51
52 EVENTS
53
54 EVENTS
55
56 COESPU TRAINING COESPU TRAINING
57
58 COESPU TRAINING 8TH CORE PRE-DEPLOYMENT TRAINING MATERIALS - CPTM08 24TH (ENHANCED) COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS COURSE - (E)CPOC24 9TH CORE PRE-DEPLOYMENT TRAINING MATERIALS - CPTM09 25TH (ENHANCED) COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS COURSE - (E)CPOC25 JANUARY 11TH – JANUARY 31ST, 2023 FEBRUARY 22ND – MARCH 14TH, 2023
59 15TH HIGH RISK OPERATIONS COURSE – HRO15 FEBRUARY 14TH – MARCH 21ST, 2023
60 COESPU TRAINING Introduction The International Master Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies (IMSISS) is a prestigious Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme. It is run over two-years, across three European universities including the University of Glasgow, University of Trento, and Charles University in Prague. Through enrolment at these universities, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the actors and issues of the contemporary security environment. The purpose of the programme is to provide students with a range of hard and soft skills required to understand and tackle issues in a balanced, conscious and sustainable manner. The degree adopts a unique approach to security by combining theoretical, empirical and practical approaches across numerous levels of inquiry. This is possible by lectures from leading researchers in the field and partnerships with external actors. Through such ties, the students of IMSISS can achieve a well-rounded insight which can help bridge the gap between academia, policy formation and action in the field. For the second consecutive year, IMSISS students had the chance to visit the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza, Italy. Students are offered an opportunity to spend a number of days at CoESPU’s facilities for an immersed training offered by experts on stability policing and partake in a simulation exercise. The purpose of this visit is to familiarise students with the core functions of the police components of peace operations in an international setting. Upon completion of the training sessions, students acquire a comprehensive understanding of the various responsibilities of policing units in conflict stabilisation and peacebuilding. The days spent interacting with experts on stability policing are invaluable to students as they highlight the operational and tactical elements of international security. This report shares the highlights of the most recent IMSISS three-day study visit to CoESPU, which took place in February 2023. The report also reflects upon how interactions between practitioners and academia help to improve the security field in a broad sense. “Stability Policing” Module: Twoby Leah Donaldson Jiaxin Han Carolina Tellez Salinas Kristina Velimirovic IMSISS: REFLECTIONS ON THE SP MODULE BY COESPU International Master Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies (IMSISS): Reflections on the “Stability Policing” Module by CoESPU FEBRUARY 6TH – FEBRUARY 8TH, 2023
61 day Intensive Lectures After the welcoming remarks, the IMSISS delegation was offered a short tour through the CoESPU facilities. The first day of activities envisaged a number of lectures delivered by CoESPU experts on a variety of topics. To begin with, the Peace Support Operations Chair, Lt. Col. Romano, gave an Introduction to Peace Operations, emphasizing the UN System and its objective to achieve international peace and security, while Chapters VI and VII of the UN Charter were highlighted as the legal basis for establishing UN peace operations. The lecture outlined the decision-ma - king process within these operations which are integrated into the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of authority, command, and control. This was followed by a stimulating discussion on the UN responses throughout the “curve of conflict” which includes actions taken before, during, and after conflict. Lt. Col. Romano exemplified the topic and addressed the questions by drawing on his professional experiences in the UN missions. Following the introduction to the UN System, the Chair of the Stability Police Units, Lt. Col. Elia, introduced the class to the History and Institutionalisation of Stability Policing in Conflict Stabilisation. This discussion covered the development of the concept of peacekeeping, with a particular focus on the impact of the Cold War. It was highlighted that it was during this period that a more comprehensive approach to crisis management was called upon, particularly regarding the role of civilians. Lt. Col. Elia also discussed key documents and materials used in defining and conceptualising stability policing, notably the August 2000 Brahimi Report. This lecture emphasised that a variety of civilian-oriented elements are required to establish a Safe and Secure Environment (SASE). To start the second day, International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Chair, Lt. Col. Sutto, gave a comprehensive lecture on Human Rights and the use of force in Peace Operations. As stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, human rights are fundamental to all human beings. Moreover, according to the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy, all the UN entities are obliged to suspend any type of support to local actors who do not comply with human rights standards or encourage their development. Students deeply engaged in this topic and appreciated the anecdotes from the field provided by Lt. Col. Sutto. Through such interaction, the lecture embarked on an interesting discussion that was grounded in practical experience. Ukrainian student, Yulia Rudenko shared that these first-hand insights were “invaluable in learning how international humanitarian law works in real life” and thus, “how peacekeeping missions enhance the application of IHL in conflict-torn places.” The second lecture of the day, Police Capacity Building and D e v e l o p m e n t (CB&D) in Peace Operations, was delivered by the Head of Research Office, Lt. Col. Sinconi. Understood as an effort to strengthen aptitudes, resources, relationships and facilitate conditions necessary to act effectively to achieve an intended purpose, capacity building targets individuals, institutions, and their enabling environment. Going hand in hand, police development refers to the efforts to strengthen a host state law enforcement service through the “UNDERSTOOD AS AN EFFORT TO STRENGTHEN APTITUDES, RESOURCES, RELATIONSHIPS AND FACILITATE CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO ACT EFFECTIVELY TO ACHIEVE AN INTENDED PURPOSE, CAPACITY BUILDING TARGETS INDIVIDUALS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THEIR ENABLING ENVIRONMENT.”
62 COESPU TRAINING Reform and Restructuring, as part of capacity building. In other words, Police CB&D outlines how to best prepare officers and host-state institutions to ensure the long-term sustainability of international peace efforts, as explained in the policy of the United Nations police. The lecture gave insights into the policy of the United Nations Police (UNPOL), and highlighting the three different mandates: (i) Interim law enforcement, (ii) Operational support, and (iii) Reform, reconstruction and rebuilding. Students were familiarized with the fact that all of the UNPOL mission operate under the CB&D mandate, the so-called Reform, Reconstruction and Rebuilding mandate which is embedded within the Security Council Resolution as the guiding document, and later on translated into Concepts of Operations (CONOPS), on the strategic level. Furthermore, it was explained how different international actors – such as the UN, the EU, NATO or the African Union - all have similar but somewhat different doctrinal approaches to Police CB&D. Stability Police Units Chair, Lt. Col. Elia noted the importance of the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the event of armed conflicts and outlined the protocols that are exclusively dedicated to this matter. The lecturer emphasised how damage to cultural property means damage to cultural heritage of all mankind, since the latter is the product of people’s contribution to the world. As noted on UN Security Council Resolution 2347 (2017) the inclusion of the cultural component in humanitarian actions is of utmost importance for the processes of building and maintaining peace. Thus, UN Peacekeeping missions should dedicate efforts to protect and preserve monuments of architecture, art or history, archaeological sites, and scientific collections. Lt. Col. Elia kindly shared his experiences in mission and how he equipped his colleagues with knowledge on how to identify and safeguard cultural properties. The lecturer also highlighted the case of the Islamist rebel Ahmad al Faqi al Mahdi as an example of the work done by the International Criminal Court (ICC) to prosecute those who fail to respect and protect objects with cultural value. With this lecture IMSISS students developed a keen understanding of the social, economic and military value of cultural property and its importance as a tool for reconciliation. British student, Chris Georgiou shared: “I particularly enjoyed hearing about the protection of cultural artefacts and the cultural considerations that come into play when managing peacekeeping operations overseas. Hearing about context-specific considerations such as electricity supplies, education levels and societal norms and how they are managed in peacekeeping were prime examples of this.” During the next session on the Environmental Protection, Forestry and Agrifood Chair, Lt. Col. Bizzotto, discussed the relationship between the environment and conflict. Starting with a brief introduction of the relevant doctrines within the international framework, students gained a deeper grasp of the importance of environmental considerations in peacekeeping and post-conflict stability. The lecture dived into the importance of natural resource and environmental management, and its five pillars: (i) environment management system, (ii) management of water and wastewater, (iii) management of hazardous waste, (iv) energy management, and (v) wildlife and cultural heritage preservation. Each of these are indispensable for a holistic approach to natural resources preservation. Ultimately, students gained an understanding of environmental security and sustainable peace as a collective responsibility. Additionally, students learned that the preservation of natural resources and the environment is a space for cooperation and is inherent to the objectives of the UN peacekeeping operations. The lecture on Tactical and Strategic Planning, provided by Plan-
