Guide Book Birds Of Putrajaya

~ Pycnonotidae ~

LC
Red-eyed Bulbul
Merbah Mata Merah
Pycnonotus brunneus

Description: Generally darker than
Cream-vented Bulbul. Upperparts dark
brown. Chin and throat whitish, breast
and belly ashy brown with dull tawny-
yellow undertail-coverts. Tail dark olive
brown. Red iris prominent. Juvenile:
Similar to adult but much paler and
browner. Size: 19-21cm.
Ecology: Habituate primary, secondary and logged forests, and forest
edges from low elevations up to 1200m. They can be found across
Thai-Malay Peninsular, Sumatra and Borneo. Common resident in
Peninsular Malaysia. Mainly feeds on fruits, berries, seeds but also takes
invertebrates such as grasshopper and caterpillars.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

LC

Red-whiskered Bulbul
Merbah Telinga Merah
Pycnonotus jocosus

Description: Brown-and-white bulbul with
prominent crest. Tall black crest erects and
brown upperparts contrast with greyish-
white underparts diagnostic. Nape and
crown black, thin black moustachial stripe
across cheek and throat. White ear-coverts,
patch behind eye and undertail coverts red.
Relatively long dark tail. Juvenile: Less strongly marked than adult and
lack red ear-covert. Size: 17-23cm.
Ecology: Found in secondary forests and forest edges, scrubs and
also plantations. They can be found across the Indian subcontinent
and Himalayan foothills, China, mainland of South-East Asia and
Thai-Malay Peninsula. Uncommon resident in Peninsular Malaysia.
Primarily frugivorous but also consumes invertebrates such as insects
and spiders.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

99

~ Pycnonotidae ~

LC

Stripe-throated Bulbul
Merbah Luris Leher
Pycnonotus finlaysoni

Description: Finely yellow streak
on forehead, chin and throat
diagnostic. Dark brown lores.
Upperparts greyish olive with wing
and tail brighter yellow. Greyish
underparts with white streaking
on breast. Yellow undertail coverts.
Blackish-brown legs. Juvenile:
Head browner with less extensive markings. Size: 19-20cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in logged and secondary forests, forest
edges mostly at low elevations, and overgrown orchards. Distributed
across southwest China, mainland of South-East Asia to Thai-Malay
Peninsula. Common resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Generalist feeder.
Mainly feeds on berries, figs and also insects.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Cabaran and Taman Rimba Alam.

Yellow-vented Bulbul
Merbah Kapur
Pycnonotus goiavier

LC

Description: White facial mask and
throat contrasting with blackish-
brown supercilium, loral stripes and
crown. Upperparts, neck, cheeks and
head olive-brown with dirty white
underparts. Undertail covert and vent
yellow prominent. Brown iris. Juvenile:
Paler with less distinct head pattern.
Size: 19-20cm.
Ecology: Frequent forest edges, scrublands, mangroves, plantations,
parklands and urban greenery from lowlands up to 1600m. Widespread
from mainland of South-East Asia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and
Philippines. Common to very common resident in Peninsular Malaysia.
The most commonly seen bulbul. A generalist and opportunist feeder
that primarily takes fruits, also seeds and nectar; also large quantities
of invertebrates.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Ekuestrian,
Taman Cabaran, Taman Botani, Taman Warisan Pertanian, Taman Putra
Perdana, Taman Saujana Hijau, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

100

~ Phylloscopidae ~

LC
Arctic Warbler
Cekup Daun Artik
Phylloscopus borealis

Description: Crown olive-brown with greyish tinge. Plain olive
head with pale-buff supercilium extending to nape. Dark eye-line,
pale crescent bordering lower half of eye, and mottled ear coverts.
Upperparts olive-green with wings and tail feathers dark greenish
brown. Underparts dirty white with greyish wash on breast and flanks.
Stout bills with orange-yellow base at lower mandible. Legs pale horn.
Juvenile: Greyish-brown upperparts. Size: 11-13cm.
Ecology: Occur in primary, secondary and logged forests, forest edges,
coastal forests, mangroves, scrubs, plantations and urban greenery.
Widespread across Eurasia and west Alaska, wintering through south
China and South-East Asia. Common passage migrant and winter
visitor in Peninsular Malaysia. Predominantly feeds on insects.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Botani, Taman Cabaran and Taman
Rimba Alam.

LC
Eastern Crowned Warbler
Cekup Dahan
Phylloscopus coronatus

Description: Olive-green median
crown-stripe contrast with
dark lateral crown-stripe. Long
whitish supercilium prominent. Olive green upperparts with single
yellow wing-bar. Underparts white with yellowish undertail-coverts.
Brighter than Arctic warbler with distinct crown pattern. Juvenile: Less
strongly marked with browner plumage. Size: 11-12cm.
Ecology: Forests from low elevation to submontane elevation nearly
1800m. Breed in southeast Russia, northeast China, Korea and Japan.
Winter Thailand, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java. Common
passage migrant and winter visitor in Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds on
small insects such as spider.
Also known as: Eastern Crowned Leaf-warbler.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam and Taman Cabaran.

101

~ Phylloscopidae ~

LC

Two-barred Warbler
Cekup Daun Rimba
Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus

Description: Dark greenish-olive crown and upperparts. Long white
supercilium and darker eyestripe. Two clear wing-bars prominent in
wings due formed from whitish tips of median and upperwing coverts.
Underparts whitish with grey wash on throat, breast, and flanks.
Thinner bill and much greener than Arctic warbler. Size: 11-12cm.
Ecology: Occurs in primary and secondary forests from low elevation
up to lower montane forest. Breeds in east Siberia, Mongolia, northeast
China to Japan, winter south China and mainland South-East Asia
south to Thai-Malay Peninsula. Very rare winter visitor in Peninsular
Malaysia. Feeds on small insects (diet poorly known).
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

~ Acrocephalidae ~

Oriental Reed Warbler
Cekup Paya Besar
Acrocephalus orientalis

LC

Description: Supercilium buff-white
extend well beyond eye with black eye-
stripe. Upperparts olive-brown with
darker flight feathers. White underparts
with buff wash on breast, flanks and
undertail-coverts. Juvenile: Paler overall
with white fringes to flight feathers.
Thick bills with dark-brown on upper
mandible and pinkish below. Long grey
legs. Size: 17-19cm.
Ecology: Occupies marshes, wet
grassland, scrublands, well-vegetated
lakes and ponds. Breeds in east Russia,
Mongolia, south to east China, Japan and Korea then winter in northeast
India, mainland of South-East Asia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines
and Wallacea region. Common passage migrant and winter visitor to
Peninsular Malaysia. Primarily feeds on insects and arachnids, some of
water snails and small vertebrates occasionally.
Also known as: Great Reed Warbler.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

102

~ Timaliidae ~

LC
Pin-striped Tit-babbler
Rimba Berjalur
Mixornis gularis

Description: Olive brown upperparts with rufous crown, yellowish
sides of head and bright yellow supercilium. Blue orbital skin.
Underparts yellow with dark streaking on breast and throat. Olive-
yellow vent. Relatively small babbler. Juvenile: Like adult but much
rufous upperparts, paler underparts. Size: 11-14cm.
Ecology: Habituates logged and secondary forests, forest edges,
scrublands and tree plantations from coast to nearly 1500m. Widespread
across India, southwest China, mainland of South-East Asia, Sumatra
and Palawan. Common resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia.
Mainly feeds on insects such as beetles, caterpillars, ants, grasshoppers,
spiders and also take fruits.
Also known as: Striped Tit-babbler.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam and Taman Warisan
Pertanian.

