap! And the
judge is probably going to agree with your neighbour. There are probably photos that show
your car parked there. Also, your neighbour wrote you a letter asking you not to park there,
and you ignored it. The judge will make an order telling you that you can’t park there. One
last thing, you might have to give your neighbour the money he paid his lawyer.
The second option is to come to an agreement with your neighbour so that you don’t have
to go to court. I think this is the best thing to do.
If you agree, I’ll write a letter to your neighbour for you. While we’re waiting for his answer,
I have a suggestion -- stop parking on his property!
Please tell me what you think asap. Talk to you soon,
Joe

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 1.9 - Criminal vocabulary review

1. Complete the sentence as completely as possible with a minimum of 4 words.
1. At the beginning of a trial, the defendant is asked to plead..................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................................
2. All criminal defendants are entitled to ........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
3. Whereas a misdemeanor is a minor offence, a felony .........................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
4. A jury is made ...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Evidence presented by the prosecution and defense may consist of ..........................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
6. A witness must tell the truth because .........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
7. In the cross-examination a witness called by the prosecution is ..................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
8. In order to convict a defendant, the jury ...................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
9. A convicted defendant may be sentenced .................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................
10. The defendant does not have to prove he/she is innocent because ............................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 2.1 Presenting arguments and supporting reasons
1. Complete the texts below with the missing words from the box.

SETTING UP A SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

This main one enables addition makes one In three first
which advantages means second

There are basically three (1) _____________________ (2) _____________________ (3) to running /

operating / setting up your business as a sole proprietorship. The _____________________
(4) _____________________ (5) is that very few requirements have to be met.
______________________ (6) _____________________ (7) it quick and easy to set up and operate this
type of business. The ______________________ (8) _____________________ (9) is that a sole trader
runs the business on his own (=by himself) , which _____________________ (10) that he can
take decisions quickly and rapidly and can keep all the profits. _____________________ (11)
_____________________ (12), he can provide his customers with personalized service,
_____________________ (13) _____________________ (14) him to be more competitive.

makes Consequently drawback additional which other This of
On First all hand if/when/once disadvantages means
Furthermore the

On (1) _____________________(2) _____________________ (3) _____________________ (4) , there are

also several __________(5) to this type of business. _____________________ (6)
_____________________ (7) _____________________ (8), a sole trader is fully liable for the debts
incurred and actions brought against the business. _____________________ (9), he could lose
his house and other possessions if the business goes badly. _____________________ (10), the
start-up capital is limited to the sole trader’s savings, _____________________ (11)
_____________________ (12) it difficult for the business to expand. An _____________________ (13)
_____________________ (14) is the fact that the entire business depends on the sole trader.
_____________________ (15) _____________________ (16) that the sole trader will probably have
to work long hours with few holidays and that the business will cease to exist
______________________ (17) the sole trader dies or retires.

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................

Further practice for LEVEL B2

WORKSHEET 2.1 Part 2. Presenting arguments and supporting reasons
2.1.2 Developing an argument - Adding supporting information
General introductory sentence.  Examples:
Not only ….but also / In addition to (+ noun /or/ + verb+ING )…., ……
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Not only / but also can be used to join ANY SIMILAR GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES.
See some examples below.
Sentence (with inversion) + sentence - Not only can a sole trader provide a personalized

service but he can also adapt to changing market conditions quickly.

Verb + verb – A sole trader can not only provide a personalized service but also adapt to
changing market conditions quickly.

Adjective + adjective – A sole trader can provide services that are not only personalised
but also up-to-date.

1. Start the first part of each sentence with NOT ONLY +inverted (=interrogative) structure.
1. A sole trader works on his own. Not only does a sole trader work on his own but he also….

2. He has to do everything. ....................................................................................................
3. He has to work long hours. ................................................................................................

4. He gets few holidays..........................................................................................................

5. His liability is unlimited. .....................................................................................................

6. His business ceases to exist if he dies.................................................................................
7. He could lose his business..................................................................................................

8. He could lose his personal property. ..................................................................................

9. It is easy to set up. .............................................................................................................

10. It is inexpensive to set up.................................................................................................
11. He can take all the decisions. ...........................................................................................

12. He can keep all the profits. ..............................................................................................

13. His business went bankrupt. ............................................................................................
14. He had to sell his house to pay off all his debts. ...............................................................

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2. If each of the above sentences was the second part of a sentence, where would you INSERT …
ALSO …?

Example: 1. …but a sole trader /also works on his own.

