INSIDETHEMINDOF A CHAMPIONISSUE 24 JAN 2026TOKJANGGUTMALAYWARRIORHEROES:JSI1105AARCHIVALDOCUMENTCASESTUDY
Nur Ameera Rabiahbinti Abdul Murad2023892994Hairun Nadhirah BintiMohd Harul2023641114Adam Haikal binLukman2023450384Nur Alisha Wahidabinti Rosly2023822048PREPAREDBY:PREPAREDFOR:DR.NOORSIAHBINTIJAMALUDIN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our lecturer for the subjectIMD313, Puan Siti Noorsiah binti Jamaluddin, for her guidance, support, andvaluable knowledge throughout the completion of this assignment. Herexplanations and feedback have greatly helped us in understanding thesubject and improving the quality of our work.We would also like to thank our classmates and everyone who contributeddirectly or indirectly by sharing ideas, information, and encouragement. Lastly,our appreciation goes to our family and friends for their continuous supportand motivation throughout this assignment.
TABLE OF CONTENTS1-4 PROLOGUE5-6CHAPTER 1BACKGROUND ANDLEADERSHIP OFTOK JANGGUT7-15CHAPTER 2RESISTANCE AGAINSTBRITISH RULE16-19CHAPTER 3CONFLICT, DEATH, ANDLEGACY20-21VALUE &SIGNIFICANCE22-26IMPACT &RELEVANCES27 CONCLUSION
EXPLANATORYNOTES1.1 PURPOSE OFTHE CASE STUDYto explore and research about a MalaysianHistorical Figure, Haji Hassan bin Munas,historically known as Tok Janggut.learn more about him during the 1915 antiBritish uprising in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan.1.3 SCOPE OFTHETASKfocuses on the analysis of a curatedselection of archival materials retrievedfrom the National Archives of Malaysia,specifically concerning the 1915 TokJanggut Uprising in Pasir Puteh,Kelantan.OBJECTIVESidentify and describearchival documentsrelated to TokJanggut from theNational Archives.analyze content andcontext of documentsto understand historyaccuratelyevaluate historical value ofthese records and theirrelevance to modernMalaysian history.1
SOURCES2. Online Digital repositoriesOnline platforms that store and provideaccess to digital historical materials suchas documents, photographs, and records.These repositories make it easier forresearchers and students to findinformation without visiting physicalarchives. Examples of online digitalrepositories include OFA (Online FindingAid) and COMPASS, which help userssearch for and access historical recordsrelated to figures like Tok Janggut andother important events in Malaysianhistory.1. The National Archive of MalaysiaThe official institution that collects,preserves, and manages importanthistorical records of the country. Itplays an important role in protectingoriginal documents and making themavailable for research.2
HISTORYOFTOKJANGGUTWHO IS HE?REAL NAME: HAJI MOHD HASSAN BIN PANGLIMA MAT MUNASYEAR OF BIRTH: 1853PLACE BORN: KAMPUNG SARING, JERAM, PASIR PUTEH, KELANTAN.EDUCATION: ISLAMIC STUDIES AT MECCA, MASTERED THE MARTIAL ARTS OF SILATDEATH: DIED AT 24 OF MAY 1915,FIGHTING IN THE BATTLE AT KAMPUNG DALAM PUPUH.THHIS STRUGGLES INCLUDED:OPPOSING THE TAX SYSTEM THAT OPPRESSED THE PEOPLE.DEFENDING LOCAL HONOR AND SOVEREIGNTY.TAKING OVER THE ADMINISTRATION OF PASIR PUTEH AND CHALLENGING BRITISHAUTHORITY.FIGHTING FOR RELIGION AND LAUNCHING A JIHAD AGAINST THE COLONIZERS.CONFRONTING ELITE BRITISH TROOPS (INCLUDING REINFORCEMENTS FROM SINGAPORE).3
Tax protest: In 1915, the people of Pasir Puteh, Kelantan, were pushed to their limits byburdensome land tax regulations introduced by British colonialists. This hardship wasworsened by the incompetence of the District Officer, Encik Abdul Latiff, and a period ofsevere crop failure that left farmers unable to pay. Facing the threat of arrest and fines, TokJanggut and his followers do protest against these regulations. Beyond the financialburden, they viewed the taxes as a colonial strategy to seize land ownership and strip thestate of its sovereignty.Death of Sergeant Sulaiman: Sergeant Sulaiman had a struggle in arresting TokJanggutand died during their fight. The British offered a reward of 500 dollars for anyonewho could capture him and his followers.Declaration of Sultan Kelantan to Tok Janggut: Because of the pressured from the British,Sultan of Kelantan should declare Tok Janggut and his followers as rebels or traitors.British Response & Burning of Houses (May 1915): The British dispatched the army fromSingapore. They started to burn down the homes of Tok Janggut and all of his followers inJeram when they went into hiding.The fall of the freedom fighter, Tok Janggut: On 24 May 1915, Tok Janggut led his battleagainst the British army at Kampung Dalam Pupuh. On this battle, Tok Janggut was killedand his body hung upside down in Padang Merdeka by the British army as a warning.HISTORYOFTHEEVENTS4
