The Great Controversy

The Controversy Ended 389

vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. They will of God and offering praise to His
shall not build, and another inhabit; they name. We shall ever feel the freshness of
shall not plant, and another eat: … Mine the morning and shall ever be far from
elect shall long enjoy the work of their its close. “And they need no candle, nei-
hands.” Isaiah 32:18; 60:18; 65:21, 22. ther light of the sun; for the Lord God
giveth them light.” Revelation 22:5. The
There, “the wilderness and the soli- light of the sun will be superseded by a
tary place shall be glad for them; and the radiance which is not painfully dazzling,
desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the yet which immeasurably surpasses the
rose.” “Instead of the thorn shall come brightness of our noontide. The glory of
up the fir tree, and instead of the brier God and the Lamb floods the Holy City
shall come up the myrtle tree.” “The wolf with unfading light. The redeemed walk
also shall dwell with the lamb, and the in the sunless glory of perpetual day.
leopard shall lie down with the kid; …
and a little child shall lead them.” “They “I saw no temple therein: for the
shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are
mountain,” saith the Lord. Isaiah 35:1; the temple of it.” Revelation 21:22. The
55:13; 11:6, 9. people of God are privileged to hold
open communion with the Father and
Pain cannot exist in the atmosphere the Son. “Now we see through a glass,
of heaven. There will be no more tears,
no funeral trains, no badges of mourn- There will be no more tears,
ing. “There shall be no more death, no funeral trains, no badges of
neither sorrow, nor crying: … for the mourning. “There shall be no
former things are passed away.” “The more death, neither sorrow, nor
inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the crying: … for the former things are
people that dwell therein shall be for- passed away.”
given their iniquity.” Revelation 21:4; darkly.” 1 Corinthians 13:12. We behold
Isaiah 33:24. the image of God reflected, as in a mir-
ror, in the works of nature and in His
There is the New Jerusalem, the dealings with men; but then we shall
metropolis of the glorified new earth, “a see Him face to face, without a dim-
crown of glory in the hand of the Lord, ming veil between. We shall stand in
and a royal diadem in the hand of thy His presence and behold the glory of
God.” “Her light was like unto a stone His countenance.
most precious, even like a jasper stone,
clear as crystal.” “The nations of them There the redeemed shall know,
which are saved shall walk in the light even as also they are known. The loves
of it: and the kings of the earth do bring and sympathies which God Himself
their glory and honor into it.” Saith the has planted in the soul shall there find
Lord: “I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy truest and sweetest exercise. The pure
in My people.” “The tabernacle of God is communion with holy beings, the
with men, and He will dwell with them, harmonious social life with the blessed
and they shall be His people, and God angels and with the faithful ones of all
Himself shall be with them, and be their ages who have washed their robes and
God.” Isaiah 62:3; Revelation 21:11, 24; made them white in the blood of the
Isaiah 65:19; Revelation 21:3.

In the City of God “there shall be no
night.” None will need or desire repose.
There will be no weariness in doing the

390 The Great Controversy

Lamb, the sacred ties that bind together reverence, and happiness increase. The
“the whole family in heaven and earth” more men learn of God, the greater
(Ephesians 3:15)—these help to con- will be their admiration of His char-
stitute the happiness of the redeemed. acter. As Jesus opens before them the
riches of redemption and the amazing
There, immortal minds will contem- achievements in the great controversy
plate with never-failing delight the won- with Satan, the hearts of the ransomed
ders of creative power, the mysteries of thrill with more fervent devotion, and
redeeming love. There will be no cruel, with more rapturous joy they sweep
deceiving foe to tempt to forgetfulness the harps of gold; and ten thousand
of God. Every faculty will be developed, times ten thousand and thousands of
every capacity increased. The acquire- thousands of voices unite to swell the
ment of knowledge will not weary the mighty chorus of praise.
mind or exhaust the energies. There
the grandest enterprises may be carried “And every creature which is in
forward, the loftiest aspirations reached, heaven, and on the earth, and under the
the highest ambitions realized; and still earth, and such as are in the sea, and all
there will arise new heights to surmount, that are in them, heard I saying, Bless-
new wonders to admire, new truths to ing, and honor, and glory, and power, be
comprehend, fresh objects to call forth unto Him that sitteth upon the throne,
the powers of mind and soul and body. and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.”
Revelation 5:13.
All the treasures of the universe will
be open to the study of God’s redeemed. “The great controversy is ended.
Unfettered by mortality, they wing their Sin and sinners are no more. The entire
tireless flight to worlds afar—worlds universe is clean. One pulse of harmony
that thrilled with sorrow at the spectacle and gladness beats through the vast cre-
of human woe and rang with songs of ation.” From Him who created all, flow
gladness at the tidings of a ransomed life and light and gladness, throughout
soul. With unutterable delight the the realms of illimitable space. “From the
children of earth enter into the joy and minutest atom to the greatest world, all
the wisdom of unfallen beings. They things, animate and inanimate, in their
share the treasures of knowledge and unshadowed beauty and perfect joy,
understanding gained through ages declare that God is love.”
upon ages in contemplation of God’s
handiwork. With undimmed vision The great controversy is ended.
they gaze upon the glory of creation— Sin and sinners are no more. The
suns and stars and systems, all in their entire universe is clean. One pulse
appointed order circling the throne of of harmony and gladness beats
Deity. Upon all things, from the least through the vast creation. … From
to the greatest, the Creator’s name is the minutest atom to the greatest
written, and in all are the riches of His world, all things, animate and
power displayed. inanimate, in their unshadowed
beauty and perfect joy, declare that
And the years of eternity, as they roll, God is love.
will bring richer and still more glorious
revelations of God and of Christ. As
knowledge is progressive, so will love,