2. …but he has to do everything.
3. …but he has to work long hours.
4. …but he gets few holidays.
5. …but his liability is unlimited.
6. …but his business ceases to exist if he dies.
7. …but he could lose his business.
8. …but he could lose his personal property.
9. …but it is easy to set up.
10. …but it is inexpensive to set up.
11. …but he can take all the decisions.
12. …but he can keep all the profits.
13. …but his business went bankrupt.
14. …but he had to sell his house to pay off all his debts.

3. Rewrite the above sentences as if it were the first part of the sentence starting with IN
ADDITION TO.

Example: 1. In addition to working on his own, a sole trader ….
2. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
3. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
4. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
5. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
6. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
7. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
8. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
9. In addition to ...............................................................................................................................
10. In addition to .............................................................................................................................
11. In addition to .............................................................................................................................
12. In addition to .............................................................................................................................
13. In addition to .............................................................................................................................
14. In addition to .............................................................................................................................

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2.1.3- Structures for developing an argument (Further practice for B2)

1. NOT ONLY …. BUT ALSO / IN ADDITION TO
Use the above expressions to exemplify or illustrate a previous statement.
Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists. (EXAMPLES) The city has many monuments. It offers many
cultural activities.
 Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists. Not only does the city have many

monuments but it also offers many cultural activities.
 Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists. In addition to having many monuments, the

city offers many cultural activities.

1. Giving examples. Find two examples in the sentences from Section 2.1.2 of this Worksheet
(see previous pages) , which you could use to support the information in the first sentence
provided in two ways using NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO and IN ADDITION TO. BE LOGICAL!!

1. Anyone can set up a sole proprietorship.(Sentences 9 & 10)

a) It is not only easy but also ........................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

b) In addition to being easy, it ......................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

2. It is risky to be a sole trader. (Sentences 7 & 8)

a) He could not only ...........................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

b) In addition to ...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

3. It is not easy to work as a sole trader. (Sentences ____& ____). (Now you have to decide
which sentences contain information to support this statement and the ones below)

a) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

b) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

4. A sole proprietorship is not a separate legal entity, which means that (Sentences
___&____)

a) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

b) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
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5. There are several advantages for the person who sets up his business as a sole
proprietorship. (Sentences ___&____).

a) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

b) ................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

2. Complete the following sentences logically using the structures provided.
2. ENABLES (=make it possible for somebody to do something; introduces an advantage)
The Madrid Metro enables you to get from one place to another quickly.
A car enables you to spend a lot of money on gasoline. (Illogical sentence)

1. A credit card enables you ...............................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

2. A mobile phone enables you ...........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

3. Facebook enables you .....................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

4. Operating as sole trader enables a person.......................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

5. Knowing their customers well enables sole traders .........................................................
............................................................................................................................................

3. MAKES + it + adjective + (for somebody) to +verb (=hace que sea + adjetivo)
Madrid has an extensive underground system, which makes it quick and easy to get from one place
to another.
1. A sole proprietor has unlimited liability, which makes it................................................

......................................................................................................................................
2. A sole proprietorship does not have to meet many requirements, which makes it .......

......................................................................................................................................
3. A sole trader has a limited amount of money to invest in the business, which makes it

......................................................................................................................................

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4. INDICATING BOTH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Example: Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists. (indicate change to disadvantage) It is very noisy
and has too much traffic.
 ALTHOUGH Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists, ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
 Madrid is a wonderful city for tourists. HOWEVER, _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Example: Although a sole trader is his own boss, he has to do all the work by himself
and his expertise is limited.

1. Although it is quick and easy to set up a sole proprietorship, ..........................................
.......................................................................................................................................

2. Although a sole trader has to pay all of his business’s expenses, .....................................
.......................................................................................................................................

5. LOGICAL IMPLICATIONS / CONSEQUENCES
 Madrid has a lot of traffic ______________ it is not always easy to get from one place to

another.
 Madrid has a lot of traffic , _____________ it is not always easy to get from one place to

another.
 Madrid has a lot of traffic. ____________ , it is not always easy to get from one place to

another.

1. A sole trader is his own boss so .......................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

2. Setting up a sole proprietorship involves very few requirements, which means that ......
............................................................................................................................ ………...

3. A sole proprietorship is not a separate legal entity from its owner. Therefore,...............
............................................................................................................................................

4. A sole trader has a limited amount of money to invest, which means that......................
.......................................................................................................................................

5. A sole trader can take decisions quickly and easily so .....................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

Now indicate whether the arguments above indicate an A (ADVANTAGE) or a D
(DISADVANTAGE).