~ Pellorneidae ~

LC
Abbott’s Babbler
Rimba Riang
Turdinus abbotti

Description: Sides of head, lores and narrow supercilium grey with
whitish throat. Upperparts uniformly olive brown with faint buff
streaks on crown. Belly and breast buff with bright rufescent flanks and
undertail coverts. Legs light pinkish-brown. Juvenile: Dark rufescent-
brown upperparts and crown. Size: 15-17cm.
Ecology: Found in secondary and logged forests, scrublands, plantations,
and mangroves mostly in lowlands. Ranges from northeast India,
mainland South-East Asia, Sumatra to Borneo. Fairly common resident
in Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds on insects and small invertebrates.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

103

~ Zosteropidae ~

LC
Swinhoe’s White-Eye
Mata Putih Timur/
Kelicap Kunyit
Zosterops simplex

Description: Lime green cheeks, crown and upperparts with white eye-
ring prominent. Black lores. Throat, upper-breast and undertail coverts
bright yellow while rest of underparts pale grey in color. Juvenile:
Overall looks duller. Size: 10-11cm.
Ecology: Inhabits secondary forests, secondary growth, mangroves,
wooded cultivation, parks and gardens. Can be found in southeast
China, mainland of South-East Asia to Sumatra and Borneo. Common
resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Omnivorous feeds on plant matter such
as small buds, seeds, fruit and also some animals especially insects.
Also known as: Oriental White-eye before the genus Zosterops
undergoes major taxonomic revisions.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Botani, Taman Rimba Alam and
Taman Cabaran, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

~ Sturnidae ~

LC
Asian Glossy Starling
Perling Mata Merah
Aplonis panayensis

Description: Unmistakably, glossy black starling with red eyes. Has
overall black plumage with green gloss and black leg. Prominent red
eyes. Lowermost underparts matt black. Juvenile: Upperparts dark
brown with white streaked underparts. Size: 17-20cm.
Ecology: Prefers parks, gardens, mangroves, scrublands and also urban
areas. Can be found across India, Bangladesh, south Myanmar, Thai-
Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas and Philippines. Very common resident
in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet mainly fruits and nectars but also consumes
insects such as cricket, beetles, caterpillars and even large snails.
Also known as: Philippine Glossy Starling.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Ekuestrian,
Taman Botani, Taman Warisan Pertanian, Taman Putra Perdana and
Taman Saujana Hijau, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

104

~ Sturnidae ~

LC
Asian Pied Starling
Perling Asia
Gracupica contra

Description: Head,
cheeks, throat to breast
and upperparts black
up to tail. Cheeks, rump
and undertail covert white. Iris brownish orange. Bare orange skin
around eyes. Orange bills with yellow tips. Black wings with white line
along scapulars. with long, red-based yellow bill. Greyish underparts
from breast to belly. Yellow legs. Juvenile: Much browner than adult.
Size: 22-24cm.
Ecology: Prefers secondary growth, scrubs, grasslands and open
cultivation especially paddyfields. Can be found across the Indian
subcontinent, southwest China and mainland of South-East Asia.
Introduced to Peninsular Malaysia and localized in northern area (eg.
Penang, Perlis). Omnivorous feeder; diet includes animal food, fruit,
nectar and flowers, and seeds.
Also known as: Pied Myna.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

LC

Common Hill Myna
Tiong Mas
Gracula religiosa

Description: Large myna
with prominent yellow
wattles. Has black-glossy
plumage with heavy orange bill and chrome-yellow legs. In flight, has
broad white patches on the primaries. Juvenile: Lack glossy look and
shorter yellow wattles. Size: 27-31cm.
Ecology: Found in forests, forest edges, mangroves, coastal vegetations,
overgrown parks and gardens up to 1200m. Ranges throughout the
Indian subcontinent, mainland of South-East Asia, Greater Sundas and
Philippines. Resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet primarily consists
of fruits (especially figs) and nectars, insect, and occasionally small
animals such as lizards.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland and Taman Botani.

105

~ Sturnidae ~

LC

Common Myna
Tiong Gembala Kerbau
Acridotheres tristis

Description: Yellow orbital
skins prominent on black
head and hood. Overall
dark brown body with
white undertail-coverts and patch near primaries. Yellow bills and legs.
Juvenile: Similar to adult but much duller and browner. Size: 23-26cm.
Ecology: Lives in scrublands, plantations, grasslands, towns and
cities. Widespread across central Asia, Indian subcontinent, Sri
Lanka, mainland of South-East Asia and was introduced extensively
worldwide. Common resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Opportunistic
omnivore where diet mainly consist of fruits, grains, insects, grubs and
small animals such as baby mice, frogs, lizards and bird eggs.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Ekuestrian,
Taman Cabaran, Taman Botani, Taman Warisan Pertanian and Taman
Putra Perdana, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

Daurian Starling
Perling Belakang Ungu
Agropsar sturninus

LC

Description: Male: Has pale grey
head and underparts, small patch
of purple on hindcrown. Black bill
and dark brown iris. Glossy purple
feathers on mantle. Dark glossy-
green wings with brown primaries
and white scapular line. Belly and
undertail coverts greyish white.
Female: Tinged buff head and
underparts with brownish mantle
and wings. Purple patch in crown
absent. Size: 16-19cm.
Ecology: Inhabits secondary growth,
forest edges, cultivations, parks and
gardens. Breeds in east Mongolia, southeast Russia, China and north
Korea and wintering through mainland of South-East Asia, Sumatra
and Java. Main diet is insects, fruits, seeds and also earthworms.
Also known as: Purple-backed Starling.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Botani, Taman
Putra Perdana and Taman Wetland.

