1 DPL 40063: Logistics and Supply Chain Information Technology Assessment: Case Study Lecturer Name: Madam Rohanah binti Dorani Student Name Matrix Number MOHAMAD SHAKIR BIN NUMIN 07DLS22F1041 MOHAMMAD HANAFIE BIN HARIS 07DLS22F1065 PUTRA HASNUR NAQIUDDIN BIN HASSAN 07DLS22F1016
2 Table of Content Content Pages Introduction 3 Issue 4-6 Content 7-9 Conclusion 11 Reference 12
3 Introduction Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a revolutionary technology that enables the identification and tracking of objects using radio waves. It consists of small electronic devices called RFID tags or labels, which contain unique identification data and can communicate wirelessly with RFID readers. These readers emit radio signals to interact with the tags and capture the stored information. RFID systems typically comprise three main components: RFID tags, RFID readers, and a backend system for data processing. The RFID tags are attached to or embedded in objects, and they can be passive (powered by the reader's signal), active (with their own power source), or semi-passive. RFID readers, equipped with antennas, send and receive radio signals to communicate with nearby tags. When a tag enters the reader's range, the reader captures the tag's data, such as its unique ID or other information stored on the tag. The applications of RFID technology are diverse and encompass industries such as retail, healthcare, logistics, transportation, and manufacturing. In retail, RFID facilitates inventory management and enhances the efficiency of supply chains by providing real-time visibility of stock levels and item movements. In healthcare, RFID is used for patient tracking, asset management, and medication administration to improve safety and operational workflows. One of the key advantages of RFID is its ability to automate processes and enable seamless data capture without line-of-sight requirements, unlike traditional barcodes. This feature makes RFID ideal for applications requiring rapid and accurate identification of multiple items simultaneously. In summary, RFID technology plays a pivotal role in the modernization of industries by enabling precise identification, tracking, and management of objects, leading to enhanced operational efficiency, improved asset visibility, and better decision-making capabilities. ISSUE PLUS perlu segera selesai isu RFID – FOMCA KUALA LUMPUR: PLUS Malaysia Berhad (PLUS) perlu bertanggungjawab menyelesaikan segera pelbagai isu berkaitan penggunaan Identifikasi Frekuensi Radio (RFID) di lebuh raya bagi mengelakkan pengguna hilang keyakinan terhadap teknologi itu.
4 Timbalan Presiden Gabungan Persatuan-Persatuan Pengguna Malaysia (FOMCA), Mohd Yusof Abdul Rahman, berkata isu utama iaitu masalah pengesanan pelekat RFID di lorong disediakan hingga menyebabkan kesesakan, menunjukkan PLUS belum betul-betul bersedia melaksanakan penggunaannya. Beliau berkata, PLUS sepatutnya menyediakan lorong percubaan RFID dengan jumlah petugas mencukupi terlebih dahulu supaya sebarang isu pengguna dapat diatasi tanpa menimbulkan kekecohan seperti yang berlaku kini. "PLUS sepatutnya sudah bersiap-sedia dan buat jangkaa\an isu sebegini akan timbul. Ada pelekat RFID pengguna yang tidak dapat dikesan di tiga plaza tol hingga mereka terpaksa mengundurkan kenderaan dan akhirnya menyebabkan kesesakan. "PLUS beri jaminan penggunaan RFID akan percepatkan proses pembayaran di plaza tol tetapi apabila sebaliknya berlaku, mereka nampaknya gagal mencapai matlamat dikehendaki. "Masyarakat menyokong usaha kerajaan memperkenalkan penggunaan RFID tetapi dengan masalah yang timbul dibimbangi akhirnya pengguna hilang keyakinan dengan penggunaannya," katanya kepada BH. Beliau berkata demikian ketika diminta mengulas isu rungutan pengguna terhadap penggunaan RFID yang dipasang di Lebuhraya Utara Selatan membabitkan laluan Juru, Pulau Pinang hingga Skudai, Johor yang beroperasi sepenuhnya mulai jam 10 malam, 15 Januari lalu. Antara isu paling banyak dikongsi pengguna melalui media sosial termasuk pelekat RFID yang ditampal di kenderaan tidak dapat dikesan sistem RFID meskipun pemasangannya dibuat seperti ditetapkan pihak PLUS. Ada pengguna berkongsi yang mereka terpaksa membeli pelekat RFID berharga RM35 beberapa kali disebabkan kegagalan sistem mengesannya. Selain itu, pengguna turut mempersoalkan mengenai penggunaan pelekat RFID yang disifatkan tidak ekonomi kerana hanya boleh digunakan bagi satu kenderaan berdaftar berbanding Touch 'n Go (TNG) dan unit pembaca tol SmartTAG yang boleh digunakan bagi beberapa kenderaan.
