Computer Notes MFS Booklet Class 9th.compressed

IX- Computer Chapter # 7 Page # 251

(iv) The command displays the DOS version number is:

(a)VERS (b) VERSION (c) VER (d) VOL

(v) The command that copies full contents of a disk to another disk is:

(a) DISKCOPY (b) COPY (c) XCOPY (d) DISKCOMP

(vi) . Which switch of the format command copies system files on the disk

and make it bootable.

(a)/p (b) Ix (c) /s (d) 0

(vii) Which translator' translates and executes each program statement one

at a time. (2012)

(a) compiler (b) assemble (c) interpreter (d) editor

(viii) The-root directory is indicated by:

(a) \p (b) / (c)/s (d)/>

ix) The command that deletes directories and their contents is:

(2013,2010)

(a) DEL (b) RD (c) RMDIR (d) DELTREE

7.7 QUESTIONS FROM PAST PAPERS:
YEAR 2014:
Section "A" (Multiple Choice Questions) - (MCQs)

Q.l (xiii) The range of months in date command is

* 0 – 12 * 0 – II * /-/2 * 1 – 11

Section "B"(Short -Answer Questions)

Q.8 Differentiate between internal and external commands,

,Section "C" (Detailed-Answer Questions) (No Questions)

YEAR,'2013:
“e tio A Multiple Choice Questions) - (MCQs)

Q.l(xv) The command that deletes directories and their content is:

*DEL * THREE * DEL TREE * RMlDIR

Section "B" (Short -Answer Questions) (No Questions)

section "C" (Detailed-Answer Questions)

Q.16(b) What is an Operating System? Write down the characteristics of DOS?

Q.17(a) Define Software. Discuss different types of software.

YEAR 2012:

Section "A" (Multiple Choice Questions) - (MCQs)

Q.l(xii) Command is used to show the content soft ext file:

* RUN * TREE * TYPE * PATH

(xiii) A language translator which translates one instruction at-a time is called:

* Compiler * Interpreter * Assembler' * All of these

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Section "B" (Short -Answer Questions) (No Questions)
Section "C" (Detailed-Answer Questions)
Q.15(a) Define a Language Translator' and write its types.

Q.16(a)(i) DOS and Windows Operating System
(ii) Internal and External Commands of DOS.

YEAR 2011 :

Section "A" (Multiple Choice Questions) - (MCQs)

Q.l(ix) The program directly related to the computer hardware, controlling and

utilizing them are known as:

* System Software. *Operating System

*Application Software *Special purpose Software

(x) An operating system is a:

** Set of users *Supervisor program

* Application software *Set of program

(xi) the command that creates a new director is :

MAKEDIR' .' * MDIR * MKD * MKDIR

Section B"(Short -Answer Questions)

Q.7 what do you need Language Translator?
Q:13.What are wildcard chara te s ?Write the uses of them.
“e tio C Detailed - Answer Questions)

Q.17(a)What is the difference between DOS and Window Operating

System?

YEAR 2010:
Sectio A Multiple Choice Questions) - (MCQs)
Q.l(x iii) The command that deletes directories and their content is:
*DELL** *RDALL * RMDIR * DEL TREE

“e tio s (Short-Answer Questions)
Q.2 Describe general and special purposes of Software
(xi) Define an Operating System.
Section "C (Detailed-answer Questions) (No Questions)

YEAR 2009
Sectio A",(Multiple-Choice Questions) - (MCQs)
Q.l(ii)________ is a .set of electronic instructions used to instruct the computer
to do what is required.
*High level program * Programming * Program * Low level program
(xv)_______is a set of programs that controls and supervises the operations of
the computer.
*Disk Operating System *Operating System
*Programming System * None of above

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Section B"(Short -Answer Questions) (No Questions)
“e tio C Detailed - Answer Questions) (No Questions)

7.8 ADDITIONAL MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

(1) _______DOS prompt can be changed by the _______command.

(a) Type (b) DIR' (c) Prompt (d) VOL

(2) _____ command only displays disk label.

(a) LABEL (b) VOL (c) Display (d) DIR

(3) Maximum __________characters can be used in a label name.

(a)8 (b)2 (c)16 (d)11

(4) We can change a file name by using____________ command in Dos.

(a) NAME (b) RENAME OR REN

(c)LABEL (D)None of above

(5) ______ command displays the Dos version number.

(a)Version (b) VER (c) Prompt (d) DIR

(6) _____________command displays the list of all programs in BASIC

language.

(a) DIR * . * (b) DIR *.BAS (c) Files (d) DIR

(7) Subdirectories can be created by using_______ command. (2011)

(a) MAKE DIR (b) MKDIR (c) COPY CON (d) None of the above

(8) Low Level Languages are also called __________Languages.

(a) High level (b) Machine (c) Assembly. (d) None-of the above

(9) High Level Languages is also called _________Language. (2012)

(a). English oriented (b) Machine

(c) Assembly (d) None of the above

(10) DOS is a / an____________.

(a) Operating system (b) Application software

(c) Programming language (d) None of the above

(11) All internal Commands of DOS are stored in a file called____________.

(a) MS-DOS (b) Command.com

(c)I/O (d) None of the above

(12) DIR is the abbreviation of__________.

(a) Disk Identification Report (b) Disk Information Report
(c) Digital Information Report (d) None of the above –

(13) DIR Command is an/a________ Command.

(a) External (b) Internal (c). Common (d) None of the above

(14) CLS is used to____________.

(a) Clears the screen (b) Clear the memory

(c) Clears the system (d) None of the above

(15) The". "and" * " are called___________.

(a) Struck and question mark (b) Special characters

(c) .Wild cards characters (d) All of the above

(16) PROMPT command is used to change ______Prompt.

(a) BASIC (b) DOS (c) WORD (d) None of the above

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(17) MD Command is used to make a __________in DOS.

(a) Drive. (b) Directory (c) Disk useable (d) None of the above

(18) RD Command is used to ____________a Sub-Directory.

(a) Reused (b) Restore (c) Remove(d) None of the above

(19) LABEL Command is an/a ____________Command.

(a) Internal (b) External (c) System (d) None of the above

(20) The process of eliminating the errors from the program is known

as__________.

(a) Bugging (b) Debugging (c) Finding (d) None of the above

(21) The set of instructions under which the computer system works is

called________.

(a) Program (b) Software (c) Hardware (d) None of the above.;
(22) There are two main- types of software s, ____and ____.

(a)Utility & data management software s
(b) Utility & Appli atio soft a e s-
(c)System & Application software’s

(d) None of the above

(23) Creates a link between computer users and computer hardware.

(a) Language-translator (b) Commands

(c)An operating system (d) Editors.

(24) DOS is a/an___________.

(a) Application software (b) Operating system

(c) Prompt (d) None of the them

(25) The users store all the work and programs in the form of ________in

DOS on storage devices.

(a) Files (b) Directories (c) Folder (d) None of the them

(26) There are________ types of wild cards characters.

(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d)Five

(27) The main directory, called the _______.

(a) Root directory (b) Prompt directory

(c) Sub directory (d) None of them

(28) Internal commands are saved in _______.