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 2.2- Developing arguments

Complete the sentences below logically.
1. Although a sole trader can keep all the profits, he ......................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. A sole trader works alone, which means that ..............................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. Being a sole trader is not easy. Not only………………………………………………………………………..

..................................................................................................................................but he also gets few holidays.
4. Knowing the customers well enables a sole trader ....................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Setting up a sole proprietorship is quick and easy. However,................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................
6. If the business goes bankrupt, the owner will be solely and fully liable for paying all the

debts. This means .......................................................................................................................................................
7. The sole trader runs the business by himself so ............................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................
8. Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, running the business as a sole trader is a

suitable option for your type of business. Not only ...................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
9. When setting up a sole proprietorship there are no registration fees and few requirements.
This makes it ..................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
10. Running a business on your own involves a lot of hard work. In addition to .............................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 2.3 – Analysing the best structure for a business

1. Before you complete the boxes below, look at the following presentation.
2. Now, for each of the four stories you have just read, complete a grid in note form.

For each story you should:
 indicate what business structure best suits each case.
 match the person’s needs, concerns and situation to a characteristic of the business
structure. Some items are already filled in.

YOU SHOULD NOT WRITE COMPLETE SENTENCES OR SIMPLY COPY SENTENCES FROM THE BOOK.

Story One Characteristics of this type of business
→ can have various shareholders
Business structure:
Need, concerns or situation of the owners
 …. need their brothers to be

investors

Disadvantages:

Story Two Characteristics of this type of business
 Unlimited liability would not be a
Business structure:
Need, concerns or situation of the owners problem
→ does not involve much risk

Disadvantages:

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Story Three Characteristics of this type of business

Business structure:
Need, concern or situation of the owners
→want to get started as soon as
possible

Disadvantage:

Story Four

Business structure: Characteristics of this type of business
Need, concern or situation of the owners  One-person business; owner is solely
 Has the expertise needed; wants to
responsible for all decisions
work on her own.

Disadvantages:

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................

WORKSHEET 2.4 - Presenting arguments and supporting reasons
1. Complete the following text recommending the best type of
business for SALLY (Situation 4) including reasons for your
choice.
Dear Ms. Lee,
I would advise you to set up a ___________________________
for a number of _______________. Not only

_________________________ all the profits, but you ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
In addition, you will not have to meet ________________________________________________
, which means that you will be able __________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
However, it is important to bear in mind that you will ___________________________________
Consequently, __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Another drawback _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Finally _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. WRITING.
a. Look at the grids you completed in worksheet 2.3 . Now write a similar text recommending the
best business structure for the story your teacher tells you to write about. Use the two texts you
have seen in class as models.
Below is some useful language to help you.
Structuring your arguments
 First of all, / First,
 Secondly, / A second advantage / Another advantage
 In addition, / Moreover,
 Not only … but also
 In addition to …
 Finally,

Introducing explanations
 This means that… / …, which means that / This /…, which makes it ….
 Consequently, /Therefore,
 …so…

Introducing counterarguments
 However ,/ Nevertheless, / On the other hand,

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 2.5 – Compare and contrast review

1. Complete the texts below with the missing words from the box. Complete the ….. with an
appropriate expression of reference.

VERB ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTION PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE

CONTRAST differ from whereas unlike
SIMILARITY (be) different in / by contrast while as opposed to
from in contrast with

resemble similarly like both (also used as
(be) similar to a noun) / and
neither / nor

1. ______________________________ a general partner, a sleeping partner only invests the capital
and has limited liability.

2. A general partner ____________________________________________ a sleeping partner in that the
…………………………... only invests money to start the business.

3. ______________________ a general partner participates in the running of the business and has
unlimited liability, a sleeping partner does not manage the business and has limited
liability.

4. A general partner ________________________ a sleeping partner in that the ………………………
participates in the running of the business.

5. A general partner _____________________ a sole trader in that both are involved in managing
the business.

6. _______________a general partner and a sleeping partner provide the money to set up the
business.

7. A general partner manages the business. _____________________, a sleeping partner is only an
investor but not a manager.

8. ________________ a general partner ______________ a sole trader has limited liability.

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2. WRITING SENTENCES.