CHAPTER1:BACKGROUNDANDLEADERSHIPOFTOKJANGGUT5
Title: Dokumentasi Lisan Tok Janggut bersama denganPak Teh Man, Wakaf Buluh Kelantan, 18 November 2005Accession no: 2007/0050853WDescription:Dokumentasi lisan Tok Janggut bersama dengan Pak TehMan, wakaf buluh Kelantan, 18 November 2005 vhsrecorded on 18/11/2005, at his residence in wakafBunut, Pasir Putih, Kelantan. Contains background ofPak Teh man or Tuan Haji Abdul Rahman bin AwangKecil and Tok Janggut or Tuan Haji Mat Hassan whomalso from royal ancestry; a local people lived in the eraof Tok Janggut movement in Kelantan; the story aboutthe arrestment of Tok Janggut by the government andMalay force from Pasir Puteh Kelantan; refusal to paytaxes caused the arrestment; witnessed one of thepolice sergeant being stabbed by Tok Janggut in KotaBharu and in Padang Perdana; Tok Janggut fled to PasirPekan and disguised as a merchant by the name of TokPanjang until he passed away; personality andinformation about Tok Janggut.Figure 1: Video documentation of Tok Janggutofficially recorded and issued by NationalArchive of Malaysia during oraldocumentation with Pak Teh Man wasconducted.6
CHAPTER2:RESISTANCEAGAINSTBRITISHRULE7
Title: Seminar Dan Pameran Perjuangan Tok Janggut DiBalai Islam Lundang Kota Bharu, Kelantan 27/8/96Accession no: 1997/0000619WDescription:Seminar dan pameran perjuangan tok janggut vhs tapeheld on 27 august 1996 at balai islam lundang kotabharu, kelantan. Officiating: y.a.b. tuan guru datuk hajinik abdul aziz b. Nik mat, kelantan chief minister;speaker: datuk haji mohamed idris; chairman: tuan hajizulkifli yusof. Contains prayer recital, poetrydeclamation, opening ceremony, gift giving ceremony,footage of tuan guru nik aziz visit the exhibition of thefight of tok janggut, historical pictures on tok janggut,narration by narrator on his experience in battletowards independence.Figure 2: Video seminar of thestruggle of Tok JanggutThe video was officially recorded and issuedby National Archive of Malaysia during theseminar and exhibition conducted.8
Title: Pemberontakan Tok Janggut bukan kisah dongengoleh Haji Hussein Latiffi Yahaya. Utusan Malaysia, 19Mac 1977Accession number: 2002/0006625Description:Pemberontakan Tok Janggut bukan kisah dongeng olehHaji Hussein Latiffi Yahaya. Utusan Malaysia, 19 Mac1977 newspaper cutting on 19/03/1997, This oraldocumentation presents information on Tok Janggut,also known as Tuan Haji Mat Hassan, focusing on hisbackground, personality, and role in the resistancemovement in Kelantan. It includes accounts of hisrefusal to pay taxes, the events leading to his arrest,confrontations with colonial authorities, and his escapewhile disguising himself as a merchant. The recordingserves as a historical reference on Tok Janggut’scontribution to anti-colonial resistance in Malaysia.Figure 3: Newspaper ofTok Janggut rebellionThis newspaper clipping was created byUtusan Malaysia, and it is personal lettersowned by Tan Sri, Dato’ Abdullah Bin Ahmad(Kok Lanas).9
Title: 'TOK JANGGUT', [T.T]Accession Number: 2011/0014460WDescription:Tok Janggut was an influential leader from Kelantanwho opposed British colonial rule in response to theimposition of excessive taxes.Figure 4: Magazine of the Tok JanggutThis magazine is personal letters ownedby Raja Hamzah bin Raja Johari.10
Title: Anggota Polis Terenganu Dalam Satu PerbarisanSekembalinya Dari Kebangkitan Tok Janggut DalamTahun 1928.Accession Number: 1998/0005693WDescription:This record group comprises files related toappointments within the Kelantan Government service,as well as matters concerning meetings between theSultan of Kelantan and the British Adviser, particularly inrelation to the issuance of arrest warrants against TokJanggut, who was regarded as a rebel in Pasir Putih,through notices officially gazetted by the Balai Office.Figure 5: photo of Terengganu PoliceOfficers in a Parade once their Returnfrom the Tok Janggut Uprising in 192811This photo picture events are originallyfrom Muzium Polis.