(a)ROM (b) RAM (c) Disk. (d) None of' them

(29) ___________command. is used to change the name of a file.

(a)DIR (b) TYPE (e) REN (d) None of them

(30) _________ command. is used to copy file or files from 1 location to

another on a disk.

(a) RD (b) DELL (c) DELL TREE (d) None of them

(31) ________copies all the contents of a disk to another.

(a) Copy -, (b) X Copy' (c) Disk copy (d) None of them

(32) ___________is a set of electronic instructions used to instruct the

computer to do what is required.

(a) High level program (b) Programming

(e) Program (d) Low level program

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(33) The command that deleted directories and their contents is___. (2010)

(a) DEL * . * (b) RDALL (c)RMDIR (d)DEL TREE

(34) An operating system is a: (2011)

(a) Set of user (b) Supervisor Program

(c)Application Software (d) Set of Program

(35) This command is used to execute a program: (2012)

(a) LOAD ., (b) LIST. (c) RUN (d) SAVE

(36) The category of computer application software is:

(a) MS-Word (b) Windows (c) Dos (d)None of these

(37) Commend is used to show the contents of text file:

(a)RUN (b)'TREE (c) TYPE (d)PATH

(38) An operating system is a: (2012)

(a)Set of Program.: (b) Set of User

(c) Supervisor Program (d) Application Software

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CHAPTER-8
INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS

OPERATING SYSTEM
CLASS-IX

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INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM

CONTENTS

8.1 Windows Operating System. Page # 3

8.2 Function of an Operating System. Page # 4

8.3 Types of an Operating System. Page # 4

8.4 Properties of an Operating System. Page # 4

8.5 Windows Desktop. Page # 4

8.6 Icons of the Desktop. Page # 6

8.7 Control Panel with is Icons. Page # 8

8.8 Installation Procedure of Windows. Page # 10

8.9 Windows Explorer. Page # 11

8.10 Windows. Page # 11

8.11 Computer Virus. Page # 23

8.12 Anti Virus. Page # 24

8.13 Exercise. Page # 25

8.14 Multiple Choice Question (MCQs) Page # 34

8.1 Windows Operation System: (2009)
Windows operating system was developed by Microsoft, by integrating

the DOS and Windows features in order to give a user-friendly environment. All
applications running under this environment essentially use similar operations
there by ensuring that the user is comfortable is the basic handling of all
applications. Microsoft Windows 98 is still a popular operating system for
desktop and portable is comfortable microcomputer, supporting all Kinds of
hardware and application software.

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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUL):

The most widely used type of Graphical User Interfaces is WIMP system

.WIMP stand for Windows Icon Menu Pointer, Option represented by small
pi tu e o I o s a a ged i side e ta gula o alled Wi do s. Wi do s is

an operating system developed by Microsoft, an American Software Company.

The main advantage of GUI is that it is very easy to use, specially for a

beginner. The main disadvantage is the amount of memory space it need. A

GUI like Windows needs a lot of RAM to run properly. Beside using up a lot of

RAM, GUI also takes up a large amount of hard disk space.

Earlier versions of windows (like 3.x) were loosely based on DOS. It is

not a true operating system in itself. Windows started as a true operating

system in 1995 with the first version called Windows -95. It has gone through

gradual up- gradation such as Windows -97, Windows -98, Windows NT,

Windows 2000, and Windows XP.

8.2 FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM:
Provides the instructions to display the on screen elements. With which

to interact. Loads program such as word processing, spread sheet program into
the o pute s e o fo use. Coordinates how program work with Central
Processing Unit, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer and other hardware and software.
Manages the way the information is stored and retrieved from disks.
8.3 TYPES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM:

These are three types of an operating system.
(1) SINGLE USER SINGLE TASKING:

In these types of operating system, only one user can perform only one
task at a time.
For example: DOS
(2) SINGLE USER MULTI TASKING:
In this types of operating system, only one user can perform more then
one task at a time.
For example: Windows 95
(3) MULTI USER MULTI TASKING:
In this types of operating system, more then one user can perform more
then one task at a time.
Through networking. For example: Windows NT

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8.4 PROPERTIES OF WINDOWS OPERATNG SYSTEM:

1. Windows 95 or 98 is first landed on to the hard disk of your computer
using rather floppies or CDs. The loading is achieved by using the SETUP
command and the user can easily perform the consequent action by
following the instructions that appear on the screen.

2. Windows 95 requires at least 8 MB of RAM while windows 98 requires
16 MB RAM.

3. For starting operations, switch on your computer, windows will be
loaded and you will see a Desktop as shown below, By default this
taskbar appears at the bottom of the Desktop screen. Above that the
icons (graphical representation of tasks that can be executed by point
and click of the mouse) appear.

8.5 WINDOWS DESKTOP:

THE Desktop appears when you load windows. This contains small
pictures or graphic object and a bar at the bottom.

The bar has a start button and other things on it. The screen is called
Desktop because it looks like a desk with items you might have on your own
personal desk.

ELEMENTS/Items of Windows Desktop:

There are three elements of windows desktop.

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(1) ICONS:- (2011)
ICONS are small colorful graphical objects/pictures such as My

Computer, a Recycle Bin, My Briefcase on the Desktop. These

objects are called ICONS meaning images. ICONS represent the

part of the computer system when you work using a GUI. An ICON

is used to carry out specific task on the desktop with the help of a

keyboard or a mouse. We can divide these ICONS into various

groups such as:

o System Icons
o Application Icons
o Folder Icons
o File Icons
o Drive Icons
o Command Icon

Working with ICON:

Selecting and activating an ICON:
1. To select an Icon of the desktop, move the mouse pointer to the

icon you want to select.
2. Crick the left button of the mouse. This will change the color of

the icon: and select it.
3. Double click the left button of the mouse (in quick successions) to

open the file folder or program the ICON is representing or right
dick the ICON to display a menu, then left click the OPEN
command from the menu

Changing the Position of an ICON:

1. Select the icon whose position you want to change by left clicking
with the mouse.

2. Hold down left button of the mouse while moving the pointer to.
new location of the desktop or to the folder where you want to
place the icon.

3. Release the mouse button now.

4. Icon has been moved to a new location.

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Changing the name or label of an ICON:

1. Move mouse pointer to the icon whose name you want to change.
2. Click the right button of the mouse, a menu Will appear.
3. Click on the Rename command from It
4. Label of the icon will be highlighted and cursor will flash in it.
5. Now type the new name and press enter key at the end.
6; Name or label of the icon has been changed.

Deleting an Icon

1. Move mouse pointer to the icon which you want to delete.
2: Click the right button of the mouse, a menu will appear.
3. Click on the Delete. command from it.
4. Icon will be deleted.

(2) Taskbar:- (2011, 2008)

It is an element of windows Desktop that can be located at the
bottom of Desktop and you can move it to the top or either side of
the screen. Buttons representing programs currently running on
your computer. At the very left of the Taskbar is the Start button.
At the right side is an area called the System Tray.

