Plus one Computer Application Questions from text book

cout << "Enter two numbers" ---------->
cin >> num >> auto -------------->
float area = Length * breadth ;
}
ii.
#include <iostream>
using namespace; -------------->
int Main() --------------------->
{
int a, b ------------------->
cin <<a> >b ------------->
max = a % b --------------->
cout > max -------------->
}
Arrow marks all are errors. you find out and correct it.

11. Write the working of an assignment operator? Explain all arithmetic assignment operators
with the help of examples.

Chapter 7. Control Statements
(+1. Computer Application Questions and answers from text book)

1. Write a program to input an integer and check whether it is positive, negative or zero.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

signed long num1 = 0;
cout << "\n\n Check whether a number is positive, negative or zero :\n";
cout << "-----------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout << " Input a number : ";

cin >> num1;
if(num1 > 0)
{

cout << " The entered number is positive.\n\n";
}
else if(num1 < 0)
{

cout << " The entered number is negative.\n\n";
}
else
{

std::cout << " The number is zero.\n\n";
}
return 0;
}

Output

Check whether a number is positive, negative or zero :
-----------------------------------------------------------

Input a number : 8
The entered number is positive.

2.Write a program to input three numbers and print the smallest one.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

int a, b, c, d;
cout << "Enter the value of a: ";

cin >> a;
cout << "Enter the value of b: ";

cin >> b;
cout << "Enter the value of c: ";

cin >> c;

if (a < b)
d = a;

else
d = b;

cout << "the smallest of the numbers is: " << ((d < c) ? d : c) << endl; //

return 0;

}

3. Write a program to input an integer number and check whether it is positive, negative or zero
using if…else if statement.

1. #include <iostream>

2. using namespace std;

3.

4. int main()

5. {

6. int number;

7. cout << "Enter an integer: ";

8. cin >> number;

9.

10. if ( number > 0)

11. {

12. cout << "You entered a positive integer: " << number << endl;

13. }

14. else if (number < 0)

15. {

16. cout<<"You entered a negative integer: " << number << endl;

17. }

18. else

19. {

20. cout << "You entered 0." << endl;

21. }

22.

23. cout << "This line is always printed.";

24. return 0;

25. }

4. Write a program to input a character (a, b, c or d) and print as follows: a - "abacus", b -
"boolean", c - "computer" and d - "debugging"

5. Write a program to input a character and print whether it is an alphabet, digit or any other
character.

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

char ch;
cout << "Enter any character";
cin >> ch;

// Alphabet checking condition
if((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))
{

cout << ch << " is an Alphabet";
}
else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
{

cout << ch << " is a Digit";
}
else
{

cout << ch << " is a Special Character";
}

return 0;
}

Result

6. Write a program to input a number in the range 1 to 12 and display the corresponding month
of the year. (January for the value 1, February for 2, etc.)

#include <iostream>

#include <string>
using namespace std;
char chr;
int main()
{

int month;
cout<<" Enter a number from 1-12."<<endl;
if (month ==1)

cout<< "January";
else if (month==2)

cout<< "February";
else if (month==3)

cout<<"March";
else if (month==4)

cout<<"April";
else if (month==5)

cout<<"May";
else if (month==6)

cout<<"June";

else if (month==7)
cout<<"July";

else if (month==8)
cout<<"August";

else if (month==9)
cout<<"September";

else if (month==10)
cout<<"October";

else if (month==11)
cout<<"November";

else if (month==12)
cout<<"December";

else
cout<<"Sorry I need a number from 1-12.";

cout<< "The month is "<<month;
cin>>chr;
return 0;

7. What is the significance of break statement within a switch statement?

When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately terminated and
the program control resumes at the next statement following the loop. It can be used to terminate
a case in the switch statement.

8. Rewrite the following statement using if...else statement result= mark>30 ? 'p' :' f';

Ans.

if(mark>30)

{

cout<<result="p";

else

cout<<result="f";

}

9. Write the significance of break statement in switch statement. What is the effect of
absence of break in a switch statement?

The break keyword causes the entire switch statement to exit, and the control is passed to
statement following the switch.. case construct. Without break, the control passes to the
statements for the next case.

10. What will be the output of the following code fragment?

for(i=1;i<=10;++i) ;

cout<<i+5;

Ans.

11. Write a program using for loop that will print the numbers between 1000 and
2000 which are divisible by 132.

12. Rewrite the following statement using while and do...while loops.

for (i=1; i<=10; i++)

cout<<i;

Ans.

int i=1;

do

{

cout<<i;

i++;

}

while(i<=10);

13. How many times the following loop will execute?

int s=0, i=0;
while(i++<5)
s+=i;

14. Briefly explain the working of a for loop along with its syntax. Give an example of for loop
to support your answer.

Syntax:
for (initialization ; test expression; update statement)

{
body of the loop;

}
eg.

for ( n=1; n< = 10; ++n)
cout << n ;
At first initialization takes place n=1
Then test expression evaluated n<=10
If it is true body of the loop executed, otherwise the program control goes out of the for loop.
After execution of loop body update expression is executed ++n. it will repeated until test
expression become false

15. Compare and discuss the suitability of three loops in different situations.

16. What is wrong with the following while statement if the value of z = 3. while(z>=0)
sum+=z;

17. Consider the following if else if statement. Rewrite it with switch command.

if (a==1)

cout << “One”;

else if (a==0)

cout << “Zero”;

else

cout << “Not a binary digit”;

Ans.

switch (a)
{
case 1: cout << “One”;

break;
case 0: cout<< “Zero”;
break;
default: cout << “ Not a binary digit”;
}

18. Write the importance of a loop control variable. Briefly explain the different parts of a loop.

19.1. Explain different types of decision statements in C++.

2. Explain different types of iteration statements available in C++ with syntax and examples.

Iteration statements are used to perform repeated execution of a set of one or more
statements in a program. They are also known as looping statements.