63 ning and Exercise Chair, Col. Di Piazza, was of undoubtable value to IMSISS, particularly those students coming solely from an academic background into the programme. As university students we are often focused on the theory and policy regarding international security and conflict. However, this lesson on tactical and strategic planning offered insight to the practical skills needed to plan and carry out successful operations. By breaking down the stages and elements involved in strategic, operational, and tactical planning, students were made aware of the plethora of considerations that have to be accounted for. Furthermore, the class were provided with a number of matrices which are used to identify threats and risks at the mission level. This gave insight to challenges and downfalls involved in the Protection of Civilians (PoC) mandate. Col. Piazza also gave an overview of the various UN documents issued before and during a mission, explaining their purpose and how they should be read. This was a unique insight for the students and was essential to the participation in the simulation activity that followed. Scenario-based Simulation Exercise On the third day of the study visit, IMSISS students engaged in the Computer Assisted Exercise in the command post exercise room (CAX in MaGISTRa). Students were given the opportunity to take part in peacekeeping operations by assuming roles in a deployed United Nation Assistance Mission to Carana (UNAC). The exercise was developed in accordance with the official UN Peacekeeping Training Material on Carana, a scenario-based exercise, which provided the students with a hands-on insight to the operational documents provided to official UN peacekeeping personnel. In the MaGISTRa, students were divided into groups and collaborated to identify a course of action based on received inputs. The first input requested the students to identify three main threats in the country scenario and apply the theoretical knowledge they encountered during the previous lectures. With the help of threat analysis and risk assessment matrix, students implemented the PoC mandate according to the three tiers of action: (i) protection through political presence, (ii) protection from physical violence and (iii) establishing a protective environment. Threats identified were then also examined through the four courses of action: (i) prevention, (ii) pre-emption, (iii) response and (iv) consolidation. Each group presented their findings and responses, stimulating a fruitful discussion with the rest of the students and CoESPU representatives, Lt. Col. Sutto and Planning and Col. Di Piazza. Ultimately, the simulation exercise allowed the students to apply their academic knowledge to a practical security situation, demanding a deep understanding of different stakeholders involved but also an immediate, robust and comprehensive response. Closing Remarks The IMSISS visit to CoESPU ended with a closing ceremony hosted by B.G. Giovanni Pietro Barbano, the Director of the Centre of Excellence, who expressed his great satisfaction and praised the students´ commitment for working in the field of security studies. The Director congratulated the students for their active engagement during the three-day study visit. B.G. Barbano also thanked the lecturers and the University of Trento for the logistical and academic efforts put into the realisation of the study visit. Finally, B.G. Barbano invited the IMSISS students to stay in touch with the CoESPU staff and to apply for future collaboration opportunities with the research team. Before concluding the report, we would like to thank a number of people. Firstly, Silvia Tomaselli for taking care of the logistical and administrative arrangements on behalf of students. Secondly, professor dr. Georgios Glouftsios of the University of Trento for leading the trip. Thirdly, we would like to thank the staff across the CoESPU for making us feel welcomed at the Vicenza base and ensuring we had everything that we needed. Lastly, to the speakers and facilitators at the Centre of Excellence for Stability Policing Units for their insightful lectures and allowing the students to partake in the simulation exercise. The experience was invaluable to the students, and IMSISS looks forward to its return to CoESPU in the following years. “POLICE CB&D OUTLINES HOW TO BEST PREPARE OFFICERS AND HOST-STATE INSTITUTIONS TO ENSURE THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE EFFORTS, AS EXPLAINED IN THE POLICY OF THE UNITED NATIONS POLICE.”