Without looking back at Unit 2, compare or contrast the following terms using vocabulary seen in
class. In each sentence refer to different aspects and try to use as much of the vocabulary in
the box below as possible. Every time you use an item, tick it off. You may have to change the

form of the words in the box. (for example: liable → liability)

raise cease transfer limit lose require

regardless entity minimum share capital dissolve liable directors

consent trade participate in upon list personally

NOTE: YOU DO NOT HAVE TO START THE SENTENCE WITH THE WORDS PROVIDED BELOW

1. general partners / sole traders (LIKE)

2. a sociedad anónima / a public limited company (RESEMBLES)

3. upon the death of a sole trader / the death of a shareholder (BY CONTRAST)

4. a public limited company / a partnership (DIFFERS)

5. setting up a sole proprietorship / setting up a public limited company / involves (WHILE)

6. a sociedad de responsabilidad limitada / a private limited company (BOTH)

7. a private limited company / a sole proprietorship (UNLIKE)

8. limited partners / the shareholders of a public limited company (SIMILAR TO)

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Name _______________________________________________
WORKSHEET 2.6- Company bylaws

1. Complete the following sentences with information from the bylaws of Video Action Inc. Pay
careful attention to the verb used in each sentence and make sure you complete it with suitable
information and a correct structure. Use different information in each sentence.
1. The bylaws of Video Action Inc contain .....................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2. The bylaws of Video Action Inc specify ......................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

3. The bylaws of Video Action Inc provide that .............................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

4. The bylaws of Video Action Inc provide for ..............................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

5. The bylaws of Video Action Inc set out .....................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

6. The bylaws of Video Action Inc stipulate ...................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

2. Answer the following questions in your own words.
7. What is a proxy? ........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

8. What is the difference between general meetings and special meetings? ..................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

9. What is the difference between directors and executive officers? .............................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

10. How do the duties of the Company Secretary and the duties of the Chief Financial Officer differ?
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

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Name:....................................................................................................................................................

 WORKSHEET 2.7A – COMPANY BY-LAWS Student A

1. Write an appropriate information question to find out whether the information is TRUE or
FALSE.

2. Ask your partner your questions. Indicate if the statement is TRUE or FALSE. If the statement
is FALSE, provide the correct information and indicate the Article and Section which contains
this information.

How many Directors is the Board composed of?
The Board is composed of twelve Directors. False. Eight. (Art. IV, S. 1)

1. How long…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Directors serve for five years.

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
One board meeting has to be held each year.

3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
All the directors have to be present for business to be transacted at a Board meeting.

4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A Director can participate in a Board meeting by video or telephone conference.

5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Directors receive a fixed monthly salary.

6. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
The Directors’ remuneration is decided by the stockholders.

7. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Directors can be removed by the majority stockholders.

8. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
The salaries of the officers are decided by the shareholders.

235

9. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Any of the Chairman’s powers can be delegated.

10. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for the corporate funds and keeping a record of
how they are spent.

11. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
The Board of Directors has to declare a dividend every year.

3. Answer your partner’s questions as clearly as possible in your own words. Do not read from the
document.

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Name:....................................................................................................................................................

 WORKSHEET 2.7B – COMPANY BY-LAWS Student B

1. Write an appropriate information question to find out whether the information is TRUE or
FALSE.
2. Ask your partner your questions. Indicate if the statement is TRUE or FALSE. If the statement
is FALSE, provide the correct information and indicate the Article and Section which contains this
information.

Where do all meetings of the stockholders have to be held?
All meetings of the stockholders have to be held at the registered office. False. they can be

held there or in any place selected by the Board of Directors. (Art. III, S. 1)

1. Who……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Directors are elected by the stockholders.

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The voting for the election of directors is done in writing.

3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Any stockholder is entitled to call a special meeting.

4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Any business can be transacted at a special meeting.

5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Only the Company Secretary can fix the date for a special meeting and notify the
stockholders.

6. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Two-thirds of all the stockholders are required to constitute a quorum.

7. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Business can still be transacted after shareholders start to leave a special meeting, even if
there is no longer a quorum.

8. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………
If a stockholder cannot attend a meeting he can authorize another person to represent him
by simply writing a note.
237

9. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………
Stockholders have to be notified that a meeting has been called at least 60 days in advance.

10. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Decisions which should be taken at a meeting can be authorised by written consent instead
of voting at a meeting.

11. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The list of stockholders entitled to vote has to be sent by registered mail to all stockholders
at least 10 days before the meeting.

3. Answer your partner’s questions as clearly as possible in your own words. Do not read from the
document.

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Name:.......................................................................................................................................
WORKSHEET 2.8 - Types of Businesses. Discussion & note-taking activity

Discuss and/or complete the answers to the slides below as your teacher goes through the
presentation. (Presentation 2.1)

239