42 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR 2.Equipments Otoscope & speculum Auditory evoked potential machine: assess specific areas of the brainstem, midbrain, and auditory cortex -AABR -ABR -ASSR -AMLR - LLR - Ecoch G Otoacoustic Emissions Analyzer (Screening and Diagnostic) Otoscope & speculum Auditory evoked potential machine: assess specific areas of the brainstem -AABR -ABR -ASSR Otoacoustic Emissions Analyzer (Screening) PPM Record (Planned Preventive Measures)/ Yearly calibration record Daily/ Biological calibration record Common types of calibration standards: 1.American National Standards Institute [ANSI] ANSI 2.Acoustical Society of America (ASA) 3.BS (British standard) 4.International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 5.International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
43 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR FASILITI BILIK TERAWAT BUNYI KEGUNAAN BILIK PROSEDUR AMPLIFIKASI BILIK & PERALATAN FASILITI STANDARD FASILITI ALTERNATIF KAEDAH SEMAKAN RUJUKAN/ KALIBRASI 1.Audiometric test room (sound treated room) custom size Types: Perforated metal or fabric. 2.Equipments Adequate size: minimum internal space of 12m2 for clinical testing and assessment (3m x 4m) -acoustic wall panel -single wall door using cam lock -floor finish (carpet) -acoustic silencer/ sound attenuator -power socket & lighting system -ventilation system Otoscope & speculum Hearing Aid Fitting device: REM, HATB, and speech mapping PC & HA software HINT & speaker Ear impression tools & materials Adequate size: minimum internal space of 6m2 for clinical testing and assessment (3m x 2m) -acoustic single leaf door using cam lock -acoustic ceiling and wall -floor finish (carpet) -ventilation system -lighting: general fluorescent -power socket Otoscope & speculum Hearing Aid Fitting device: REM or HATB PC & HA software Ear impression tools & materials Annual calibration certificate SLM Measurement tape PPM Record (Planned Preventive Measures)/ Yearly calibration record Daily/ Biological calibration record Peraturan-Peraturan Kilang Dan Jentera (Pendedahan Bising) (Pembatalan) 2019 [P.U.(A)59] Common types of calibration standards: 1.American National Standards Institute [ANSI] ANSI 2.Acoustical Society of America (ASA) 3.BS (British standard) 4.International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 5. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
44 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lampiran 2 : Borang Persetujuan Menjalani Prosedur
45 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lampiran 3 : Borang Audiogram
46 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lampiran 4 : Retrocochlear Assessment Form
47 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR
48 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lampiran 5 : Senarai Semak Penilaian Audiologi Retrokoklear Bil Tindakan Tanda Catatan 1 Pesakit dirujuk daripada Pakar /pegawai perubatan 2 Pastikan identiti pesakit ● Nama ● No. Pendaftaran 3 Pemeriksaan telinga menggunakan otoskop dan timpanometer 4 Menjalankan ujian pendengaran ke atas pesakit 5 Melakukan penilaian retrokoklear 6 Analisa keputusan 7 Rujukan semula kepada pakar/pegawai perubatan yang merujuk 8 Menjalankan rawatan (re)habilitasi (jika perlu)
49 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lampiran 6 : Laporan Kawalan Kualiti Perlaksanaan POS KAWALAN DAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN KUALITI POS Skop: POS Penilaian Audiologi Retrokoklear Hospital: Bulan / Tahun: Indikator Semua pesakit dengan masalah retrokoklea menerima penilaian seperti yang ditetapkan dalam POS Standard 100% Numerator (N) Bilangan rekod pesakit yang dinilai menggunakan semua prosedur yang ditetapkan Denominator (D) Jumlah rekod pesakit yang disemak Bulan/Tahun Numerator (N) Denominator (D) Pencapaian (%) Disediakan oleh: Ketua Unit Audiologi
50 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR 11. SENARAI SINGKATAN Penerangan Istilah-Istilah, Konsep & Senarai Singkatan ABR Auditory Brainstem Response AC Air Conduction AK Arahan Kerja BSA British Society of Audiology BC Bone Conduction CL Confidence Level CM Cochlear Microphonic dB Decibel dBHL Decibel Hearing Level dBnHL Decibel normal Hearing Level dBSPL Decibel for Sound Pressure Level DPOAE Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission EEG Electroencephalogram Hz Hertz IA Interaural IAA Interaural Attenuation ILD Inter Latency Difference IPL Inter Peak Latency KKM Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia OAE Otoacoustic Emission ORL Otorhinolaryngology PTA Pure Tone Audiometry POS Polisi Operasi Standard PPO Pelan Pengurusan Operasi SMRP Sistem Maklumat Rawatan Pelanggan SD Standard Deviation