5 Mohd Yusof menjangkakan lebih banyak isu pelekat RFID tidak boleh dikesan di lorong disediakan terutamanya selepas pengguna kini boleh memasang sendiri pelekat berkenaan yang dibeli secara dalam talian. Katanya, beliau yang mendapatkan pelekat RFID dan melakukan pemasangan melalui pihak berautoriti pada 2018 turut berdepan pengalaman terpaksa mengundurkan kenderaan selepas ia tidak dapat dikesan sistem ketika digunakan di Lebuhraya Damansara Puchong (LDP). "Apatah lagi pengguna yang memasang pelekat itu sendiri "Sepatutnya kalau ikutkan hak pengguna, sebaik mereka membeli pelekat itu, PLUS perlu memastikan ia berfungsi tetapi apabila perlu beli beberapa kali (disebabkan tidak dapat dikesan sistem RFID), memang menyusahkan. "Masalah yang berlaku kini perlu segera diselesaikan PLUS dan dijadikan iktibar," katanya. Menteri Kanan (Kerja Raya), Datuk Seri Fadillah Yusof, sebelum ini berkata pihaknya sudah memanggil PLUS dan TNG untuk memastikan semua isu berkaitan pelaksanaan RFID berupaya diselesaikan secepat mungkin. Beliau berkata, kementerian akan terus memantau dan memastikan kedua-dua syarikat itu dapat menyelesaikan sebarang isu berhubung penggunaan lorong RFID. PLUS dalam kenyataan media hari ini berkata, ia akan mengambil tindakan penambahbaikan berhubung maklum balas ramai mengenai kesesakan yang timbul di plaza tolnya berikutan penggunaan RFID. Ini termasuk menggandakan pasukan untuk membantu pelanggan di plaza tol selain meningkatkan keterlihatan papan tanda arah bagi pengenalan lorong RFID. Menurut PLUS, pelanggan lebuh raya yang mengalami masalah pengesanan di lorong RFID tidak perlu risau kerana kakitangan tol akan menggunakan peranti mudah alih bagi mengimbas tag RFID mereka.
6 https://www.bharian.com.my/amp/berita/nasional/2022/01/912951/plus-perlu-segera-selesaiisu-rfid-fomca Content Key Problems Related To Information Technology in The Logistic Company RFID price very expensive RFID tag not responsive or can’t detect Users privacy concerns Read range limitation ELABORATION ON THE PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED ON THE REASON THE PROBLEM OCCUR A. RFID price very expensive Implementing RFID systems can be expensive, particularly when considering the initial investment in infrastructure, tags, readers, and software. 1. Infrastructure: This includes the cost of RFID readers, antennas, and related hardware. Prices can range from a few hundred to several thousand ringgit per reader, depending on the features and capabilities. 2. Tags: RFID tags come in various types and formats, each with its own cost. Passive RFID tags are generally less expensive than active tags. Passive tags can range from a few cents to a few dollars per tag, while active tags can be significantly more expensive. One tag alone can cost up to RM 35. 3. Software: RFID software for managing and analyzing data can add to the overall cost. Prices vary depending on functionality and licensing models. B. RFID tag not responsive or can not detect
7 Interference in RFID systems can occur due to various factors: 1. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): This can be caused by other electronic devices operating on similar frequencies, such as Wi-Fi routers, cell phones, or machinery, disrupting RFID communication. 2. Metal and Liquid Surfaces: RFID signals can be absorbed or reflected by metal surfaces and attenuated by liquid environments, leading to reduced read range or unreliable tag detection. 3. Environmental Conditions: Factors like humidity, temperature, and atmospheric conditions can affect RFID performance, particularly for certain frequency bands. C. User privacy concern RFID technology raises several privacy concerns, including: 1. Tracking Individuals: RFID tags embedded in personal belongings, such as clothing or ID cards, can potentially be used to track individuals without their knowledge or consent. This tracking capability may raise concerns about personal privacy and autonomy. 2. Data Security: RFID systems can store sensitive information, such as product details, payment credentials, or personal identifiers. If not adequately secured, this data could be intercepted or manipulated, leading to privacy breaches or identity theft. 3. Unwanted Surveillance: The widespread deployment of RFID readers in public spaces, retail stores, or transportation hubs may enable mass surveillance, raising concerns about invasions of privacy and the potential for abuse by authorities or third parties.