64 ONSITE VISITS COESPU ONSITE VISITS
65
66 ONSITE VISITS MR GEORGE MCDONNELL, PKSOI MARCH 9TH, 2023
67 MARCH 10TH, 2023 AMBASSADOR JEAN-PIERRE LACROIX, UN USG FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
68 ONSITE VISITS MARCH 10TH, 2023 AMBASSADOR JEAN-PIERRE LACROIX, UN USG FOR PEACE OPERATIONS
69 H.E. MS ANNA MARIA ANDERS, AMBASSADOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND TO ITALY MARCH 14TH, 2023
70 ONSITE VISITS MR OVIDIU RAEȚCHI, EURO - ATLANTIC CENTRE FOR RESILIENCE PRESIDENT MARCH 23RD, 2023
71 VICE ADMIRAL DARIO GIACOMIN, ITALIAN MILITARY REPRESENTATIVE TO NATO AND UE MARCH 24TH, 2023
72 NEWS Introduction The Arma dei Carabinieri offers the international community the possibility of joining the Carabinieri Training Centre of the Forestry School in Sabaudia, which constitutes an International Centre of Excellence for the Protection of the Environment and the Care of Territory. For this reason, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Defence, Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies and Ecological Transition signed, in December 2021, a specific Memorandum of Understanding aimed at institutionalising a strengthened collaboration in international cooperation activities for sustainable development, founded on the sharing of knowledge, experiences and best practices. The Sabaudia Training Centre boasts a historical tradition of excellence for the training of operators for the protection of environment, biodiversity and ecosystems, with specific expertise in the care of the territory, through the application of advanced forest engineering techniques. The Sabaudia Centre is located in the area of the Circeo National Park – a UNESCO biosphere reserve – and can be reached in one hour from the international airport of Rome-Fiumicino. For this reason, the Centre is the ideal venue for international environmental training courses and meetings, having 1 lecture hall with 100 seats, also equipped for simultaneous translation; 3 spacious and bright classrooms; a number of double and triple rooms, able to accommodate about 60 trainees at the same time; a wide range of facilities including a canteen, a gym, a recreation room and an infirmary, as well as a guesthouse, with double and single rooms, for 16 guests. In an international context, the Centre can be key to injecting elements of environmental governance in countries in need of acquiring skills and experiences, so that their economic development is also sustainable at an ecological level. The founding idea is to seek an institutional partnership with UN Agencies engaged in environmental issues, to promote annual operation plans and calls for the selection of applicants coming mainly from developing countries. The activities will be oriented to the conservation techniques of territory and biodiversity - reforestation and fight against climate change, inventory of animal and plant species at risk, protection of indigenous species from the threat of alien ones, hydrogeological protection while also being able to make use of the potential of CARABINIERI INTERNATIONAL CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Carabinieri International Centre of Excellence for the Protection of the Environment and the Care of Territory AND THE CARE OF TERRITORY
73 the interactive digital simulator for complex exercises for the defence of forest ecosystems from fires (Forest Fire Area Simulator - FFAS) located at the nearby Carabinieri Training Centre of Castel Volturno. In particular, 14 training modules with a minimum duration of 5 days have been developed, creating an interdisciplinary thematic path that can be divided, validated and shared in different international contexts. The teaching will be carried out, in both English and French languages, by experts from the Forestry, Environmental and Food Organisation of the Carabinieri, Officials of the Ministries involved in the activities, as well as magistrates and professionals from the academic world and the private sector. Thanks to its versatility, this training can be offered to international organisations, governmental and non-governmental agencies, the academic world and the private sector for train the trainer activities, which can be suitable for decision-makers, as well as executive activities, dedicated to technical staff working in the field. The training modules, summarised in the following tables, are based on the quality of teaching and on the experience gained by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Continuous interaction with