APPENDIX

Revisions adopted by the E. G. “EJmoDxuhtosnrmaIvXinanXguaaImnIn,tAeDtsint,eldutewam1tee4rdnp, o1cse5htdr8.ui4t4m,i,othnDPeeaowcpfloaatrmrhdae”s-
White trustees November 19, (“Our Lord God the Pope”) occur in
1956, and December 6, 1979 column 153. In a Paris edition, dated
1612, they occur in column 140. In
Page 21. TITLES.—In a passage which several editions published since 1612
is included in the Roman Catholic the word “Deum” (“God”) has been
Canon Law, or Corpus Juris Canonici, omitted.
Pope Innocent III declares that The
Roman pontiff is “the vicegerent Page 21. INFALLIBILITY.—On the
upon earth, not of a mere man, but doctrine of infallibility as set forth at
of very God;” and in a gloss on the the Vatican Council of 1870-71, see
passage it is explained that this is ttPwehhhneidelViropeamtbSi,occvahtohnalf.tfC2h, ,eoTDuhLoneagctCmiilnr,aeapetnidpcds.Do2tehf3ce4Cre-Eh2enrs7igo1s--f,
because he is the vicegerent of Christ, lish texts are given. For discussion
who is “very God and very man.” See see, for the Roman Catholic view,
Decretales Domini GregorII Papae IX aTrhte. “ICnaftahlloibliiclitEyn,”cbyycPloapterdicika,J.vTooln. e7r,,
(IrXDum)e,c,lri(eboteanrlts1h,oedfterthatrneasnLfesorlraednticoPenooepfeEBpGiissrhceoogpopsro)y-, p. 790 ff.; James Cardinal Gibbons,
title 7, ch. 3; Corpus Juris Canonici JTohhenFaMituhropfhOyuCroFmathpearnsy(,B1a1l0titmh oerde.,:
(2d Leipzig ed., 1881), col. 99; (Paris, 1917), chs. 7, 11. For Roman Catho-
1612), tom. 2, Decretales, Col. 205. lic opposition to the doctrine of
The documents which formed the papal infallibility, see Johann Joseph
Decretals were gathered by Gratian, Ignaz von Dollinger (pseudonym
who was teaching at the University “(NJaenwusY”o)rTkh: Ce hPaorpleesaSncdribthneerC’soSuonncsil,
of Bologna about the year 1140. His 1869); and W.J. Sparrow Simpson,
work was added to and re-edited by 1RIn9of0ma9lla)i.nbiFCliotayrth(toLhloiecnOndoopnpno:-RsJiotohimonnaMtnouPvrairepawayl,,
Pope Gregory IX in an edition issued see George Salmon, IJnofhanlliMbiulitryraoyf,
in 1234. Other documents appeared trheve.Cehdu.,r1c9h1(4L)o. ndon:
in succeeding years from time to time
including the Extravagantes, added
toward the close of the fifteenth
Century. All of these, with Gratian’s
DCPioeurcspreXutsuamJuut,rhioswrCeizareendoptnhuiecbicliionsdh1ief5dic8a2at.isoPnotphinee
Canon law in 1904, and the resulting
code became effective in 1918.
For the title “Lord God the Pope” see
a gloss on the Extravagantes of Pope

392 The Great Controversy

Page 21. IMAGE WORSHIP.—“The For a record of the proceedings and
worship of images … was one of those decisions of the Second Council of
corruptions of Christianity which Nicaea, A.D. 787, called to establish
crept into the church stealthily and the worship of images, see Baronius,
almost without notice or observation. Ecclesiastical Annals, vol. 9, pp. 391-
This corruption did not, like other 407 (Antwerp, 1612); J. Mendham,
heresies, develop itself at once, for The Seventh General Council, the
in that case it would have met with Second of Nicaea; Ed. Stillingfleet,
decided censure and rebuke: but, Defense of the Discourse Concerning
making its commencement under the Idolatry Practiced in the Church of
a fair disguise, so gradually was one Rome (London, 1686); A Select Library
practice after another introduced in of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2d
connection with it, that the church series, vol. 14, pp. 521-587 (New York,
had become deeply steeped in 1900); Charles J. Hefele, A History of
practical idolatry, not only without the Councils of the Church, From the
any efficient opposition, but almost Original Documents, b. 18, ch. 1, secs.
without any decided remonstrance; 332, 333; ch. 2, secs. 345-352 (T. and
and when at length an endeavor was T. Clark ed., 1896), vol. 5, pp. 260-
made to root it out, the evil was found 304, 342-372.
too deeply fixed to admit of removal.
… it must be traced to the idolatrous Page 22. THE SUNDAY LAW OF
tendency of the human heart, and its CONSTANTINE.—The law issued
propensity to serve the creature more by the emperor Constantine on the
than the Creator. … seventh of March, A.D. 321, regarding
“Images and pictures were first in- a day of rest from labor, reads thus:
troduced into churches, not to be “All judges and city people and the
worshiped, but either in the place craftsmen shall rest upon the vener-
of books to give instruction to those able Day of the Sun. Country people,
who could not read, or to excite devo- however, may freely attend to the
tion in the minds of others. How far cultivation of the fields, because it
they ever answered such a purpose is frequently happens that no other days
doubtful; but, even granting that this are better adapted for planting the
was the case for a time, it soon ceased grain in the furrows or the vines in
to be so, and it was found that pictures trenches. So that the advantage given
and images brought into churches by heavenly providence may not for
darkened rather than enlightened the occasion of a short time perish.”—
the minds of the ignorant—degraded Joseph Cullen Ayer, A Source Book for
rather than exalted the devotion of Ancient Church History (New York:
the worshiper. So that, however they Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), div.
might have been intended to direct 2, per. 1, ch. 1, sec. 59, g, pp. 284, 285.
men’s minds to God, they ended in The Latin original is in the Codex
turning them from him to the worship Justiniani (Codex of Justinian), lib.
of created things.”—J. Mendham, The 3,title 12, lex. 3. The law is given in
Seventh General Council, The Second Latin and in English translation in
of Nicaea, Introduction, pages iii-vi. Philip Schaff ’s History of the Christian

Appendix 393

Church, vol. 3, 3d period, Ch. 7, sec. thousand and three hundred evenings
75, p. 380, footnote 1; and in James A. and mornings” (Daniel 8:14, R.V.)
Hessey’s Bampton Lectures, Sunday, and the 1260-day period, variously
lecture 3, par. 1, 3d ed., Murray’s print- indicated as “a time and times and
ing of 1866, P. 58. See discussion in the dividing of time” (Daniel 7:25),
Schaff, as above referred to; in Albert the “forty and two months” (Revela-
Henry Newman, A Manual of Church tion 11:2; 13:5) and the “thousand
HBaispttoirsyt (Philadelphia: The American two hundred and threescore days”
Publication Society, printing (Revelation 11:3; 12:6).
of 1933), rev. ed., vol. 1, pp. 305-307;
and in Leroy E. Froom, The Prophetic Page 24. FORGED WRITINGS.—
Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, Among the documents that at the
D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing present time are generally admitted
Assn., 1950), vol. 1, pp 376-381. to be forgeries, the Donation of Con-
stantine and the Pseudo-Isidorian
Page 23. PROPHETIC DATES.—An Decretals are of primary importance.
important principle in prophetic in- “The ‘Donation of Constantine’ is the
terpretation in connection with time name traditionally applied, since the
prophecies is the year-day principle, later Middle Ages, to a document
under which a day of prophetic purporting to have been addressed
time is counted as a calendar year by Constantine the Great to Pope
of historic time. Before the Israelites Sylvester I, which is found first in a
entered the land of Canaan they sent Parisian manuscript (Codex lat. 2777)
twelve spies ahead to investigate. The of probably the beginning of the ninth
spies were gone forty days, and upon century. Since the eleventh century
their return the Hebrews, frightened it has been used as a powerful argu-
at their report, refused to go up and ment in favor of the papal claims, and
occupy the Promised Land. The result consequently since the twelfth it has
was a sentence the Lord passed upon been the subject of a vigorous contro-
them: “After the number of the days versy. At the same time, by rendering
in which ye searched the land, even it possible to regard the papacy as a
forty days, each day for a year, shall ye middle term between the original
bear your iniquities, even forty years.” and the medieval Roman Empire,
Numbers 14:34. A similar method of and thus to form a theoretical basis
computing future time is indicated of continuity for the reception of the
through the prophet Ezekiel. Forty Roman law in the Middle Ages, it has
years of punishment for iniquities had no small influence upon secular
awaited the kingdom of Judah. The history.”—The New Schaff-Herzog
Lord said through the prophet: “Lie Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,
again on thy right side, and thou shalt vol. 3, art. “Donation of Constantine,”
bear the iniquity of the house of Ju- pp. 484, 485.
dah forty days: I have appointed thee The historical theory developed in
each day for a year.” Ezekiel 4:6. This the “Donation” is fully discussed in
year-day principle has an important Henry E. Cardinal Manning’s The
application in interpreting the time Temporal Power of the Vicar of Jesus
element of the prophecy of the “two