A looping statement has four parts
a). initialization of control variable
b). test expression
c). update statement for control variable
d). body of the loop
eg. for loop, while loop, do while loop

for loop:

It is an entry – controlled loop in C++.

Syntax:
for (initialization ; test expression; update statement)

{
body of the loop;

}
eg.
for ( n=1; n< = 10; ++n)
cout << n
At first initialization takes place n=1
Then test expression evaluated n<=10
If it is true body of the loop executed, otherwise the program control goes out of the for loop.
After execution of loop body update expression is executed ++n. it will repeated until test
expression become false.

while loop:

It is an entry – controlled loop in C++.
Syntax

Initialization of loop control variable
while ( test expression)

{
body of the loop;
updating of loop control variable;

}
eg.
n=1;

while( n< = 10)

{
cout << n ;
++n;

}
At first initialization takes place n=1
Then test expression evaluated n<=10

If it is true body of the loop executed, otherwise the program control goes out of the while loop.
After execution of update expression ++n . repetition takes place until test expression become
false.

do----while loop:
It is an exit – controlled loop in C++.
Syntax
Initialization of loop control variable;
do

{
body of the loop;
updating of loop control variable;

} ( test expression);
eg.
n=1;

do
{

cout << n ;
++n;

} while(n<= 10);
At first initialization takes place n=1
Then test expression evaluated n<=10
If it is true body of the loop executed, otherwise the program control goes out of the while loop.
After execution of update expression ++n . repetition takes place until test expression become
false.

Chapter 8. Computer Networks

(+1. Computer Application Questions and answers from text book)

1. Name the basic elements needed for a data communication system.
Ans. Message,Sender,Receiver,Medium and Protocol

2. Define resource sharing.
The sharing of available hardware and software resources in a computer network is called

resource sharing. For example, the contents of a DVD placed in a DVD drive of one computer
can be read in another computer. Similarly, other hardware resources like hard disk, printer,
scanner, etc. and software resources like application software, anti-virus tools, etc. can also be
shared through computer networks.
3. Name two classifications of communication channels between computers in a network.

Guided and unguided. In guided or wired medium, physical wires or cables are used and in
unguided or wireless medium radio waves, microwaves or infrared signals are used for data
transmission.
4. Name the connecter used to connect UTP/STP cable to a computer.

Ans. RJ -45
5. The cable media that use light to transmit data signals to very long distances is _________.
Ans. Optical Fibre cable
6. AM and FM radio broadcast and mobile phones make use of _________ medium for
transmission.

Ans. Unguided medium

7. A short range communication technology that does not require line of sight between
communicating devices is _________.

Ans. Infrared waves

8. A communication system that is very expensive, but has a large coverage area when
compared to other wireless communication systems is _________.

Ans. satellite

9. Compare hub and switch.

A hub is a device used in a wired network to connect computers/devices of the same
network. It is a small, simple, passive and inexpensive device.Computers/devices are connected
to ports of the hub using Ethernet cable. When NIC of one computer sends data packets to hub,
the hub transmits the packets to all other computers connected to it. Each computer is responsible
for determining its data packets.

A switch is an intelligent device that connects several computers to form a network. It is a
higher performance alternative to a hub. It looks exactly like a hub. Switches are capable of
determining the destination and redirect the data only to the intended node. Switch performs this
by storing the addresses of all the devices connected to it in a table. When a data packet is send
by one device, the switch reads the destination address on the packet and transmits the packet to
the destination device with the help of the table

10. What is the use of a repeater?

A repeater is a device that regenerates incoming electrical, wireless or optical signals
through a communication medium .
Data transmissions through wired or wireless medium can travel only a limited distance as the
quality of the signal degrades due to noise. Repeater receives incoming data signals, amplifies
the signals to their original strength and retransmits them to the destination.

11. The devices used to interconnect two networks of same type is ______.

Ans. Router

12. Differentiate between router and bridge.

A router is a device that can interconnect two networks of the same type using the same
protocol. It can find the optimal path for data packets to travel and reduce the amount of traffic
on a network. Even though its operations are similar to a bridge, it is more intelligent. The router
can check the device address and the network address and can use algorithms to find the best
path for packets to reach the destination.

A bridge is a device used to segmentise a network. An existing network can be split into
different segments and can be interconnected using a bridge. This reduces the amount of traffic
on a network. When a data packet reaches the bridge, it inspects the incoming packet’s address
and finds out to which side of the bridge it is addressed (to nodes on the same side or the other
side). Only those packets addressed to the nodes on the other side, will be allowed to pass the
bridge. Others will be discarded. The packet that passes the bridge will be broadcast to all nodes
on the other side and is only accepted by the intended destination node.