(3) Start Button:
This button is a permanent button of the taskbar located at the lower left
corner of the Desktop screen. Click once on the start button the open a menu
of choices. Through this button we can open the programs-installed on your
computer. We can shutdown, restart and/or stand by the computer using the
start button. This button displays a menu- of choices.

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Start menu Choices

(1) Programs (5) Favourite
(2) Documents (6) Settings
(3) Find (7) Help
(4) Run (8) Shut down
8.6 ICONS OF THE DESKTOP:

The main Icons found on the desktop of Microsoft Windows are :
(1) My computer
(2) My documents
(3) My network places or network neighborhood
(4) Recycle bin

(1) My Computer : (2011)

My computer lets you browse the content of your computer. The common
tasks that we can perform through My computer are :

1. Access information stored as different storage devices commented with
the computer, such as a hard disk or a CD ROM.

2. Create, move ,copy, delete or rename files folders and programs from
one disk to another disk.

3. Execute or run programs from the disks.
4. Configure devices of the computer.
5. Add of remove a printer.

The following step may be followed to work through this icon:
1. Move mouse pointer to MY COMPUTER icon,
2. Double click to open it.
3. MY COMPUTE‘ WINDOW“ ill e displa ed.
4. To view information from any its icon , double click it to open.

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(2) MY DOCUMENTS: (2012,2011)
My DOCUMENTS is a desktop folder that provides a convenient place to
store documents, graphics, or other files that you want to access
quickly. On the desktop, it is represented by a folder with a sheet of
paper in it. When you save a file in a program such as WordPad or paint,
the file is by default saved in My Documents unless you choose a
different location.

The following steps may be followed to open a document from its
Windows.

1. Move mouse pointer to MY DOCUMENTS Icons.
2. Double click on it to open its windows.
3. Double click on any of its item to open it.

(3) My Network places/ Network Neighborhood:
Network is a group of computers that are connected with each other to share
data, information and resources of computer with each other. Recourses like
Printer CD-ROM and software can be shared with other users on a network.
Network Neighborhood displays information about the network, which
computer is connected to the network, lets you share file and folders, etc

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(4) Recycle Bin: (2012)
Recycle Bin makes it easy to delete and undelete files and folders. When a file
or folder is deleted from any location, Windows stores it in the Recycle
Bin. If a file is deleted accidentally, you can move it back from the
Recycle Bin. We can also empty Recycle Bin to save disk space.

Steps to move, a file to the Recycle Bin:
1. Select the file or folder you want to delete.
2. Click the right mouse button.
3. A menu will appear, choose Delete from it.
4. Windows will make confirmation by displaying dialog box.
5. Click on yes button.
6. File or folder will be deleted and moved to the Recycle Bin.

Steps to move back the file or folder from the Recycle Bin:

1. Open Recycle Bin' by double clicking on its icon.
2. Select the file or folder you want to move back.
3. Click the right mouse
4. A menu will appear, choose restore from it.
5. Windows will move the file or folder back to the location from

where it was deleted.

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8.7 CONTROL PANEL:

With the control panel, you change the system properties of your
computer. For example, you customize the way your mouse and keyboard
work, choose Display icon and customize the appearance of the desktop
using colour schemes, background patterns settings, screen saver etc.

To open control panel follow the steps.
1. Click on the start button.
2. Start menu will appear.
3. Choose setting from it.
4. A submenu will appear.
5. Click on Control Panel to open it.

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8.8 DEMONSTRATION OF INSTALLATION PROCEDURE OF WINDOWS:
The designers of Windows have worked hard to make the installation process,
as simple and trouble free as possible.

Hardware Requirement:

Minimum hardware requirement to install Windows is Pentium 1 computer
with 32 MB RAM, Attempt to install Windows on a lesser machine will make
the. Computer very slow to work, It also needs 450 to 500MB free hard disk
space.

Preliminaries:

Before installing any of the versions of Windows, there are several tasks you
need to undertake to ensure a smooth and safe installation. Some depend on
whether you want to. Install previous Version of Windows or perform a fresh
installation.

Boot Disk.

A boot disk is necessary only when you are doing a clean initiations of
Windows. You can use either a bootable CD-ROM or Floppy disk. Windows
installation CD is bootable.

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Create a Boot Disk:

Follow these steps to create a bootable floppy disk.

1. Click------> Start button ------>Settings------>Control Panel------>Add/
Remove Programs.

2. Click the Startup Disk tab and follow the instructions.

3. Put the Floppy disk in drive.

Step by step Installation:

Windows installation is an easy step-by-step procedure

1. Run an up-to-date virus-scanning Program:

2. Copy the entire Win98 folder from the CD-ROM to a folder on your hard
drive Name the folder something like Win98lns, for Win98source.

3. Restart your machine using either the bootable CD-ROM Or Floppy disk,

4. At the DOS prompt, change .to your source 1 directory. For example;
type CDWin98 Inst and press Enter key.

5. Type Setup and press Enter.

6. When Setup starts, it will run Scandisk program to check your drive.
When Scan disk finishes press. Exit-button.

7. You. will see the Windows Setup screen The left side of the screen,
including the estimated time. required to complete the installation. will
be visible through Out the setup process. Total time wary from 30 to
60 minutes or more, depending on the speed of your system.

8. Read the information presented in the dialog 'box, then click continues.
Windows 98 will perform a quick survey of your system, prepare the-
Setup Wizard and ask you to read and. consent to the license agreement
click Next to move on.

9. Setup will perform a more through check of your system including.
looking for installed components of Windows and making sure you
have enough hard disk, space to complete the installation.

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1O. A dialog box will ask you if you want the install program to save your
previous Windows system-files. These files make it possible to uninstall
Wi do s should. ou u i to t ou le, so It s a good idea to sele t
yes.

11. The next choice you have to make for a clean install only, about how
much of the operating system you want to Install. You, can select the
default option which is Typical.

12. Select the Basic Components to install windows.
13. The next dialog box asks you to give your computer name that identifies it.
14. The Setup program asks you If you .want to create a startup disk. so

you can boot your computer in case of trouble
15. The Setup wizard now needs to restart your computer and finish up.
16. After restart, Windows still has a few touches to make It will detect and

setup plug-and-play devices and other possible· hardware.

8.9 WINDOWS EXPLORER:.(2011,2010)

Windows explorer provides an Other Way· to view the contents of the disks and
its folders in a tree like Structure. We can navigate between files and folders
through explorer. Files, folders and programs can be moved, opened and
deleted through it.

STEP TO OPEN WINDOWS EXPLORER:

 Click on the start button and select programs menu
 From programs sub menu select accessories
 From accessories submenu click on the windows explorer

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8.10 WINDOW:

When you open something on your computer like a program a document, or a
web browser, it appears on your desktop inside a window. There are two types
of windows program windows which-contain a program such as Microsoft
Word, and document windows which contain document a inside a program
window, You can have several documents open in one program window, for
example you can have more than, one Microsoft Power point presentation file
open at a time within the Power Point program window. The following
illustration shows the parts of a typical window.

Managing files and folders:-

FILE:-
A computer file contains data and information. A file can be a

documents, report, graphics, image, sound, video created using different
software. Windows represents file with different icon.

