HANDTOOL

HANDTOOL

Prepared by
ROSLAN BIN SULAIMAN

Instructor
Rating Program & Modular Course

- Definition of hand tools
- Four Hand Tool Safety Principles
- Types of Injuries
- Hammers
- Pliers
- Screwdrivers
- Drilling tools
- Wrenches.

July 2021 Engine Rating

Definition of hand tools 3

Hand tools can be
described as any device
placed in the hand and
powered by hand to
complete tasks and help
make a task easier, more
efficient and/or safer.

July 2021

Four Hand Tool Safety Principles

• Selection
• Use
• Care
• Storage

July 2021 4

Hand Tool Safety

• Hand tools are often underrated as sources of
potential danger.

• Hand tools may look harmless, but they are the
cause of many injuries.

• Injuries can include sever disabilities.
• Proper evaluation of a hand tools may include

characteristics such as the task, tool, workstation,
and end-user.

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Types of Injuries

Cuts, abrasions, amputations, and punctures Hand tools are designed to cut or move metal
Repetitive motion injuries and wood, remember what a single slip can do
to fragile human flesh.
Continuous vibration
Eye injuries Using the same tool in the same way all day
long, day after day, can stress human muscles
and ligaments.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (inflammation of the
nerve sheath in the wrist) and injuries to
muscles, joints and ligaments are increasingly
common if the wrong tool is used, or the right
tool is used improperly.

Causes numbness or poor circulation in hands
and arms.

Flying chips of wood or metal are a common
hazard, often causing needless and permanent
blindness.

Broken bones and bruises Tools can slip, fall from heights, or even be

July 2021 thrown by careless employees, causing severe

injuries. A hammer that falls froHmanadlatdodoelsr iSs:a6
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Engine

Injury Examples

1. Loss of eye/vision Using striking tools without eye
protection.
2. Puncture wounds
Using a screwdriver with a loose handle
3. severed fingers, tendons and which causes the hand to slip.
arteries
Dull knife
4. Broken bones
Using the wrong hammer for the job
5. Contusions and smashing a finger.

July 2021 Using a small wrench for a big job and
bruising a knuckle.

Hand tools S: 7

Hand Tool Safety Principles

1. Safety is a state of mind. Always think when using a tool.
2. Every tool was designed to do a certain job. Use it for its intended purpose.
3. Keep your tools in good condition: sharp, clean, oiled, dressed and not abused.
4. Worn tools are more dangerous.
5. Tools subject to impact tend to "mushroom”, keep them dressed.
6. Use tool holders.
7. Do not force tools beyond their capacity or use "cheaters" to increase their

capacity.
8. Secure your work in a vise whenever possible.
9. Chisels, screwdrivers or other pointed tools should never be carried in clothing

pockets.
10. Cutting tools should be kept sharp to ensure good smooth cutting. Always use

proper handles.
11. Drill Bits should be kept sharp, not dull, chipped, rounded, or tapered.

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Hand Tool Safety Principles

12. Screwdriver points should not be badly worn and handles should be in good
condition.

13. Wrenches, if adjustable, must work freely and adjust properly.
14. Always wear the PPE required for the job.
15. Cut in a direction away from your body.
16. Keep close track of tools when working at heights. A falling tool can kill a co-

worker.
17. Pass a tool to another person by the handle; never toss it to them.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 9

1. Selection of Hand Tools

• The correct tool must be selection for the job.

❖Improves longevity of tool.

❖Reduced chance of injury to operator.

❖Improved quality of results.

• The correct tool is one that was designed for the
work.

– You should not use a screwdriver as a chisel

– Using tools with loose handles

– The correct tool is also one that fits the hands and abilities
of the user.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 10

2. Use of Hand Tools

• Because the working part of many hand tools are close to
the hands and other body parts, correct uses is important.

– Always cut away from body

– Use two hands if tool is designed for it.

– Keep hands clean and especially free of oil or other slick
substances

– Insure handles are tight

– Keep focus on the activity.

• Each hand tool was designed for a specific purpose. Not

using it for that purpose creates misuse/abuse, which

increases the risk linked with its use.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 11

3. Care

Many hand tools are precision devices and should be cared
for according.

– Steel must be protected from rusting.
– Wooden parts must be protected from water.
– Dulled edges must be sharpened.
– Rivets, screws, etc. must be kept tight.
– Handles should be tightened when loose.
– Wooden handles should be replaced when cracked.
– Don’t place tools on concrete floor.

July 2021 12

4. Storage

The goal of storage should be to maintain the condition of
the tool.