394 The Great Controversy

Christ, London, 1862. The arguments Dollinger, Fables Respecting the Popes
of the “Donation” were of a scholastic of the Middle Ages (London, 1871).
type, and the possibility of a forgery The “false writings” referred to in
was not mentioned until the rise of the text include also the Pseudo-
historical criticism in the fifteenth Isidorian Decretals, together with
century. Nicholas of Cusa was among other forgeries. The Pseudo-Isidorian
the first to conclude that Constantine Decretals are certain fictitious letters
never made any such donation. Lo- ascribed to early popes from Clem-
renza Valla in Italy gave a brilliant ent (A.D. 100) to Gregory the Great
demonstration of its spuriousness (A.D. 600), incorporated in a ninth
in 1450. See Christopher B. Cole- century collection purporting to have
man’s Treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the been made by “Isidore Mercator.” the
Donation of Constantine (New York, name “Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals”
1927). For a century longer, however, has been in use since the advent of
the belief in the authenticity of the criticism in the fifteenth century.
“Donation” and of the False Decretals Pseudo-Isidore took as the basis of his
was kept alive. For example, Martin forgeries a collection of valid canons
Luther at first accepted the decretals, called the Hispana Gallica Augusto-
but he soon said to Eck: “I impugn dunensis, thus lessening the danger of
these decretals;” and to Spalatin: detection, since collections of canons
“He [the pope] does in his decretals were commonly made by adding new
corrupt and crucify Christ, that is, matter to old. Thus his forgeries were
the truth.” less apparent when incorporated with
It is deemed established that the “Do- genuine material. The falsity of the
nation” is (1) a forgery, (2) the work Pseudo-Isidorian fabrications is now
of one man or period, (3) the forger incontestably admitted, being proved
has made use of older documents, by internal evidence, investigation of
(4) the forgery originated around the sources, the methods used, and the
752 and 778. As for the Catholics, fact that this material was unknown
they abandoned the defense of the before 852. Historians agree that 850
authenticity of the document with or 851 is the most probable date for
Baronius, Ecclesiastical Annals, in the completion of the collection,
1592. Consult for the best text, K. since the document is first cited in
ZvinoenuCmGonelree,imsitna(nBt’shereTlirnFee,as1tti8gs8aeb8, e).reTfufrerarnrResuldadtoetdolf the Admonitio of the capitulary of
above, and in Ernest F. Henderson, Quiercy, in 857.
Select Historical Documents of the The author of these forgeries is
Middle Ages (New York, 1892), p. 319; not known. It is probable that they
Briefwechsel (Weimar ed.), pp. 141, emanated from the aggressive new
161. See also The New Schaff-Herzog church party which formed in the
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge ninth century at Rheims, France. It
(1950), vol. 3, p. 484; F. Gregorovius, is agreed that Bishop Hincmar of
Rome in the Middle Ages, vol. 2, p. Rheims used these Decretals in his
329; and Johann Joseph Ignaz von deposition of Rothad of Soissons, who
brought the Decretals to Rome in 864
and laid them before Pope Nicholas I.

Appendix 395

Among those who challenged their Holy Roman Empire, rev. ed., ch. 10;
authenticity were Nicholas of Cusa and James W. Thompson and Edgar N.
(1401-1464), Charles Dumoulin JEouhrnopsoen, 3, A00n-I1n5t0ro0d, uPcatgieosn3to77M-3e8d0ie.val
(1500-1566), and George Cassender
(1513- 1564). The irrefutable proof of Page 25. PURGATORY.—Dr. Joseph
their falsity was conveyed by David Faa Di Bruno thus defines purga-
Blondel, 1628. tory: “Purgatory is a state of suf-
An early edition is given in Migne Pa- fering after this life, in which those
trolgia Latina, CXXX. For The oldest souls are for a time detained, who
and best manuscript, see P. Hinschius, depart this life after their deadly sins
Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianiae at have been remitted as to the stain
capitula Angilramni (Leipzig, 1863). and guilt, and as to the everlasting
Consult The New Schaff-Herzog pain that was due to them; but who
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge have on account of those sins still
(1950), vol. 9, pp. 343-345. See also some debt of temporal punishment
H. H. Milman, Latin Christianity (9 to pay; as also those souls which
vols.), vol. 3; Johann Joseph Ignaz von leave this world guilty only of venial
D(1o8l6li9n)g; aenr,dTKheenPnoepthe SacnodtttLhaetCouoruenttceil, siminps.r”i—mCatautrhoAlicrchBbeilisehfop(18o8f4 ed.;
A History of the Expansion of Christi- York), page 196. New
anity (1939), vol. 3; The Catholic Ency-
clopedia, vol. 5, art. “False Decretals,” See also K. R. Hagenbach, Compen-
and Fournier, “Etudes sure les Fausses dium of the History of Doctrines (T.
Decretals,” in Revue d’Historique and T. Clark ed.) vol. 1, pp. 234-237,
Ecclesiastique (Louvain) vol. 7 (1906), 405, 408; vol. 2, pp. 135-150, 308, 309;
and vol. 8 (1907). Charles Elliott, Delineation of Roman
Catholicism, b. 2, ch. 12; The Catholic
Page 25. THE DICTATE OF HIL- Encyclopedia, vol. 12, art. “Purgatory.”
DEBRAND (Gregory VII).—For the
original Latin version see Baronius, Page 26. INDULGENCES.—For a
1A7n,npaple.s4E0c5c,le4s0ia6stoicfi,thane nP.a1r0is76p,rivnotl-. detailed history of the doctrine of
ing of 1869; and the Monumenta indulgences see Mandell Creighton, A
Germaniae Historica Selecta, vol. 3, History of the Papacy From the Great
p. 17. For an English translation see Schism to the Sack of Rome (London:
Frederic A. Ogg, Source Book of Me- Longmans, Green and Co., 1911),
dieval History (New York: American Vol. 5, pp. 56-64, 71; W.H. Kent,
Book Co., 1907), ch. 16, sec. 45, pp. “Indulgences,” The Catholic Encyclo-
262-264; and Oliver J. Thatcher and pedia, vol. 7, pp. 783-789; H. C. Lea,
Edgar H. McNeal, Source Book for A History of Auricular Confession
Medieval History (New York: Charles and Indulgences in the Latin Church
Scribner’s Sons, 1905), sec. 3, item 65, (Philadelphia: Lea Brothers and Co.,
pp. 136-139. 1896); Thomas M. Lindsay, A His-
For a discussion of the background tory of the Reformation (New York;
of the Dictate, see James Bryce, The Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917), vol.
1, pp. 216-227; Albert Henry New-