13. A device that can interconnect two different networks having different protocols is ______.

Ans. Gateway

14. An electronic device used for communication between computers through telephone lines is
______.

Ans. Modem

15. In bus topology, when the signal reaches the end of the bus, ______absorbs the signal and
removes it from the bus.

Ans. Terminator

16. In which topology is every node connected to other nodes?

Ans. Mesh

17. Categorise and classify the different types of networks given below.

ATM network, Cable television network, Network within the school, Network at home using
bluetooth,Telephone network, Railway network.

18. What is PAN?

Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network of communicating devices (computer, mobile,
tablet, printer, etc.) in the proximity of an individual. It can cover an area of a radius with few
meters

19. The transmission media which carry information in the form of light signals is called
__________.

a. Coaxial

b. Twisted

c. WiFi
d. Optical Fiber

Ans. d
20. Different networks with different protocols are connected by a device called _____.
a. Router
b. Bridge
c. Switch
d. Gateway

Ans. d
21. In which topology, the failure of any one computer will affect the network operation?

Ans. Ring
22. To transmit signals from multiple devices through a single communication channel
simultaneously, we use _____ device.
a. Modem
b. Switch
c. Router
d. Multiplexer

Ans. d
23. Satellite links are generally used for
a. PANs
b. LANs
c. MANs

d. All of the above

Ans.

24. Define bandwidth.

A range of frequencies within a given band, in particular that used for transmitting a signal.

25. Switch and Hub are two devices associated with networking. Differentiate them.

Refer Qs 9

26. What is an IP address? Give an example of IP address.

It is a unique 4 part numeric address assigned to each node on a network for unique
identification of them. . It is normally expressed in “dotted decimal Number” Eg. 192.165.1.1

There are two types of IP addresses IPV4: A 32 bit address which can identify only 4 billion
devices in the net. IPV6: A 128 bit address which can identify 4x4x4 billion devices in the net.

27. What is TCP/IP? What is its importance?

Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol used to interconnect network devices on local
network and internet. When data is send from one device to another, the data is broken in to
small packets by TCP and send through transmission medium. Delivery of each of these packets
to the right destination is done by IP. When the packets are received by the receiving computer,
TCP checks packets for error and assemble in to original message.

28. What is Bluetooth?

Its frequency range from 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. It is a short distance
communication ( approx 10m). It is uses in cell phones, wireless keyboard etc..
29. Explain the need for establishing computer networks.

30. What are the uses of computer networks?

By networking individual computers,

1. Data communication is possible . Computer network helps user to communicate with any
other user of the network through its services like e-mail chatting etc..

2. Resource Sharing: The sharing of available hardware and software resources ( like programs,
printers , hard disk etc..)in a computer network is called resource sharing.

3. Reliability: A file can have copies in different computers . So breaking down of one system
does not cause data loss.

4. Scalability: Computing and storage capacity can be increased or decreased easily by
adding/removing computer or storage devises to the network..

5. Price –Performance ratio: Sharing of hardware and software instead of purchasing saves a lot
of money.

31. What is the limitation of microwave transmission? How is it eliminated?

Micro waves have a frequency range of 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) to 300 GHz. Microwaves travel
in straight lines and cannot penetrate any solid object. Therefore, high towers are built and
microwave antennas are fixed on their top for long distance microwave communication. As these
waves travel in straight lines the antennas used for transmitting and receiving messages have to
be aligned with each other. The distance between two microwave towers depends on many
factors including frequency of the waves being used and heights of the towers.

32. Briefly describe the characteristics of Wi-Fi.

Line of sight between communicating devices is not required

• Data transmission speed is up to 54 Mbps

• Wi-Fi can connect more number of devices simultaneously

• Used for communication upto 375 ft (114 m)

33. An International School is planning to connect all computers, spread over distance of 45
meters. Suggest an economical cable type having high-speed data transfer, which can be used to
connect these computers.

LAN.

33. Suppose that you are the administrator of network lab in one Institution. Your manager
directed you to replace 10 Mbps switch by 10 Mbps Ethernet hub for better service. Will you
agree with this decision? Justify your answer.

34. You need to transfer a biodata file stored in your computer to your friend’s computer that is
10 kms away using telephone network

a. Name the device used for this at both ends.

Ans Modem

b. Explain how the file is send and received inside the device, once a connection between two
computers is established.

35. When is a repeater used in a computer network?

A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission
systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog repeaters
frequently can only amplify the signal while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its
original quality.

36. Compare infrared and Bluetooth transmission.

Infrared waves have a frequency range of 300 GHz to 400 THz. These waves are used for
short range communication (approx. 5 m) in a variety of wireless communications, monitoring
and control applications. Home entertainment remote control devices, cordless mouse and
intrusion detectors are some of the devices that utilise infrared communication.

Bluetooth technology uses radio waves in the frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz.
This technology is used for short range communication (approx. 10 m) in a variety of devices for
wireless communication. Cell phones, laptops, mouse, keyboard, tablets, head sets, cameras etc.
are some of the devices that utilise bluetooth communication.

