Inclusion of women in leadership, Source: SomReP File Photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................i
ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... v
1.0: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ - 1 -
1.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................. - 1 -
GAP Training, Source: SomReP: File Photo....................................................................................... - 2 -
2.0: CONTEXT.................................................................................................................................... - 3 -
3.0: EVOLUTION OF THE GENDER AGENDA AT SOMREP/WVS........................................... - 8 -
3.1.1 Evolution of Gender Agenda ................................................................................................ - 8 -
3.2 GESI findings from Gender Analysis .................................................................................. - 9 -
3.2.1 Systems ........................................................................................................................ - 9 -
3.2.2 Access and Control ...................................................................................................... - 9 -
3.2.3. Decision making ............................................................................................................. - 12 -
3.2.3 Participation ............................................................................................................... - 13 -
3.2.4 Wellbeing................................................................................................................... - 14 -
4.0: THE STRATEGIC APPROACH ............................................................................................. - 16 -
4.1 Guiding Principles.................................................................................................................. - 16 -
4.2. Vision .................................................................................................................................... - 17 -
4.3 Theory of Change................................................................................................................... - 17 -
4.4 Strategic Objectives ............................................................................................................... - 19 -
4.4.1 Enhancing GESI in the Internal Architecture of WVS and SomReP .............................. - 19 -
4.4.2 Empowering Women, Girls PWDs and IDPs to Access Finance and Markets for Resilience
and Sustainable Livelihoods ..................................................................................................... - 20 -
4.4.4 Enhancing Capacity and Wellbeing of Socially Target Groups. ..................................... - 20 -
4.4.4 Promoting GESI Transformative Legal and Policy Environment through Advocacy,
Capacity Building and Dialogue............................................................................................... - 21 -
5.0. GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION MAINSTREAMING ................................................. - 23 -
5.1 Official Statement on GESI ................................................................................................... - 23 -
5.2 Capacity Building of staff on GESIe ..................................................................................... - 23 -
5.2.1 Tools to Integrate GESI into Programing ........................................................................ - 23 -
5.3 GESI Mainstreaming in Program/Project Cycle. ................................................................... - 24 -
5.4 Build Local Partners including federal, State, Local Governments, CSOs and Local
Community-Based Organization Capacity......................................................................... - 26 -
6.0 GESI ISSUES, STRATEGIES AND KEY INDICATORS BY STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES- 27 -
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy ii
7.0 SOMREP GENDER MONITORING PLAN .............................................................................. - 33 -
7.1 Risks and Mitigation Measures .............................................................................................. - 43 -
8.0 WAY FORWARD...................................................................................................................... - 44 -
Source: Woman engaged in Micro-enterprises, Source: SomReP File photo ................................ - 44 -
ANNEX. 1 GLOSSARY ITEMS......................................................................................................... - 45 -
ANNEX II: REFERENCE .................................................................................................................. - 46 -
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy iii
ACRONYMS
AAH Action Against Hunger
ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
ADRA Adventist Development Relief Assistance
CARE Cooperative American Relief Everywhere
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale
CRC Covenant on the Rights of the Child
DME Design, Monitoring and Evaluation
DRC Danish Refugee Council
FGDs Focus Group Discussion
FGM Female Genital Mutilation
FHHH Female Headed House Holds
HH Households
GAP Good Agricultural Practice
GBV Gender Based Violence
GCVCA Gender Sensitive Climate Vulnerability Assessment
GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion
IDPs Internally Displaced People
KII Key Informant Interviews
MoWHRD Ministry of Women and Human Rights Development
MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
NDP National Development Plan
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
PwDs People with Disabilities
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SomReP Somalia Resilience Program
UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution
VSLA Village Savings and Loaning Associations
WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene
WVI World Vision International
WVS World Vision Somalia
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Breinscope Consultants Limited Team, would like to thank SomReP and World Vision Somalia and
partners for giving us the opportunity to develop this Gender Strategy.
Our special gratitude thank is extended to the leadership and staff of SomRep partner organizations:
World Vision Somalia, OXFAM, Action Against Hunger, Adventist Development Relief Agency
(ADRA), Cooperative American Relief Everywhere (CARE), Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI),
Danish Refugee Council (DRC) for the insightful comments at the validation of the strategy.
Special appreciation to WVS and SomReP leadership for taking tie of to provide detailed feedback on
the draft Gender Strategy.
I would like to thank the team of consultants; Hezbourne Ouma Ong’elleh, Linet Obare and Irene
Bandaru for their dedication and commitment to finalize this Gender Strategy.
A very special appreciation to the SomRep Donor Advisory group for providing clear vison for the
Gender Strategy and supporting the process.
All the acts of commissions and omissions arising from the development of the Gender Strategy are of
the consultants and not of World Vision Somalia or SomReP and partners.
Nelly Badaru
Lead Consultant
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Gender Strategy is informed by the results of a Gender Analysis assessment commissioned by Somalia
Resilience Programme (SomReP) and World Vision Somalia (WVS) and partners. The aim of the assessment was to
understand the dynamics that influence Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) and provide recommendation
on how to address the issues of access, decision making, participation, systems and wellbeing for those impacted by
gender inequality and social exclusion.
The objectives of the Gender Strategy are:
• Enhancing GESI in the internal architecture of WVS and SomReP.
• Empowering vulnerable women, girls, men, boys, IDPs & PWDs to access finance and markets for
resilience and sustainable livelihoods
• Enhance capacity and wellbeing of socially excluded target groups.
• Promoting GESI transformative legal and policy environment through advocacy, capacity building and
dialogue.
The Gender inequality emanates from the unequal power relations between men and women, boys and girls. The
beliefs, values and norms structure unfair gender division of labor favoring men to focus on productive and
community responsibilities that earn money and give them decision making authority. While women and girls are
assigned repetitive reproduction roles of caring for children, sick people and the family which does not earn income
and their labor is not valued in national economic statistics. Social exclusion comes partly from the negative
attitudes of society against people with disability who are viewed as bad omen and a burden to the family and
community which is exacerbated by the inability of PWDs to move due to the physical impairment, see or talk
(vision and hearing impairments). The situation is aggravated by the long-term conflict and periodic floods and
drought which cause displacement, eroding the people of their life long livelihood. Again, women face the brunt
more compared to men since the women have to embrace new roles not culturally assigned. Men and boys get
recruited to rebel ranks or face clan revenge while PWD get recruited by rebels as bombers. This inequality
permeant through the traditional clan, religious system to governments structures and system. Giving women 30% in
positions of leadership and authority after decades of inequality falls short of the glory, despite some of the enabling
legal framework such as the constitution, NDP-9 policy and Somalia women’s charter. The system limits
marginalized peoples access to opportunities, participation in productive sectors and leadership positions at
household and community level were decision making on resources and opportunities are made which ultimately
affects the well-being of vulnerable marginalized groups.
Mainstream gender in the programs will enable SomReP/WVS to address the deficit of access, participation,
decision making, well-being and the skewed system suffered by vulnerable women, men, boys, girls, PWDs and
IDPs as a result of long-term gender inequality and social exclusion.
SomReP/WVS envisions Somalia where all the people have equal opportunity to develop their full potential
regardless of gender, age, disability, creed, clan, IDPs and other socio-economic and political status.
The Gender Strategy is guided by the key principles of: Tailored approaches in fragile contexts; Gendered
knowledge generation to inform decision making; Gender sensitive COVID-19 response, Synergy and enhanced
delivery capacity of staff and partners; Strategic alignment to legal and policies frameworks and; Resource
optimization.
The Gender Strategy is anchored on four Strategic Areas that challenge the five GESI domains of access,
participation, decision making, wellbeing and systems that affect marginalized women, men, boys, girls and PWDs
in order to achieve a positive outcome.
Across the five domains of GESI, the SomRep Theory of Change entails operationalizing strategic areas of
empowering women girls, IDPs & PWDs through access to finance and markets for resilience and sustainable
livelihoods; enhancing capacity and wellbeing of socially excluded vulnerable groups; enhancing GESI in the
internal architecture of WVS and SomReP policies and programs; and promoting GESI transformative laws and
policies environment through capacity building advocacy and dialogue.
The expected outputs are business growth, household income and financial empowerment; capacity for disaster
management built; holistic wellbeing of women, youth, PWDs in education, health & water; legal and policy
framework that espouses GESI; and at a program level, SomReP/WVS ought to identify and develop, policies,
governance structure and systems, human resources, finance, planning & budgeting, Service delivery, relationships/
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy vi
and M & E. The programme outcome is an equally empowered woman, youth, boys, girls and PWDs that benefit
from SomRep programs resulting in an impact of reduced Gender Inequality and social exclusion in SomRep
programing. The enablers of this change are Monitoring and Evaluation, Capacity Development, Resource
Mobilization, Partnership Development, Governance & Accountability.
GESI mainstreaming will take place in four phases:
GESI Transformative Mandate, Policies and Programming: WV/SomReP need to develop statement on GESI to
reflect organizational commitment in the mandate, identity and culture for dissemination to all internal stakeholders;
who espouse these values and share with external stakeholders.
Internal Architecture Capacity building: Raise awareness on the fundamentals of GESI to management and staff;
communicate the envisioned organizational change; provide knowledge on legal frameworks both international and
national to Somalia; the principles of GESI and how it impacts on the program outcomes; and impact skills and
positive attitude to plan, implement and monitor GESI transformative programming.
GESI Integration in policies and programs: Review all organizational policies, guidelines and standard operating
procedures to be reflect GESI principles. This will include applying and GESI in the four stages of program/project
cycle: Initiation, Formulation, Implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Build local partner capacity: The capacity building will include Federal, State and Local Governments, clan and
religious leaders, CSOs and Local Community committee leaders, youth organizations and youth networks, women
organizations and networks, PWD networks to promote gender equality and social inclusion. Conscientize women,
girls, men, boys, PWDs and other excluded social groups about their rights and build their esteem and empower
them to demand for equality, inclusion and accountability.
The key anticipated risks and mitigation measures envisaged in implementing GESI include:
Possible lack of buy-in amongst various stakeholders: SomReP staff, partners, government, and CSOs to support
the delivery of interventions which will require mainstream of GESI into SomReP knowledge management and
learning activities as well as policy advocacy and awareness-raising efforts with both internal and external
stakeholders.
The lack of resources to finance GESI calls for SomReP/WVS to mobilize funds for impactful and innovative
projects with a GESI focus.