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FOLDER:-

A folder is like a subdirectory in DOS. Folder are used in windows to store and
manage files. A folders contains and other folders. Every folder is identified by
a label. The icons of the folder has a yellow colour and looks like and office
folder.

OPEARATIONS PERFORMED ON FILES AND FOLDERS:-

Some o f the common operation performed on file or folders are:

Creating Copy of a disk:-

In MY COMPUTER or in the right pane of the windows explorer, click icon on
the disk you want to copy.

1. on the file menu, click on the copy disk
2. IN copy from, click on the derived you want to copy from
3. in copy to, click the derived you want to copy to
4. Click the start button to start coping files

Creating Copy of a File or Folder:-

1. In MY COMPUTER or Windows Explorer, click the file or folder you
want to copy.

2. On the Edit menu, click Copy. or. click the Copy button from toolbar
3. Open the folder or disk where you want to put the copy.
4. On the Edit menu, click Paste or press the paste button from the.

toolbar.

Moving Files or Folders:-.

1. In MY,COMPUTER or Windows explorer, select the file or folder you
want to copy.

2. ON the. Edit menu, click Cut or click the -Scissors button from
toolbar.

3. Open the folder or dicks where you want to move the file Of folder.
4. On the Edit menu, click Paste or press the paste. button from the

toolbar

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Creating a Folder:-

In MY COMPUTER or WINDOWS EXPLORER, select the' drive where
want to create the new folder.
1. In the File menu, click on the New and then click on Folder.
2. The new folder appears with the temporary name.
3. Type a suitable name for the new folder and press the Enter key

Start Button:-

1. The Start button is a permanent button, of the task bar located at its
left end.
This button activates the main menu of windows known as Start
menu

2. The start menu such as other programs or documents you use every
day
The following are descriptions of the commands on the Default Star
menu.

Run: Opens the Run dialog box. You can type in the name of a program,

folder document, or Internet resource and Windows 98 will open it for you
There is also a Browse button to help. you find what you want open It is
use to execute a command or program directly instead of using the icon or
program menu.

Settings: Open cascading menu with commands to open the control

panel folder, Printers -folder, Taskbar Properties dialog box Folder options
dialog box, and Active Desktop Commands.

Documents: quick access to the last 15 files that you have opened, as

well as a shortcut to the My Documents Folder.

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Favorites: opens a cascading menu, which helps you quickly access your

Web page subscriptions, Active Channel subscriptions, and My Documents
Folder.

Programs Opens the Programs menu which contains shortcuts to the

software, programs in your, computer or that are available on your
computer network including Windows Explorer and the-Windows 98
accessories.

SHUTDOWN

Shutdown is a process in which computer closes all programs currently running
and discount the devices connected with. it and turns it off.

Windows operating, system requires proper Shutdown of the computer, so
that it safely closes all-programs running and perform system check. Following
steps are followed to Shutdown the computer:

1. Click on the start button to open the Start menu.

2. Click on the Shutdown

3. Choose the Shutdown option from the list and click OK button.

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BENEFITING FROM HELP AND WINDOWS EXPLORER

Windows 98 includes several-tools to help you find things you need on the
computer and an excellent online Help system that has information for all
levels of users, from those, exploring Windows for the first time to those who
need access to detailed technical support.

Using Find / Search:

If you need a file or program stored on your computer or network, but you
cannot remember its name or location use the Find File command. Click the
Start button point to Find and then click Files or Folders. When you choose
this command from the Start menu the Find dialog box opens:

From this dialog box you can find the file or program based on several types of
search criteria such as the file format type a partial filename or words in a
file. The more specific you can makes the search, the faster the search results
are displayed For example if you know the document you are looking for is a
Microsoft Word document it. contains the word "vitae" and it is, on your
computer you could choose doc from the drop down List for the Named field,
type vitae in the Containing text field and select our hard drive in the Look. In
field before pressing Find Now to start the search When the search is
completed a list of files and folders matching your criteria appears in the field
at the bottom of the Find dialog box.

Open the files or folders in this field by clicking on the file or folder
(double-click if you are using Classic style). You can also right-click the file
or folder for more options, such as printing it (for files), moving or copying
it, or deleting it.

The following options are also available for the find command on the start
menu.

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Computer search for another computer on the network by name On the
Internet launches the Web browser so that you can search the Internet.
for more information about finding information and the Internet, see the
section Getting Connected"

Using Microsoft Outlook opens the advanced Find dialog box for the
Microsoft Outlook messaging and collaboration client. If you use Microsoft
Outlook to. schedule tasks, meetings, appointments, and other items, you'
can search for an Outlook item from this box.

People opens your personal address book if available.

Using Help:

When you have questions about Windows 98, you can quickly and easily
find the answers in the Windows 98 online help file on the Start menu.
Once you. have chosen the help command, the help dialog box opens:

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In the Help dialog box, you can search for information using one of three
tabs.

The Contents tab-Use this tab to find information as you would in
ook s table of contents. This tab displays Help information that is

organized to look like chapters in a book. Each "chapter" appears with a
book icon next to it. If you click the book icon, the panel displays the sub
headings in that chapter

Use this tab to find information as you would in a book index:

As You type a keyword -or part of a keyword, the one in the list that is
closest to what you are typing is highlighted. You can continue typing more
of the keyword to define it more specifically, click the selected keyword in
the list to display it, or click one of the keyword subentries (if they exist) in
the list to display it. If you click a keyword and more than' one topic uses it,
a list of the topics appears. When you choose one, its contents are
displayed in the right pane.

The Search tab : Use this tab to search for-information on a broad topic.
The Help window also contains a toolbar with the following buttons:
Show/Hide-shows or hides the left pane of the Help window.

Back and Forward Like the back and forward buttons on 'the Web style
standard, toolbar and the Internet Explorer Web browser, moves back or
forward through topics. you have recently visited Options-a menu of
commands including Refresh, and Print Web Help Opens a topic from
which you can link to Microsoft's On line Technical. Support Web site.

Another great feature of the Windows 98 Online· Help system IS the
troubleshooting wizard. Troubleshooting wizards walk you through a
problem you might be having one step at a time by asking you questions
and offering information and possible solutions. You will find the
Troubleshooting Wizards on the Contents tab. Click on Troubleshooting
and then dick Windows· 98 'Troubleshooter-s and select from the list
of available wizards. The following illustration shows the first screen of the
print troubleshooting wizard

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Finding What, You Need When You Need It:

your computer should help you teach better, not take up time that you
could be using to plan lessons and interact with students. Is there a
program or accessory that you use frequently but is inconveniently buried
in three tiers of cascading menus? Or maybe there's a file you open all the
time like an electronic-grade book that you could open
directly from your desktop. In the following activities you will learn how.
to create shortcuts on the desktop and on the start menu for the
programs another files that you use the most

Customizing, the Start Menu:

The Start menu is one of the most accessible places on your desktop. You
use it all the time and the Start button is almost always visible no. matter
what else you are doing. You can customize your Stat menu by moving
program icons or personal files or folders onto it.
Pick a program or accessory from your Programs menu. For example,
perhaps you use the Calculator accessory several times a day and would
like, to get to it with only a click. Position the mouse pointer over the
program icon and click and hold down the left mouse button.