51 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR 12. SENARAI RUJUKAN Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain, Ainnoor Shafinas Buyong & Nur Hafizah Sulaiman (2014). Intra-subject variability in the auditory brainstem response using a vertical montage recording. Speech, Language and Hearing, 17:3, 160-167 American Speech-Languange-Hearing Association. (1987). Short latency auditory evoked potentials [Relevant Paper]. Available from www.asha.org/policy. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005). Guidelines for Manual PureTone Threshold Audiometry [Guidelines]. British Society of Audiology (2018). Recommended Procedure: Pure-Tone AirConduction and Bone-Conduction Threshold Audiometry with and without Masking. British Society of Audiology (2018). Recommended Procedure: Tympanometry. British Society Of Audiology (2019) Recommended Procedure Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Testing for Post-newborn and Adult [Online]. Available from: https://www.thebsa.org.uk/resources/. Campbell, K. C. M., & Abbas, P. J. (1987). The Effect of Stimulus Repetition Rate on the Auditory Brainstem Response in Tumor and Nontumor Patients. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 30(4), 494. Campbell, K.C., & Mullin, G. (2018). Impedance Audiometry. Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1831254-overview. College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Ontario, Canada (2008). Practice Standards and Guidelines for Hearing Assessment of Adults by Audiologists. Dhar, S., & Hall, J. W. (2018). Otoacoustic Emissions: Principles, Procedures, and Protocols, Second Edition. Don. M. (2007). ABR Tools for Retrocochlear and Cochlear Assessment. The ASHA Leader, Vol. 12, Issue 7, Dec 2007, p8-11. Elpern, B.S., & Naunton, R.F. (1963). The Stability of the Occlusion Effect. Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 77, 44-52. Emmanuel, C. D. (2009). Acoustic Reflex Threshold (ART) Patterns: An Interpretation Guide for Students and Supervisors. Retrieved from https://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/acoustic-reflex-threshold-art-patterns-875.
52 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Fowler, C. G., & Shanks, J. E. (2002). Tympanometry. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology (5th ed.). (pp. 175-204). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Gefland, S.A. (2001). Essentials of Audiology (2nd ed.). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Gumus, N. M., Gumus, M., Unsal, S., Yuksel, M., & Gunduz, M. (2016). Examination of insert ear interaural attenuation (IA) values in audiological evaluations. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 39(6), S82-S85. https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v39i6.27507 H. Gustav Mueller III, James W. Hall III (1998). Audiologists’ Desk Reference – Volume II: Audiology Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology. Singular Publishing Group. Hall, J. W. (2015). Handbook of Auditory Evoked Responses. Pearson Education. Hall J W III. (1992). Handbook of auditory evoked responses. Allyn & Bacon. International Islamic University Malaysia (2014). Audiology Testing Protocol. Jerger J. (1970). Clinical Experience With Impedance Audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 92(4), 311–324. Jerger S & Jerger J (1977). Diagnostic Value of Cross vs. Uncrossed Acoustic Reflexes: Eight Nerve and Brain Stem Disorders. Arch Otolaryngol, 103: 445-53. Katz J. (2015). Handbook of Clinical Audiology, 7th Edition. William & Wilkins. Killion, M.C., Wilber, L. A., & Gudmundsen, G.I. (1985) Insert Earphones for More Interaural Attenuation. Hearing Instruments, 36, 34-36. Kim S. Schairer, M. Patrick Feeney & Chris A. Sanford in Ear and Hearing (2013). Acoustic Reflex Measurement. Koors PD, Thacker LR, Coelho DH. (2013). ABR in the diagnosis of vestibular schwannomas: a meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol., Vol. 34, Issue 3, May-June 2013, p195–204. Lightfoot, G. R. (1992). ABR Screening for acoustic neuromata: The role of rate-induced latency shift measurements. British Journal of Audiology, 26(4), 217–227. Lightfoot, G. R. (1993). Correcting for factors affecting ABR wave V latency. British Journal of Audiology, 27(3), 211–220.