Inadequate monitoring and reporting on GESI aspects in program implementation will need SomReP/WVS to
develop and deploy standardized GESI Monitoring & Evaluation tools for review and reporting to track GESI
indicators. And support research for best practices on GESI to create a deep knowledge base to help partners to
become centers of excellence and;
The negative attitude from the society given that the gender strategy seeks to change deeply rooted cultural norms
and practices will require SomReP to engage male clan and religious leaders as agents of change. Design youth
programs to address gender inequality issues within society with a view to change their attitude.
Way forward:
• Institute a GESI mainstreaming committee comprising of SomReP and WVS staff from all departments and
programs to oversee the implementation of this Strategy. This may be called the GESI Champions Committee
(Team - GCC).
• The GCC will develop a detailed Action plan for GESI mainstreaming in SomReP and WVS with clear targets
and timeframe.
• SomReP/WVS will promote exchange weeks between Campions and other program staff and periodic learning
events.
• Team- GCC to support review of project documents, reports and other important documents to ensure
mainstreaming of GESI is achieved and;
• Progress on the implementation of the Strategy need to be discussed at all levels: Senior Management meetings,
Technical Units meeting and Steering Committee interaction where all members based on hierarchy provide
updates on the action points handled in mainstreaming GESI.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy vii
Women looking after goats and trading it: Source: SomReP File Photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy viii
1.0: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
This SomReP Gender Strategy was informed by the Gender Analysis undertaken in Somalia. The Gender
Analysis used participatory process where consultations were made with the key stakeholders including
SomReP consortium member staff World Vision Somalia, ADRA, DRC, AAH ACF, COOPI, CARE
and Oxfam) at head office and in the field; Federal, State and Local Government representatives; Other
NGOs working in Somalia Key informant interviews with SomReP staff at head Office and the field,
partner organization staff, Local, State and Federal Government representatives, organizations/networks
of People with Disability (PWDs), Youth Organizations, Women organizations, Cultural/Clan Leaders,
Religious Leaders, Village Development Committees, producer groups, VSLA groups and the men,
women, boys, girls and people with disability (PWDs) across board in Somalia.
The key objectives were to:
Objective I: Revise/update a joint Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Strategy for SomReP and WVS
taking into consideration gender and other dynamics across all the SomReP and WVS themes of
Economic Empowerment, Agriculture (crop and Livestock production), Community Disaster Risks
Management, Education, Child Protection, GBV Response, Food and Cash Assistance, Health &
Nutrition and WASH.
Objective II: Develop a monitoring plan of key gender indicators for each sector (Economic
Empowerment, Agriculture (crop and Livestock production) and Community Disaster Risks Management
under SomReP; Education, Child Protection, GBV Response, Food and Cash Assistance, Health &
Nutrition and WASH.
This gender strategy is therefore developed to enhance SomReP’s commitment to promote Gender
Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) within its organization and programming though out Somalia. The
strategy highlights the gender context in Somalia; evolution of gender in SomReP, key gender issues
based on the Gender Analysis; Strategic Approach including guiding principles, vision and theory of
change; Strategic objectives; Mainstreaming of GESI in SomReP; Monitoring and Evaluation; Associated
risks and mitigation strategies and way forward.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -1-
GAP Training, Source: SomReP: File Photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -2-
2.0: CONTEXT
GESI requires all the citizens of a nation to have access to and control of resources as well as opportunity
to participate, make decisions in an inclusive system that ensures the wellbeing of all regardless of
gender, ethnicity, creed, infirmity, political and social economic level in society.
Globally, the United Nations has set a framework for countries to commit to Gender equality and women
and girls empowerment though key covenant’s especially: The United Nations Security Council
Resolution (UNSCR 1325) on women and peace; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979, as an international standard for the
protection and promotion of women’s right; Beijing Platform for action since 1995 adopted by 189
countries and the most comprehensive global agenda on women’s empowerment, equality, poverty,
education, training, and health; and in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5) aimed to
achieve gender equality and women and girls’ empowerment. The Federal Government of Somalia has
considered the International Covenant on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities but is yet to ratify and
domesticate CEDAW; adopt Beijing platform of Action; develop a national Action plan for UNSCR
1325 and comprehensively implement the SDG 5. Adoption of these conventions makes Somalia as a
country to be accountable not only to its citizens but also to the global community.
The African Union recognizes the gender inequality the sweeps the continent and the need for women
and girls empowerment as a result in February 2020, declared 2020-2030 as the second African Women’s
Decade, focusing on the financial inclusion of African women1to ensure women are central in Africa’s
development agenda. Somalia as a member state is bound to adopt and implement. While Somalia has
ratified the African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted in 1981 and came into force
in 1986, its yet to ratified and domesticate the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s
Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (the Maputo Protocol) in 2003 and entry into force in 2005,
which enshrines elimination of discrimination against women and to ensure the protection of the rights of
women as stipulated in international declarations and conventions.
Somalia seen as a model among the group of fragile nations recovering from years of conflict is largely a
homogenous society in terms of ethnicity, language, religion and cultural/social norms/values.
The governance system in Somalia consists of the Federal, State and Local governments; the traditional
clan system and sharia (religion) that have established power hierarchies, vested interests and entrenched
cultural norms. It is a patriarchal system that has limited space for women and girl’s role, voice and
status.
The dominant clans determine the level of participation in decision making2, legislative outcomes,
decisions on resource allocation including positions of authority. There are unequal representation of
women and people with disability (PWDs) in elective and appointed leadership positions at tradition clan
system such as the Nabadoons3 and political parties and government as a whole. For instance, in the last
election of only 24% of the 329 members (78.96) of Parliament were women and yet these are decision
making arenas for the country’s resources.
1 au.int/en/press releases/2020.1015/end-african-womens-decade-tracking-progress-commitment
2 Definition of Gender Concepts. Annex 1.
3 Nabadoons are traditional leadership positions that are intermediaries between political elites and their kin.
These operate at the sub-clan level as local authorities who adjudicate disputes and oversee land tenure matters.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -3-
Islamic Sharia has provisions which offer women more rights (for example women can inherit property of
their father) than Xeer, the, Sharia is only administered by men. Hence its application favors men more
than women.
In Somalia, the constitution provides legal framework for upholding the rights of women and girls and
their empowerment to address the age long gender inequality. Others include: the National Youth Policy;
the Somalia Recovery and Resilience Framework (2018); and the Somali Women’s Convention on the
Role and Participation of Women in Peace and Security (2019), Puntland FGM Policy (2015) (unofficial
translation), Somaliland Rape and Sexual Offences Bill (2015) (unofficial translation), and Puntland Rape
Act (2016) (unofficial translation) among others.
Despite existence of the constitution of Somalia that provides for equality before the law, non-
discrimination against any person on the grounds of clan, ethnic or social origin, disability and sex gender
inequality and social exclusion is still rampant. Women are considered as minor like children because men
have to be guarantors for women to get national Identity cards, get credit, visit hospitals and got for any
activity. Either their husbands or their relatives have to escort women; speak on their behalf and make
decisions for them. The governance systems are implemented by men hence women have limited chance
to receive justice and fair treatment before the laws. The women, girls and PWDs therefore have limited
access and participation in decision making at household, community and societal levels.
The over 30 years of conflict, periodic floods and drought have led to 2.6m displacement leaving many
women as headed households and exacerbated vulnerability due to loss of livelihood, poverty, famine,
deprivation and food insecurity, diseases for animals and humans in addition to the endemic clan, sub clan
ethnic minority inequalities. (4.1M # of food insecure people; 1.3M # of people in emergency and crisis;
2.8M # of people in stress & 1M # of children would be malnourished (OCHA Feb 14, 2021)
According to SHDS 2020, 31% of household heads are women, 74% of women aged 15-49 have never
attended school and 88% of women have no access to newspapers, radio or television at least once a
week.
Women have generally low education 46% in urban areas and 84% (SHDS 2020) among rural areas
especially nomadic communities. Total literacy rate is 37% of which 25.8%F and 49.7%M
(Africa.unwomen.org, 2019) 65% of Somalia economy depends on agriculture. In employment: 9% of
women are employed of which 18% do not get paid; 49% are self-employed and 42% stay at home care
giving unpaid labor (SHDS 2020). Ethnic minority groups and households face protection challenges and
end up experiencing arbitrary evictions, arrests, sexual violation, and discrimination or denial of access to
services.
Intersectionality of clan, age, gender, disability status, displacement status, creates multiple barriers and
unequal power relations within dominant and minority clans and between men and women, giving women
limited opportunity to participate and engage in the political, socio-economic and governance structures
and systems. Women and girls thus have constrained access to resource allocation, leadership positions of
authority, protection and remain poor, vulnerable and the wellbeing of women, men, boys, girls and
PWDs compromised. They further experience denial of humanitarian assistance; experience child/early
marriage, low education status and harmful cultural practices like female genital mutilation (FGM) which
violates the rights of especially women and girls. As a result, globally, Gender Inequality Index for
Somalia is 0.776, the 4th highest in the world.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -4-
The impact of Covid 19 is already being felt by the vulnerable women, men, boys and girls/PWD since
remittances from abroad have reduced since the advent of Covid 19.
The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) as well as the states has shown commitment to advance
gender equality and women’s empowerment at different levels and with varying degrees. The Ministry of
Women and Human Rights Development (MoWHRD) is mandate to strengthen women’s participation in
political and public decision-making processes; in particular, advance the role of Somali Women as
peace-builders, economic actors and figures central to the promotion of community stability and social
cohesion.
The National Development Plan 9 (NDP-9) primary focus is to alleviate poverty and build resilience as a
cornerstone for addressing the socio-economic challenges in 2020-2024. The key pillars of strengthening
gender, human rights and other kinds of social equity; inclusive and accountable politics; economic
empowerment and Social development recognize the under representation of women in all spheres of life
including the workforce, the increasing feminization of poverty which entrenches women into gendered
roles within and outside of the domestic space exacerbates gender inequality. NDP-9 has adopted gender
mainstreaming as a cross-cutting theme to strengthen gender and other kinds of social inequity, focusing
on vulnerable groups especially Internally Displaced persons (IDPs) women and girls’ empowerments;
Building the resilience of households, communities and government and; Prioritizing durable solutions to
long term displacement.