Title: Deraf Kertas Kerja,'Penjajahan, Perang DuniaPertama Dan Kebangkitan Tok Janggut di Kelantan(1915), Oleh Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud, Jabatan Sejarah,UkmAccession Number: 2011/0014460WDescription:This material explains the background of the TokJanggut uprising as a response to changes in Britishadministration in Kelantan in the early twentieth century.The introduction of new taxation measures and the 1914Land Regulations imposed heavy burdens on the ruralpopulation and weakened the position of local chiefs,thereby triggering resistance in Pasir Puteh in 1915.Although the uprising was eventually suppressed by theBritish authorities, it reflects local opposition to colonialpolicies.Figure 8:Draft of the uprising Tok Janggut12This working paper is personal lettersowned by Prof, Dato’ Nik Anuar bin NikMahmud.
Title: A Kelantanese Manuscript Cerita Tok JanggutEarly 20 Century KelantanthAccession number: 2003/0003406WDescription:a story of Kelantanese warrior who pursuing for theindependence during British Colonization in 1915.Figure 9:Manuscript of Tok Janggut history13This manuscript is owned by District andLand Office.
Title: Peperangan Tok Janggut Atau Balasan DerhakaTahun 1955Accession Number: 2016/0000051WDescription:Tok Janggut is a Kelantan warrior who has foughtagainst the British colonization because of the taxesthat has been charged by them and pursuing to fightfor independence of Pasir Puteh, Kelantan.Figure 11: Document record rebellion of TokJanggut14This document is personal collectionowned by Zakaria bin Mohamed.
Title: Tok Janggut Pejuang Atau Penderhaka? - NikAnuar Nik Mahmud.Accession Number: 2011/0001144WDescription:Tok Janggut are known as warrior of Kelantan who dorebels against the colonization of British due to theburdensome taxes in 1915.Figure 12: written book that discussabout Tok Janggut15It is a document written by Prof, Dato’ NikAnuar bin Nik Mahmud.
CHAPTER3:CONFLICT,DEATH,ANDLEGACY16
Title: Makam Tok JanggutAccession Number: 2001/0048562WDescription:After he died during the battle of Tok Janggut withBritish army at Kampung Dalam Pupuh. The burialsite or‘Makam Tok Janggut’ is located at KampungTok Janggut, Pasir Pekan, Tumpat, Kelantan.Figure 6:photo burial site of Tok Janggut17The photo picture was officially owned byNational Archive of Malaysia.
Title: Kematian Pa'ia, Orang Kanan Tok Janggut, T.T.Accession Number: 2006/0027645WDescription:Pa’ia is the right-hand man of Tok Janggut and was oneof the most loyal followers of Tok Janggut. Pa’ia is aperson who is responsible as a military leader that makea stategic military action also died in the final battle atKampung Dalam Pupuh on 25 May 1915.Figure 7:Photo of Pa’ia right-hand man ofTok Janggut, death18The photo picture was officially owned byJabatan Penerangan Malaysia.
