บทที่ 8 การเปลี่ยนแปลงของสังคมไทย PDF

บทท่ี 7 กระบวนการแก้ปัญหาและการบริหารความขดั แย้ง

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แนวความคดิ การแก้ปัญหาความขดั แย้ง

ข้นั ตอนในการคิดเพื่อแกป้ ัญหา 3 ข้นั ตอนโดยการถามวา่ “ปัญหา คือ อะไร” “วธิ ีการแกป้ ัญหา
มีอะไรบา้ ง” และ “วธิ ีการแกป้ ัญหาใดดีท่ีสุด”

แนวคิดในการแก้ปัญหาอย่างสร้างสรรค์

เพอ่ื ใหก้ ารทางานเป็นทีมไม่ประสบกบั ปัญหาต่างๆ
ผบู้ ริหารหรือหวั หนา้ ทีมงานควรใหท้ ีมงานช่วยกนั กาหนด
กิจกรรมหรืองานตา่ งๆ ท่ีจะตอ้ งทาอยา่ งชดั แจง้ วา่ มีงาน
อะไรตอ้ งทาบา้ งจะไดม้ ีการแบ่งงานใหแ้ ก่ผรู้ ่วมทีมตาม
ความรู้ความสามารถและประสบการณ์ของบุคคลผนู้ ้นั

กระบวนการแก้ปัญหาและลดความขดั แย้ง

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กระบวนการแก้ปัญหาตามแนวคิด Dewey

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ข้นั ที่ 5 วางแผนในการแก้ปัญหา ( Solution Planning)
เม่ือไดร้ ับการประเมินทางเลือกในการแกป้ ัญหาแลว้ ทีมงานจะตอ้ งนาทางเลือกท่ีผา่ นการพิจารณาแลว้ วา่ เป็นทางเลือก
ในการแกป้ ัญหาท่ีดีที่สุด หรือเหมาะสมท่ีสุด มาใชใ้ นการวางแผนเพือ่ แกป้ ัญหาตอ่ ไป โดยจะตอ้ งระบใุ ห้ชดั เจนวา่
1 ทาอะไร (What)
2 ทาเม่ือใด (When)
3 ทาที่ไหน (Where)
4 ทาไมตอ้ งทา (Why)
5 ใครเป็นคนทา (Who)
6 จะประเมินผลอยา่ งไร (How)

ข้ันท่ี 7 ประเมนิ ผลและตดิ ตามผล (Evaluation)
เป็นข้นั ตอนสุดทา้ ยของกระบวนการแกป้ ัญหาและการตดั สินใจ เพ่ือจะไดร้ ู้วา่ แผนงานตา่ งๆ เมื่อ
นาไปสู่การปฏิบตั ิแลว้ สามารถบรรลุวตั ถปุ ระสงคใ์ นการแกป้ ัญหาไดม้ ากนอ้ ยเพียงใด และมีปัญหา
และอปุ สรรคอะไรเกิดข้ึนอีกบา้ งซ่ึงวธิ ีการประเมินผลดงั กลา่ ว อาจจะใชว้ ธิ ีการต่างๆดงั ต่อไปน้ี
1 การสงั เกต (Observation)

2 การสมั ภาษณ์ (Interview)

3 การใชแ้ บบสอบถาม (Questionnaire)
4 การรายงานผลการปฏิบตั ิงาน (Report)

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