53 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Lih AC, Zakaria MN, Mohamad RA, Nor Rashid MF (2017). Effects Of Ethnicity And Gender On The Middle Ear Function In Asian Adults. Indian J Otol 2017;23:94-7. Linda J. Hood (1998): Clinical Applications of the Auditory Brainstem Response. Singular Publishing Group. Margolis RH, Hunter LL (1999). Tympanometry: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. In: Musiek FE, Rintelmann WF. Contemporary Perspectives In Hearing Assessment. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999:89–130. Margolis, R. H., & Hunter, L. L. (2000). Acoustic Immittance Measurements. In R. J. Roeser, M. Valente & H. Hosford- Dunn (Ed.), Audiology Diagnosis. (pp. 381 - 423). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Musiek, F.E., McCormick C.A., & Hurley, R.M. (1996). Hit and False-Alarm Rates of Selected ABR Indices in Differentiating Cochlear Disorders From Acoustic Tumors. American Journal of Audiology, 5, 90-97. Nolan, M., & Lyon, D. J. (1981). Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 95(6), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215100091155. O-Uchi, T., & Kanzaki, J. (1983). Diagnostic Value of Auditory Brain Stem Responses (ABR) in Differential Diagnosis Between Cochlear Deafness and Acoustic Neuromas. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 95(sup393), 85–91. Prasad, J., & Cousins, V. C. (2008). Asymmetrical Hearing Loss. Australian Family Physician, 37(5), 312–320. R. Steven Ackley, PhD, CCC-A, FAAA, Linda Herzberger-Kimball, MS, Shannon Burns, MA, CCC-A, Shay Darnell Balew, MA, CCC-A (2006). Auditory Brainstem Response Testing: Stimulus Rate Revisited. Ramos JA, Kristensen SGB, Beck DL (2013). An Overview of OAEs and Normative Data for DPOAEs. Hearing Review. 2013;20(11):30-33. Selters, W. A., & Brackmann, D. E. (1977). Acoustic Tumor Detection With Brain Stem Electric Response Audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 103(4), 181–187. Snyder, J. M. (1973). Interaural attenuation characteristics in audiometry. The Laryngoscope, 83(11), 1847-1855. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.5540831117. Stanley A. Gelfand (1997). Essentials of Audiology, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
54 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Steven Kramer & David K. Brown (2019), Audiology Science to Practice, Third Edition. Tanaka, H., Komatsuzaki, A.S., & Hentona, H. (1996). Usefulness of auditory brainstem responses at high stimulus rates in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Related Specialities, 58, 224-8. Telian, S. A., & Kileny, P. R. (1989). Usefulness of 1000 Hz Tone-Burst-Evoked Responses in the Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 101(4), 466–471. Telian, S. A., Kileny, P. R., Niparko, J. K., Kemink, J. L., & Graham, M. D. (1989). Normal Auditory Brainstem Response in Patients with Acoustic Neuroma. The Laryngoscope, 99(1)
55 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR JAWATANKUASA INDUK PEMBENTUKAN PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD BAHAGIAN SAINS KESIHATAN BERSEKUTU KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA Penasihat : PUAN FARINA BINTI ZULKERNAIN Pengarah Bahagian Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Pengerusi : TUAN HAJI MUSTAFAH BIN MD NOR Timbalan Pengarah Kanan Bahagian Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Timbalan Pengerusi : TUAN HAJI ROSLAN BIN ABDUL AZIZ Timbalan Pengarah Bahagian Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Setiausaha 1 : ENCIK MUTHURAMAN A/L SELLATHURAI PATHAR Ketua Penolong Pengarah Kanan Bahagian Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Setiausaha 2 : PUAN NORHIDAYAH BINTI MUSA Ketua Penolong Pengarah Bahagian Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Fasilitator : PUAN NOOR ZAHIRAH BINTI HUSAIN Ketua Fasilitator Pegawai Optometri Hospital Kuala Lumpur : PUAN FARAH WAHIDA BINTI HASHIM Pegawai Optometri Hospital Selayang : PUAN SITI SURIANI BINTI CHE HUSSIN Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur : PUAN ROZILA BINTI SUMARDI Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Pertuturan) Hospital Sungai Buloh
56 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR JAWATANKUASA KERJA PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD PERKHIDMATAN AUDIOLOGI Pengerusi : Puan Siti Suriani Binti Che Hussin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur Ahli : Puan Nurul Ain Binti Abdullah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sungai Buloh Puan Mas Diana Binti Samsudin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur Dr. Nurul Huda Binti Bani Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras Puan Yuzaida Binti Md Yusoff Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar Puan Siti Aminah Binti Kamaludin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu Puan Nur Sarina Binti Abdul Rahman Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Selayang Puan Norfadillah Binti Nordin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras Puan Wan Suhailah Wan Hussain Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu Puan Roshila Bujang Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur
57 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR PENGHARGAAN (AJK KERJA) • Pn Nur Izzalina Binti Mohd Aris Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah Muar • Pn Norashikin Binti Chahed Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Ampang • Pn Marlia Mardiana Binti Mokhtar Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah Muar • Pn Norhayati Binti Sawal Hamid Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tuaku Azizah • Pn Tan I Dee Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Pulau Pinang • Pn Zubaidah Binti Md Salleh Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Putrajaya • Pn Aimee Bt Mohd Jamil Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Selayang • Pn Siti Syazielah Binti Mak Ghiyah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Selayang • Pn Kamariah Binti Mohd Judi Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sungai Buloh • Pn Che Wan Noor Haliza Binti Che Wan Razali Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur • Pn Siti Jamilah Binti Mohd Noor Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras • Pn Alia Nadiha Binti Alias Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultanah Bahiyyah • En Sulaiman Bin Hamzah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II • Pn Zarina Binti Zaharim Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah • En Ahmad Faiz Bin Md Salleh Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun • Pn Wan Madihah Binti Wan Embong Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Putrajaya • Pn Fathiah Binti Abdullah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II • Pn Siti Fatiha Binti Mohd Abas Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur • Pn Noor Rafidah Binti Kamaruddin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sungai Buloh • Pn Nur Syuhada Binti Mohd Rosli Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Shah Alam
58 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR • En Kamarul Akmal Bin Ishak Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim • Pn Rafidah Hassan Binti Mydin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tuanku Fauziah • Pn Ummi Najihah Binti Ramlan Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Melaka
59 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR PENGHARGAAN (PANEL PENYEMAK) • Pn Raja Faizatul Balqis Binti Raja Mudzafar Shah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun • Pn Farah Dalila Binti Mohamad Tahir Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun • Pn Wan Maizatulaimi Binti Wan Mahmood Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-kanak, Sabah • Pn Nurul Farhana Binti Badrul Ezan Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Teluk Intan • Pn Rohaizatul Binti Mat Yaacob Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah • Pn Ummu Athiyah Binti Abdul Razak Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Kuala Lumpur • En Shahrom Bin Ab Rahman Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II • En Mohd Ridhuan Bin Che Abdullah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar • Pn Norhidayah Binti Mat Noor Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Bukit Mertajam • Pn Norain Izzati Binti Mohd Daud Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Taiping • En Suhaiful Syaril Bin Suhaimi Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra • Pn Norazrin Binti Norazman Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultan Ismail • Pn Aima Suhaily Binti Azhar Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah • Pn Fatin Syakirah Binti Harun Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah • Pn Nurul Nadia Farieda Binti Mohd Fazli Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Duchess of Kent • En Mohamad Azmeer Bin Sadali Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sungai Buloh • Pn Nurul Diyana Binti Suhaimi Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan • Pn Norsyakirah Binti Mohamed Noordin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Serdang • En Shaharul Farzul Bin Razali Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah • Pn Engku Salma Binti Engku Ubaidillah Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Tuanku Fauziah
60 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR • En Mohd Ikhwan Muslimin Bin Mohd Zainudin Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim • Pn Loi Liang Ping Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Melaka • En Amirul Asraf Bin Md Saad Pegawai Pemulihan Perubatan (Audiologi) Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun
61 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR PENGHARGAAN (PANEL PENILAI) • Dr. Suhaimi Bin Yusuf Ketua Perkhidmatan ORL Negeri Pahang & Pakar ORL Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan • Prof. Dr. Ahmad Aidil Arafat Bin Dzulkarnain Dekan Kulliyyah Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) • Dr. Saiful Adli Bin Jamaludin Timbalan Dekan Academic and Internationalisation Kulliyyah Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) • Dr. Nashrah Binti Maamor Ketua Pusat Telinga, Pendengaran dan Pertuturan (Pusat HEARS) Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) • Dr. Shahrul Bin Hitam Ketua Jabatan & Pakar Perunding ORL Hospital Ampang • Dr. Wan Najibah Binti Wan Mohamad Pensyarah Universiti Program Audiologi Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) • Dr. Philip Rajan A/L Devesahayam Ketua Jabatan dan Pakar Perunding ORL Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun • Prof. Madya Dr. Nor Haniza Binti Abdul Wahat Pensyarah Kanan Program Audiologi Pusat Kajian Rehabilitasi & Keperluan Khas Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
62 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR Sekalung Penghargaan “Sekalung penghargaan dan terima kasih diucapkan kepada setiap individu atau organisasi yang telah memberikan sumbangan secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam menjayakan penghasilan Prosedur Operasi Standard ini”
1 PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD : PENILAIAN AUDIOLOGI RETROKOKLEAR