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Drag the program to the Start menu. When you drag-the pointer you will
see a gray box called a ghost which represents the program icon. As you
move ,the pointer and the Start. menu, you will see a black locator bar that
shows you where the program will "be placed if you release the 'left
mouse button. Release the mouse button at a convenient place' on the
Start menu. Once you move a program or accessory to the Start menu, it
no longer appears in your Programs or Accessory. menus. Click anywhere
on the desktop to close the Start menu.

Creating Shortcuts to Files and Folders:

You can create shortcut to any program file or folder. You-may want to
create a shortcut for the word. processing program you use, or for a folder
that you use frequently. These shortcuts can be placed on your desktop or
Start menu for easy accessibility.

To Create a Shortcut:

1. To move a file or folder to the desktop or Start menu, first open
Windows Explorer
(do not maximize the window).

2. Right-click the file or folder or and holding down the right mouse
button, drag the file or folder to the desktop or to a convenient
location on the Start menu.

3. Release the mouse button. A shortcut menu appears.
4. Click Create Shortcut: Here An icon to the file or folder will appear.

You can also create a shortcut to a program on your desktop. Pick a
program that you would like to create a shortcut for. Click Start and
point to Programs. Position. the mouse pointer over the program icon
that you would like to place on the desktop. Press and hold down the
left mouse button. Drag the program or accessory icon to a
blank place on the desktop and release the mouse button.

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To Remove a Shortcut:

1. Right-click on the shortcut Icon that you want to delete. A shortcut
menu is displayed.

2. Click Delete: A message asking you to confirm the deletion opens.
3. Click Yes to move the shortcut to the recycle bin.

To Rename a Shortcut on the Start Menu:

1. Click the Start button to display the Start menu.
2. On the Start menu point to Settings, and then click Taskbar &. Start

Menu. The Taskbar properties dialog box appears.

3. Click the Start Menu Programs tab and then click the Advanced

button. The Exploring Start Menu window opens.

4. The Start menu is selected in the left pane and the shortcut icons
are displayed in the right pane. Right-click the shortcut you want to
rename. A shortcut menu opens.

5. Click Rename: A box-appears around the object name and the text is
highlighted. Type the new name and press Enter. Click the Close
button to close the window.

6. In the Taskbar Properties dialog box, click OK.
To rename a shortcut icon on the desktop, right-click on the shortcut
icon to open shortcut menu. Click Rename and type the new name
under the shortcut icon.

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Starting Programs Automatically:

You can have your computer automatically run programs whenever
Windows starts when you put a shortcut for that program in the startup
menu Maybe you have virus checking software that you want to scan
your-computer every time it starts, or you want your Outlook Express
email to open first thing every. morning when you turn on
your computer. Be aware, though, that too many programs running at
startup can slow your computer's performance

To add a. shortcut to your' Startup folder:
1. Move the pointer over the shortcut-icon and press and hold the
left mouse button.
2. Drag the icon to the Startup menu and release the mouse
button.
3. To remove a shortcut from the Startup menu, simply drag it to
the Recycle Bin, or right-click the shortcut icon and then click
Delete from the shortcut menu.
You. might want to restart Windows 98 to test your new Startup
shortcut.

FAVORITES:-

Sometimes you can have too many things out on your desk. Likewise; you-
might find that having lot of shortcuts on your desktop starts to seem'
"cluttered. On the Start menu you will find a command for Favorites:
You can add-four .kinds of objects to .this menu for quick and easy
retrieval files, folders, cascading menus and Web pages.

To add a file or folder to the Favorites menus.
You can-easily move a file-or- folder directly onto the. Favorites menu:

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1. Find the file or folder. using My Computer or Windows Explorer

2 Click the file or folder in the My Computer or Exploring window-
and, holding, down the left mouse button, drag it to the Favorites
submenu, (While you are dragging the file, point to the Start
button- and then, to Favorites to open the Favorites submenu)

3. The locating bar shows you where the shortcut to the file or folder
will be displayed. Release the mouse button to place the, shortcut
on the fa o ite s submenu. There is another- easy way to add a
shortcut to a file or folder from Windows Explorer.

1. Select the file or folder (if you are in Web view, don't click the
item).

2. just move the pointer over it until it is highlighted.

3. Click Favorites on the Explorer menu bar,

4. Click Add to Favorites the Add Favorite dialog, box opens.

5. Click OK to add the item directly onto the menu, Or, you can place
it in a folder. In the Favorites menu.

6 To place the item in a folder, click Create in and then click one of
the existing folders

You can also create a new folder in which to place the favorite
item:

1. Repeat steps 1 through 4 above to add a shortcut from Windows
Explorer.

2. Click New Folder. The Create New Folder dialog box opens.

3. Type a name for the folder and click-OK."

4. Make sure the new folder is selected and then click OK to place a

shortcut to the item in that folder on the Favorites menu.

CHANGING DISPLAY SETTINGS:-

Previously you adjusted settings for the mouse to make it. comfortable for your
use. You can also change your display settings to fit your needs and your
personality.

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TO CHANGE DISPLAY SETTINGS:

1. On the Start menu point to Settings.
2. Click control Panel and then click Display, The Display Properties dialog

box opens
3. Click a tab to change the settings in that tab. The following tabs are

available.
4 Background--choose an HTML document or picture for your desktop

background Several options are available automatically, or you can
create your own.
Screen Saver-choose a screen saver and add password protection. Also set
energy saying options for your, monitor. your school, district, or college or
university may have rules about using password protection and you probably
have some of your own. Remember to discuss .with students the "hazards" of
locking the instructor out Of the computer: system.

Appearance choose a color scheme for your windows and desktop. Choose a
high contrast color scheme for greater accessibility for those with visual
impairments.

Effects change the look and size of desktop icons.

Web add active content items to the desktop. For more information about the
active Desktop and active content, see the section, Getting Connected.

Settings choose your color settings. Also add another monitor and view your
desktop across both.

Many of-the optional display settings are designed to make the computer
more accessible for persons with disabilities. Be aware that you can enlarge
icons and screen fonts & and use high-contrast color's for those with visual
impairments.

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ORGANIZING FILES CUSTOMIZING FOLDERS:-

You can organize files and documents are your computer just as you would in a
filing cabinet. It is easy to create new folders to store your files or documents in
and it is easy to move items from folder to folder.

For example you have created a spreadsheet of grades for each of your
students and you would like to put them all in the same folder on your hard
drive. To Create a New Folder

1. Open Windows Explorer:

Make sure the hard drive (usually C) is selected, Click File, point to New
and click Folder.

A new folder will appear in the right side of the window with the title
New Felder selected.

Type in a new title such as "Grades." In Windows 98, you can use
spaces, symbols, and numbers in your file and folder names,

3. Click View and then click Refresh. Your new folder will appear in the left
side of the window.

4. You are now ready to move the individual spreadsheets into the
grades folder Right now they are stored in the My Documents folder.

5. In the left side of the window, click the. folder where the files or
documents are currently stored. The individual documents will
appear in the right side of the window.