106

~ Sturnidae ~

LC
Great Myna
Tiong Jambul
Acridotheres grandis

Description: Has overall black plumage with elongated forehead
feathers that forming frontal crest. Yellow bills. Iris reddish-brown.
Upperparts glossy black on back and wings. Prominent white patch on
primaries and undertail-coverts, with white tips of rectrices. Yellow legs.
Size: 24-28 cm.
Ecology: Prefers open country, cultivations and urban areas, mostly
in lowland areas. Can be found in south China, mainland of South-
East Asia, south to Thai-Malay Peninsula. Uncommon and locally
introduced resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds mainly on insects
including termites and other invertebrates, seeds and berries.
Also known as: White-vented Myna.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam.

VU
Javan Myna
Tiong Jawa
Acridotheres javanicus

Description: Black head
and crown. Elongated
crown feathers forming
shorter crest compared to Great Myna. Iris pale yellow. Upperparts
glossy ash-grey and slaty black underparts. White primaries and
undertail-coverts. Yellow bills and legs. Juvenile: Similar to adult but
much browner and crestless. Size: 21-25cm.
Ecology: Prefers open country, cultivations, parks and gardens and
especially urban areas. Resident in Bali and Java where its status is
Vulnerable but was introduced to Sumatra, Borneo and Taiwan and
Peninsular Malaysia, where its population is abundant. Opportunistic
omnivore where it usually feeds on fruits, nectar, insects such as flying
ant, termites and other small animal matter such as earthworms and
small crabs.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Ekuestrian,
Taman Cabaran, Taman Botani, Taman Warisan Pertanian, Taman
Putra Perdana, Taman Saujana Hijau, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

107

~ Sturnidae ~

Jungle Myna
Tiong Hutan
Acridotheres fuscus

LC

Description: Medium-sized with
orange bill and very short crest.
Forehead, nape, neck and cheeks black.
Hackled forehead feathers forming
bristle-like frontal crest. Upperparts
brownish with pale grey underparts.
Orange bills with bluish-black base of
lower mandible as significant feature
of the species. Yellow iris. Juvenile:
Browner than adult. Size: 24-26cm.
Ecology: Occupies secondary growth, forest edges, scrublands,
grasslands and cultivations (including paddyfields). Ranging from
Himalayan foothills, Peninsular India, mainland of South-East Asia,
south to Thai-Malay Peninsula. Being introduced to Taiwan and Japan.
Increasingly rare resident and displaced by Common and Javan Mynas
in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of fruits, nectar and insects such
as grasshoppers, crickets, termites, beetles and ants.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

~ Chloropseidae ~

LC

Blue-winged Leafbird
Daun Sayap Biru
Chloropsis cochinchinensis

Description: Male: Has black
mask from lores to throat. Blue
patch near base of black bills. Greenish-yellow upperparts from crown
to nape and turquoise outer wings feathers. Tail green with turquoise
tinge. Yellow breast fading into lighter green underparts. Female: All-
green plumage with smaller blue malar stripe and less blue on wings
and tail. Black throat absent. Juvenile: Similar to female but with much
greener head. Size: 16-18cm.
Ecology: Habituates primary, secondary and logged forests, forest edges
and secondary growth, from lowland up to 1500m. Distributed across
northeast India, Bangladesh, southwest China and mainland of South-
East Asiato Greater Sundas. Common resident in Peninsular Malaysia.
Generalist; feeds on arthropods, fruits, and probably also nectar.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

108

~ Dicaeidae ~

LC
Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker
Sepah Puteri Pelangi
Prionochilus percussus

Description: Male: Upperparts
slaty-blue contrasting with bright-
yellow underparts. Blue head with
scarlet crown patch and breast
patch. White malar stripe bordering blue cheeks. Red iris. Undertail
coverts whitish-yellow. Female: Dull orange crown-patch at overall
olive upperparts. Unstreaked greyish-olive underparts and indistinct
moustachial stripe. Juvenile: Duller than adult and has orange bill.
Size: 10-12cm.
Ecology: Prefers primary, secondary and logged forests, forest edges
from lowland up to 1200m. Can be found across southern Myanmar,
Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Fairly common resident in
Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds on berries, fruits (figs) and nectar.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Cabaran.

LC
Orange-bellied Flowerpecker
Sepah Puteri Bukit
Dicaeum trigonostigma

Description: Male: Crown,
nape, wings and tail slaty-blue
contrasting with grey upper breast and throat. Orange lower breast,
belly and undertail coverts. Thin black bill. Female: Plain head, orange-
yellow throat and upper breast greyish and slightly decurved black bill.
Juvenile: Similar to female but greener head and upperpart, orange bill.
Size: 8-9cm.
Ecology: Found in primary, secondary and logged forests, forest edges,
secondary growth and adjacent gardens from lowland up to 1650m. Can
be found in northeast India and Bangladesh, west mainland of South-East
Asia, to Thai-Malay Peninsula, Great Sundas and Philippines. Common
resident through Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of fruits, seeds,
nectar, pollen and also spiders.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam and Upper Bisa.

109

~ Dicaeidae ~

LC
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker
Sepah Puteri Merah
Dicaeum cruentatum

Description: Male: Upperparts and crown deep-red. Blackish throat
and sides of head. Iris brownish-red. Throat, breast, upper belly and
undertail covert white with grey flanks. Glossy blue-black wings with
dark wingtip. Female: Olive-brown overall with bright red rump and
uppertail-covert. Juvenile: Similar to female but with duller upperparts,
orange bill and paler orange uppertail-coverts. Size: 7-9cm.
Ecology: Common in secondary forests, forest edges, plantations, park
and gardens from coasts up to 1300m. Can be found across the Indian
subcontinent, south China, mainland of South-East Asia, Sumatra and
Borneo. Common resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Diets
consist of fruit including berries, figs, nectar and also insects.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Cabaran,
Taman Botani, Taman Warisan Pertanian, Taman Putra Perdana, Taman
Saujana Hijau and Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

LC
Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker
Sepah Puteri Raja
Prionochilus maculatus

Description: Dark olive-green
head with orange patch on crown.
Moustachial stripe and throat
whitish-grey. Red iris with visible
orbital skin. Black chunky bills. Upperparts olive-green up to tails.
Yellow underparts with bold olive-green streaking. Yellow undertail
coverts. Juvenile: Olive-green upperparts with paler olive-green
underparts but without streaks. Yellow bills. Size: 10-11cm.
Ecology: Lives in primary, secondary and logged forests, forest edges
from lowland up to 1600m. Ranges from south Myanmar, Thai-
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Common resident throughout
Peninsular Malaysia. Predominantly feeds on fruits, berries, nectar and
pollen. Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam.