The Somalia Women’s Charter is cognizant of that fact that women’s economic empowerment, their full
inclusion and participation, access to socio-economic rights and governance are a foundation for equality
and sustainable peace and development. The Charter provides for equity, equality and non-discrimination
to nurture the resourcefulness and resilience of Somali women; zero tolerance to gender-based violence
including female genital mutilation (FGM); compulsory education for women and girls, justice for all;
equal access, ownership and control over resources and promoting inclusive innovation. The realization of
this charter calls for engagement of the men, women, boys, girls and PWDs and the governance structures
and systems to make deliberate effort to address the inherent inequalities.
The cultural, gender age, disability and IDP repute aggravates inequality of power relations within clans
and between men and women. This minimizes women and PWDs opportunity to engage in socio-
political, economic governance space. Access to resources, political power positions and protection get
eroded. Poverty affects the wellbeing of women, men, boys, girls and PWDs.
Due to existing discriminatory socio-cultural practices and political processes, Somali women and girls
are under-represented in mainstream development efforts and their needs and concerns are de-prioritized
and underserved. Systematic and concerted efforts, and efficient` mechanisms are required to overcome
the challenges of gender inequality and reverse the negative trends for women.
SomReP Donor Advisory Group endorsed conducting of the Gender Analysis to inform the development
of the Gender Strategy for heightening gender mainstreaming and social inclusion in the programs. In its
efforts to support the realization of Somalia’s development priorities and the SDGs, SomReP remains
committed to addressing and overcoming disparities and discrimination of all forms and kinds, and
promote an inclusive and gender equitable society.
SomReP is anchored on NDP –9 cross cutting imperative of building resilience of households,
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -5-
communities and government to address climate change, conflict, cultural barriers to gender equality,
governance and poverty. Through this Gender Strategy, SomReP will mainstream gender, human rights,
and durable solutions to displacement, in its programming to support three key pillars:
For Inclusive Politics (Pillar 1), SomReP provides technical capacity for state level institutions to ensure
gender balance for focal points and equal opportunity for training. This involves promoting affirmative
action to ensure participation of women and marginalized groups/clans in decision making in leadership
positions. In economic and civic engage at least 30% women on all governance committees of producer
groups, VSLAs, Natural Resource Management Committees among others. Diaspora role models and
women Ambassador’s at international level for women and girls to emulate while within Somalia Women
Peace Ambassadors are secured for peace and conflict resolution.
The SomReP economic empowerment program responds to NDP Pillar 3, inclusive growth across sectors
of the economy. The short- term employment cash-for work; the agronomical training to enhance
livestock and crop production including establishment of kitchen gardens and grants for developing
agriculture-value chains and; diaspora fund-raising contributes to the establishment of the producer
groups and VSLAs which target vulnerable women (70% women) including female headed households
and youth. Training in vocational skills and strengthening of these groups enable women to access
finances, establish enterprises, make decisions on markets value chains and establish back and forward
linkages with business partners.
In response to NDP 4 Social Development, SomReP undertakes gender climate vulnerability capacity
assessment (GCVCA) to identify the needs of the vulnerable people and develop community action and
adaptation plan. This enhances the balancing of gender in committees and inclusion of women’s voice in
priorities for water hygiene and sanitation, health including maternal and child health, education,
community disaster risk management, cash transfers and early warning system for climate smart
programming.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -6-
Unequal gender division of labour, Source: SomReP File Photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -7-
3.0: EVOLUTION OF THE GENDER AGENDA AT SOMREP/WVS
3.1.1 Evolution of Gender Agenda
WVI in 2017 initiated a process of developing gender mainstreaming framework which defines the key
stages of: Gender equality, gender continuum (moving gender from exploitative, blind, sensitive to gender
transformative); gender analysis and measuring change.
SomReP partners started work in Somalia since 2011. However, over time they have realized that gender
inequality within Somalia negatively impacts on the project outcome for vulnerable men, women, boys,
girls and PWDs.
In 2019, SomReP started to develop gender strategy which culminated in undertaking of the gender
analysis in Somalia to inform development of this gender strategy for SomReP. Through this strategy,
SomReP/WVS will contribute to addressing GESI in Somalia.
3.1.2 Understanding Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI)
Gender inequality emanates from power inequality between men and women, boys and girls influenced
by the social construct grounded in the beliefs, norms and values of that particular society imparted
through socialization. In Somalia the requirements of a male guarantor reduce women to minor (children)
status where women have limited access and control over opportunities, resources. For example, a woman
needs a male guarantor get a national identity card; access financial services especially credit; to open a
bank account; travel to places including hospital; access education; buy land and acquire property;
participate in community and political space. As a result, men make decision at households, Community
and even government at all levels of local, state and Federal levels. This impacts negatively on women
and girl’s access and control of resources, opportunities which affects their wellbeing. In such a
patriarchal system, women, girls including PWD women especially in rural areas and peri-urban IDP
camps suffer unprecedented levels of inequality and exclusion.
The cultural norms and values exhibited through the clan system forms the bedrock for socialization,
gender division of labor, and determines access and control of resources and opportunities and decision
making especially by the dominant clans which have limited opportunity for women’s role, voice and
status and minority clans in society. Social exclusion comes with community attitude and belief to PWDs
who are seen as bad omen and a burden to the household and community. PWDs who are men have better
chance to participate in decision making as heads of households or clan leaders but PWD women get
relegated to the backward.
Exclusion can also be due to age for example children in focus group discussion reported not being
involved in decision making at home and not even being consulted including on issues for their education.
Decision making according to them was a domain of their fathers or adults in the household. In the same
way, youth both boys and girls also reported that making decisions about their lives and future including
for girls were arranged marriages were done by their parents/guardians.
Exclusion by disability was as a result of many factors including: immobility where physically excluded
to access some facilities for example in schools, health centers and water and sanitation facilities in the
displace persons’ camps. Due to lack of assistive devices some PWDs with hearing and sight impairments
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -8-
get excluded from training opportunities, leadership positions and education. IDPs get excluded
sometimes from humanitarian assistance, access to land and leadership positions because of their IDP
status. Lack of education has limited women’s access to leadership positions and their participation in
some of the socio-economic activities within the community. Meanwhile minority clans suffer exclusion
in terms of security, land, political space and positions, employment opportunities to mention but a few
because they do not have the power/influence to access opportunities.
3.2 GESI findings from Gender Analysis
3.2.1 Systems
The governance system of Somalia starts from the household to community including the traditional clan
system, the sharia (religious) and the formal government at local, state and federal level. At household
level, men are culturally considered as heads of households and therefore are responsible to make or all
decisions in the home about finances, opportunities, education, home supply and health among others
except where female headed HHs exists especially among IDPs. Still the women do not have the same
power as men. Male relatives or husband’s representatives will be called upon to make decisions which
are not for women for example issues of education and marriage.
At Community level: The traditional clan values and beliefs permeants into all governance systems both
government and religion. The four dominant clans control the socio-economic and political lands cape of
Somalia in terms of representation in leadership for elective and appointed positions.
The minority clans get marginalized. Since clan system is based on patriarchy, it promotes gender
inequality and limits women and girl’s participation in governance structures and systems. Although the
Federal government has provided for 30% women representation in all public position, at national level
there is a good start with women occupying 24% of the current Parliament (Somalia.gov.so/parliament
.2020), this is still far worse at state and local government level for example in which needs to be
cascaded to State and Local Governments levels.
The gender equality laws and policies such as provisions in the constitution, NDP-9 and Somalia
Women’s charter; Puntland FGM Policy (2015), Rape Act (2016) Somaliland Rape and Sexual Offences
Bill (2015) need to be operationalized across Somalia while other regulations and International
conventions need to be passed, ratified, adopted and or domesticated and national Action plans developed
for especially UNCR1325.
3.2.2 Access and Control
Building resilience is the reason SomReP exits. SomReP enhance access to finance and markets by
building capacity of vulnerable women, men, girls, boys, PWDs and female headed households and host
communities whose livelihoods have been disrupted due to conflict, floods and drought. Access to finance
through VSLAs; training in climate smart agronomical skills; enhancing capacity for efficient and
effective disaster response; Opportunities for leadership to enhance women, PWDs, girls’ and boys’ to
access resources and opportunities.
Access and control: Access, control of resources and opportunities within the household and community
can be influenced by the cultural beliefs gender, filtering system for women and girls; education level,
location whether in urban or rural areas, leadership position and finance.
Access to HH finance and factors of production:
The respondents reported (20F, 80% M) have access to finance and factors of production.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy -9-
The reasons for not accessing included: lack of disposable assets (100%M) which means all assets in the
household are under the control of men; illiteracy (94.1%F, 5.9%M) more women than men are illiterate;
environmental factors (91.2%F, 8.2%M) especially floods and drought affect women more than men; lack
of security to access credit (90.3%F, 9.7%M) women own no property hence have no collateral/security
to access credit or loans; Not HH head (84%F,16%M) since women are youth are not household heads
they cannot own assets; we rely on cash transfers (75%F, 25%M) many depend on transfers from
diaspora but with Covid 19, that has drastically reduced; low agricultural productivity (75%F, 25%M);
poverty (72.6%F, 27.4%M) drought and floods affects both animals and crops and soil fertility are poor in
some regions like Puntland contribute to low productivity and; lack of HH finances (71.7%F, 28.3%M)
despite the fact that women form 90% of SomReP VSLA, women are still more affected with lack of
finances at the household compared to men.
Strategies for improvement:
Enhancing access to credit through VSLA while addressing gender dynamics within the
household to enable women to make decisions about finances and own property;
Educate girls for the long term sustainability and introduce innovative functional adult literacy
(FAL) for adult women so that women can be able to read, write and understand numeracy to
keep record of their businesses; FAL could also incorporate issues of SRHR and nutrition to
enhance women’s capacity in nutrition and child health;
Sensitization communities about the need for equal access of finance and factors of production by
women and youth to improve productivity;
Engaging vulnerable target groups in IGA;
Provide TVET and artisan training for youth and PWDs to build their skills for livelihood;
Promote development of climate smart agriculture and its value chains to involve women;
Promote peaceful co-existence among the communities including dominant and minority clans;
Strengthening of governance structures to lobby and to review existing policies to be in tandem
with the needs and spiration of community.
Access to land:
Respondents reported that (17%F, 83%M) have access to land. The reasons for not accessing land
included: biased inheritance (93.9%F, 6.2%M) only boys and men inherit more compared to girls and
women; prevalence of conflict (92.9%F, 7.1%M) which has made some people to abandon their homes
and become displaced; cultural barriers (89.8%F, 10.2%M) such as belief that land must be owned by
men; land is owned by the community (76.7%F, 23.3%M) and; we do not have land (68.1%F, 31.9%M).