6 Click on a document and then holding down the left mouse button,
drag the document to the new folder and release the mouse button.

There are four ways to view the files in the right side of the Explorer
window as large icons, as small icons, as a list, or as a list with details
including file size, type and last date modified. You can select how you view
files in Explorer from the View menu You can also sort files by date, type,
or size.

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To Sort Files:

1 In a folder window, such as in Windows Explorer, click Views and
select Details This will display the files in the folder in a list with the
file name, size, type, arid-last date modified.

2. Sort files by clicking the buttons at the top of the details columns
(the default) arrangement is by name.
Click Name to sort files in alphabetical order by name
Click Size to sort files by file size; smallest to largest.

Click Type to sort files by type such 'as Application, Microsoft Word
documents or Video Clip. Files will be organized first by type in alphabetical
order next all files of a type will be listed together in alphabetical order by
file name. Click Modified to sort files by the date they were last saved,
from most recent to oldest Eventually you may want to create a folder for
each student's grades. You can do this the same way you created the
Grades folder. If you want each student folder to be a subfolder within the
Grades folder, click the Grades folder in the Explorer-window and then click
File, point to New and click Folder to create a new student subfolder.

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ADDING PROGRAM TO THE TASKBAR:

The Windows 98 taskbar includes a Quick Launch toolbar with buttons
that start frequently used programs. The default toolbar has four
buttons: Show Desktop, Launch Outlook Express, Launch Internet
Explorer Browser and View Channels. To save even more of your,
valuable time, in Windows 98 you can add additional buttons to the
taskbar. Maybe you use the calculator accessory several times
throughout the day. You can-add a button for the calculator to the Quick
Launch toolbar.

To add the calculator to the taskbar:

1. Click the Start button to display the Start menu.
2. Point to Programs, point to Accessories and then point to

Calculator.

3. Right-drag Calculator to the Quick Launch toolbar on the task
bar. A locator bar appears.

4. Release the right mouse button when the locator bar is where
you want the Calculator button to appear. A shortcut menu
appears.

5 Click Create Shortcut Here Drag the toolbar separator to the right if
you cannot see all of The Quick Launch buttons,

CONNECTING TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB:-

One of the most prominent ways of doing research and communicating
with other people is using the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is a
collection of all of the· Web sites available on the Internet. A Web site is a
collection of VI web pages in a given location, and it is often for a
particular organization such as a company, an educational
institution, or a non-profit group. The address, or URL, of the Web site.
will tell you what kind of organization has posted the site. The URL for a
commercial site will end with .com, an educational institution with edu,
and a non-profit group with .org.

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A Web page is a file that can contain text, pictures, and other
multimedia. The Web is an exciting medium for students because it
creates a dynamic and interactive· learning environment. Web pages
often contain links to other· Web sites. A link is a word or a picture that,
when. you click on it, takes you to another place on that Web
page, another Web page, or another Web site.

To connect to the World Wide Web using an Internet connection on
your· network, you must access the network and then open the browser
on your computer. The Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0. browser is an
integrated component of Windows 98. When, the browser opens, you
see your default home page, from which you will
always start your. searches. You can go to other Web pages by 'clicking
links on the Home page or by typing the address to a Web site in the
Address bar, which is usually , located at the top of the browser window.

NAVIGATING THE WORLD WIDE WEB:-

You have already discovered how easy it is to navigate through files and
folders on your computer with the Web style desktop. Despite the vast
amount of information on the World Wide Web, navigating it is just as
easy. Each of the features discussed below will help you find what you
need (and probably some unexpected surprises) on the Web.

Toolbars:
With Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0, you have the familiar Menu bar,
Standard toolbar, Links toolbar, and Address toolbar. The following
buttons are on the Standard toolbar.
Back and Forward- return to pages you have just visited. You can select
from a drop down list of recently visited pages.

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Stop-stop the computer from loading a page. Refresh-reloads the current
page .Home-return to your default home page (the page that loads first
when you start Internet Explorer. Search--opens the Explorer bar so you
can do a keyword search of the Web.
Favorites-c-open the Explorer bar and display your favorites folders,
including Web subscriptions.
History-- -opens the Explorer bar and displays a list of all of the Web pages
that you have visited recently, You can set your computer to delete this
history at a regular time interval like every 'day, or once a week. You can
also manually delete the history, just right-click on the day you want to
delete and choose-Delete. Channels-display the Active Channel" Web
content guide in -the Explorer bar. Full Screen-uses more of the desktop
to display the page. Only the Standard toolbar is shown.
Mail opens your e-mail program so that you can check for new messages,
or emails the page or a link to it
Print-sends the current page to- your default printer.
Edit opens the: current page in your Web .page editor (such as Front page
Express, the Web page editor that is a component of Windows 98).

8. 11 COMPUTER VIRUS:

A virus is a program that can- make copies of itself in order to "infect" other
computers. A computer program, designed _as a Prank or as Sabotage, that
replicates itself by attaching to other programs - and carrying out unwanted
and sometimes damaging operations.

When embedded in its host, the virus replicates itself by attaching to other
programs in the system, including system software. Like a human virus,
the effects of a computers virus may not be detectable for a period of days
or weeks, during which time every disk inserted-into the system comes
away with a hidden copy of the virus.

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Eventually, the effects manifest themselves. The consequences range
from prank messages to erratic system software performance or
catastrophic erasure of all the information on a hard disk.

8.12 ANTI VIRUS: (2012)

Computer users need to protect their computers' from virus until
they are eradicated from the source and until they longer exit. Fortunately
they are solutions to safeguard your system against viruses. The first thing
that you need to know is the ways in which your system may be infected.

Common ways that may infect your system:
1. A Floppy or removable hard disk from .another user may be a carrier of

virus.
2. Virus may be transmitted to other computers Via Network. That is

your system may be infected. when you link your system with
another user, an online service, or the Internet.

3. Pogramme purchased from unauthorized dealers may be the
potential, carrier of viruses.

A number of programs have been designed to protect software from
viruses, These are called anti-virus' program, However no anti-virus
program guarantee protection against all viruses; A good antivirus
program checks for' in faceted files automatically every time you insert
any kind of disk or use your modem to retrieve a file. Several anti-virus
programs are available and some are even. free. Some common anti-
virus programs are:

NAME SOME ANTI VIRUSES: (2012) M. Cafee
Norton Anti Virus (NA V) Virex
Symantec Antivirus. Anti Virus Guard (A VG)
PC Clean

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8. 13 EXERCISES

Answer. the following questions?

Q.1.. Define the properties of Windows Operating System?
Ans. PROPERTIES OF WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM:
The following are the properties of windows operating system.
1. Windows 95 or 98 is first landed on the hard disk of your computer

using either floppies or CDs. .
2. Windows 95 requires at least 8MB of RAM while Windows 98 requires

16MB of RAM.
3. For starting operations, switch on your computer, windows will he

loaded and you will see a Desktop. By default taskbar appears at the
bottom of the Desktop screen, by this taskbar you can perform
different tasks.