110

~ Dicaeidae ~

Yellow-vented Flowerpecker
Sepah Puteri Rimba
Dicaeum chrysorrheum

LC

Description: Upperparts including crown,
cheek and neck olive-green. Throat and
submoustachial stripe white. Underparts
white with black bold streaking. Orange-
yellow undertail-coverts, orange-red iris
and dark grey bill. Juvenile: Similar to adult but with greyer underparts
with less bold streaking, paler undertail-covert. Size: 9-10cm.
Ecology: Habituates primary, secondary and logged forests from
lowlands up to 1200m. Ranging from Himalayan foothills and
northeastern India, southwest China, mainland of South-East Asia and
Greater Sundas. Uncommon to locally common resident throughout
Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds on fruits of mistletoes and small figs, berries,
nectar and also insects, including small beetles.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC

Brown-throated Sunbird
Kelicap Mayang Kelapa
Anthreptes malacensis

Description: Male: Chin and
throat pale pinkish-brown with
metallic purple lateral border.
Olive-green cheeks. Iridescent
dark blue-green upperparts with
rufescent olive tinge on wings.
Blackish-brown tail edged glossy blue-green. Iridescent purple patch on
shoulder, rump and uppertail coverts. Underparts bright yellow. Grey
to olive-brown legs. Female: Olive upperparts while underparts bright
yellowish. Narrow yellowish patch above and below eye. Size: 12-14cm.
Ecology: Habituates mangroves, beach scrublands, forest edges,
riverine vegetations, gardens, and plantations. Resides in mainland of
South-East Asia, Greater and Lesser Sundas, Philippines and Sulawesi.
Common resident through Peninsular Malaysia. Diets include insects,
fruits, seeds, and nectars of some species of flowers.
Also known as: Plain-throated Sunbird.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Cabaran, Taman Putra Perdana and
Taman Botani, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

111

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC

Olive-backed Sunbird
Kelicap Bukit
Cinnyris jugularis

Description: Male: Iridescent
blue throat and breast (appear
black in poor light) significant.
Dark brown iris. Dark olive
upperparts with black remiges edged green. Yellow pectoral tufts.
Bright yetllow belly and undertail coverts. Black tail tipped and edged
white. Black legs. Female: Bright yellow underparts and lacks dark
iridescent blue parts. Size: 10-12cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in forest edges, mangroves, beach
scrublands, secondary growth forests, plantations, and gardens.
Ranges from southern China and mainland South-East Asia, Greater
Sundas and Philippines to east of New Guinea, northeast Australia and
Solomons. Very common resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia.
Preys on small insects, spiders, nectar, and small fruits.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Botani, Taman Rimba Alam, Taman
Saujana Hijau, Taman Cabaran, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

Red-throated Sunbird
Kelicap Pinang
Anthreptes rhodolaemus

NT

Description: Male: Light brick red
throat and the sides of the head are
diagnostic. Red iris and black bill.
Glossed violet stripe from bill alongside
of neck to shoulder. Metallic green from
crown to mantle.Maroon band across
upper back. Rest of back, rump and
uppertail-coverts violet. Dull yellowish
underparts. Olive legs. Female: Like
female Brown-throated sunbird but dull
yellowish olive underparts with denser
yellowish tinge. Juvenile: Like female
but greyer underparts. Size: 12-14cm.
Ecology: Prefers forests and forest edges. Can be found within
extreme south Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Uncommon resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Feeds on insects,
spiders, pollens, nectar, and small fruits.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

112

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC

Van Hasselt’s Sunbird
Kelicap Nibong
Leptocoma brasiliana

Description: Male: Iridescent
coppery-green crown. Blackish
sides of face to ear-coverts and malar area. Maroon mantle and
scapulars. Black upperwings. Metallic green lower back, rump and
uppertail coverts. Iridescent purple chin and throat. Scarlet breast
and upper belly. Lower belly and undertail coverts grey. Black
glossed-blue tail. Female: Dark olive upperparts and whitish yellow
underparts. Size: 9-10cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in area not far from the coast includes
peat-swamp forests, forest edges, beach scrublands, secondary growth,
wooded gardens, plantations, and mangroves. Ranging from North-
East India and Myanmar to southern Vietnam through Malay Peninsula
to the Greater Sundas. Locally common resident at low elevations along
coastal plains, south to Singapore. Diet includes insects, fruits, seeds and
nectars. Used to be conspecific with Purple-throated Sunbird which is
confined to the Philippines.
Also known as: Used to be conspecific with the Purple-throated Sunbird
(Leptocoma sperata) which is now endemic to the Philippines.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

LC

Grey-breasted Spiderhunter
Kelicap Jantung Bukit
Arachnothera modesta

Description: Medium brown to
blackish-brown long bill with
paler lower mandible. Brown iris.
Upperparts bright olive green
with remiges blackish-brown,
edged yellowish-green. Throat and
underparts olive-grey to buffish. Chin
to upper breast has variable narrow brown streaking. Tail green with
blackish-brown tips. Pinkish brown to brown legs. Sexes alike. Juvenile:
Lack streaking. Size: 17-19cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in forests and forest edges. This species
can be found in extreme southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra and Borneo. Fairly common resident throughout Peninsular
Malaysia. Diet consists of spiders, insects like ants and crickets, and also
nectar from various flowers.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

113

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC
Little Spiderhunter
Kelicap Jantung
Arachnothera longirostra

Description: Male: Grey
sides of head with white
lores. White narrow supercilium with thin black malar stripe. Brown to
dark brown iris. Long horn-brown decurved bill with black maxilla and
pale grey mandible. Dull olive upperparts and dusky brown remiges
with olive edges. Whitish throat that merge into yellowish olive breast.
Yellow belly and undertail coverts. Dark brown tail with white tipped
outer tail. Female: Like male but smaller, whiter throat and lack pectoral
tuft. Size: 13-16cm.
Ecology: Inhabits forests, forest edges, plantations, and wooded gardens.
Distributed across India, southwest China, mainland South-East
Asia, Greater Sundas and Philippines. Common resident throughout
Peninsular Malaysia. Diets mainly on nectar, insects, and spiders.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

LC
Long-billed Spiderhunter
Kelicap Jantung Paruh Panjang
Arachnothera robusta

Description: Male: Prominent, long
black bill. Brown iris. Slight dark
scaling on crown. Olive upperparts with
yellowish-edged remiges. Dull olive-
yellow underparts.Olive streak at throat
and breast. Brighter yellow on belly with
orange-yellow pectoral tufts. Blackish-
brown tail with yellow undertail-coverts.
Outer two feather pairs tipped white.
Blackish-olive legs. Female: Like male
but smaller and lacks pectoral tufts. Size:
21-22cm.
Ecology: Found in lowland forests, peat-swamps, and forest edges.
Distributed within southern Myanmar, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra,
Borneo and Java. Uncommon resident through Peninsular Malaysia.
Diet mainly consists of nectar, insects, and spiders.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

114

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC

Spectacled Spiderhunter
Kelicap Jantung Besar
Arachnothera flavigaster

Description: Long, relatively
thick and curved black bill
with reddish at base of lower
mandible. Brown iris with
prominent broad yellow
eyering. Yellow ear patch on
olive cheeks. Overall plumage mostly olive. More greenish above with
edges of remiges brighter olive-green. More yellow on flanks and belly.
Orange-brown legs. Sexes alike. Size: 21-23cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in forests, forest edges, wooded gardens,
and plantations. Localized only around Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra
and Borneo. Fairly common resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet
includes insects, spiders, pollens, fruits and nectar.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam.