37. Identify and explain the device used for connecting a computer to a telephone network.

38. Briefly explain LAN topologies.

LAN is a network of computing and communicating devices in a room, building, or
campus. It can cover an area of radius with a few meters to a few Kilometers. A networked office
building, school or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building can
contain a few small LANs (Like some schools have independent LANs in each computer lab)
.Occasionally a LAN can span a group of nearby buildings. In addition to operating in a limited
space, a LAN is owned, controlled and managed by a single person or an organisation. LAN can
be set up using wired media (UTP cables, coaxial cables, etc.) or wireless media (infrared, radio
waves, etc.). If a LAN is setup using unguided media, it is known as WLAN (Wireless LAN).

39. Briefly describe TCP/IP protocol.

Refer Qs 27

40. What is a MAC address? What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?

Media access control Address is universal, unique and permanent address ( 12 digit
hexadecimal number) assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. Its first half contains the ID of

the manufacturer and second half is the serial number of the particular adapter.
MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS

IP address is a unique 4 part numeric address assigned to each node on a network for
unique identification of them. . It is normally expressed in “dotted decimal Number” Eg.
192.165.1.1

41. How are computer networks classified, based on size?

Computer networks are typically classified by scale, ranging from small, personal
networks to global wide-area networks and the Internet itself.

42. Compare different LAN topologies.

Topology is the way in which computers are physically interconnected to form a network.
Common types of topologies are,

a). Bus Topology: There is a main cable called bus from the server to which every node
computers are connected by short drop cables. A small device called terminator is attached at the
end of the bus. When a data signal reaches the terminator at the end, it is absorbed and the bus is
free to carry new signal.
Advantages:
i). Easy to install

ii). Less cable is needed. So less expensive

iii). Failure of node does not affect the network.

Disadvantages:

i). Fault detection is difficult.

ii). Failure of cable, server or terminator will affect entire network.

b). Ring Topology: All node computers are connected to a circular cable. All data is
passing through this cable.

Advantages:
i). No signal amplification required because each node do this.
ii). Requires less cable, so cost effective
Disadvantages:

i). If a node fails, entire network will fail.
ii). Addition of nodes is difficult.
c). Star Topology: In star topology there is server at its centre and all other work stations are
connected to it through separate connections. All messages are passed through the server.
When a message goes from one computer to another , it is first send to the server , which then
retransmit the message to the destination computer.
Advantages:
i). If one workstation fails, it does not affect the whole network.
ii). Easy to install
iii). It easy to expand
iv).Easy to find faults and remove workstations.
Disadvantages:
i). Requires more cables than Bus topology
ii). If the central device fails it affect entire net work
d).Mesh Topology: In this Topology each node is connected to other nodes. So there is more
than one path between two nodes. So failure of one node may not affect the data
communication.

Advantages:
i). If one workstation or a path fails, it does not affect the whole network.
Disadvantages:
i). Requires more cables so very expensive.
ii). Very complex and difficult to manage.

43. Explain various types of guided communication channels.
Guided Media: Here data is transmitted through some physical media such as metal wire or

optical cable. 1. Twisted Pair cables: There are two types of twisted pair cables

a). Unshielded twisted pair(UTP): It is commonly used It is cheap and flexible. It consists of
two insulated conductors twisted together to avoid noise. Characteristics: Low cost, thin and
flexible, ease of installation and carries data up to a length of 100m.

b). Shielded Twisted pair(STP): Here the twisted pair itself is shielded again. Characteristics:
protection from electromagnetic noise, difficult to install and expensive.

2. Coaxial cables: It has an inner central metallic core surrounded by an insulating sheath. It is
then surrounded with a conducting outer cover and is again covered with a protecting insulation
. Characteristics: Expensive high band width, less flexible, difficult to install and carries data up
to a length of 500m.

3. Optical Fiber : Optical fiber use light instead of electrical signals. They are made of glass
fibers covered by a cladding both are in perfect thickness and in different refractive indices. Then
it is covered by a plastic jacket. LED or Laser Diode is used to convert electrical signal in to
light signal(modulation). Laser is expensive but can used for long distance transmission.
Characteristics: High bandwidth, carries data over a long distance, expensive but effective and
difficult to install.

44. Compare different unguided media.

Unguided media: Here data transmission takes place through space or air. Electromagnetic
waves are used for it.

1. Radio Waves: Its frequency range from 3 KHz to 3 GHz. It can used for short distance and
long distance communication. These waves can easy to generate and can penetrate through most
of the objects. So it can be used in indoors and outdoors.

Characteristics of Radio Waves transmission

a). Not a line of sight transmission

b). Inexpensive than wired media

c). Can penetrate through most objects

d). It can affected by electrical equipments like motor

Different types of radio transmissions are,

I). Bluetooth: Its frequency range from 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. It is a short distance
communication ( approx 10m). It is uses in cell phones, wireless keyboard etc..

Characteristics:

i). Not a line of sight communication

ii). Can connect up to 8 devices

iii). Slow transfer rate(up to 1Mbps)

II). Wi-Fi: Its frequency range from 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz.

Characteristics:

i) . Not a line of sight communication.

ii). Data transfer speed is up to 54Mbps

iii). Can connect more devices at a time.

Iv). Range up to 114m

III). Wi-Max: Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access .It combines the benefits of
wireless and broadband. Its frequency range from 2 GHz to 11 GHz.