In all areas of access to land women are worse off. While women in the agricultural sector have user
access, they do not own land except women in urban areas and engaged in business who can buy land.
The men have to guarantee such transactions.
Strategies to address access to land:
Regularization of land tenure system;
Land registration; s
Sensitization of community to value land as a factor of production;
Engaging men to change their cultural barriers that stop women from access and ownership of
land and empower women financially to own land and;
Make use of the Islamic teaching that emphasizes inheritance for all children regardless of
gender.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 10 -
Access to Economic Empowerment:
SomReP empowered the target groups through the following ways:
Access to No % Yes % Reasons for not access Strategies to address the constraints
credit 62% 38% Lack of male guarantor; No Change of community mind set since it’s
not by law or sharia; Increase VSLA
(21F, VSLA in my area; lack of outreach, raise awareness about VSLA
opportunity, financial empowerment of
52.5M) awareness of any MIF/Savings especially women and PWDs
group; lack
of collateral/security.
Business 76.7% 23.3 Lack of awareness of BDS; Sensitization of community; Sharing of
Development 74.8% (11.8F Time constrains; BDS does not roles at the HH between men/boys and
services (BDS) 33.1M exist in my area women and girls. Expand out- reach
Enterprise 25.2 Lack of awareness; Time Sensitization, Sharing roles, Financial
development (13.4F, constraints, lack of Income to empowerment to get capital for
33.5M invest investment
Language 86.4% 13.6 No organization offering Make program activities visible.
training (13.4F
13.7M) services in my area; lack of
awareness about the
opportunity; language barrier
and lack of time
Key Issues: The coverage is low; lack of information about the project makes the target groups miss on
the opportunities for empowerment; Time constraints limits access to empowerment.
The limited information about the program and time constraints contributes to low uptake of the program
among others.
SomReP needs to disseminate information about the project and review timing of program
activities to enhance uptake.
Indebtedness among target group
Indebtedness in the HH: Respondents reported 57.8% (49.6%F, 64.7%M) are indebted and 42.8% are not.
The causes of indebtedness included:
Borrowing for education (58.3% M, 41.7% F); borrowing for food (58.2% M, 41.8%F); borrowing for
medication (58% M, 42%F); displacement (53. % M, 46.2%F); floods (76.9%M, 23.1%F); drought
(73.5% M, 26.5%F) and; collapse in business (76.7% M, 23.3%F).
This shows women have difficulty in accessing credit. E.G Study done by SomReP and Oxfam among
150 women sampled in Somaliland Women Business’ to Finance in Somaliland (2021) revealed 9% (14
women) applied for credit only 4.5% (7) accessed the credit. The major constraints were the lack of a
male guarantor to guarantee the loan, and to enable women get national identity cards to open bank
accounts and lack of collateral/security since women do not own disposable household assets like land
and have no authority over family finances to mention a few.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 11 -
Access to leadership opportunities
Access No % Yes% Reasons for not accessing Solutions
VDCs 56.2 43.8 I was not selected by Criteria for VDC should inclusive of
(23.5F, community members; VDC minority clans, women and IDPs
Producer 85.7 61.2M) positions are reserved for
groups dominant clans and Host Capacity building in leadership and
14.3 communities, cultural beliefs organizational skills and NGOs to
(10.1F, that burr women from sharing participatorily develop criteria
18.0M) platforms with men
31 I did not fall in the criteria
(21.F, used by NGOs, lack of skills
39M) and capacity, lack of
organized producer groups in
my area
MSMEs 89 Illiteracy, lack of business FAL; Expand business skills training;
skills, poor business provide linkages with MFIs; lobby for
environment, lack of MFI enabling policy environment,
institutions in localities. establish market linkages and
strengthen CDRM
WASH Mgt 72.1 27.9 No time to be a leader, Leadership skills building; provide
Committees (14.3F Dominance by men, conflicts alternative water sources for humans
39.6M) between pastoralists and HHs and animals; building skills of women
use, lack of leadership skills, and their self-esteem.
Education of 51.9% 48.1% High cost of education Financial empowerment and
children of Poverty among FHHH institutionalization of women groups;
FHHH Children contributing to Provision of sponsorship for FHHH
family livelihood children; Mentorship for children
Lack of a patriarchal head Building safe houses for abused
children especially girls; Enforcement
of children’s right to education
3.2.3. Decision making
The power dynamics is based on the unequal power relations between men and women, boys and girls
constructed by the societal norms, beliefs and values. Culturally men as heads of households are
responsible to make decision. Even when a woman is heading the household she gets constrained to make
decisions for example about education, girls’ marriage an elder or relative of the husband or her male
relatives opinions have to be sought.
Household decision making: respondents reported 67.9% (40.3 F and 89.9% M) make decisions and
32.19% (59.7% F and 10.1% M) reported they do not make decisions and they were mainly youth (15-
30years).
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 12 -
Household decision making: respondents reported 67.9% (40.3 F and 89.9% M) make decisions 32.19%
(59.7% F and 10.1% M). Reasons for constraints include: cultural beliefs ((94.6% F 9.4% M); lack of
self-esteem & confidence (92.6% F & 7.4% M); knowledge (92.3F, 7.7M), constraints due to disability
87.5%F, 12.5%M) and lack of opportunity to participate in decision making for youth (77.1%F, 23.9%F)
Community level: respondents reported 52.7% (26.9%F, 74.8%M) makes decisions and 47.3% do not.
The reasons for not making decisions were: illiteracy (85.2%F, 14.8%M); Cultural barriers (82.6% F,
17.4%M), Institutional barriers (75.5%F, 22.5M); disability (69.2F, 30.8M), others include lack of:
community support, lack of decision-making skills, poor coordination between community and
development partners and; time constraints.
How to address the constraints:
At HH level:
Sharing roles at the HHs with men and boys;
Training women in decision making skills and FAL to improve their understanding and build
their self-esteem and confidence;
Sensitize cultural and religious leaders to change the cultural norms and provide women and
youth opportunity to make decisions;
Educate girls/PWDs for long term esteem/confidence building;
Provide assistive devices for PWDS to express themselves
At Community level:
Training in decision making;
capacity building of communities on participatory decision making;
Promote joint planning to improve coordination among development partners;
Training communities to advocate for their rights and demand for accountability at community,
district and national level and participatory planning of projects.
3.2.3 Participation
Participation is influenced by gender, age, disability, IDP and rural urban status. The gender division of
labor based on cultural norms and values assigns women/girls reproductive and care giving roles while
men/boys productive and community roles except in urban areas and IDP camps where some women
head HHs. Women and girls engagement in reproductive role such as caring for the family and the sick
and household chores are repetitive and hardly gives them room to participate in project or community
activities. Respondents Participation in SomRep/WVS project specific areas included the following:
Agriculture Crop production (50.0%F & 50.0%M); Agriculture Livestock production (42.9%F &
57.1%M); Economic Empowerment (34.8%F & 65.2%M); Community Disaster Reduction
Management(49.3%F & 50.7%M); Education (40% F & 60.0%M); Child Protection (75.4%F &
24.6%M); Food and cash assistance (38.8%F & 61.2%M); Health and Nutrition (48.6%F, 51.4%M);
Water and Sanitation (53.2%M, 46.8%F ); Project design (63%M, 37%F and youth 18%); Project
Implementation (57.5%M, 42.5F and youth 5%); Project Monitoring (70%M, 30%F and youth 5%);
Education (60%M 40%F); Child protection (24.6%M, 75.4F); Food and cash assistance (61.2%,
38.8%F); Health and Nutrition (51.4%M, 48.6%).
In all the actions, men have better opportunity to participate in community or project activities compared
to women except in child protection which is considered women’s role. The youth participate least of all
despite the factor that they constitute 75% of the population. The cultural values and norms that bar
women from participating at the same footing with elders keeps youth away from project activities.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 13 -
The reasons for not participating were: the filtering system where women are not to share same platform
with en and cannot speak out in public; the repetitive roles leave women and girls no time to participate in
project and community activities; some of the timing for the project activities are not convenient for
women and girls; distance to project locations and the 30% set by SomReP/WVS based on government
policy is too low bearing in mind the long inequality women have endured over the years. The 37% of
women participating in project design is too low which could imply that some of the concerns of women
may not be included in the project design. The 34.8% of women participation in economic empowerment
does not reflect the fact that over 90% of VSLA’s target women. Participation of PWDs are limited by
lack of assistive devices and the trauma due to stigmatization of PWD as being needy and a burden to the
community.
The Strategies for addressing the above issues:
The minimum criteria set for women participation is low hence SomRep/WVS could consider
increasing target for women participation in programming to parity level while addressing other
issues of power relations in the household and community.
PWD issues require sensitization of the community and confidence building of PWDs.
SomReP/WVS needs to design a special project for PWDs to address trauma, self-esteem and
skills economic empowerment.
Promote affirmative actions at community level and during policy formulation to ensure needs
and concerns of PWDs and women are addressed.
3.2.4 Wellbeing
Wellbeing is a sense of worth, capability and confidence, dignity, safety, health and overall physical,
emotional, psychological and spiritual being of a person.
Program that provides equal treatment; values the target group despite their status; builds capacity to
restore their confidence; emotional, psychological and spiritual being in a dignified environment where
men, women, girls, boys and PWDs feel safe and healthy promotes their wellbeing.
SomReP/WVS operate in an environment where community norms and beliefs shape behavior hence,
there is need for review of cultural norms about the gender division of labor; access and control of
resources, and opportunities; decision making and participation at HH, community and Societal level to
improve the wellbeing of the vulnerable people.
GESI Finding on project benefits revealed the following:
Agric-crop (47%M 53%F); Agric-livestock (52%M,48%F); Economic Empowerment (75%M,25%F);
CDRM (50%M, 50%); Education (50%M, 50%F); Child Protection (14%M, 86%F); GBV (5%M,
95%F); Food & Cash (60%M 40%F); Health & Nutrition (51%M, 49%) and; WASH (52%M, 48%F)
Constraints included:
Distance to program locations.