LC

Yellow-eared Spiderhunter
Kelicap Jantung Telinga Kuning
Arachnothera chrysogenys

Description: Male: Similar to
Spectacled Spiderhunter but with
smaller, longer and thinner bill.
Blackish bill with fleshy-pink base
to lower mandible. Brown iris.
Narrower and less distinct yellow
eyering and more noticeable and
longer yellow ear patch. Throat to
breast olive-yellow with indistinct greenish streaks. Grey pectoral tuft.
Legs dull fleshy-brown to pale brown. Female: Like male but lacks
pectoral tufts. Size: 17-19cm.
Ecology: Commonly found in forests, the forest edges, plantations, and
wooded gardens. Distributed across extreme southern Myanmar, Thai-
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java. Common to fairly common
resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of insects, spiders, nectar,
pollens and small fruits.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam.

115

~ Nectariniidae ~

LC

Purple-naped Spiderhunter
Kelicap Rimba
Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum

Description: Male: Bluish-purple
nape diagnostic and dark olive
green upperparts. Metallic purple-
blue lower back to uppertail-coverts with purple rump. Throat, breast and
upper belly boldly streaked dark olive. Olive-yellow undertail coverts.
Brownish-green legs. Female: Lack purple nape and rump. Size: 14-16cm.
Ecology: Inhabits forests and forest edges. Distributed within Myanmar
through South-East Asia to Sumatra and Borneo. Fairly common
resident from low elevations up to 1200m, south to Johor. Diet consists
of insects, spiders, nectar, fruits and seeds. Reported to raid spider
webs for trapped prey.
Also known as: Purple-naped Sunbird. Previous species name includes
Arachnothera hypogrammicum and Hypogramma hypogrammicum.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

~ Passeridae ~

Eurasian Tree-sparrow
Ciak Urasia
Passer montanus

LC

Description: White sides of face
with reddish-brown crown. Chin
and upper throat are black, forming
short, round or square-ended bib,
with prominent black spot on
cheeks. Black conical bill with small
yellowish patch at base. Brownish
upperparts and chestnut wing coverts with whitish tips producing
wing-bars. Underparts pale greyish that merges into white belly. Gray-
brown tail, narrowly edged buffish. Sexes alike. Juvenile: Duller with
grayish patch in center of crown blending into reddish brown at sides
of crown. Indistinct dark ear-patch. Size: 14-16cm.
Ecology: Prefers open countries, scrublands, gardens, rural settlements,
and towns. Widespread across Eurasia from west Europe and Middle
East, east to East Russia, south to South-East Asia. Introduced to Borneo,
Philippines, Australia and Northern America. Extremely common
resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of spiders,
insects like ants and crickets; and also nectar from various flowers.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Cabaran, Taman Warisan Pertanian,
Taman Botani, Taman Saujana Hijau, Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

116

~ Ploceidae ~

Baya Weaver
Ciak Tempua
Ploceus philippinus

LC

Description: Adult breeding (male): Bright
yellow forehead, crown and nape. Brown
iris and black bill. Dark greyish-black facial
mask. Brownish throat. Mantle and back
feathers dark brown with yellow fringes.
Wing coverts brown with white barrings.
Brown legs. Breast yellow diffuse into
white belly and undertail coverts. Adult
non-breeding and female: Long pale buff
brown supercilium. Pale throat. Horn colored bill with pinkish at base.
Brownish upperparts (including crown) with buff streaks. Size: 14-16cm.
Ecology: Inhabits rice fields, reed beds, scrublands, wet grasslands,
plantations, and cultivated lands. Ranges from the Indian subcontinent
and far south China, east to mainland of South-East Asia, Sumatra, Java
and Bali. Common to fairly common resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet
mainly seeds of crops such as rice and maize; also eats smaller insects.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

~ Estrildidae ~

Chestnut Munia
Pipit Rawa
Lonchura atricapilla

LC

Description: Glossy black head to
nape and upper breast. Light grey to
pale blue bill. Dark brown iris with
dark grey eyering. Rich chestnut
upperparts. Reddish chestnut rump
and uppertail-coverts. Tips of longest
uppertail-coverts and fringes are
golden-orange to pale golden-yellow.
Central belly to thighs and undertail-
coverts black or blackish brown. Dark grey legs. Female: Like male but
hood less glossy, upperparts paler chestnut, dark belly patch smaller.
Size: 11-12cm.
Ecology: Lives in wet grasslands, rice fields, swampy vegetations,
and reed beds. Distributed across the Indian subcontinent, southeast
China, mainland of South-East Asia, Greater Sundas, Philippines,
and Sulawesi; and introduced to Japan, Australia, Palau, Hawaii and
Jamaica. Uncommon resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Seeds
as main diet.
Also known as: Black-headed Munia.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

117

~ Estrildidae ~

LC
Scaly-breasted Munia
Pipit Pinang
Lonchura punctulata

Description: Brown head and
foreneck. Dark brown chin and
throat. Brownish-red iris. Dark
grey eyering. Blackish bill; lower
mandible often paler bluish-grey
at base and grey legs. Pale brown
upperpart with pale barrings. Barred buffish to yellow rump. Scaly
white underparts on breast and flanks. Sexes alike. Juvenile: Brown
upperparts, paler underparts and lacks scales. Size: 10-12cm.
Ecology: Prefers open countries, wet and dry grasslands, rice fields,
plantations, scrublands, and gardens. Ranges across Indian subcontinent,
southwest China, mainland of South-East Asia and Greater Sundas,
Philippines, and Sulawesi, and introduced to Australia, Hawaii and
Kalimantan. Very common resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia.
Feeds on seeding grasses, weeds, berries, and filamentous algae.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Cabaran.

LC

White-headed Munia
Pipit Uban
Lonchura maja

Description: Prominent white
head and upper breast. Bluish
grey bill. Iris dark brown with
black orbital ring. Brownish
grey nape. Brown upperparts
including upperwings and tail.
Lower breast greyish-brown,
flanks and belly paler brown.
Grey legs. Female: Like male
but with darker crown and nape. Paler underparts. Size: 10-12cm.
Ecology: Prefers open grasslands, rice fields, gardens, and scrublands.
Patchy distribution in southern Myanmar discontinuously, Thai-Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra and Java. Common resident throughout Peninsular
Malaysia. Main diet consists of seeds.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland and Taman Rimba Alam.