Characteristics:

i). Hundreds of users can connect at a time

ii). Range up to 45 Km

iii). Transmission speed up to 70Mbps

iv). High cost of installation and power consumption.

IV). Satellite Link: These are like repeaters but can cover a large foot area due to its position
36000KM above earth. Geostationary satellites are used for this. Its transponders
receive the sending signal from earth(uplink) (frequency 1.6 GHz-30GHz), strengthen them
and slightly change its frequency to avoid mixing with the up linking signal and

retransmit it to earth(downlink) (frequency 1.5 GHz-20GHz),. The ground station can
receive or even the end user can receive it.

Characteristics of satellite transmission

i). satellite cover a large are of the earth.

ii). Requires permission and license

iii). Expensive

2. Microwaves: It use in line of sight method of propagation. These waves can’t travel along the
surface of earth. So taller antennas and transceivers uses to receive the wave and strengthen and
retransmit.. Eg. Mobile communication.

Characteristics:

1. Inexpensive than wired media

2. Transmission is in straight line

3. Easy communication over difficult areas

3. Infrared Waves: Its frequency range from 300 GHz to 400 THz. It is a short distance
communication ( approx 5m) Eg. remote control device

Characteristics:

1. A line of sight transmission.

2. Only two device can communicate

3. Short distance communication

45. Define the term protocol. Briefly describe any two communication protocols.

It is the special set of rules to be followed in a network when devices in the network
communicates. Each protocol specifies rules for formatting data, compressing data, error
checking making connections and making sure that the data packets reach its destination.

a). TCP/IP: Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol used to interconnect network devices on
local network and internet. When data is send from one device to another, the data is broken in to
small packets by TCP and send through transmission medium. Delivery of each of these packets
to the right destination is done by IP. When the packets are received by the receiving computer,
TCP checks packets for error and assemble in to original message.

b) HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a standard protocol for transferring request from
client side to receive response from the server side. The HTTP client (Browser) sends a request
to the HTTP server (Web server) and server responds with HTTP responds. HTTP is medium
independent and stateless( Server and client are aware each other only during a request or
response).
46. Briefly describe the various communication devices used in computer networks.

Data communication devices act as interface between computer and the communication
channel. They are used to transmit, receive , amplify and route the signals across the
communication media.

a). Network Interface Card(NIC): It enables a computer to connect a network and communicate.
It can breaks up data into small units, translate the protocols , send and receive data. It may be
wired(Ethernet) or wireless(Wi-Fi).

b). Hub: Hub is used in wired network to connect devices of the same network. It transmit data
to all the devises connected to it. Only the device to which data is assigned is responds to it.
Large network traffic due to this reduces its bandwidth.

c). Switch: Switch can be considered as an intelligent hub. It store addresses of all the device
connected to it. Switch read the destination address of the data from the packet and send data to
the particular destination device only. So network traffic can be reduced.

d). Repeater: They are used to receive the incoming signal , amplify it to their original strength
and retransmit it.

e). Bridge: It is used to interconnect different segments of an existing network. Only those
packet addressed to a node on a particular segment allowed to pass the bridge and transmitted to
all the nodes in the segment.

f). Router: It can interconnect two networks of the same type using the same protocol. It can find
the best path for data packets to travel and can reduce the amount of traffic in the network.

g). Gateway: It can interconnect two different networks using the different protocols. It can
translate one protocols to other and can understand the address structure used in different
networks.

47. Which is/are communication channel(s) suitable in each of the following situations?

a. Setting up a LAN.

b. Transfer of data from a laptop to a mobile phone.

c. Transfer of data from one mobile phone to another.

d. Creating a remote control that can control multiple devices in a home.

e. Very fast communication between two offices in two different countries.

f. Communication in a hilly area.

g. Communication within a city and its vicinity where cost of cabling is too high

48. Distinguish between router and gateway.

A router is a device that can interconnect two networks of the same type using the same
protocol. It can find the optimal path for data packets to travel and reduce the amount of traffic
on a network. Even though its operations are similar to a bridge, it is more intelligent. The router
can check the device address and the network address and can use algorithms to find the best
path for packets to reach the destination.

A gateway is a device that can interconnect two different networks having different
protocols . It can translate one protocol to another protocol. It is a network point that acts as an
entrance to another network. Its operations are similar to that of a router. It can check the device
address and the network address and can use algorithms to find the best path for packets to reach
the destination. Further, while interconnecting two networks with different protocols, there must
be some mutual understanding between the networks. A gateway is capable of understanding the
address structure used in different networks and seamlessly translate the data packet between
these networks.

Chapter 9. Internet
(+1. Computer Application Questions and answers from text book)

1. ARPANET stands for _____________.
Ans. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

2. Who proposed the idea of www?
Ans. Tim Berners Lee

3. The protocol for Internet communication is _____________.
Ans.TCP/IP
4. What do you mean by an ‘always on’ connection?