Title: A Piece Of Land 11 Acres in Extent JointhyOwned by Talib Bin Musa Ibrahim Bin Musa. ReportsThat Ibrahim Was A Conspirator in Tok Janggut Vising& Enquires Whether This Is to be Given to the Heirs orto be Registered in the name of Talip.Accession Number: 1957/0504620WDescription:This document contain information of administrativecase regarding the land that owned by Tok Janggut.Figure 11:Documentrecordrebellion of TokJanggut19This document report is officially sent fromBritish Adviser’s Office in Kelantan
VALUE&SIGNIFICANCE20
RICH OF HISTORICAL VALUEThe document contain a lot of historical events thatare related to the battle of Tok Janggut. Thesedocuments provide detail and trusted information tounderstand and internalise history of the Tok Janggut.SYMBOL OF HEROICI.The decision, protest and rebellion of Tok Janggutmakes younger generation appreciate and respect forhis braveness in fight during the British Colonization.FOSTER A SENSE OF UNITYThe collective struggle of Malay people to fightindependence, symbolised the importance of unity tolive in harmony.RISE OF FIGHTING SPIRITThe story of our heroes could inspire the youth toenlist in the security services for fight and safeguardthe nation.21
IMPACT&RELEVANCES22
IMPACT OF STRUGGLE OFTOK JANGGUTTO THENATIONEDUCATIONAL IMPACTImplementation in Curriculum: Tok Janggut's strugglewas include in one of the core subjects in Malaysia. Itserving as a primary example of early anti-colonialismfor younger generations. It teaches students moralvalue from the historical events.Historical Reassessment: Modern educationalencourages students to analyse as a pro-nationalistmovement which help in critical thinking for futureindependence struggles and increase patriotism inthemselves.Taxation Reform: The history of rebellionlater influenced our minister to be morecautious approaches to fiscal changes inenactment of regulation that will help andnot act as a burden to our people inMalaysia.ECONOMIC IMPACT23
IMPACT OF STRUGGLE OFTOK JANGGUTTO THENATIONPOLITICAL IMPACTPolitical Consciousness: locals were willing toorganize and promote their interests protestthe ruling class if those interests wereneglected and burdensome.As a Heroic symbol: Tok Janggut become someonewho are well respected as hero and making him asa symbol of Malay-Islamic resistance against theforeign rule. This continues to inspire Malayliterature and martial arts today.Islamic Identity: Tok Janggut is remembered notjust as a fighter, but also as an ulama or religiousscholar. For religious scholar, fighting againstforeign rule and protecting the country was areligious duty (jihad).NATIONAL AND CULTURAL IMPACT24
RELEVANCETOMALAYSIA TODAYACT AS HISTORICAL REFERENCEcontain permanent value whereMalaysian people could understandand refer to improve and protectnational sovereignty.This is because archive records are primaryresources that explain details real scenario ofthe event. It also could be used in legal sectionsor to be used in political proceedings.ACT AS EVIDENCEhighlights Malaysia’s rich civilization and history to the world. Their information could be used todescribe at the site such as Pasir Puteh for tourism purposes. by preserving these records, TokJanggut’s sacrifice remains a permanent symbol of the nation’s history and leave impact to culturaldignity.PRESERVING CULTURE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY25
RELEVANCETOMALAYSIA TODAYFOR RESEARCH AND ACADEMICPURPOSESessential for researcher to doanalysing are researching aboutrelated event.These records are suitable foreducational purposes to teach peoplehistorical value, awareness and couldbe used to teach communityregarding national heritage.Teach community relevant values whichincludes the importance of pursuingjustice, be brave to stands for the right,teach patriotism and having fairtreatment for all side.It also helps people in critical thinking toprevent from repeated mistakes.PUBLIC AWARENESS26
CONCLUSIONIn summary, finding aids is a tool that assist users, particularly researchers toinvestigate historical events or memorials efficiently. This is because, using finding aidscould help user locate required primary source materials quicker. By providingdetailed metadata that also includes the creator's history, the scope of the content, andthe physical location of records which allow researchers to quickly identify, assess, andanalyse the relevance of a collection before committing to a full review. It is a crucial toolto implement in archive as it maintains intellectual control over collections to the staff.This control helps archive staff in manage sensitive information through accessrestrictions and ensures the long-term preservation of cultural heritage documents.As a user, it is important to utilise finding aids to the fullest as it is providing evidence forunderstanding historical moments and locate the documents that can fulfil our needs.27
INSIDETHEMINDOF A CHAMPIONISSUE 24 JAN 2026THANKYOU\"True leadership is not found in titles, but in the courageto stand for the rights of the common people.\"