Q.2 Distinguish between DOS and Windows Operating

System(2012,2011)

DOS WINDOWS

1. DOS is a single user single tasking 1. Windows is a single user multi

operating system. tasking operating system,

2. DOS uses a text base 2. It uses a colorful Graphical User
interface. Interface.

3. We just can type-in 3. In windows the commands are
, located on the screen in form of
-
4. It is difficult to operate. pictures called Icons.
5. We can not use mouse in 4. It is easy to operate. .
5. We can use mouse in Windows.

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Q.3. Define what is Desktop? What are its
elements?
Ans. WINDOWS DESKTOP:
Windows Desktop is like a working - surface of a desk. Desktop where
your applications, folders and shortcuts are located.

ELEMENTS/ITEMS- OF WINDOWS DESKTOP:
There are three elements of Windows Desktop.
(1) Icons (My Computer, My Documents, Recycle Bin, etc.)
(2) Taskbar
(3) Start Button

Q.4. Explain the functions of Windows Explorer.
Ans; FUNCTIONS OF WINDOWS EXPLORER:

Windows explorer provides another way to view the 'contents of the
disks and its folders in a tree like structure. We can navigate between files
and folders through explorer. Files, folders and programs can be opened,
moved and deleted through it. Follow these steps to open Windows
explorer.

.
1.Click on the. Start button and select programs menu.
2.From Programs submenu select Accessories.'
3.FromAccessories submenu click on the Windows explorer.

OR
1. Move the mouse pointer over the Start button or My Computer icon .'
2. Click the right mouse button.
3. A menu will be displayed, choose Explore from it.
4. A Windows explorer will be opened.

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Explorer window has two panes: Left pane displays disk drives and folders
with + and - sign before them. + sign indicates that the disk drive or folder
contains other' files and folders and when we click on it, the tree will
expand to display its contents.' The + sign will be changed to -clicking the -
will shrink the expanded tree to its' original position. Right pane displays
the contents of the' selected item from the left pane.

Q.5. Write short notes on the following.

(i) Icon (ii) Task Bar (iii) Recycle bin

(v) My Computer (v) My documents (vi) Windows

(i) ICON:

ICONS are small colorful graphical objects/pictures, such as' my
Computer, a Recycle Bin and My Brief Case on the Desktop; These
objects are called, ICONS, meaning images. ICONS represent the part of
the computer system when you work using a GUI. An ICON is used to
carry out specific task on the desktop with the help of a keyboard or a
mouse. We can divide these. ICONS into various groups such as:

Formatting Issue Application Icons
 System Icons File Icons
 Folder Icons Command Icons
 Drive Icons

(ii) TASKBAR:-
Taskbar can be located at the bottom of desktop and you can more it to
the top or either side of the screen. Buttons representing programs
currently miming on your computer. At the very left of the taskbar is the
Start button. There are menu of more than one choices and you can
perform different tasks by this. At the right side is an area called System
Tray.

(iii) RECYCLE BIN:-

Recycle Bin makes it easy to delete and undelete files and folders. When
a file or folders is deleted from any location, Windows stores it in the Recycle
Bin. We can also empty deleted accidentally; you can move it back from the
Recycle Bin to save disk space.

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(iv) MY COMPUTER:-

MY COMPUTER lets you browse the contents of your computer. The
common tasks that we can perform through MY COMPUTER are:

1. Access information stored as different storage devices connected with
the computer such as hard disk, floppy disk or CD ROM.

2. Create, move ,copy, delete or rename files folder and programs from
one disk to another disk.

3. Configure devices of the computer.
4. Add or remove a printer.

(v) MY DOCUMENTS:-

MY DOCUMENTS is a desktop folder that provides a convenient place to store
documents, graphics, or other that you want to access quickly. On the
desktop, it is represented by a folder with a sheet of paper in it. When you
save a file in a program such as WordPad or paint, the file is by default saved
in MY DOUCMENTS unless you choose a different location.

(vi) WINDOWS:-

When you open something on your computer like a program, a
document, or a web browser, it appears on your desktop inside a windows.
There are two types of windows---PROGRAM WINDOWS which contains a
program, such as Microsoft Word, and DOCUMENT WINDOWS which contains
documents inside a program windows. You can have several documents open
in one program window, for example you can have more then one Microsoft
PowerPoint presentation file open at a time within the PowerPoint program
windows. The following illustration shows the part of a typical windows.

Q.6. How can you search a file or folder?

Ans. FIND / SEARCH:-

This option of the start menu helps in location files stored on the hard disk or
network. This option includes search based on name, type , size, date, and
storage location of the file or folder.

Procedure to search a file or folder:

The procedure of searching a file or folder is given below.

1. Click on Find option of the start menu, the Find dialog box will appear.
2. Enter the name of the file or folder in the named text box.
3. From the Look in drop down list box choose the locate option where you

imagine that your desired file or folder may be present.
4. Click on the Find Now button to start search.
5. If find dialog box successfully search the location of the desired file or

folder, it will display it in the windows before this dialog box.

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Q.7. What is the function of start button?
Ans. FUNCTIONS OF START BUTTON:-

Through this button we can open the programs, installed in your
computer and access all the utilities available in the windows
environment. We can also shutdown, restart and / or standby the
computer using the start button.

Q.8. What are the items of start menu?
Ans. ITEMS/CHOICES OF START MENU:-

The following are the item of start menu:

1. Program 2.Favourities

3. Documents 4. Setting

5. Control Panel 6. Printers

7.Taskbar and Start Menu 8. Folder Option

9.Active Desktop 10. Windows Updated

11. Find/ Search 12. Help

13. Run 14.Log Off

15. Shut Down

Q.9. How can you change wallpaper of the desktop? (2012)

Ans. WALLPAPER/BACKGROUND:-

This is an image or colour, set to the background of the Desktop. We can
change it to any other image or colour. Follow these steps to change this
setting.

1. Close or minimize all open files or programs.
2. Click the right mouse button on any blank space of the Desktop.
3. A menu will appear, click on Properties.
4. Display Properties dialog box will appear.
5. Click on the Background tab.
6. Select from the list of the currently availed Wallpapers.
7. Click the Apply button.
8. Click the OK button.
9. Wallpaper has been changed.

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Q.10. What is the procedure of setting a screen saver?
Ans. PROCEDURE TO CHANGE/ SET THE SCREEN SAVER?

Steps to change the Screen Sever:
1. Close or minimize all the open files or programs.
2. Click the right mouse button on any blank space of the Desktop.
3. A menu will appear, click on Properties.
4. Display Properties dialog box will appear.
5. Click on the Screen Sever tab from this dialog box.
6. From the Screen Sever drop down list, Select the Screen Sever.
7. In the Wait spin box, enter the time in minutes you want to activate

Screen Sever.
8. To test a Screen Sever, Click on the Preview button.
9. Click the Apply button.
10. Click the OK button to close this dialog box.

Q.11.what is the function of Control Panel?