The term broadband refers to a broad range of technologies that helps us to
connect to the Internet at a higher data rate (speed). Wired broadband connections are
‘always on’ connections that do not need to be dialled and connected. Broadband
connections use a broadband modem and allow us to use the telephone even while
using the Internet

5. A short distance wireless Internet access method is _____________.

6. Give an example for an e-mail address.

[email protected]

7. Which of the following is not a search engine?

(a) Google

(b) Bing

(c) Facebook

(d) Ask

Ans. c

8. Name the protocol used for e-mail transmission across Internet.

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

9. What is a blog?

A blog (web log) is a discussion or informational website consisting of entries or
posts displayed in the reverse chronological order i.e., the most recent post appears
first. Some blogs provide comments on a particular subject; others function as
personal online diaries and some others as online brand advertising for a particular
individual or company. Initially blogs were created by a single user only. But now
there are multiauthor blogs that are professionally edited. Blogger.com and
Wordpress.com are popular sites that offer blogging facility.

10. Name two services over Internet.

a) World wide Web(WWW):It is a system of interlinked hyper text document
accessed via internet. It is a huge client-server system with millions of clients and
servers. Each server maintain a collection of documents that can access using a URL.
WWW works by establishing hyper text links between documents anywhere in the
internet.

b). Search engines: search engines websites are special programs to help people
to find information available on WWW. It searches WWW for possible key words by
using programs like crawler/spider or robots and make indexes of web pages
containing that keywords and saved in its server. When a user search with a key word,
the search engine software searches its server and show a list of URLs matching the
search to the user.

11. Each document on the web is referred using ________.

12. What is a virus?

A computer virus is a program that attaches itself to another program or file
enabling it to spread from one computer to another without our knowledge and
interferes with the normal operation of a computer. A virus might corrupt or delete
data on our computer, replicate itself and spread to other computers or even erase
everything in the hard disk. Almost all viruses are attached to executable files. A virus
may exist on a computer, but it cannot infect the computer unless this malicious
program is run or opened. Viruses spread when the file they are attached to, is
transferred from one computer to another using a portable storage media (USB drives,
portable hard disks, etc.), file sharing, or through e-mail attachments.Viruses have
become a huge problem on the Internet and have caused damage worth billions.

13. What do you mean by phishing?

Phishing is a type of identity theft that occurs online. Phishing is an attempt to
acquire information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by posing as
the original website, mostly that of banks and other financial institutions. Phishing
websites have URLs and home pages similar to their original ones. The act of creating
such a misleading website is called spoofing. People are persuaded to visit these
spoofed websites through e-mails. Users are tempted to type their usernames,
passwords, credit card numbers, etc. in these web pages and lose them to these
websites. These frauds use this information to steal money. Phishing is currently the
most widespread financial threat on the Internet.

14. The small text files used by browsers to remember our email id’s, user names, etc
are known as _____________ .

Ans. Cookies

15. The act of breaking into secure networks to destroy data is called _____________
hacking.

Ans.Black hats

16. What is quarantine?

The antivirus software uses virus definition files containing signatures (details)
of viruses and other malware that are known. When an antivirus program scans a file
and notices that the file matches a known piece of malware, the antivirus program
stops the file from running, and puts it into ‘quarantine’. Quarantine is a special area
for storing files probably infected with viruses. These files can later be deleted or the
virus can be removed. For effective use of antivirus software, virus definitions must
be updated regularly.

17. Why is the invention of HTTP and HTML considered as an important land mark
in the expansion of Internet?

18. Compare intranet and extranet.

Intranet is considered as a private computer network similar to internet using
TCP/IP for sharing resources within an organization.
If the intranet is allowed to communicate with some computers that are not part of the
organization is known as Extranet.

19. Write short notes on

a. Mobile broadband

b. Wi-MAX

Ans.
1). Mobile Broadband: It used in mobile devices like mobile phone, tablets etc

in
which modem is built in or USB dongle is used. It allows freedom to use internet
on move. It uses cellular network to data transfer. Its speed increases with
generations like 2G, 3G, and 4G.

2).Wi-MAX:Worldwide interoperability for MicrowaveAccess combines the benefits
of
wireless and broadband. It has a bandwidth up to 70 Mbps to a range of 45 KM.

20. Explain the terms web browser and web browsing.

A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World
Wide Web. ... He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser,
which displayed web pages on dumb ... The menu has different types of settings.

Web browsing is a

21. Compare blogs and microblogs.

Social Blogs: Blog(Web Log) is a discussion or informational website contains
entries /posts in reverse chronological order. It may be comments about a subject ,
personnel diaries, advertisement etc..

Microblogs:It allows the user to exchange short sentences, individual images or
video links. It offers a communication mode that is spontaneous and can influence
public opinion.
Eg. Twitter

22. What are wikis?

:Wikies allow people to add content or edit existing information in a web page to
form a community document.

23. Your neighbour Ravi purchased a new PC for his personal use. Mention the
components required to connect this PC to Internet.

24. What are the advantages of using broadband connection over a dial-up
connection?

25. XYZ engineering college has advertised that its campus is Wi-Fi enabled. What is
Wi-Fi? How is the Wi-Fi facility implemented in the campus?

It is short distance (up to 100M) data transmission method using Wi Fi router or
wireless network access point(Hot spot). It is less secure than wired connection.
26. Madhu needs to prepare a presentation. For this, he uses www.google.com to
search for information. How does google display information when he types
‘Phishing’ in the search box and clicks search button?

27. Manoj’s e-mail id is [email protected]. He sends an e-mail to Joseph whose e-
mail id is [email protected]. How is the mail sent from Manoj’s computer to
Joseph’s computer?