8 D. Read Range Limitation RFID read range limitations refer to the maximum distance at which RFID readers can reliably detect and communicate with RFID tags. Several factors influence RFID read range: 1. Frequency: RFID systems operate at different frequencies, each with its own characteristics. Generally, lower frequencies (LF and HF) offer shorter read ranges, while higher frequencies (UHF and microwave) provide longer read ranges. 2. Tag Type: RFID tags come in various form factors, including passive, active, and semi-passive. Active tags, which have their own power source, typically offer longer read ranges compared to passive tags, which rely on power harvested from the reader’s signal. 3. Antenna Design: The design and placement of RFID antennas play a significant role in determining read range. Directional antennas can focus energy in specific directions, increasing range, while omni-directional antennas provide coverage in multiple directions but may have shorter ranges.
9 SOLUTION OR CHANGES NEEDED RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES THAT COULD SOLVE THE EXISTING PROBLEMS A. RFID Cost Very Expensive To address the cost challenges associated with RFID implementation, organizations can consider several solutions or changes: 1. Evaluate Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the total cost of ownership, including upfront hardware and software costs, ongoing maintenance, training, and support expenses. This can help identify areas for cost optimization and justify investments in RFID technology. 2. Scale Deployment Strategically: Start with smaller-scale deployments or pilot projects to demonstrate the value of RFID technology and validate its benefits before scaling up. This phased approach can minimize upfront costs and mitigate risks associated with large-scale implementations. 3. Explore Different Tag Types: Evaluate different RFID tag options based on cost, performance, and suitability for specific applications. Passive RFID tags are generally more cost-effective than active tags, but active tags may offer advantages in certain scenarios, such as longer read ranges or real-time tracking capabilities. B. RFID Tag Not Responsive or Can’t Detect To mitigate interference in RFID systems, consider the following solutions 1. Frequency Selection: Choose RFID frequencies that are less susceptible to interference based on the operating environment. For example, UHF RFID systems typically experience less interference than HF or LF systems in industrial or retail settings. 2. Antenna Placement and Orientation: Optimize the placement and orientation of RFID antennas to minimize interference from surrounding objects and maximize signal strength. Experiment with different antenna configurations to achieve optimal coverage and read performance.
10 3. Antenna Shielding: Use shielding materials or techniques to protect RFID antennas from interference sources, such as metal surfaces or nearby electronic devices. Shielding can help focus RF energy and reduce the impact of external interference. C. User Privacy Concern To address privacy concerns associated with RFID technology, consider implementing the following solutions: 1. Data Minimization: Collect and store only the minimum amount of data necessary for RFID applications. Avoid storing personally identifiable information (PII) on RFID tags unless absolutely necessary, and use pseudonymization techniques to protect privacy. 2. Encryption: Encrypt RFID data during transmission and storage to prevent unauthorized access or interception. Implement strong encryption algorithms and protocols to safeguard sensitive information and ensure data confidentiality. 3. Access Controls: Implement access controls and authentication mechanisms to restrict unauthorized access to RFID data. Use role-based access control (RBAC) and user authentication to enforce least privilege principles and limit data exposure. D. Read Range Limitation To address privacy concerns associated with RFID technology, consider implementing the following solutions: 1. Data Minimization: Collect and store only the minimum amount of data necessary for RFID applications. Avoid storing personally identifiable information (PII) on RFID tags unless absolutely necessary, and use pseudonymization techniques to protect privacy. 2. Encryption: Encrypt RFID data during transmission and storage to prevent unauthorized access or interception. Implement strong encryption algorithms and protocols to safeguard sensitive information and ensure data confidentiality. 3. Access Controls: Implement access controls and authentication mechanisms to restrict unauthorized access to RFID data. Use role-based access control (RBAC) and user authentication to enforce least privilege principles and limit data exposure.
11 CONCLUTION RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology offers numerous benefits, including improved inventory management, enhanced supply chain visibility, and increased efficiency in various industries. However, concerns regarding privacy, security, and cost remain significant. Despite these challenges, the continued advancement and adoption of RFID technology suggest a promising future, especially as innovations address existing limitations.
12 REFRENCE https://www.bharian.com.my/amp/berita/nasional/2022/01/912951/plus-perlu-segeraselesai-isu-rfid-fomca https://www.bharian.com.my/amp/berita/nasional/2022/01/912951/plus-perlu-segeraselesai-isu-rfid-fomca https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/12/05/multi-lane-free-flowproject-hits-barrier-as-highway-companies-protest/ https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2023/01/925299/plus-tambah-lorong-rfid