As such location of water and sanitation points, schools, health facilities, access roads and IDP camps are
decided by men and concerns of women and girls are not taken care of. Yet the longer the distance is
from the homes, the higher the risk for GBV affecting girls and women. And also the greater the risk of
being recruited into rebel ranks and being target for clan revenge. Defilement and rape are culturally
allowed with light penalty. Girls and women face such abuse including intimate partner abuses at home
Addressing the gender dynamics in the household and community, protection of women, children, girls,
boys and PWDs and opportunity to build their capacity to benefit from services and reduce the gender
inequality and social exclusion will be critical.
Other constraints include: unfavorable timing of program activities; program did not meet specified needs
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 14 -
and; discrimination in choosing beneficiaries
Strategies for improvement
Locate program activities closer to people
Raise awareness about program activities
Provide relevant information about programs
Involve communities to develop criteria for choosing people to benefit
Analyzing the needs of target group, their aspirations so that their humanitarian needs are met
while developing their capacity to address their inspirations that will move towards development.
Woman running a mini-grocery shop, Source: SomReP File Photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 15 -
4.0: THE STRATEGIC APPROACH
This strategy uses a twin track approach of ensuring that Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) is
mainstreamed into organizational functions, processes and systems. Additionally, it utilizes a targeted
approach by adopting specific set of targeted interventions across SomReP and WVS sectors will focus
on a particular identified at-risk group that are often excluded.
4.1 Guiding Principles
The strategy will be guided by the following principles.
i) Tailored Approaches in Fragile Contexts for example Drought, Floods and Conflict.
Recognizing that drivers of fragility like conflict, displacement, drought and famine are complex, multi-
dimensional, interlinked and evolving and that women, men, boys, girls and PWDs are affected
differently in these fragile settings, SomReP/WVS will tailor its approaches and interventions for GESI
that these fragile conditions and situations present and consider practical and strategic needs for
intervention.
ii) Gendered Knowledge Generation to Inform Decision Making.
SomReP/WVS will continue to build partnerships to generate gendered data, knowledge and to identify
best practices in gender mainstreaming and gender-focused initiatives.
SomReP/WVS will develop guidelines and standard tools to support collection and analysis of sex
disaggregated data and disseminate gendered information to relevant stakeholders for effective policy
engagement and decision making.
iii) Gender Sensitive Emergency Response.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the ever-present disparity in economic and social
livelihoods. It’s social and economic impacts have created a global crisis unparalleled in history and one
which requires a holistic response to match its sheer scale and complexity. Economic stress on families
due to the outbreak has put children, and in particular girls, at greater risk of exploitation, child labor and
gender-based violence. Evidence from previous pandemics like Ebola virus showed that quarantines and
can significantly reduce women’s economic and livelihood activities, increasing poverty rates, and
exacerbating food insecurity. The effects of Covid-19 are not any different. Every pandemic response
plan, every recovery package and budgeting of resources, needs to address the gender impacts of this
pandemic.
iv) Synergy and Enhanced Delivery Capacity (Partners)
It is imperative for SomReP/WVS to strengthen partnerships and synergy with diverse stakeholders
including Federal, State and local government institutions and other INGOs working in SomReP/WVS
areas of operation with technical assistance to empower them with the tailored tools, capacities and
knowledge to promote GESI effectively. Partnering with Somalis in the diaspora to be improved with
their detailed involvement as advocates for positive gendered change in Somalia.
v) Resource Optimization
SomReP/WVS will ensure that all resources are used to further GESI principles of access and control,
participation, decision making, systems and wellbeing of target groups.
vi) Strategic Alignment
SomReP/WVS strategy is aligned to the NDP-9 pillars and Somalia Women’s Charter and other
relevant policies including the cross cutting imperatives of building resilience, Gender and human
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 16 -
rights through CDRM, Livelihood, economic empowerment, agriculture, water and sanitation.
4.2. Vision
SomReP/WVS envisions Somalia where all the people have equal opportunity to develop their full
potential regardless of gender, age, disability, greed, clan, IDPs and other socio-economic and political
status.
4.3 Theory of Change
The current gender inequalities and social exclusion affects marginalized women, men, boys, girls, PWDs
and IDPs access to resources and opportunities; limits their participation in productive activities and
decision making in a patriarchal system dominated by men in traditional clan, religious system that
influence government operations, negatively impacting on the well-being of marginalized people.
Empowering the marginalized with opportunities to access finance and markets to secure their sustainable
livelihoods; enhancing their capacity and providing critical services in health, nutrition, education, food
and cash, water and sanitation women; promoting an enabling policy and legal environment that supports
equality for all requires SomReP/WVS to strengthen its internal capacity to deliver GESI transformative
services.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 17 -
Theory of Change STRATEGIC AREAS EXPECTED
Business growth
GESI 5 Empowering women girls, P income and fina
Access IDPs & PWDs through access o empowerment.
Decision Making to finance and markets for l Capacity for disa
Participation resilience and sustainable i built.
livelihoods c
Well -being y Holistic w
Enhancing capacity and women, you
Systems wellbeing of socially D education, he
excluded vulnerable groups i
a WVS/SomReP
Enhancing GESI in the internal l culture, policies
architecture of WVS and o structure and sy
SomReP policies and programs g resources, finan
u budgeting, Serv
Promoting GESI e relationships/ a
transformative laws and
policies environment through and Legal and polic
capacity building advocacy frameworks tha
and dialogue. G GESI
e
n
d
e
r
K
n
o
wled
ge
Enablers
Monitoring and Evaluation, Capacity Development, Resource M
Accountabil
D OUTPUTS OUTCOME IMPACT
h, household
ancial Equally empowered Reduced Gender
aster management women, youth, boys, girls Inequality and
and PWDs that benefit from social exclusion
wellbeing of SomReP/WVS programs in SomReP &
uth, PWDs in WVS programing
ealth & water
P identify and
s, governance
ystems, human
nce, planning &
vice delivery,
and M & E.
cy
hat espouses
s 18
Mobilization, Partnership Development, Governance &
lity SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy
4.4 Strategic Objectives
As shown in the Theory of Change illustration above, four Strategic Areas have been identified to
guide GESI mainstreaming across the five domains of GESI:
1. Enhancing GESI in the internal architecture of WVS and SomReP policies and programs.
2. Empowering women, girls, IDPs & PWDs through access to finance and markets for
resilience and sustainable livelihoods
3. Enhancing capacity and wellbeing of socially excluded groups through access to social and
lifesaving services.
4. Promoting GESI transformative legal and policy environment through advocacy, capacity
building and dialogue.
Throughout the Strategic Areas, particular focus will be placed on the internal structures of WVS and
SomReP to facilitate mainstreaming in programing with emphasis to changing the cultural norms and
practices that have shaped the gender inequality landscape and have kept women in a marginalized
place.
4.4.1 Enhancing GESI in the Internal Architecture of WVS and SomReP
This GESI strategy is informed by a Gender Assessment study instituted by SomReP and WVS that
sought to understand the gender dimensions across program themes of Economic Empowerment,
Agriculture (crop and Livestock production), Community Disaster Risks Management, Education,
Child Protection, GBV Response, Food and Cash Assistance, Health & Nutrition and WASH. To
achieve this internal structure of SomReP and WVS need to be correctly aligned.
SomReP/WVS will address institutional and operational prerequisites identified to facilitate GESI
mainstreaming in order to achieve their desired vision of a Somalia where all people regardless of
gender, age, disability and IDP status are equal and have the opportunity to develop their full
potential. Support of the internal architecture will include streamlining of SomReP’s identity and
Culture, Service delivery, Program Management, Human Resources, Finance and Budgeting and
physical facilities.
Currently, in their mandate SomReP and WVS are Gender neutral. Focus on GESI is not clearly spelt
out in their vision, mission statement and organizational goal. Among the SomReP partners only
Oxfam clearly states that they want to see a Somalia where women and youth are able to survive and
thrive and live-in safety and dignity. Within SomReP/WVS structures there is limited integration of
GESI into regulation, policy and practices despite availability of the GESI DME tool kit.
For the successful integration of the GESI strategy, SomReP and partners need to develop gender
aware mandates for their Somalia operations and programs. It is also important for them to integrate
gender mainstreaming in their regulations, policies and programs in both formal and informal standard
operating procedures. Promotion of gender parity at governance and management levels and staff will
set a standard for the participation of women in key decision-making positions. SomReP and WVS
The strategy key indicators that will show progress in closing the GESI gap with in the internal
architecture of SomReP and WV include but are not limited to; gender equality embedded in the
organization’s general mandate, the organization’s official statement on their goal for gender equality
and their strategy for pursuing gender mainstreaming, the integration of GESI in the regulations of the
organization and in both the formal and informal (organizational culture) standard operating
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 19 -
procedures and the demonstration of executive staff commitment to gender equality and the
implementation of gender mainstreaming, in both formal and informal ways. Indicators for the
Monitoring and Evaluation process include number of women in governance, senior management
positions, number of SomReP partners who have integrated GESI in all their policies i.e. Human
Resources, Finance, and resource allocation for introducing gender mainstreaming and implementing
organizational change and sufficient in order to ensure long term success. The physical structures that
have been adopted for women and PWDs will also be evidence that the Strategy is being
implemented.
4.4.2 Empowering Women, Girls PWDs and IDPs to Access Finance and Markets for
Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods
The women of Somalia bear an unequal brunt of the hardships occasioned by poverty, conflict and
clan-based culture which promotes strict male hierarchy and authority. This is further exacerbated by
religious and cultural limitations on the role and status of women in Somali society. As a result,
deeply rooted gender inequality prevails. Most Somali women are either excluded from decision
making and asset ownership or operate through a patriarchal filter in these areas. This inequality has
caused women’s economic and financial progress to stagnate. This is manifested in employment, for
example, the current estimates of women in civil service and most of these are auxiliary staff who
were either cleaners and administrative staff with low educational levels. Women have also been at
the tail end in terms of economic empowerment activities like TVET and business training and while
they have access to VSLAs, the impact of these on their wellbeing is limited. In agriculture their
participation is also hindered by their lack of ownership to resources and factors of production and
their reproductive roles and the socialization process limits their participation. During disasters, the
most affected are women who are care keepers for children and sick members of the communities.
To reverse this trend and to successfully implement Strategic Area 2, SomReP and WVS need to
implement a number of strategies in the areas of Economic Empowerment, Agriculture and
Community Disaster and Risk Management. First and foremost, women’s participation in decision
making at household and community level needs to be addressed. Their confidence and self-esteem
needs to be built so that they can speak out and have a voice. This can be done by enhancing VSLA
methodology to incorporate Functional Adult Literacy. They should repeatedly be told their voice in
the community and within the household matters. Since women are greatly affected during disasters,
consultation with them is imperative in all adaptation and mitigation plans. As women’s participation
and leadership takes shape, they will become active participants in the economic development
process. This will lead to better results of TVET activities, enrolment in business trainings and farmer
field schools.