118

~ Estrildidae ~

LC

White-rumped Munia
Pipit Tuli
Lonchura striata

Description: Forehead, face
and throat to upper breast
blackish brown. Dark brown
iris. Bill dark grey above, pale
blue-grey below. Blackish
brown upperparts with faint buff scales and streaks on mantle. White
rump significant. Whitish lower breast and lower belly. Pale brownish
undertail coverts. Long pointed and diagnostic notched tail. Sexes alike.
Size: 11-12cm.
Ecology: Found in forest edges, scrublands, plantations, rice fields,
and clearings beside roads and riverbanks. Distributed across Indian
subcontinent, southeast China, mainland of South-East Asia and
Sumatra. Common resident in Peninsular Malaysia. Diet mainly grass
seeds such as rice, bamboo and sedges.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

~ Motacillidae ~

Eastern Yellow Wagtail
Pipit Kuning
Motacilla tschutschensis

LC

Description: Adult Breeding (male):
Pale blue-grey head and distinct white
supercilium. Black lores with blackish
ear-coverts bordered below by long and
rather narrow white submoustachial
stripe. White chin. Dark olive grey
upperparts. Bright yellow underparts. Adult non-breeding and female:
Paler head and upperparts, and much paler yellowish below. Size: 18-20cm.
Ecology: Usually found in open grasslands, airfields, abandoned tin
mines, sludge beds, freshwater swamps, and mudflats. Breeds in central
Siberia, Mongolia, northeast China, Japan and Alaska; winters through
south China and South-East Asia, and northern Australia. Common
winter visitor and passage migrant to Peninsular Malaysia. Diet mostly
on terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. Occasionally seeds and other
plant material.
Also known as: Formerly conspecific with Western Yellow Wagtail
(M.flava) and was referred as Yellow Wagtail.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland and Upper Bisa.

119

~ Motacillidae ~

LC

Forest Wagtail
Pipit Rimba
Dendronanthus indicus

Description: Long and thin whitish supercilium. Brownish-grey crown
and upperparts with green tinge. Black remiges edged whitish. Median
and greater coverts blackish with yellowish-white tips; forming two
wingbars. Uppertail-coverts blackish or blackish-brown. Creamy-
white underparts. Two black crescent-shaped bands on upper breast
significant. Legs pale dull pinkish. Sexes alike. Size: 16-18 cm.
Ecology: Prefers forests, forest edges, mangroves, plantations, and
scrublands. Breeds in southeast Russia, southern China, Korea and
Japan. Winters through Peninsular India, South-East Asia, parts of
Borneo and Java. Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant to
Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of small invertebrates, such as small
grasshoppers, butterflies, molluscs and worms.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

LC

Gray Wagtail
Pipit Batu
Motacilla cinerea

Description: Adult Breeding: Gray head and mantle. White narrow
supercilium and eyering, black lores and white moustachial stripe.
Gray upperparts with olive-yellow rump and uppertail coverts. Black
remiges with inner ones edged white. Greyish-brown wings and long
dark brown tail with outer three rectrices white. Black chin and throat.
Rest of underparts bright yellow with whitish flanks. Pinkish legs.
Adult non-breeding and female: White chin and throat instead of black.
Buffy supercilium. Size: 17-20 cm.
Ecology: Commonly found on grassy verges of hilly roads, margins
of forested rivers and streams, freshwater swamps, and abandoned
tin mines. Breeds at west Europe and Middle East, east to Indian
subcontinent, north China, Korea and Japan then winter through
Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East, east to mainland of South-East
Asia, Sundas, Philippines, Wallacae, New Guinea and Australia.
Common winter visitor and passage migrant to Peninsular Malaysia.
Predominantly feeds on insects and freshwater shrimps, terrestrial
snails, and spiders.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Wetland.

120

~ Motacillidae ~

Paddyfield Pipit
Pipit Padi
Anthus rufulus

LC

Description: Pale buff supercilium. Thin
black malar stripes, dark lores and dark
ear coverts. Dark brown iris. Dark grey
maxilla and pale pink lower mandible.
Less curvy bill than Richard’s Pipit.
Tawny brown upperparts lightly streaked
excluding rump and uppertail coverts.
White upper throat. Lower throat, breast
and flanks deep buff with white belly. Heavier streaking across breast as
compared to Richard’s Pipit. Blackish-brown tail, shorter than Richard’s
Pipit. Pale pink or yellowish-pink legs with long hind claw. Sexes alike.
Size: 15-16 cm.
Ecology: Lives in open countries, harvested rice fields, airfields, and
gardens. Resident across Indian subcontinent, southwest China,
mainland of South-East Asia, Sundas, Sulawesi and Philippines.
Common resident throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Diet consists of
mainly insects, occasionally weed seeds and vegetable matter.
Also known as: Oriental Pipit.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Putra Perdana,
Taman Saujana Hijau, Taman Botani and Upper Bisa.

Richard’s Pipit
Pipit Tanah
Anthus richardi

LC

Description: Pale cream-buff eyering and
lores. Dark grey maxilla and pale pink lower
mandible with decurved culmen. Prominent
dark malar stripe. Pale buff-brown patch on
rear cheeks and lores. Dark brown iris. Buff-
brown upperparts with blackish streaking
with lower back and rump less streaked.
Crown distinctly streaked. Primaries and
secondary coverts dark brown with narrow
white edges. White upper throat. Lower throat, breast and flanks deep
buff with white belly. Bands of fine blackish streaks across breast and
upper flanks. Blackish-brown tail. Pale pink legs and toes. Longer tail
and legs compared to other Pipits. Sexes alike. Size: 18-21cm.
Ecology: Inhabits open countries, grasslands, and cultivated lands.
Breeds in Siberia, Mongolia, north and east China then winters in Africa,
Middle East, Indian subcontinent, south China, South-East Asia and
north Borneo. Rare winter visitor and passage migrant to Peninsular
Malaysia. Feeds on insects such as grasshoppers and beetles.
Distribution in Putrajaya: Taman Rimba Alam, Taman Botani, Taman
Wetland and Upper Bisa.