396 The Great Controversy

man, A Manual of Church History Josef Andreas Jungmann, The Mass
(Philadelphia: The American Baptist of the Roman Rite, Its Origins and
Publication Society, 1953), vol. 2, pp. GDeevrmeloapnmbeynFtr, antrcains sAla. tBerdunfnroemr (Ntehwe
53, 54, 62; Leopold Ranke, History York: Benziger Bros., 1951). For the
of the Reformation in Germany (2d non-catholic view, see John Calvin,
London ed., 1845), translated by Sarah Institutes of the Christian Religion,
Austin, vol. 1, pp. 331, 335-337, 343- b. 4, chs. 17, 18; and Edward Bouv-
Ra3n4e6dfo;rCPmoreamsteiporanvne(ydN, 1Se9mw2i0Yth)o,,rpkTp:h.He2Ae3n-g2rey5o,Hf6to6hl.et erie Pusey, The Doctrine of the Real
On the practical outworkings of Presence (Oxford, England: John H.
the doctrine of indulgences during Parker, 1855).
the period of the reformation see
a paper by Dr. H. C. Lea, entitled, Page 29. THE SABBATH AMONG
“Indulgences in Spain,” published THE WALDENSES.—There are
in Papers of the American Society of writers who have maintained that
COhfuthrcehvaHluisetoofryth, ivsohli.s1to, rpicpa.l1si2d9e-l1ig7h1t. the Waldenses made a general prac-
Dr. Lea says in his opening paragraph: tice of observing the seventh-day
“Unvexed by the controversy which Sabbath. This concept arose from
raged between Luther and Dr. Eck and sources which in the original Latin
Silvester Prierias, Spain continued describe the Waldenses as keeping
tranquilly to follow in the old and t(hSuenDdiaeys)D, obmutininicawlihs,icohr Lord’s day
beaten path, and furnishes us with through a
the incontestable official documents practice which dates from the Ref-
which enable us to examine the matter ormation, the word for “Sunday”
in the pure light of history.” has been translated “Sabbath.”

Page 26. THE MASS.—For the doc- But there is historical evidence of
trine of the mass as set forth at the some observance of the seventh-day
aCPnhodiuliDnpceSiclcrheoeafsffo,TfCrterhneeetdCssoeouefnCcTihlhroeifstTCernaednnootmnins, Sabbath among the Waldenses. A
vol. 2, pp. 126-139, where both Latin report of an inquisition before whom
and English texts are given. See also were brought some Waldenses of
H. G. Schroeder, Canons And Decrees Moravia in the middle of the fifteenth
of the Council of Trent (St. Louis, Mis- century declares that among the
souri: B. Herder, 1941). Waldenses “not a few indeed celebrate
the Sabbath with the Jews.”—Johann
For a discussion of the mass see The Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger, Beitrage
“CEauthcholaircistE,”ncbyycloJopseedpiah, vol 5, art. zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters
Pohle, page (Reports on the History of the Sects of
the Middle Ages), Munich, 1890, 2d
pt., p. 661. There can be no question
that this source indicates the obser-
vance of the seventh-day Sabbath.

572 ff.; Nikolaus Gihr, Holy Sacrifice
of the Mass, Dogmatically, Liturgically, Page 29. WALDENSIAN VERSIONS
Ascetically Explained,12th ed. (St. OF THE BIBLE.—On recent dis-
Louis, Missouri: B. Herder, 1937); coveries of Waldensian manuscripts

Appendix 397

see M. Esposito, “Sur Quelques Page 40. INFALLIBILITY.—For the
manuscrits de l’ancienne litterature original text of the papal bulls is-
des Vaudois du Piemont,” in Revue sued against Wycliffe with English
d’ Historique Ecclesiastique (Lou- tYercaaulnetisUolanntioiovfenJrossheinteyJWP. Dryecaslhys,mf1(u9N5se,2wT)h,HpepaP.vr3eo5ns--:
vain, 1951), p. 130 ff.; F. Jostes, “Die Tm49oe;wnatnlsssooefnJtodhh,en1C8Fh7ou0xr)ec,,hvAo(cLl.tos3na, dnpodpn.M4: P-o1rn3aut.-t
Waldenserbibeln,” in Historisches For a summary of these bulls sent
Jahrbuch,1894; D. Lortsch, Histoire de to the archbishop of Canterbury, to
la Bible en France (Paris, 1910), ch. 10. King Edward, and to the chancellor
A classic written by one of the of the University of Oxford, see Merle
Waldensian “barbs” is Jean Leger, His- d’Aubigne, The History of the Reforma-
toire Generale des Eglises Evangeliques tion in the Sixteenth Century (London:
des Vallees de Piemont (Leyden, 1669), Blackie and Son, 1885), vol. 4, div. 7,
which was written at the time of p. 93; August Neander, General His-
the great persecutions and contains CtorroycokfetrheanCdhrBisrtieasnteCr,h1u8r6ch2)(,Bvooslt.on5:,
firsthand information with drawings. pp. 146, 147; George Sargeant, His-
For the literature of Waldensian texts tory of the Christian Church (Dallas:
see A. deStefano, Civilta Medioevale Frederick Publishing House, 1948), p.
(1944); and Riformatori ed eretici nel 323; Gotthard V. Lechler, John Wycliffe
medioeve (Palermo, 1938); J. D. Bou- and his English Precursors (London:
nous, The Waldensian Patois of Pramol The Religious Tract Society, 1878),
(Nashville, 1936); and A. Dondaine, pp. 162-164; Philip Schaff, History
Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum of The Christian Church (New York:
(1946). Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1915), vol.
For the history of the Waldenses some 5, Pt. 2, p. 317.
of the more recent, reliable works are:
E. Comba, History of the Waldenses Page 51. COUNCIL OF
in Italy (see later Italian edition pub- CONSTANCE.—A primary source
lished in Torre Pellice, 1934); E. Geb- on the Council of Constance is
hart, Mystics and Heretics (Boston, Richendal Ulrich, Das Concilium
1927); G. Gonnet, Il Valdismo Me- so zu Constanz gehalten ist worden
dioevale, Prolegomeni (Torre Pellice, (Augsburg, 1483, Incun.). An inter-
1935); and Jalla, Histoire des Vaudois esting, recent study of this text, based
et leurs colonies (Torre Pellice, 1935). on the “Aulendorf Codex,” is in the
Spencer Collection of the New York
Page 36. EDICT AGAINST THE Public Library, published by Karl
WALDENSES.—A considerable por- Kup, Ulrich von Richental’s Chronicle
tion of the text of the papal bull issued of the Council of Constance (New
by Innocent VIII in 1487 against the York, 1936). See also H. Finke (ed.),
Waldenses (the original of which is Acta Concilii Constanciensis (1896),
in the library of the University of vol. 1; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte
Cambridge) is given, in an English
translation, in John Dowling’s His-
tory of Romanism (1871 ed.), b. 6,
ch. 5, sec. 62.