To effectively monitor the progress in this area, key indicators will range from the number of women
who have attended and are active in VSLA, TVET; farmer field schools the percentage of target
population whose incomes have increased after training as access to household finances is important
for making independent decisions. Another indicator is the percentage of women, who own land,
assets and capital, and those who have been consulted during adaptation and mitigation strategies for
disaster management.
4.4.4 Enhancing Capacity and Wellbeing of Socially Target Groups.
Education for children in female headed households remains a pertinent concern as 51.9% of them do
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 20 -
not have access to education4. Due to high poverty levels, access to education is a preserve for those
who are financially stable making it challenging for Female Headed Households. To improve access
to education for girls especially, long term economic empowerment through IGAs is encouraged so
that IDPs and female headed households are able to sustain their children in school as priority.
Lack of justice for sexual violence and gender based violence mainly against women and girls
remains the norm in Somalia; this is so because traditional Somali society does not openly discuss
these issues. Girls are married early, with 45% of women aged 20 to 24 married before the age of 18.5
To enhance their well-being, it is imperative that girls and women stay in a safe environment free
from any form of GBV and discrimination. Proper reporting channels for victims of GBV, justice for
victims of violence and avenues to dismantle deep rooted cultural practices that promote GBV
especially FGM is a clear pathway to enhancing wellbeing among socially excluded groups.
Access to health facilities, water sources, and program activities is limited due to their immobility and
lack of PWD friendly facilities like walk ways and rams. The lack of sign language interpreters is
also a hindrance to their access of services. Children with disabilities also endure lack of assistive
devises within their schools.
According to The SHDS2020 an overwhelming 79 percent of births were delivered at home, this
implies the risk of women giving birth without the aid of a trained medical person is still high. The
lives of the mothers and children are still greatly endangered. The poor health seeking behavior is
further extended to children under immunizable age who miss out on immunization programs and the
food security situation in Somalia also espouses malnutrition among children.
Key strategies that SomReP and WVS should employ to change the status quo of socially excluded
individual range from the integration of Child Protection and GBV Response activities within other
programs like VSLAs, farmer field schools and business development trainings. This will be a
deliberate effort to create mindset change mindset change to allow a shift in the traditional gender
entrenched roles within the household. There is also need for PWD friendly infrastructure at Health
Centers, Schools and public arenas where meetings and program activities are held. To improve
access to education for girls especially, long term economic empowerment through IGAs is
encouraged so that IDPs and female headed households are able to sustain their children in school as
priority.
During Monitoring and Evaluation some of the indicators may include; number of additional girls
and boys enrolling and completing primary and secondary education, average distance of households
to health centers in rural and remote areas, proportion of households where women make decisions on
the use of food and cash vouchers and number of children consulted on issues affecting the family and
community affairs for example the design and location of internally displaced people or refugee
camps (placement of water points and latrines, play grounds, schools, camp layout, access routes for
resources, etc.) and the delivery of services to ensure their protection of children.
4.4.4 Promoting GESI Transformative Legal and Policy Environment through Advocacy,
Capacity Building and Dialogue
Globally and at regional level, Somalia has made remarkable progress in terms of legal provisions and
frameworks that have been signed and adopted to ensure justice and fairness such as Maputo Protocol
and the Banjul Charter among others. However, despite this development the process of having a
holistic legal and policy environment that addresses the plight of the marginalized and those who are
4 Gender Assessment WVI and SomReP 2021
5 SHDS 2020
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 21 -
socially excluded from access, participation, decision making, wellbeing and fair systems has still left
gaps in the policy framework.
The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (UNSCR 1325)
and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
(CEDAW) provide principal framework for promoting gender equality. However, Federal
Government of Somalia has not adopted a National Action Plan on UN Security Council Resolution
1325 and has not ratified CEDAW. In addition to this, Somalia has limited capacity to develop and
execute gender transformative laws and policies. Apart from Puntland that passed a number of GESI
friendly laws like the Puntland FGM Policy (2015), Puntland Juvenile Justice Law (2016) and
Puntland Rape Act (2016) other states are yet to follow suit. There is currently no law that
criminalizes FGM in Somalia. The Zero tolerance on FGM and Sexual Offenders Bill is yet to be
passed by the government. These pose gaps in the promotion of gender equality and social inclusion.
To change this SomReP/WVS may adopt a number of strategies that include; prioritizing education
for women and girls in order to enhance their capacity to participate in leadership at all levels;
supporting mindset change about gender division of labor from the grassroots. This can be through
peer-to-peer counseling for girls, multimedia messaging; engaging men as champions; creating
capacity at different levels of governance (clan system, Sharia and government systems) to generate
and implement GESI complaint legal and policy frameworks and lastly partnering with CSOs, cultural
and religious leaders, community groups, government systems and media (print, social, electronic) to
disseminate information on GESI and the relevant laws and policies that promote GESI.
For effective Monitoring and Evaluation of this area the main indicators that SomReP and WVS will
consider for progress will be; proportion of women who join federal, state and local government
legislative bodies, senior managers in government ministries, departments and authorities, the
number of laws/policies/guidelines developed to address gender and disability concerns number of
international conventions adopted and domesticated in Somalia, number of laws enacted and policies
developed, engendered to the benefit of women, girls and PWDs, number of government officials at
all levels whose capacities are built and the percentage of community members who are aware of the
legal frameworks and know where to go for redress.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 22 -
5.0. GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION MAINSTREAMING
The GESI Mainstreaming will take four stages S
e
5.1 Official Statement on GESI
WVS/SomReP need to develop their Statement of Commitment to promote GESI and disseminate
among all international stakeholders.
5.2 Capacity Building of staff on GESIe
To be effective gender training and capacity development actions need to be relevant to both the
institutional needs and the individual professional contexts of participants.
Effective GESI training is able to initiate change at three levels:
i) Raising awareness of the need to be committed to change the situation of injustice and gender
inequality;
ii) Knowledge of the relevant international, national and institutional policies and laws that lay
the basis for the obligation to be concerned about GESI;
iii) Skills in the practical use of the technical tools and guidelines that should be used in an
organization in order to plan implement and monitor gender-sensitive development
programmes.
Effective training should be part of a broader strategy to reinforce institutional capacities for GESI
mainstreaming, so that what is learned in training courses can be practically applied in everyday
working practices. This requires that staffs are allowed to dedicate time to learn and train and that
attempts to make programs gender sensitive.
5.2.1 Tools to Integrate GESI into Programing
a) Gender Audit
Gender audits will help SomReP identify and understand gender patterns within their composition,
structures, processes, organizational culture and management of human resources, and in the design
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 23 -
and delivery of policies, programmes and projects.
b) Gender Budgeting
Gender budget initiatives are not separate budgets for women. They include analysis of budgets and
policy impacts based on gender and are also commonly referred to as Gender Responsive Budgeting.
Successful implementation of the gender equality strategy will rely on the availability of a
corresponding budget.
c) Gender Review
Conduct an annual gender review to ensure policies are implemented in a gender transformative way.
Assessment of all existing policies to ensure they meet the practical and strategic needs of women and
girls.
d) GESI Transformative Approach
A gender transformative approach to programing looks at altering existing gender relations and
embrace equality and social inclusion for women and girls. This can be achieved through
examination of the inequalities that exist, strengthening positive norms and transforming the
underlying social roles and norms that perpetuate gender inequalities.
5.3 GESI Mainstreaming in Program/Project Cycle.
Mainstreaming GESI into SomReP and WVS programs will take place in the four-cycle stages of a
program i.e. Identification/Initiation, Formulation/Planning, Implementation and Evaluation
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 24 -
a) Identification
This is the first stage of the project cycle and during this stage the key considerations are:
i)... Is the project concept relevant for the practical and strategic gender, priorities and
aspirations of men, women, youth and PWDs?
ii) .. Have relevant stakeholders for gender issues been included in the assessment of the
project concept?
iii) . Is the project concept in line with SomReP and WVS policies and guidelines on GESI?
iv) . Is the project in line with government’s policy i.e. NDP-9 and Somali Women’s Charter?
b) Formulation
The second stage is the where the action and administrative issues of the project are handled.
Key aspects to look out for during this stage are;
i) ... Is the gender perspective appropriately addressed in the feasibility study?
ii) .. What budget allocation considerations have been taken into account to enhance
gender equality?
iii) .Are working relations established with relevant stakeholders for gender issues and
women’s rights?
iv) . Has the Log frame been engendered, including gender specific accountability
provisions and gender equality indicators?
c) Implementation
This is where action plans are made and monthly and annual targets are set.
i).. Is the gender perspective appropriately addressed in the progress reviews,
monitoring and mid-term evaluation?
ii). Do men, women, youth and PWDs of different target groups equally benefit
from the results achieved?
iii) Are equal opportunities and gender equality taken into consideration in the
phase out of the project?
d) Evaluation.
The key questions to ask during this stage are;
i) ... Is the gender perspective appropriately addressed in the evaluation and is gender
expertise adequately represented within the evaluation team?
ii) ..Are gender performance mechanisms and indicators included in the Monitoring and
Evaluation systems?
iii) . To what extend did men and women, boys and girls of different target groups equally
benefit from the results achieved?
iv) . Has the project contributed to sustained women’s rights and long-lasting
improvement of gender equality?
v) .. Have budget allocations equally benefited different needs and priorities of men and
women, boys and girls in order to enhance gender equality?
vi) . What lessons have been learned regarding the gender perspective of the project?