121

~ Index ~

Accipiter gularis 37 Yellow 24

A. soloensis 35 Brachypodius atriceps 97

A. trivirgatus 35 Broadbill, Black-and-red 77

Acridotheres fuscus 108 Bubo sumatranus 60

A. grandis 107 Bubulcus ibis 25

A. javanicus 107 Bulbul, Black-headed 97

A. tristis 106 Cinereous 97

Acrocephalus orientalis 102 Cream-vented 98

Actitis hypoleucos 45 Olive-winged 98

Aegithina tiphia 78 Red-eyed 99

A. viridissima 79 Red-whiskered 99

Aerodramus brevirostris 66 Stripe-throated 100

A. fuciphagus 64 Yellow-vented 100

A. germani 65 Butorides striata 29

Agropsar sturninus 106 Buttonquail, Barred 43

Alcedo atthis 70 Cacomantis merulinus 58

A. meninting 69 C. sonneratii 52

Amaurornis cinerea 42 C. variolosus 53

A. phoenicurus 42 Caprimulgus affinis 63

Anas crecca 20 C. macrurus 63

Anastomus oscitans 21 Centropus bengalensis 56

Anhinga melanogaster 31 C. sinensis 54

Anthracoceros albirostris 72 Chalcophaps indica 47

Anthreptes malacensis 111 Chlidonias leucopterus 46

A. rhodolaemus 112 Chloropsis cochinchinensis 108

Anthus richardi 121 Chrysococcyx minutillus 57

A. rufulus 121 Chrysophlegma miniaceum 74

Aplonis panayensis 104 Cinnyris jugularis 112

Apus nipalensis 66 Cisticola juncidis 96

A. pacificus 67 Cisticola, Zitting 96

Arachnothera chrysogenys 115 Clamator coromandus 54

A. flavigaster 115 Collocalia esculenta 65

A. longirostra 114 Columba livia 49

A. modesta 113 Copsychus malabaricus 90

A. robusta 114 C. saularis 89

Ardea alba 26 Cormorant, Little 31

A. cinerea 28 Corvus macrorhynchos 92

A. intermedia 26 C. splendens 92

A. purpurea 28 Coucal, Greater 54

Ardeola bacchus 29 Lesser 56

A. speciosa 30 Crake, Red-legged 40

Aviceda leuphotes 33 Ruddy-breasted 40

Babbler, Abbott’s 103 White-browed 42

Barbet, Coppersmith 73 Crow, House 92

Lineated 73 Large-billed 92

Yellow-crowned 74 Cuckoo, Banded Bay 52

Baza, Black 33 Brush 53

Bee-eater, Blue-tailed 71 Chestnut-winged 54

Blue-throated 72 Indian 56

Bittern, Black 23 Little Bronze 57

Cinnamon 23 Plaintive 58

Von Schrenck’s 24 Cuculus micropterus 56

122

~ Index ~

Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos 77 Black-winged 80

Cypsiurus balasiensis 64 Fruit-dove, Jambu 47

Darter, Oriental 31 Gallicrex cinerea 41

Dendrocygna javanica 21 Gallinago gallinago 45

Dendronanthus indicus 120 G. stenura 46

Dicaeum chrysorrheum 111 Gallinula chloropus 39

D. cruentatum 110 Gallus gallus 20

D. trigonostigma 109 Geopelia striata 50

Dicrurus leucophaeus 84 Gerygone sulphurea 78

D. macrocercus 85 Gerygone, Golden-bellied 78

D. paradiseus 85 Goshawk, Crested 35

Dinopium javanense 75 Gracula religiosa 105

Dollarbird 68 Gracupica contra 105

Dove, Asian Emerald 47 Halcyon pileata 68

Spotted 49 H. smyrnensis 71

Zebra 50 Haliaeetus leucogaster 38

Drongo, Ashy 84 Haliastur indus 34

Black 85 Hawk-cuckoo, Hodgson’s 55

Greater Racket-tailed 85 Malaysian 57

Drongo-cuckoo, Square-tailed 59 Hawk-Eagle, Changeable 34

Eagle, Rufous-bellied 38 Hemiprocne longipennis 67

Eagle-owl, Barred 60 Hemipus hirundinaceus 80

Egret, Cattle 25 H. picatus 79

Chinese 25 Hemixos cinereus 97

Great 26 Heron, Black-crowned Night 27

Intermediate 26 Grey 28

Little 27 Purple 28

Egretta eulophotes 25 Striated 29

E. garzetta 27 Hierococcyx fugax 57

Elanus caeruleus 33 H. nisicolor 55

Eudynamys scalopeceus/scolopacea 52 Hirundo rustica 93

Eurystomus orientalis 68 H. tahitica 93

Falconet, Black-thighed 32 Honey-Buzzard, Oriental 37

Fantail, Malaysian Pied 86 Hornbill, Oriental Pied 72

Ficedula elisae 88 Iora, Common 78

F. mugimaki 88 Green 79

F. zanthopygia 91 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 23

Fish-owl, Buffy 61 I. eurhythmusc 24

Flameback, Common 75 I. flavicollis 23

Flowerpecker, Crimson-breasted 109 I. sinensis 24

Orange-bellied 109 Junglefowl, Red 20

Scarlet-backed 110 Ketupa ketupu 61

Yellow-breasted 110 Kingfisher, Black-capped 68

Yellow-vented 111 Blue-eared 69

Flycatcher, Asian Brown 86 Collared 69

Blyth’s Paradise 91 Common 70

Brown-streaked 87 Stork-billed 70

Dark-sided 87 White-throated 71

Green-backed 88 Kite, Black-winged 33

Mugimaki 88 Brahminy 34

Yellow-rumped 91 Koel, Asian 52

Flycatcher-shrike, Bar-winged 79 Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum 116