28. How does a Trojan horse affect a computer?

It is appear to be a useful program but once it is installed , it will do damages to
the computer like deleting or altering files. It may also make path(back door) in
computer through whichillegal users can access personnel information from computer
through network. Trojan can’t self-replicate.

29. Explain a few threats that affect a computer network.

a). Firewall: Firewall is a system of computer hardware and software that provides
security to the computers in an organization. It controls the incoming and outgoing
network traffic and deny malicious data from entering in to the computer.

b). Antivirus Scanners:Antivirus tools scans files and programs for known malware
like viruses and remove them or store them in quarantine area to preventing them
from execution.

c). Cookies: Cookies are small text files created when we browse a website. It may
remember our username, password etc..so hackers can use them for their malicious
purpose. They use cookies as spyware to keep track our activities in system. So
cookies should be frequently removed.

30. What is firewall?

Firewall is a system of computer hardware and software that provides security to
the computers in an organization. It controls the incoming and outgoing network
traffic and deny malicious data from entering in to the computer

31. Suppose you wish to visit the website of kerala school kalolsavam,
www.schoolkalolsavam.in and you have entered the URL in the address bar. Write the
steps that follow until the home page is displayed.

32. Write the disadvantages of social media. What are the different ways to avoid the
disadvantages of social media?

i). Bring people together ii). Can plan and organize events iii). Business
promotion

iv). Can express social skills .

a). Avoid unnecessary uploading of personal data.
b). Setting time schedule for the usage.
c). Think twice before you post anything in social media.
d). Set exact privacy levels.
e). Do not use bad languages

33. Explain the various broadband technologies available for Internet access.

a) Internet connectivity is based on speed of the connection and technology used.
They can broadly classify in to dial up, wired broad band, and wireless broad band.

a). Dial Up connection: It uses telephone line and dial up modem connection is made

by dialing . It has a speed of 56kbps.

b). Wired Broadband connection: It is “always on” type connectivity with high band

width.

Common types of Wired Broadband connection are,

1). Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN): It has a transfer rate It is capable of
transferring voice and digital data

Cable Internet: It uses co-axial cables of cable TV network for data transfer. A

cable modem is used to connect cable network and computer. Its band width is about
10Mbps.

3). Digital Subscriber Line( DSL): It uses telephone line to transfer data and

voice. Commonly it uses Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) technology

to allow a speed up to 24 Mbps.

4). Leased Line: It is a dedicated line used to transfer data with speed up to 100

Mbps.
5). Fibre To The Home(FTTH): It uses optical fiber from ISP to users home. By
using light signals , it has a very high band width.
A Network Terminal Unit(NTU) is installed at homes which connect
computers through FTTH Modem.
c). Wireless Broadband connectivity:
1). Mobile Broadband: It used in mobile devices like mobile phone, tablets etc in
which modem is built in or USB dongle is used. It allows freedom to use internet
on move. It uses cellular network to data transfer. Its speed increases with
generations like 2G, 3G, and 4G.
2).Wi-MAX:Worldwide interoperability for MicrowaveAccess combines the benefits
of
wireless and broadband. It has a bandwidth up to 70 Mbps to a range of 45 KM.
3). Satellite Broadband: Very Small Aperture Terminal(VSAT) dishes and transceiver
are used to communicate with satellite. A modem links the transceiver to
computer. Its speed is up to 1Gbps and is more expensive one

Chapter 10. IT Applications
(+1. Computer Application Questions and answers from text book)

1. Name the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for

delivering government services to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and

transparent manner.

Ans. e-Governance.

2. Define the term e-Governance.

e-Governance is the application of ICT for delivering Government services to
citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner.

3. "e-Governance facilitates interaction between different stakeholders in
governance". Say whether the statement is True or False.

Ans. True

4. Give an example for an e-Governance website.

Examples of e-Government - can be various services offered for citizens or
businesses or between PA institutions, such as: e-procurement, filling tax returns,
renew ID, passport or driving licence etc

5. What is KSWAN?

Kerala State Wide Area Network(KSWAN) : It is the backbone of the State
Information Infrastructure(SII). It extended to all Districts, Blocks and Panchayaths.

6. The system of financial exchange between buyers and sellers in an online
environment is known as __________.

Ans. e-Commerce

7. Define e-Business.

e-Business is the sharing of business information , maintaining business
relationships and conducting business transactions by means ICT applications.

8. Define e-Banking.

e- Banking is the automatic delivery of banking services directly to customers
through electronic channels like internet.