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 25 -
5.4 Build Local Partners including federal, State, Local Governments, CSOs and
Local Community-Based Organization Capacity.
i) SomReP and WVS will identify GESI champions among local partners in the public and
private sector, and build their capacity to better advocate for GESI with a top to bottom
approach.
ii) Strengthening national capacities to generate and use sex disaggregated data for gender
analysis and gender budgeting, which is key to the design of gender-responsive macro-
economic policy and social protection programmes.
iii) Strengthen the partners’ work and knowledge on GESI through their institutional
strengthening plans.
iv) Provide trainings on how to incorporate GESI into the SomReP and WVS programing.
v) Mainstream GESI into SomReP/WVS knowledge management and learning activities, as well
as policy advocacy and awareness-raising efforts.
vi) Provide trainings on how to incorporate GESI into the government programs.
vii) Support research for best practices on GESI to create a deep knowledge base and to help
partners to become centers of excellence.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 26 -
6.0 GESI ISSUES, STRATEGIES AND KEY INDICATORS BY STR
KEY AREA GESI ISSUE STRATEGIES
STRATEGIC AREA 1: MAINSTREAM GESI IN THE INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF WV AND SOM
Internal Architecture. SomReP and WVI have Gender neutral -SomReP and partner
-Identity & Culture mandate transformative mandate
-Service Delivery
Gender neutral mandates for all SomReP SomReP partners n
-Program Management partners except Oxfam that wants see a mainstreaming in the
-Human Resources Somalia where women and youth are able to programs in both for
-Finance and Budgeting survive, thrive, and live in safety and dignity.6 operating procedures (C
-Physical facilities. Limited integration of GESI into regulation, Promote gender pa
governance, policy and management cycles. management levels and
SomReP and partners
that cater for women’s
space for breast feeding
STRATEGIC AREA 2: ACCESS TO FINANCE AND MARKETS FOR RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABL
LIVELIHOOD SECTOR Non participation by PWDs due to -Enhance VSLA meth
Economic Empowerment
immobility and lack of assistive devices. esteem by incorporatin
-Timing, distance, limited education and book keeping, busine
overburden at HH limit women from reproductive health. F
participation and holding leadership and build confidence fo
positions. Sensitize of the comm
70%Men, 30% Women no gender parity in provide counseling and
projects. based skills training to
-VSLA targets women but decisions about forms of income gene
house hold finance are made by men making them in VSLA.
women dependent on men especially with -Assistive devices for P
Repackage training mo
reduces remittances.
-Women’s access and participation in flexible and for short
economic empowerment for example TVET women to participate.
and other training is limited due to their Partner with financial s
6 https://SomReP.org/about-us/
RATEGIC OBJECTIVES
MAIN GESI INDICATORS
MREP POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.
rs need to develop gender Is promoting gender equality part of the organization’s general mandate?
Does the organization have an official statement on their goal for gender
es for Somalia
need to integrate gender equality and their strategy for pursuing gender mainstreaming?
eir regulations, policies and Is gender mainstreaming integrated in the regulations of the organization
rmal and informal standard and in both the formal and informal standard operating procedures?
Does the executive staff demonstrate their commitment to gender equality
Culture)
arity at governance and and the implementation of gender mainstreaming, in both formal and
informal ways?
d staff Number of SomReP partners who have integrated GESI in all their
policies i.e. Human Resources, Finance, Relationships and partnerships)
to provide physical facilities
s specific needs e.g. pad bins,
g and washrooms Some of these policies may include
*Number of partners Zero tolerance to SGBV and sexual harassment at
work place.
Are the financial resources allocated for introducing gender
mainstreaming and implementing organizational change realistically
calculated and sufficient in order to ensure long term success?
Number of women in governance senior management positions
Offices with relevant facilities for women.
LE LIVELIHOODS.
hodology to build women’s Proportion of hours in a day spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by
ng functional adult literacy, sex, age and location.
ess skills and sexual and
FAL will address self-esteem Percentage of women, men and PWDs receiving business development
or decision making. advice and support (e.g., how to start and operate a business, book
munity on the plight of PWDs keeping,)
d special programs like home
o make them engage in some Percentage of women who have initiated and started business after the
erating activities and engage training.
PWDs Percentage of women with increased incomes within households.
odules and timing to be more Number of partners supported to improve the quality and appropriateness
ter periods to allow young
of financial services to benefit women.
service institutions to provide Number of micro, small, or medium-sized enterprises established or
expanded by women
Number and percentage of women and men who receive credit, by
proportion of credit.
Proportion of women, girls and PWDs trained fully in TVET, financial
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 27 -
Agriculture inability to make decisions at HH level. services to women.
Stigmatization of PWDs in society which
Community Disaster Risk traumatizes them. Disseminating good
Management Microfinance services not available in their (technologies and practic
location. disaster impact.
Lack of access to credit due to lack of Increasing women’s acc
collateral, lack of guarantors. (access to land, livestock
Lack of capital to start and expand business Enhancing women’s ac
enterprises. household and communi
The reproductive and productive roles of schools, junior farmer
strengthen technical skill
women still inhibit them from actively Training men and w
participating in agriculture. management and veterina
The socialization process and gender Build capacity sustain
division of labor from a tender age pushes technologies, soil and w
girl more to the household and the boys are disease management.
more engaged in farm work and livestock. Develop digital platform
Women don’t own land so they don’t make time information on mark
decisions on production (where to produce, Sensitize and train farme
what to produce and what happens to the provide them multimedia
proceeds of production)
Social norms limit women and girl’s control
and ownership of land.
Farm inputs and supplies were given to
household heads that in most cases are male
and this causes women to miss out.
Undeveloped agriculture value chains to
engage women and girls.
Occurrence of floods and drought leading to
displacement, emergence of female headed
households. This also affects the
productively of farm yields posing
challenges of food insecurity.
Limited skills in animal disease and
veterinary services.
-Limited information on markets and pricing
of farm yields.
During disasters, the most affected are -Build capacity men, w
women who are care keepers for children disaster adaptation or m
and sick members of the communities. in food production and
-Men as household heads struggle with the -Encourage communit
responsibility of searching for food during capacity and that of
drought and floods. livelihood and income o
-Dependence on either livestock or crop By designing mark
agriculture and in times of disaster (floods, livelihood opportunities
drought) livelihood and sources of income
are greatly affected. -Strengthen the village
their smooth operation
agricultural practices literacy and other economic empowerment training. (course completion)
ces) that prevent and mitigate Number and percentage of jobs (person-days) generated for women and
cess to productive resources men in the community (self-employment or number of jobs created)
k), farm inputs and supplies. Proportion of women employed in unskilled, technical, management, and
ccess to decision-making at
ity level through farmer field supervisory roles, by sector.
field and Farmer groups to Evidence that livelihood programs are tailored to the needs and
ls and raise gender awareness.
women in animal disease aspirations of different groups (e.g., female heads of households;
ary services. adolescent girls and boys; older, displaced men and women, IDPs and
nable agriculture production PWDs)
water conservation, pest and Number and percentage of women and men trained in animal diseases
and basic veterinary services.
Percentage of target population who have received and embraced
agricultural practices that prevent and mitigate disaster.
Number and percentage of target population with increased income due
to new agricultural practices.
Number and percentage of women and men provided with information
on marketing, pricing, and value addition.
Number of women who own factors of production e.g. land, capital and
labor
Number and percentage of women and men trained in sustainable
production technologies, soil and water conservation, pest and disease
management.
ms for farmers to receive real
kets and pricing.
ers about new technology and
a.
women and PWDs to initiate Number of community-based adaptation activities that strengthen
mitigation activities especially women’s access to resources for sustainable food production and clean
water resources. /safe water sources
ty members to build their
-Number and percentage of women and men with increased resilience to
the community diversifying deal with climate changes (e.g., use of climate-resilient crops and farming
options. techniques, improved land management, increased knowledge and
ket-based employment and strengthened networks on climate change issues)
s in crisis and post-crisis.
e EWEA committees, support Number and percentage of women and men who access employment or
and ensure effective linkages increase their incomes due to climate change adaptation or mitigation
activities.
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 28 -
-Limited capacity of EWEA committees to with district EWS
respond to disasters. management activities a
Advocacy and capacity
-Delayed response and limited resources for allocate resources and
disaster management. timely manner
-Involve women in al
-Climate change adaptation plans have plans.
limited inputs from women. -Involve women in
transformative climate s
STRATEGIC AREA 3: ENHANCING CAPACITY AND WELLBEING OF SOCIALLY EXCLUDED GR
PROTECTION SECTOR
Child Protection Although reporting mechanisms exist within Empowering girls and
the community to report GBV, their including engaging t
functionality is limited due to deep rooted economic ventures e.g.
cultural norms. Grounding of the comm
Gaps within the law to criminalize FGM
Develop plans and bud
except in Puntland where laws exist.
and boys during disaste
No comprehensive plans and budgets for Engage elders and th
rescuing girls and boys during disaster.
institute tough and hars
Girls miss out on youth activities as they are
involved in domestic care at home. Girls are rape and defilement.
Integrate child protecti
also confined within the home as a protection VSLAs, farmer school
mechanism from rape and defilement which trainings. This should a
is rampant. importance of being av
Child protection is considered an extension of values into the lives of
women’s reproductive role and therefore Engage parents, cultu
shunned by men and boys. understand that dec
Culturally children are considered community level affec
inexperienced with limited knowledge on they may be they hav
matters of life thereby left out of decision household and commun
making.
GBV RESPONSE Women and girls experience physical, Build women
sexual and psychological abuse from their rights, s
partners and other community members aware about j
The perpetrators are within the HHs and support mecha
community Engage men/b
Reporting channels are flawed about ills of
Justice system managed by mostly at champions to
clan and religious system and though forms of abuse
government system exists people have Develop und
more faith in traditional justice religious and g
mechanism S/GBV and
Fear of reporting limits women’s responsibilities
Women as g
opportunity for support.
High prevalence of FGM: 72% of educated to
misinterpretati
and other disaster risk Changes in adaptation or mitigation plans and initiatives due to
and processes. consultation with women
y building for government to
implement CDRM plans in a
ll adaptation and mitigation
development of gender
smart plans.
ROUPS
d building their self-esteem Number of girls rescued from all forms of violence.
them and their parents in Evidence of mechanisms to vulnerable to protect girls during time of
IGAs
munity of the evils of GBV. disaster and crisis.
dgets for safe havens for girls Percentage of girls/women who were married under age 18.
ers. Percentage and age distribution of girls/boys who participate in youth
he community to ban and
sher penalties punishments for programmes.
Number of men and boys who have participated and are involved in child
ion activities with other like
ls and business development protection programs.
also involve teaching men the Number of children consulted issues affecting the family and community
vailable and inculcating good
children. affairs for example the design and location of internally displaced people
ural and religious leaders to or refugee camps (placement of water points and latrines, play grounds,
cisions at household and schools, camp layout, access routes for resources, etc.) and the delivery of
ct children and that young as services to ensure their protection of children.
ve ideas for the good of the
nity.
and girls’ capacity to know % of ever-partnered women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or
self-esteem and make them psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the
justice systems and existing previous 12 months, by form of violence, age and place of occurrence.
anism -% of women and girls (below 18 years) subjected to sexual or
psychological violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the
boys to change their mindset previous 12 months, by age, relation with perpetrator, and place of
S/GBV/FGM and make them occurrence.