123

~ Index ~

Lalage nigra 82 O. sutorius 94

Lanius cristatus 82 Osprey 32

L. schach 83 Otus lempiji 62

L. tigrinus 83 O. rufescens 61

Lapwing, Red-wattled 44 Owl, Barn 59

Larvivora cyane 89 Painted-snipe, Greater 44

Leafbird, Blue-winged 108 Palm-swift, Asian 64

Leptocoma brasiliana 113 Pandion haliaetus 32

Lewinia striata 41 Parakeet, Long-tailed 51

Lonchura atricapilla 117 Parrot, Blue-crowned Hanging 51

L. maja 118 Passer montanus 116

L. punctulata 118 Pelargopsis capensis 70

L. striata 119 Pelecanus rufescens 30

Lophotriorchis kienerii 38 Pelican, Pink-backed 30

Loriculus galgulus 51 Pericrocotus divaricatus 81

Malkoha, Chestnut-breasted 53 Pernis ptilorhynchus 37

Green-billed 55 Phaenicophaeus curvirostris 53

Raffles’s 58 P. tristis 55

Meiglyptes grammithorax 75 Philentoma pyrhoptera 81

Merops philippinus 71 Philentoma, Rufous-winged 81

M. viridis 72 Phylloscopus borealis 101

Microcarbo niger 31 P. coronatus 101

Microhierax fringillarius 32 P. plumbeitarsus 102

Micropternus brachyurus 76 Picus vittatus 76

Minivet, Ashy 81 Pigeon, Little Green 48

Mixornis gularis 103 Pink-necked Green 48

Moorhen, Common 39 Rock 49

Motacilla cinerea 120 Thick-billed Green 50

M. tschutschensis 119 Pipit, Paddyfield 121

Munia, Chestnut 117 Richard’s 121

Scaly-breasted 118 Ploceus philippinus 117

White-headed 118 Plover, Pacific Golden 43

White-rumped 119 Pluvialis fulva 43

Muscicapa dauurica 86 Pond-heron, Chinese 29

M. sibirica 87 Javan 30

M. williamsoni 87 Porphyrio poliocephalus 39

Mycteria cinerea 22 Prinia flaviventris 96

M. leucocephala 22 P. rufescens 95

Myna, Common 106 Prinia, Rufescent 95

Common Hill 105 Yellow-bellied 96

Great 107 Prionochilus maculatus 110

Javan 107 P. percussus 109

Jungle 108 Psilopogon haemacephalus 73

Nightjar, Large-tailed 63 P. henricii 74

Savanna 63 P. lineatus 73

Nisaetus cirrhatus 34 Psittacula longicauda 51

Nycticorax nycticorax 27 Ptilinopus jambu 47

Openbill, Asian 21 Pycnonotus brunneus 99

Oriole, Black-naped 84 P. finlaysoni 100

Oriolus chinensis 84 P. goiavier 100

Orthotomus atrogularis 95 P. jocosus 99

O. ruficeps 94 P. plumosus 98

124

~ Index ~

P. simplex 98 Tailorbird, Ashy 94

Rail, Slaty-breasted 41 Common 94

Rallina fasciata 40 Dark-necked 95

Rhinortha chlorophaea 58 Teal, Eurasian 20

Rhipidura javanica 86 Tephrodornis virgatus 80

Robin, Oriental Magpie 89 Tern, White-winged 46

Siberian Blue 89 Terpsiphone affinis 91

Rostratula benghalensis 44 Tit-babbler, Pin-striped 103

Sandpiper, Common 45 Todiramphus chloris 69

Saxicola maurus 90 Tree-sparrow, Eurasian 116

Scops-owl, Reddish 61 Treeswift, Gray-rumped 67

Sunda 62 Treron curvirostra 50

Sea-eagle, White-bellied 38 T. olax 48

Serpent-eagle, Crested 36 T. vernans 48

Shama, White-rumped 90 Triller, Pied 82

Shrike, Brown 82 Turdinus abbotti 103

Long-tailed 83 Turnix suscitator 43

Tiger 83 Tyto alba 59

Snipe, Common 45 Vanellus indicus 44

Pintail 46 Wagtail, Eastern Yellow 119

Sparrowhawk, Chinese 35 Forest 120

Japanese 37 Grey 120

Spiderhunter, Grey-breasted 113 Warbler, Arctic 101

Little 114 Eastern Crowned 101

Long-billed 114 Oriental Reed 102

Purple-naped 116 Two-barred 102

Spectacled 115 Watercock 41

Yellow-eared 115 Waterhen, White-breasted 42

Spilopelia chinensis 49 Weaver, Baya 117

Spilornis cheela 36 Whistling-duck, Lesser 21

Starling, Asian Glossy 104 White-Eye, Swinhoe’s 104

Asian Pied 105 Wood-owl, Brown 60

Daurian 106 Spotted 62

Stonechat, Siberian 90 Woodpecker, Banded 74

Stork, Milky 22 Buff-rumped 75

Painted 22 Laced 76

Strix leptogrammica 60 Rufous 76

Strix seloputo 62 Sunda 77

Sunbird, Brown-throated 111 Woodshrike, Large 80

Olive-backed 112 Yungipicus moluccensis 77

Red-throated 112 Zapornia fusca 40

Van Hasselt’s 113 Zosterops simplex 104

Surniculus lugubris 59

Swallow, Barn 93

Pacific 93

Swamphen, Gray-headed 39

Swift, House 66

Pacific 67

Swiftlet, Edible-nest 64

Germain’s 65

Glossy 65

Himalayan 66

125

~ Acknowledgement ~

Special thanks to:

PERBADANAN PUTRAJAYA
YBhg Dato’ Fadlun Bin Mak Ujud

YBhg Datuk Azizi Bin Ahmad Termizi
YM Tengku Aina Binti YTM Tengku Ismail Shah

Puan Norzita Binti Abdul Razak
Puan Wan Aslina Binti Wan Awang
Puan Khairun Nadya Binti Nikman

Cik Normaliza Binti Noordin
Cik Nurliyana Binti Abdul Rahaman

Puan Nor Ain Binti Jaazis
Puan Nur Dalilah Binti Zainudin

Puan Zuraida Binti Zainol
Encik Zulhisyam Bin Zakaria
Puan Jasima Halis Binti Mohamed Umar

NATURE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY (NEST)
EDITORIAL TEAM

Tuan Haji Muhamad Isa Bin Haji Saad
Dr Siti Zuhaida Binti Hussein
Encik Alvin Lim
Encik Ismail Bin Haji Mamat
Encik Jamil Bin Mat Isa
Encik Kamal Bin Muda

Encik Mohamad Fazlan Bin Ahmad
Encik Mohamad Izereen Bin Amat Mukri
Encik Muhammad Adib Bin Khairul Bahar

Encik Sulaiman Bin Salikan
Puan Audrey Binti Abdullah

ALAM SEKITAR MALAYSIA SDN BHD (ASMA)
Dr Azhar Bin Kasim

Puan Siti Zubaidah Binti Mat Saad
Encik Mohd Fariq Bin Rosli

AGENCIES
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP/PERHILITAN),

MyBIS (KeTSA) QR Code provider

126

~ Acknowledgement ~

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHERS
Cik Wendy Tan Pei Boon
Dr Zulkifli Bin Ishak
Encik Azman Bin Salleh
Encik Dave Bakewell

Encik Hafiz Ikhlas Bin Azemi
Encik Jamil Bin Mat Isa
Encik Kamal Bin Muda
Encik Koay Zhong Ying

Encik Mohamad Izereen Bin Amat Mukri
Encik Mohd Sidek Bin Noorwi

Encik Muhamad Mizan Bin Ngateni
Encik Nur Ismail Bin Mohammed
Encik Roger Boey
Encik Shaiful Azhar Bin Abu Bakar
Encik Suhaimi Bin Sabli
Encik Sulaiman Bin Salikan
Encik Uzair Bin Abdul Rahim
Encik Zack Zahidi Bin Hamid

127

~ Notes ~

128