9. Check whether the following statement is true or false. " e-Business is an extension
of e-Commerce".

Ans True

10. Real-time exchange of text messages between two or more persons over Internet is
termed _________.

Ans. Online chat

11. Pick the odd one out:

(a) e-Book reader

(b) e-Text

(c) television channels

(d) e-business

Ans. d

12. Define e-Text.

Textual information available in electronic format is called e-Text. This text can
be read and interacted with an electronic device like computer, e-Book reader, etc. e-
Text can be converted to various formats to our liking using softwares. e-Text can be
automatically read aloud with the help of a computer or an e-Text reader device. This
is quite helpful for visually challenged people

13. Give an example for an e-Learning tool.

youtube,google docs,

14. Name an electronic device using which we can easily read e-Text.

Ans. e -book reader

15. Write the full forms of BPO and KPO.

Ans. Business Process Outsourcing and Knowledge Process Outsourcing

16. Name any two e-Learning tools.

Ans. e-text,e-content

17. List out different types of interactions in e-Governance.

a). Government to Government (G2G) : It is the sharing of data/ information among
government agencies, department or organizations.

b). Government to Citizen (G2C): It create interface between the government and
citizen to increase the availability and accessibility of public services. Its primary
purpose is to make the Government citizen – friendly.

c). Government to Business: It is used to aid the business community to interact with
the Government . Its objectives are to cut red-tapism, save time and cost and create
more transparent business environment.

d). Government to Employee: The Government policies and guidelines for
implementing various government programs are made available to employees as
orders and circulars. Employees salary and personal details are also managed through
it.

18. Differentiate between BPO and KPO.

The process of hiring a third party service provider to do the operations and
responsibilities of specific business functions. It may also involve transferring of
employees and asset from one firm to another. It increases the efficiency in services
and saves cost.
Eg. Costumer care service.

Knowledge and information related work is carried out by different company or
subsidiary within the organization. It includes data search, data integration , market
search etc.

19. What are the advantages of e-Governance?

i). Leads to automation of government services.
ii). Strengthen Democracy
iii). More transparency in the functioning
iv). Increase the responsibility of government departments
v). Saves unnecessary visit to government offices

20. What are the duties of Akshaya?

Akshaya centres were initially launched in the year 2002 in the Malappuram
district in Kerala. Its intention was to impart e-Literacy to the citizens. Akshaya was
conceived as a landmark ICT project by the Kerala State Information Technology
Mission (KSITM) to bridge the digital divide and to bring the benefits of ICT to the
entire population of the State. The services include e-grantz, e-filing, e-district, e-
ticketing, submitting online application for ration card and electoral ID, Aadhaar
enrolment, Aadhaar based services, insurance and banking services.

21. Write down the function of Call centres.

A call centre( also called service centre, sales centre, contact centre etc..) is a
telephone service facility set up to handle a large number of incoming and outgoing
calls for supporting various responsibilities of an organization.

22. What are the major challenges faced in the implementation of e-Learning ?

Face to face contact between students and teachers is not possible.

• Proper interaction among teachers and students are often limited due to the lack
of infrastructural facilities.

• Equipment and technology (computer and high speed Internet) requirement restrict
adoption of e-Learning.

• Learners who require constant motivation may not be serviced adequately.

• Hands-on practicals in real laboratory scenario is also a constraint in e-Learning

23. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of implementing e-Business?

It overcomes geographical limitations. If you have a physical store, you are
limited by the geographical area where you can provide service. But with e-
Commerce, this limitation can be overcome.

• e-Business reduces the operational cost. An e-Commerce merchant does not need a
prominent physical location; it reduces the operational cost. A portion of money thus
saved can be passed on to the customers in the form of discounts.

• It minimises travel time and cost. Sometimes customers have to travel long distances
to reach their preferred store. e-Business allows them to visit the same store virtually.

• It remains open all the time. e-Business application services are always open (24×7).
From the merchant's point of view, it increases the number of service requests they
receive. From the customer's point of view an 'always open' store is more convenient.

• We can locate the product quicker from a wider range of choices. On an e-Business
website the consumers can have a wider range of choices of a product from various
sellers. Customers can quickly locate their preferences from the given product lists.
Some websites remember customer preferences and shopping lists to facilitate repeat

purchase. The features like product characteristics and price comparisons are the other
attractions of e-Business applications.

24. Explain any three IT enabled services in detail.

Teleconferencing is a meeting or conference held between two or more parties
in remote locations by use of IT infra structure and services.

Video conferencing is a type of teleconferencing in which the video of the parties
involved in the conference is also included. A video camera and microphone and
communication system is needed.
Both Teleconferencing and video conferencing will save time and travel expense.

A call centre( also called service centre, sales centre, contact centre etc..) is a
telephone service facility set up to handle a large number of incoming and outgoing
calls for supporting various responsibilities of an organization.

25. Discuss in detail various uses of IT in health care field.

a) Medical equipments: Most of the modern medical equipments like scanners ,
computer guided equipments, hand held equipment like sugar level monitors etc uses
micro processors.

b). Electronic Medical Record(EMR): Now patients medical records are stored in
digital format. It is economic, environmental friendly and can easily transfer to
personal and institutions.

c). Telemedicine: It is used to share observations and prescriptions with experts in
the medical field . Here distance is not a limitation. It reduces time and cost. Wireless
transmission helps medical personnel and hospitals to keep in touch in emergency.

d). Research and development: Today, drugs meant for specific purposes can be
design and developed with use of advanced computers. It reduces much time and cost
for developing them.

26. What is Common Service Centre (CSC)? List some of the services offered
through CSC.

Common Service Centre(CSC): It is the front end delivery point of the
government. It offers web enabled government services to rural areas. It helps to pay

bills, generating certificates , submitting online applications, e-ticket etc.. eg.
Akshaya

Other services that could be offered through CSC are listed below:
• Agriculture services
• Education and training services
• Health services
• Rural banking and insurance services
• Entertainment services
• Commercial services

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