% of women and girls that have experienced other forms of GBV by
advance eradication of all type, relationship with perpetrator, place of occurrence
e against women and girls. -Number of SGBV survivors that received justice.
derstanding of traditional, -Number of new cases of FGM reported in the last 12 months
government justice system on Number of SomReP/WVS partners that have adopted zero tolerance
sexual harassment at workplace.
FGM to execute their Number of end S/GBV/FGM campaigns and activities carried out in
s fairly and justly.
gate keepers of FGM are
o dispel the religious
ion and the negative impact of
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 29 -
HUMANITARIAN SECTOR women thing FGM is a religious FHM on SRHR
Food and Cash Assistance requirement and age long cultural SomReP/WVS
practice
participation in
Women don’t have the opportunity to make to parity
decisions about the food and cash received
especially in male headed households. Engaging men for min
PWDs miss out on this assistance especially participate in decision
in host communities. level.
Limited participation of women in the
leadership of Food and Cash Assistance Capacity building and
committees. make women effectiv
Gaps in food and cash assistance during crisis committees.
and disaster situations.
Because of their limited sources of income Timely interventions
and poverty levels, PWDs, Female headed during disaster situatio
households sometimes find the assistance
insufficient. Additional Food and C
vulnerable members o
Headed Households, la
HEALTH SECTOR Women do not make decisions about their Train health workers as
Health & Nutrition health e.g. reproductive health and family PWD friendly infrastruc
planning. Youth corners should b
EDUCATION SECTOR
Education Youth failing to access reproductive health health centers. This env
services. Society harshly judges youth who friendly with counselor
are pregnant while unmarried and those Empower Village Healt
seeking contraceptives. issues that pertain to wo
with urgency.
They are also not able to make decisions Sensitize parents about
concerning their health and that of their and nutrition.
households since they don’t have finances Integrated Functional ad
and are not house hold heads. women’s confidence an
their reproductive and s
Stigma related to treating HIV/AIDS and
STIs as they are looked at as punishments
from Allah
Many women given birth without trained
health workers
Accessibility issues for PWDs
Long Distance to HCs for PWDs and IDPs
Low immunization rates and malnutrition for
children under five.
Drop out of school for girls due to Long term economic em
early/forced marriage, poverty, work load that IDPs and female he
within the home, GBV. sustain their children in s
R of women/girls. the last 12 months.
S to increase women # of women engaged in the design IDP camps and location of key
n program from current 30% service points: water, sanitation, schools, lighting
% reduction in FGM practice among girls in the last 12 months
ndset change to allow women Percentage of women, men and PWDs accessing food and cash transfers.
n making and at community Percentage of women, girls, men, and boys provided with life-saving
d functional adult literacy to assistance in humanitarian and disaster situations (including conflict and
vely participate in leadership crisis)
Proportion of assisted people informed about the programme (who is
of food and cash assistance included, what people will receive, length of assistance)
ons. Proportion vulnerable groups (female headed households, pregnant and
Cash Assistance extended to lactating mothers, PWDs) receiving additional food and cash transfers.
of target population. (Female Proportion of households where women make decisions on the use of
actating mothers, PWDs). food and cash vouchers.
Number of women who are on committees that make decisions
concerning food and cash.
Type of transfer (food or cash) received by target group disaggregated by
sex, host /IDP community, head of household, PWD.
s sign language interpreters. Proportion of women and youths who make their own informed
cture. decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive
be established within the healthcare.
vironment should be youth
rs. Proportion of children under five who have been fully immunized.
th Teams to deal with all Number of women given birth with the help of a trained health
omen, children and PWDs
practitioner.
importance of immunization Number of PWDs who have accessed services at HCs.
Changes in the utilization of health services in urban and rural areas, by
dult literacy to build
nd make them take charge of sex, age, and socioeconomic group.
sexual health. Number and type of design features that address financial barriers to
women’s access to health care.
Average distance of households to health centers in rural and remote
areas
mpowerment through IGAs so Number of additional girls and boys enrolling, attending, and completing
eaded households are able to primary and secondary education
school as priority. Number of education professionals trained in gender-based violence and
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 30 -
The decision on who has access to the This should also inv
education lies with the household head
normally giving preference to boys who women support groups.
remain in school while girls will continue SomReP and WV to o
doing housework and getting ready for
marriage. especially girls and PW
IDPs and female headed household find the
cost of 10 dollars for Primary education and focused in school.
between 20-30 dollars for secondary
education very high. Bursaries and scholarshi
to encourage parents ke
These programs should
households as majority
keeping children in schoo
Engage parents especi
educating girls. “Educa
nation.”
WASH SECTOR Girls walking to sanitation facilities at night There is need to build to
WASH security and protection o
expose them to GBV. within the IDP camps
PWDs find it very hard to access the There is need to construc
disability friendly for PW
sanitation facilities that are not disability Capacity building for wo
participates in Water Ma
friendly. Train youth in Operation
Limited participation of women in the
leadership of Water Management
Committees
Breakdown and delay in maintenance of
water facilities leading to water scarcity.
STRATEGIC AREA 4: PROMOTING GESI TRANSFORMATIVE LEGAL AND POLICY ENVIRONME
JUSTICE SECTOR
Women and girls are under-represented in Prioritize education for w
legislative and management positions at all enhance their capacity to
levels. (Federal, State and Local) all levels.
Somalia has adopted limited international Support mindset change
covenants and regional protocols that labor from the grassroots
promote GESI. peer counseling for girls,
Limited capacity to develop and execute engage)
gender transformative laws and policies. Create capacity at differe
The target group has limited knowledge, system, Sharia and gover
information and understanding about the and implement GESI com
available laws, policies and how they frameworks.
function. Partnering with CSOs, cu
community groups, gove
(print, social, electronic)
on GESI and the relevant
promote GESI.
volve institutionalization of how this intersects with disability.
Scores on literacy and numeracy tests and other national assessments, by
offer mentorship for children
WDs to ensure children stay sex and location (Rural or urban).
Number and percentage of additional women and men completing a
ips need to be given in order
eep their daughters in school. technical, vocational, or other tertiary qualification, by subject area
d also target female headed Number and percentage of male and female principals / teachers.
y face more challenges in Proportion of girls retained in school.
ol.
ially men on the role of
ating a girl is educating a
oilets near the homes to ensure Number of women in leadership of WMCs.
of girls and women especially Number of households with access to safe water.
Hours per day that females and males spend collecting water for domestic
ct sanitation facilities that are and other uses.
WDs. Incidence of waterborne diseases among target population.
omen to enable them actively Reasons given by women, men and PWDs for not subscribing to or taking
anagement Committees. up new water services.
n and maintenance/plumbing Views of women and men on changes in the gender division of labor on
water supply and sanitation, and reasons for changes
Number and percentage of females and males using improved hygiene
practices, and the number and percentage with knowledge of improved
hygiene practices
ENT THROUGH ADVOCACY, CAPACITY BUILDING AND DIALOGUE
women and girls in order to Proportion of seats held by women in federal, state and local legislative
o participate in leadership at bodies, senior managers in government ministries, departments and
authorities.
about gender division of
s. (this can be through peer to Number of laws and policies engendered and executed to the benefit of
, multimedia messages, MEN women, girls and PWDs.
ent levels of governance (clan Number of international conventions adopted and domesticated in Somalia.
rnment systems) to generate Number of laws enacted and policies developed, engendered to the benefit
mplaint legal and policy
of women, girls and PWDs.
ultural and religious leaders, Number of government officials at all levels whose capacities are built.
ernment systems and media Proposed percentage of community members who are aware of the legal
to disseminate information frameworks and know where to go for redress.
t laws and policies that
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 31 -
Darusalam Maternal and Child Health Centre, MOH/ World Vision, South-West State. Source: WVS File photo
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy - 32 -
7.0 SOMREP GENDER MONITORING PLAN
Sectors Objectives Mainstream GESI Indicators
Increased household
Economic income at family level Number of women and
Empowerment skills
Economic Participation
Number of men wome
Economic Opportunity successful self-employ
Number of households
capacities to access bas
Number of girls and bo
needs at household leve
Percentage decrease in
Number of women and
with increased saving
financial institution
% Adult unemploymen
% Female/male youth n
Female/male high-skill
Employers (as % of fem
Female/male rate of vu
Female/male rate of un
Law mandates equal pa
Existing law that ma
hiring
Access to child care
Ability of women and
leadership
Percentage of women/m
Evidence of specific ac
(including special inte
partnerships with nong
d men, PWDs, IDPs, and youth with employable Means of Verification
en, PWDs, and youth who are employed and in (MOVs)
yment ventures Project Reports
s (including those of special interest groups) with Household Surveys
sic household commodities Population and Housing
oys who are able to access support for their basic
el Census Report
gender based violence at household Project Reports
d youth, PWDs, IDPs, minority clans’ members Household Surveys
gs and capacities to access credit facilities in Population and Housing
Census Report
nt rate (as % of female/male labor force)
not in employment or education Project Reports
led share of labor force Household Surveys
male/male labor force) Population and Housing
ulnerable employment (PWDs, IDPs) Census Report
nderemployment
ay
andates non-discrimination based on gender in
d special interest groups to rise to positions of - 33 -
men with an account at a financial institution
ctivities designed to support women’s and men’s
erest groups) enterprise development, including
government organizations, women’s associations,
SOMREP /WVS Gender Strategy
Agriculture (crop and Improving Agricultural or financial institutions
Livestock production) Production The proportion of cred
Seed System Security from poorer socioecono
Irrigation Access to remittances
Pest and Pesticides Increased women’s abi
Inheritance rights for d
Women’s secure acce
women’s secure access
Number of individua
Groups - SIGs bene
agricultural production
Number of hectares
technologies with Som
Number of individuals
applied improved man
and partners’ assistance
Number of beneficiary
practices
Percent of households w
Number of individual
systems/agriculture inp
Percent of households w
Number of beneficiary
practices
Number of hectares
interventions
Number of individu
irrigation intervention
Length of irrigation sys
Number and percent
attacks
Number of individua
protection practices
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SOMREP-WVI GENDER STRATEGY FINAL REPORT
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