trainees and different activities (case studies, visits, workshops, exercises), which merge theoretical training with practical applications, lays the foundations of the educational path. Furthermore, the Centre is able to deploy Mobile Training Teams (MTT), made up of instructors and experts, with three distinct functions: providing pre-deployment training sessions in beneficiary countries (on request); validating that trained units correctly form their units according to established standards; ensuring that units continue to maintain their prerogatives. These are some of the courses available at the Carabinieri International Centre of Excellence for the Protection of the Environment and the Care of Territory in Sabaudia: •Protection and conservation of biodiversity: heritage for life, development and health •Monitoring impact of air pollution on terrestrial ecosystems: the CON. ECO.FOR. and NEC networks •The National Inventory of Forests and Carbon Tanks (INFC): the Italian experience of periodic census of forest resources and the stock of CO2 absorbed • Climate neutrality of field activities: strategies to reduce CO2 emissions •Forest fires. Techniques of scientific technical collection on stands topsoil crossed by fires for the detection of the causes of ignition - BASIC COURSE – •Forest fires. Techniques of scientific technical collection on stands topsoil crossed by fires for the detection of the causes of ignition - ADVANCED COURSE – •Best practices to combat pollution and environmental disasters •The environmental police with particular reference to the activities organised for national and transboundary illicit waste traffic •The environmental police with particular reference to the so-called cement cycle. Any request about the above mentioned training activities can be sent to the following email addresses: cgucigs@carabinieri.it and [email protected] AND THE CARE OF TERRITORY
74 NEWS 2023 Stability Policing Day On May 16th , Caserma Chinotto will host the third annual Stability Policing Day seminar. Topics of discussion will include the various approaches to Stability Policing among the United Nations, NATO and European Union during trilateral workshops, round-tables, and seminars, in order to strengthen the partnership among the three members of the International Stability Policing Hub. Stay tuned to our Social Media platforms for information on how to follow the 2023 Stability Policing Day live! COESPU, NATO SP COE, EUROGENDFOR PHQ www.coespu.org www.eurogendfor.org www.nspcoe.org
75
76 NEWS STAY TUNED! Over the years, CoESPU activities have been constantly progressing thanks to the collaboration with an ever larger number of universities and international institutions. We have now decided to reap the fruits of so much hard work by creating a special edition to our “CoESPU Magazine”: the Advanced Studies, a digital bi-annual scientific journal publishing the finest research by eminent authors and scholars in the field of Stability Policing, and other related matters. To download or browse it: www.coespu.org/magazine/advanced-studies-vol-1-2022. Enjoy it!
77
SOCIAL MEDIA 78 follow us on social media coespu.org facebook.com/coespu twitter.com/COESPU_News linkedin.com/school/coespu [email protected]
SOCIAL MEDIA 79 Visit: www.coespu.org We welcome your contributions! Should you wish to collaborate with our Magazine, please send your articles, tales or pictures from the field to [email protected] 3 - 2019 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN PEACE OPERATIONS UN PO & International Law Evolution through Continuity The Protection of HR in UN PO UN PO & International Law Evolution through Continuity The Protection of HR in UN PO Learning the language of human rights Peacekeeping Within the Boundaries of Int. Law The Future of Peacekeeping from the EU Prospective THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW RELATED TO PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units -Sub Iure ad Pacem tuendam Milites paro The CoESPU MAGAZINE The online quarterly Journal of Stability Policing Z Z B " - 7 7 ZB L W 7 " Z W W W " Z 7 7"7ZL"Z ZWZ7 7B"7Z"LL " - - 7 ZW " W Z" 7 B ZL " Z B L ZL 7 Z W "7 Z B 7 - WB ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ B7777 ZZZBBZZ" ZZW Z!Z # #Z Z! ZW Z $ Z %ZZ& ' ( &Z & )'# 'ZZ ) * - +ZWZL& Z' Z & Z # Z& ' LZ7B777WZ"LZW"LWZ W "-7Z7L "LWZL Z7B7ZL7"LW ZW"7 ,./0.1Z23Z456.88./6.Z321Z90:;<8<0=Z>28<6.Z?/<0@ZACDEZFDGHZIJZKIMHNZODHPJINZQRSROHTZUIGV "# ZB 7 W7 "# Z ZX )ZY Z %Z ! )Z ' Z Z- Z ZW Z " L Z # Z Z Z% Z ' Z Z & & Z Z& #! Z )*