Ans. FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL PANAL:-

1. The function of Control Panel is to provide the facility to change the way
of Windows looks and works.

2. It conations a list of icon through which you can change the setting of
computer.

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Q.12. Define each item of Control Panel.
Ans. Control Panel:

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Q.13. Define each item of Control Panel.
Ans. We a i stall a p i te th ough P i te s optio of sta t e u. This

option give you access to all printers available to all printer available to
our computer and also let you add or configure a new printer and
remove any printer from you system.
Q.13. Define each item of Control Panel.
Ans. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE OF WINDOWS:
The designers of Windows have worked hard to make the installation
process as simple and trouble free as possible.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

Minimum hardware requirement to install Windows is Pentium 1
computer with 32 MB RAM. Attempt to install Windows on a lesser machine
will make the computer very slow to work. It also needs 450 to 500 MB free
hard disk space.

PRELIMINARIES:

Before installing any of the versions of Windows, there are several tasks
you need to undertake to ensure a smooth and safe installation. Some depend
on whether you want to install previous version of Windows of perform a fresh
installation.

BOOT DISK

A boot disk is necessary only when you are doing a clean installation of
Windows. You can use either a bootable CD-ROM or Floppy disk. Windows
installation CD is bootable.

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CREATE A BOOT DISK

Follow these steps to create a bootable floppy disk.
1. Click Start button Settings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs.
2. Click the Startup Disk tab and follow the instructions.
3. Put the Floppy disk in drive.

Step-by-step Installation

Windows installation is an easy step-by-step procedure.

1. Run an up-to-date virus-scanning program.

2. Copy the entire Win98 folder from the CD-ROM to a folder on your hard
drive.

Name the folder something like Win98Ins, for Windows 98 source.

3. Restart your machine using either the bootable CD-ROM or Floppy disk.

4. At the DOS prompt, change to your source directory. For example, type
CD Win98Inst and press Enter key.

5. Type Setup and press Enter.

6. When Setup starts, it will run Scandisk program to check your drive. When
Scandisk finishes, press Exit button.

7. You will see the Windows Setup screen. The left side of the screen,
including the estimated time required to complete the installation, will be
visible throughout the setup process. Total time vary from 30 to 60
minutes or more, depending on the speed of your system.

8. Read the information presented in the dialog box, then click continue.
Windows 98 will perform a quick survey of your system, prepare the
Setup Wizard and ask you to read and consent to the license agreement.
Click Next to move on.

9. Setup will perform a more through check of your system including looking
for installed components of Windows and making sure you have enough
hard disk space to complete the installation.

10. A dialog box will ask you if you want the Install program to save your
previous Windows system files. These files make it possible to uninstall
Wi do s should ou u i to t ou le, so it s a good idea to sele t Yes.

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11. The next choice you have to make, for a clean install only, about how
much of the operating system you want to install. You can select the
default option which is Typical.

12. Select the Basic Components to install windows.

13. The next dialog box asks you to give your computer a name that will
identify it.

14. The Setup program asks you if you want to create a startup disk so you
can boot your computer in case of trouble.

15. The Setup wizard now needs to restart your computer and finish up.

16. After restart, Windows still has a few touches to make. It will detect and
setup plug-and-play devices and other possible hardware.

Q.15 What is a Computer Virus? How a virus is removed from disk? (2008)

Ans. COMPUTER VIRUS:(2011)

A virus is a p og a that a ake opies of itself i o de to i fe t
other computers. A computer program, designed as a Prank or as
Sabotage, that replicates itself by attaching to other program and
carrying out unwanted and sometimes damaging operations. Virus may
be transmitted to other computer via Network that is your system may
be infected when you link your system with another user, an online
service or the internet.

Virus is removed from disk through Anti-virus program that protects
computers from virus until they are eradicated from the source and
until they longer exit. A good Anti-virus program checks for infected
files Several Anti-virus programs are available and some are even free.

Some common Anti-virus programs are: (2011)

Norton Anti Virus (NAV) M.Cafee

Symantec Antivirus Virex

PC Clean Anti Virus Guard (AVG)

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Q.16. Differentiate between the following.

(1) My Computer Windows Explorer
1) My computer lets you browse the 1) Windows Explorer provides a way
contents of computer. In a disk drive to view the contents of the disks and
and folder format. folder in a tree like structure.

2) My computer shows folders in form 2) Windows Explores has two panes,
of icons only. left pane display disk drive and folders
pane displays the contents of the
(2) Task Bar selected item from the left pane.
1) The Task bar can be located at the Menu Bar
bottom of Desktop 1) Menu bar can be found at the lower
2) It has two options, start button left corner at the screen.
system tray. 2) It has menu of different choices
3) Through this we can open the such as shutdown, Run, find etc.
programs, installed on your computer 3) You can move it to the top or either
(3) Documents side of the screen.
1) The documents menu lists the files My Documents
you have recently worked on You can
open the most recently used M do u e ts is a Desktop s folde
document directly from here. that provides a convenient place to
2) It shows the list of files name store documents, graphics, or other
currently used e.g files that you want o access quickly.
(4) WALLPAPER 2) It contains all the files saved by data
1) This is an image or colour, set to the default on a black background.
background of the Desktop, we SCREEN SAVER
change it to any other image or 1) Screen saver is an animated image
colour. or text the displays on the screen of
2) Colourful window by default. the computer after some specified
3) It is visible at all the truce. time set by the user.
2) Screen saver displays a moving
image such as stars.
3) It activates when stop working on
the computer for a while.

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Q.17. Fill in the blanks:

1. Icon is a small graphical symbol that represents files and folders.
2. The screen that Windows displays after booting is known as Desktop.
3. Windows is a rectangular area of screen that displays different

information.
4. Control Panel provides the tools to control the way your computer

behaves, its components presents information.
5. The Run command is used to execute a command or program directly,

instead of using the icon or program menu.
6. Shutdown is a process in which computer closes all programs currently

running and disconnects the devices connected with it.
7. The Find/Search option of the Start menu helps in locating files or

folders stored on hard disk.
8. Network is group of computers that are connected with each other to

share data, information and resources of computer with other users.
9. The Add/Remove Program option helps in installing new software or

removes software that we no longer want to keep in the computer.
10. Screen Sever is an animated image or text that display on the screen of

the monitor after some specified time when the computer is left idle.

Q.18. Tick the correct answers:

1. The bar, displayed at the bottom of the desktop is known as:

(a) Title bar (b) Task bar (c) Menu bar (d) Tool bar

2. You can Shutdown, Standby and Restart the computer using:

(a) Desktop (b) Menu bar (c) Start button (d) Task bar

3. Which of the following lets you browse the contents of your computer.

(a) My Network Places (b) My documents

(c) My computer (d) Windows Explorer

4. A convenient place to store documents, graphics or other files that you

want to access quickly is:

(a) My Network Places (b) My documents

(c) My computer (d) Folder

5. Which component makes it easy to delete and undelete files and folder.

(a) Windows Explorer (b) Recycle Bin

(c) Add/Remove programs (d) My documents

6. The option that makes it easier for people with disabilities to operate a

computer is:

(a)Accessibility (b) Display (c) Settings (d) Fonts

7. The image or colour set to the background of the Desktop is:

(a) Screen Saver (b) Picture (c) Monogram (d) Wallpaper

8. The device that enables the computer to make a dialup networking is:

(a) Mouse (b) Monitor (c) Modem (d) Keyboard

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