398 The Great Controversy

(9 vols.), vols. 6, 7; L. Mirbt, Quellen man’s staff, which serves him who
zur Geschichte des Papsttums (1934); holds it in his hand in whatsoever
Milman, Latin Christianity, vol. 7, way he will.’
pp. 426-524; Pastor, The History of
the Popes (34 vols.), vol. 1, p. 197 ff. “This absolute submission is en-
More recent publications on the coun- nobled by its motive, and should be,
cil are K. Zahringer, Das Kardinal continues the … founder, ‘prompt,
Kollegium auf dem Konstanzer Konzil joyous and persevering; … the obe-
(Munster, 1935); Th. F. Grogau, The dient religious accomplishes joyfully
Conciliar Theory as It Manifested Itself that which his superiors have con-
at the Council of Constance (Washing- fided to him for the general good,
ton, 1949); Fred A. Kremple, Cultural assured that thereby he corresponds
Aspects of the Council of Constance truly with the divine will.’ ”—The
and Basel (Ann Arbor, 1955); John Comtesse R. de Courson, in Concern-
Patrick McGowan, d’Ailly and the ing Jesuits, page 6.
Council of Constance (Washington:
Catholic University, 1936). See also L. E. Dupin, A Compendious
For John Huss see John Hus, Letters, History of the Church, cent. 16, ch. 33
1904; E. J. Kitts, Pope John XXIII and (London, 1713, vol. 4, pp. 132-135);
Master John Hus (London, 1910); D. Mosheim, Ecclesiastical History, cent.
S. Schaff, John Hus (1915); Schwarze, 16, sec. 3, pt. 1, ch. 1, par. 10 (including
John Hus (1915); and Matthew Spinka, notes); The Encyclopedia Britannica
John Hus and the Czech Reform (9th ed.), art. “Jesuits;” C. Paroissen,
(1941). The Principles of the Jesuits, Developed
in a Collection of Extracts From Their
Page 128. JESUITISM.—For a state- Own Authors (London, 1860—an
ment concerning the origin, the earlier edition appeared in 1839);
principles, and the purposes of the W. C. Cartwright, The Jesuits, Their
“Society of Jesus,” as outlined by mem- Constitution and Teaching (London,
bers of this Order, see a work entitled 1876); E. L. Taunton, The History
Concerning Jesuits, edited by the Rev. of the Jesuits in England, 1580-1773
John Gerard, S.J., and published in (London, 1901).
London, 1902, by the Catholic Truth
Society. In this work it is said, “The See also H. Boehmer, ThGe erJemsuaints,
mainspring of the whole organization (translation from the
of the Society is a spirit of entire obedi- Philadelphia, Castle Press 1928 ); E.
ence: ‘Let each one,’ writes St. Ignatius, Goethein, Ignatius Loyola and the
‘persuade himself that those who Gegen-Reformation (Halle, 1895); T.
live under obedience ought to allow Campbell, The Jesuits, 1534 1921 (New
themselves to be moved and directed York, 1922); E. L. Taunton, The History
by divine Providence through their of the Jesuits in England, 1580-1773
superiors, just as though they were a (London, 1901).
dead body, which allows itself to be
carried anywhere and to be treated Page 129. THE INQUISITION.—For
in any manner whatever, or as an old the Roman Catholic view see The
Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 8, art.
“Inquisition” by Joseph Blotzer, p.
26 ff.; and E. Vacandard, The Inquisi-

Appendix 399

tion: A Critical and Historical Study the heretics in dwellings, hovels, and
of the Coercive Power of the Church forests, and even their underground
(New York: Longmans, Green and retreats shall be entirely wiped out.”—
Company, 1908). CAnonncoi.lc.hTro. 1lo2s2a9n.uCman, Ponopse14Garnegdo2r.yTIhXis,
For an Anglo-Catholic view see council sat at the time of the crusade
Hoffman Nickerson, The Inquisition: against the Albigenses.
A Political and Military Study of Its “This pest [the Bible] had taken such
Establishment. For the non-Catholic an extension that some people had
view see Philip Van Limborch, His- appointed priests of their own, and
tory of the Inquisition; Henry Charles even some evangelists who distorted
Lea, A History of the Inquisition of the and destroyed the truth of the gospel
Middle Ages, 3 vols.; A History of the and made new gospels for their own
Inquisition of Spain, 4 vols., and The purpose … (they know that) the
Inquisition in the Spanish Dependen- preaching and explanation of the
cies; and H. S. Turberville, Medieval Bible is absolutely forbidden to the
Heresy and the Inquisition (London: lay members.”—Acts of Inquisition,
C. Lockwood and Son, 1920—a me- Philip van Limborch, History of the
diating view). Inquisition, chapter 8.
The Council of Tarragona, 1234, ruled
Page 147. CAUSES OF THE FRENCH that: “No one may possess the books
REVOLUTION.—On the far-reach- of the Old and New Testaments in
ing consequences of the rejection of the Romance language, and if anyone
the Bible and of Bible religion, by the possesses them he must turn them
people of France, see H. von Sybel, over to the local bishop within eight
History of the French Revolution, b. 5, days after promulgation of this decree,
ch. 1, pars. 3-7; Henry Thomas Buckle, so that they may be burned lest, be he
History of Civilization in England, chs. a cleric or a layman, he be suspected
8 , 12, 14 (New York, 1895, vol. 1, until he is cleared of all suspicion.”—
pp. 364-366, 369-371, 437, 540, 541, D. Lortsch, Histoire de la Bible en
550); Blackwood’s Magazine, vol. 34, France, 1910, p. 14.
no. 215 (November, 1833), p. 739; J. At the Council of Constance, in
G. LPorroitmesetar,nAt nChHuirscthoriincaFl rSaknectec,hchof. 1415, Wycliffe was posthumously
the condemned by Arundel, the arch-
8, pars. 6, 7. bishop of Canterbury, as “that pes-
tilent wretch of damnable heresy
Page 148. EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS who invented a new translation of
AND DESTROY THE BIBLE.—The the Scriptures in his mother tongue.”
council of Toulouse, which met about The opposition to the Bible by the
the time of the crusade against the Roman Catholic Church has contin-
Albigenses, ruled: “We prohibit lay- ued through the centuries and was
men possessing copies of the Old and increased particularly at the time of
New Testament. … We forbid them the founding of Bible societies. On
most severely to have the above books December 8, 1866, Pope Pius IX, in
in the popular vernacular.” “The lords his encyclical Quanta Cura, issued a
of the districts shall carefully seek out

400 The Great Controversy

syllabus of eighty errors under ten dif- James Bicheno, The Signs of the Times
ferent headings. Under heading IV we (London, 1794); James Winthrop, A
find listed: “Socialism, communism, Systematic Arrangement of Several
clandestine societies, Bible societies. Scripture Prophecies Relating to An-
… Pests of this sort must be destroyed Cticohurrisset;oWf HitihstTorhyei(rBAopstpolnic,a1t7io9n5)to; atnhde
by all possible means.” Lathrop, The Prophecy of Daniel Relat-
ing to the Time of the End (Springfield,
Page 153. THE REIGN OF TER- Massachusetts, 1811).
ROR.—For a reliable, brief introduc-
tion into the history of the French For the church during the Revolution
Revolution see L. Gershoy, The French see W. M. Sloan, The French Revolu-
Revolution (1932); G. Lefebvre, The tFRi.oeLvnoaaluGntdoiorRncee(,lPiHgairiosiutso,si1rR9ee0Rf9oe)rl.migie(u19se01d)e; P.
Coming of the French Revolution la
(Princeton, 1947); and H. von Sy-
bel, History of the French Revolution On relations with the papacy see G.
(1869), 4 vols. Bourgin, La France et Rome de 1788-
The Moniteur Officiel was the gov- 1797 (Paris, 1808), based on secret
ernment paper at the time of the files in the Vatican; A. Latreille, L’
Revolution and is a primary source, Eglise Catholique et la Revolution
containing a factual account of ac- (Paris, 1950), especially interesting
tions taken by the Assemblies, full on Pius VI and the religious crisis,
texts of the documents, etc. It has 1775-1799.
been reprinted. See also A. Aulard,
Christianity and the French Revolution For Protestants during the Revolu-
(London, 1927), in which the account tion, see Pressense (ed.), The Reign
is carried through 1802—an excel- of Terror (Cincinnati, 1869).
lent study; W. H. Jervis, The Gallican
Church and the Revolution (London, Page 156. THE MASSES AND THE
1882), a careful work by an Anglican, PRIVILEGED CLASSES.—On social
but shows preference for Catholicism. conditions prevailing in France prior
On the relation of church and state in to the period of the Revolution, see
France during the French Revolution H. von Holst, Lowell Lectures on the
see Henry H. Walsh, The Concordate French Revolution, lecture 1; also
of 1801: A Study of Nationalism in Taine, Ancien Regime, and A. Young,
Relation to Church and State (New Travels in France.
York, 1933); Charles Ledre, L’Englise
de France souls la Revolution (Paris, Page 158. RETRIBUTION.—For fur-
1949). ther details concerning the retributive
Some contemporary studies on the character of the French Revolution see
religious significance of the Revolu- Thos. H. Gill, The Papal Drama, b. 10;
tion are G. Chais de Sourcesol, Le Edmond de Pressense, The Church
Livre des Manifestes (Avignon, 1800), and the French Revolution, b. 3, ch. 1.
in which the author endeavored to
ascertain the causes of the upheaval,
and its religious significance, etc.;

Appendix 401

Page 158. THE ATROCITIES OF Page 160. FOREIGN MISSIONS.—
THE REIGN OF TERROR.—See The missionary activity of the early
M. A. Thiers, History of the French Christian church has not been dupli-
Revolution, vol. 3, pp. 42-44, 62-74, cated until modern times. It had virtu-
106 (New York, 1890, translated by F. ally died out by the year 1000, and was
Shoberl); F. A. Mignet, History of the succeeded by the military campaigns
French Revolution, ch. 9, par. 1 (Bohn, of the Crusades. The Reformation era
1894); A. Alison, History of Europe, saw little foreign mission work, except
1789-1815, vol. 1, ch. 14 (New York, on the part of the early Jesuits. The
1872, vol. 1, pp. 293-312). pietistic revival produced some mis-
sionaries. The work of the Moravian
Page 160. THE CIRCULATION OF Church in the eighteenth century
THE SCRIPTURES.—In 1804, ac- was remarkable, and there were some
cording to Mr. William Canton of missionary societies formed by the
the British and Foreign Bible Society, British for work in colonized North
“all the Bibles extant in the world, in America. But the great resurgence of
manuscript or in print, counting every foreign missionary activity begins
version in every land, were computed around the year 1800, at “the time
at not many more than four millions. of the end.” Daniel 12:4. In 1792
… The various languages in which was formed the Baptist Missionary
those four millions were written, Society, which sent Carey to India. In
including such bygone speech as 1795 the London Missionary Society
the Moeso-Gothic of Ulfilas and the was organized, and another society
Anglo-Saxon of Bede, are set down in 1799 which in 1812 became the
as numbering about fifty.”—What is Church Missionary Society. Shortly
the Bible Society? rev. ed., 1904, p. 23. afterward the Wesleyan Missionary
The American Bible Society reported Society was founded. In the United
a distribution from 1816 through States the American Board of Com-
1955 of 481,149,365 Bibles, Testa- missioners for Foreign Missions was
ments, and portions of Testaments. To formed in 1812, and Adoniram Jud-
this may be added over 600,000,000 son was sent out that year to Calcutta.
Bibles or Scripture portions dis- He established himself in Burma the
tributed by the British and Foreign next year. In 1814 the American Bap-
Bible Society. During the year 1955 tist Missionary Union was formed.
alone the American Bible Society The Presbyterian Board of Foreign
distributed a grand total of 23,819,733 Missions was formed in 1837.
Bibles, Testaments, and portions of “In A.D. 1800, … the overwhelm-
Testaments throughout the world. ing majority of Christians were the
As of November 2014 the full Bible descendants of those who had been
has been translated into 531 lan- won before A.D. 1500. … now, in the
guages, and 2,883 languages have at nineteenth century, came a further
least some portion of the Bible. expansion of Christianity. Not so
many continents or major countries
were entered for the first time as in
the preceding three centuries. That
would have been impossible, for on

402 The Great Controversy

all the larger land masses of the earth Chronology of Ezra 7 (Washington,
except Australia and among all the D. C.: Review and Herald Publish-
more numerous peoples and in all ing Assn., 1953); E. G. Kraeling, The
the areas of high civilization Chris- (BNroeowklHynavMenusoeruLmonAdroanm, a1i9c53P)a,ppypri.
tianity had been introduced before 191-193; The Seventh-Day Adventist
A.D. 1800. What now occurred was Bible Commentary (Washington,
the acquisition of fresh footholds in D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing
regions and among peoples already Assn., 1954), vol. 3, pp. 97-110.
touched, an expansion of unprec-
edented extent from both the newer Page 188. FALL OF THE OTTOMAN
bases and the older ones, and the EMPIRE.—The impact of Moslem
entrance of Christianity into the large Turkey upon Europe after the fall of
majority of such countries, islands, Constantinople in 1453 was as severe
peoples, and tribes as had previously as had been the catastrophic con-
not been touched. … quests of the Moslem Saracens, during
“The nineteenth century spread of the century and a half after the death
Christianity was due primarily to a of Mohammed, upon the Eastern
new burst of religious life emanating Roman Empire. Throughout the Ref-
from the Christian impulse. … never ormation era, Turkey was a continual
in any corresponding length of time threat at the eastern gates of European
had the Christian impulse given rise Christendom; the writings of the Re-
to so many new movements. Never formers are full of condemnation of
had it had quite so great an effect the Ottoman power. Christian writers
upon Western European peoples. It since have been concerned with the
was from this abounding vigor that role of Turkey in future world events,
there issued the missionary enterprise and commentators on prophecy have
which during the nineteenth century seen Turkish power and its decline
so augmented the numerical strength forecast in Scripture.
and the influence of Christianity.”— For the latter chapter, under the
Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History “hour, day, month, year” prophecy,
of the Expansion of Christianity, vol. As part of the sixth trumpet, Josiah
IV, The Great Century A.D. 1800-A.D. Litch worked out an application of the
11991441)(,Npepw. 2Y-o4r. k: Harper & Brothers, time prophecy, terminating Turkish
independence in August, 1840. Litch’s
Pages 184, 185. PROPHETIC DATES. view can be found in full in his The
—According to Jewish reckoning the Probability of the Second Coming of
fifth month (Ab) of the seventh year of Christ about A.D. 1843 (published in
Artaxerxes’ reign was from July 23 to June, 1838); An Address to the Clergy
August 21, 457 B.C. After Ezra’s arrival (published in the spring of 1840; a
in Jerusalem in the autumn of the year, second edition, with historical data
the decree of the king went into effect. in support of the accuracy of former
For the certainty of the date 457 B.C. calculations of the prophetic period
being the seventh year of Artaxerxes, extending to the fall of the Ottoman
see S. H. Horn and L. H. Wood, The Empire, was published in 1841); and

Appendix 403

an article in Signs of the Times and 98-117; John Dowling, History of
Expositor of Prophecy, Aug. 1, 1840. Romanism, b. 7, ch. 2, sec. 14; and b.
See also article in Signs of the Times 9, ch. 3, secs. 24-27 (1871 ed., pp. 491-
and Expositor of Prophecy, Feb. 1, 496, 621-625); Lo.fFT. Breunntg, epnpe.r,1H01is-t1o1r0y
1841; and J. N. Loughborough, The of the Council
Great Advent Movement (1905 ed.), (2d Edinburgh ed., 1853, translated
pp. 129-132. The book by Uriah by D. D. Scott); G. H. Putnam, Books
SRthmeevipetlhrao,tpiTohhneo,turicegvthi.mtesdion. nogfoD1f9at4hn4iise, pldriasoncpduhsetshceyes and Their Makers During the Middle
on pages 506-517. Ages, vol. 1, pt. 2, ch. 2, pars. 49, 54-
56. See also Index of Prohibited Books
For the earlier history of the Ottoman (Vatican Polyglot Press, 1930), pp. ix,
Empire and the decline of the Turkish x; Timothy Hurley, A Commentary
power, see also William Miller, The on the Present Index Legislation (New
York: Benziger Brothers, 1908), p. 71;
Translation of the Great Encyclical Let-
Ottoman Empire and its Successors, ters of Leo XIII (New York: Benziger
1801-1927 (Cambridge, England: Brothers, 1903), p. 413.
University Press, 1936); George G.
S. L. 1E2v8e8rstloe1y,91T4h(eLoTnudrkoinsh: T.EFmisphierer But in recent years a dramatic and
From positive change has occurred in
Unwin, Ltd., 2d ed., 1923); Joseph von this respect. On the one hand, the
Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des church has approved several versions
Osmannischen Reiches (Pesth: C. A. prepared on the basis of the original
Hartleben, 2d ed., 1834-36), 4 vols.; languages; on the other, it has pro-
Herbert A. Gibbons, Foundation of moted the study of the Holy Scriptures
The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1403 (Ox- by means of free distribution and
ford: University Press, 1916); Arnold Bible institutes. The church, however,
J. Toynbee and Kenneth B. Kirkwood, continues to reserve for herself the
Turkey (London, 1926). exclusive right to interpret the Bible
in the light of her own tradition, thus
Page 192. WITHHOLDING THE justifying those doctrines that do not
BIBLE FROM THE PEOPLE.—The harmonize with biblical teachings.
reader will recognize that the text
of this volume was written prior to Page 211. ASCENSION ROBES.—
Vatican Council II, with its somewhat The story that the Adventists made
altered policies in regard to the read- robes with which to ascend “to meet
ing of the Scriptures. the Lord in the air,” was invented by
Through the centuries, the attitude of those who wished to reproach the
the Roman Catholic Church toward Advent preaching. It was circulated
circulation of the Holy Scriptures in so industriously that many believed it,
vernacular versions among the laity but careful inquiry proved its falsity.
shows up as negative. See for example For many years a substantial reward
G. P. Fisher, The Reformation, ch. 15, was offered for proof that one such
par. 16 (1873 ed., pp. 530-532); J. instance ever occurred, but no proof
Cardinal Gibbons, The Faith of Our has been produced. None who loved
Fathers, ch. 8 (49th ed., 1897), pp. the appearing of the Saviour were so

404 The Great Controversy

ignorant of the teachings of the Scrip- Daniel and John, do actually expire
tures as to suppose that robes which about this age of the world, and it
they could make would be necessary would be a strange logic that would
for that occasion. The only robe which convict you of heresy for holding in
the saints will need to meet the Lord is effect the same views which stand
the righteousness of Christ. See Isaiah forth so prominent in the notices of
61:10; Revelation 19:8. these eminent divines.” “Your results
For a thorough refutation of the leg- in this field of inquiry do not strike
end of ascension robes, see Francis D. me so far out of the way as to affect
Nichol, Midnight Cry (Washington, any of the great interests of truth or
D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing duty.” “Your error, as I apprehend,
Assn., 1944), chs. 25-27, and Ap- lies in another direction than your
pendices H-J. See also Leroy Edwin chronology.” “You have entirely mis-
Froom, Prophetic Faith of our Fathers taken the nature of the events which
(Washington, D.C.: Review and Her- are to occur when those periods have
ald Publishing Assn., 1954), vol. 4, expired. This is the head and front of
pp. 822-826. your expository offending.” see also
Leroy Edwin Froom, Prophetic Faith
Page 211. THE CHRONOLOGY OF of our Fathers (Washington, D.C.:
PROPHECY.—Dr. George Bush, Review and Herald Publishing Assn.,
professor of Hebrew and Oriental 1950), vol. 1, chs. 1, 2.
Literature in the New York City Page 247. A THREEFOLD MES-
University, in a letter addressed to SAGE.—Revelation 14:6, 7 foretells
William Miller and published in the the proclamation of the first angel’s
Advent Herald and Signs of the Times message. Then the prophet continues:
Reporter, Boston, March 6 and 13, “There followed another angel, saying,
1844, made some important admis- Babylon is fallen, is fallen. … and the
sions relative to his calculation of the third angel followed them.” the word
prophetic times. Dr. Bush wrote: here rendered “followed” means “to go
“Neither is it to be objected, as I con- along with,” “to follow one,” “go with
ceive, to yourself or your friends, that him.” see Henry George Liddell and
you have devoted much time and at- Robert Scott, Greek English Lexicon
tention to the study of the chronology (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), vol.
of prophecy, and have labored much 1, p. 52. It also means “to accompany.”
to determine the commencing and see George Abbott-Smith, A Manual
closing dates of its great periods. If Greek Lexicon of the New Testament
these periods are actually given by the (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1950),
Holy Ghost in the prophetic books, page 17. It is the same word that is
it was doubtless with the design that used in Mark 5:24, “Jesus went with
they Mede, Sir Isaac Newton, Bishop him; and much people followed him,
Newton, Kirby, Scott, Keith, and a and thronged him.” It is also used of
host of others who have long since the redeemed one hundred and forty-
come to substantially your conclu- four thousand, Revelation 14:4, where
sions on this head. They all agree that it is said, “These are they which follow
the leading periods mentioned by the Lamb whithersoever He goeth.”

Appendix 405

In both these places it is evident that sity Press, 1927). For the false “Dona-
the idea intended to be conveyed is tion of Constantine” see Christopher
that of “going together,” “in company B. Coleman, The Treatise of Lorenzo
with.” So in 1 Corinthians 10:4, where Valla on the Donation of Constantine
we read of the children of Israel that (New York, 1914), which gives the
“they drank of that spiritual Rock that full Latin text and translation, and a
followed them,” the word “followed” is complete criticism of the document
translated from the same Greek word, and its thesis.
and the margin has it, “went with Page 324. WITHHOLDING THE
them.” from this we learn that the idea BIBLE FROM THE PEOPLE.—See
in Revelation 14:8, 9 is not simply that note for page 192.
the second and third angels followed Page 331. THE ETHIOPIAN
the first in point of time, but that they CHURCH AND THE SABBATH.—
went with him. The three messages are Until rather recent years the Coptic
but one threefold message. They are Church of Ethiopia observed the
three only in the order of their rise. seventh-day Sabbath. The Ethiopi-
But having risen, they go on together ans also kept Sunday, the first day of
and are inseparable. the week, throughout their history
Page 253. SUPREMACY OF THE as a Christian people. These days
BISHOPS OF ROME.—For the were marked by special services in
leading circumstances in the assump- the churches. The observance of the
tion of supremacy by the Bishops of seventh-day Sabbath has, however,
Rome, see Robert Francis Cardinal virtually ceased in modern Ethiopia.
Bellarmine, Power of the Popes in For eyewitness accounts of religious
Temporal Affairs (there is an English days in Ethiopia, see Pero Gomes de
translation in the Library of Congress, Teixeira, The Discovery of Abyssinia by
Washington, D. C.); Henry Edward the Portuguese in 1520 (translated in
Cardinal Manning, The Temporal English in London: British Museum,
Power of the Vicar of Jesus Christ 1938), p. 79; Father Francisco Alverez,
(London: Burns and Lambert, 2d ed., Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to
1862); and James Cardinal Gibbons, Abyssinia During the Years 1520-1527,
Faith of our Fathers (Baltimore: John in the records of the Hakluyt Society
Murphy Co., 110th ed., 1917), chs. 5, (London, 1881), vol. 64, pp. 22-49;
9, 10, 12. For Protestant authors see Michael Russell, Nubia and Abyssinia
Trevor Gervase Jalland, The Church (quoting Father Lobo, Catholic Mis-
and the Papacy (London: Society for sionary in Ethiopia in 1622) (New
Promoting Christian Knowledge, York: Harper & Brothers, 1837), pp.
1944, a Bampton Lecture) ; and 226-229; S. Giacomo Baratti, Late
RCilachimarsd(LForneddeornic: kSoLciitetlteydfoalreP, rPoemtrionte- Travels Into the Remote Countries
ing Christian Knowledge, 1899). For of Abyssinia (London: Benjamin
sources of the early centuries of the Billingsley, 1670), pp. 134-137; Job
Petrine theory, see James T. Shotwell Ludolphus, A New History for Ethiopia
and Louise Ropes Loomis, The See of (London: S. Smith, 1682), pp. 234-
Peter (New York: Columbia Univer-

406 The Great Controversy

357; Samuel Gobat, Journal of Three the History of the Eastern Church (New
Years’ Residence in Abyssinia (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1882),
York: ed. of 1850), pp. 55-58, 83-98. lecture 1, par. 1; C. F. Rey, Romance of
For other works touching upon the the Portuguese in Abyssinia (London:
question, see Peter Heylyn, History of F. H. and G. Witherley, 1929), pp. 59,
the Sabbath, 2d ed., 1636, vol. 2, pp. 253-297.
198-200; Arthur P. Stanley, Lectures on

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A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away, war broke

out in the universe, in the very throne room of Heaven.The powers of
light fought against the powers of darkness, and the powers of darkness
did not prevail but were cast to the Earth.
For millennia these two opposing forces have continued their warfare
here in an all-out effort to win the loyalty and worship of human hearts.
The weapons in this great cosmic struggle, being spiritual, have been
wielded in stark contrast to one another: truth against deception,
love against fear, liberty against bondage.The leader of the heavenly
rebellion, having successfully enlisted the aid of the human race in his
attack on the character and government of the Divine Sovereign, has
continued his evil work of bringing misery, death and destruction upon
the earth, leading billions to doubt the goodness, justice, and mercy of
God.All would have been lost to this rebellion had not an all wise and
loving Creator devised a plan to save the world from eternal ruin.
With Biblical and historical accuracy, The Great Controversy brings to
view the final chapters in the battle between good and evil, revealing

the true character of the Divine Ruler, His self-sacrificing love for
mankind, and the ultimate defeat of evil and its author.
“And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall
make you free.”The Gospel of John (8:32)

www.peacefinders.org

ISBN 978-1-4507-8466-5