– Hand tools that are organized and stored correctly are easier to
find, harder to damage, and easier for students to put back
when they are done.

– Cutting edges must be protected from contact with hard
surfaces.

– Tools must stored so that hand does not contact sharp points
and edges when removing the tool from storage.

– Organize tools by subject matter area.

– Lock tool storage when not being used.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 13

Hand Tools

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1.0 Hammer

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1.1 Nail hammers

Curved claw hammer-curve made to remove
bent nails
Straight claw hammer-used to rip boards

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1.2 Ball Pein Hammer

Hammering metal.

Ball peen (ball pein) hammers are used with small Hand tools S 17
shank, cold chisels for cutting and chipping work,
rounding over rivet ends, forming unhardened
metal work and similar jobs not involving nails

July 2021

1.3 Hand Drilling hammers

Hand Drilling hammers have short
handles and are recommended for
pounding hardened nails into concrete or
for using with tools that drive nails and
pins into concrete or brick.

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1.4 Sledgehammer

Heavy hammering.
Sledgehammers are used for
extremely heavy jobs where great
force is required.

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1.5 Mallets

Mallet is used in furniture assembly,
shaping soft sheet metals or any task that
requires non-marring blows.

Rubber Mallet
Hammering to avoid damage
surface.

Wood Mallet

Driving non-metallic
objects.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 20

1.6 Mason Hammer

Chipping and shaping
brickwork material.

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2.0 Pliers

Pliers are designed to hold, turn and cut
objects. Pliers vary in length from 4" to 20".

Some pliers are available with factory applied, plastic-coated handles,
providing an attractive appearance and comfortable
grip.

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Plier types

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2.1 Slip Joint Pliers

Slip-joint pliers are of two designs: multiple
hole and tongue and groove. The slip or
adjustable joint enables the tool to adjust
to the size of the object being held.

July 2021 Hand tools S 24

2.2 Solid joint Pliers

Solid-joint pliers have a joint fixed with a
solid pin or rivet and are not adjustable..

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2.3 Cutting Pliers

Side cutters have a cutting blade
on one side only and are available in long-,
curved- and short-nose types.

End cutters
have cutting blades on the end and are
used to make sharp, clean cuts close to
the surface on wires, bolts and rivets.

Diagonal cutters have two cutting blades Hand tools S: 26
set diagonally to the joint and/or handles.

July 2021

2.4 Regular slip joint pliers

General utility
pliers with two jaw-opening adjustments.
Some have a shear-type wire cutter.

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2.5 Thin jaw slip joint pliers

Like slip-joint,
but made with a slim nose to reach into
tight places

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2.5 Multiple slip joint pliers

July 2021 General utility tool with up to eight
adjustments, allowing for jaw openings up
to 4-1/2", either multiple hole or tongue
and groove. Straight and curved jaws are
available. Most common is 10" water
pump pliers.

Hand tools S: 29

2.7 Crimper stripper pliers

Multi-purpose
electrician's pliers to crimp solderless
connectors,

strip most common gauge wire, cut
and hold or bend wire.

They also have
sheaving holes that cut common sizes of
screws without deforming threads-

July 2021 Hand tools S 30

2.8 Needle Nose Pliers

Also called longnose
pliers, they have a pointed nose for
reaching places with restricted clearance.
May have side cutters.

A standard item for
most electrical and electronics work.

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2.9 Thin Nose Pliers

Also called bent-nose
pliers, since the nose is bent at about an
80-degree angle for reaching around
objects.

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2.10 Duck bill Pliers

have long, tapered, flat
noses for work in restricted areas. Used by
jewelers, telephone workers and weavers.

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2.11 Wire Striper

Feature adjustable stops
to cut insulation without damaging wire.

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2.12 Midget Pliers

Include straight, chain,
round, end-cutting, diagonal-cutting and
flat-nose pliers in extra-small sizes.

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2.13 End cutting nippers

Feature powerful
leverage for sharp, clean cuts close to the
surface on wires, bolts and rivets

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July 2021 End Cutters

End Cutters are used to cut
rivets to the correct length

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2.14 Lineman's /electrician's pliers

July 2021 Heavy-duty, side-cutting pliers designed for all
regular wire-cutting needs. Have gripping jaws
in addition to cutting edges. High-leverage
lineman's pliers have rivet placed closer to
the cutting edges to provide more leverage.

Hand tools S 38

2.15 Fence Pliers

Pull and cut staples in
fencing. Feature two wire cutters and
heavy
head for hammering.

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2.16 Locking Pliers / Mole grips

Adjustable, vise-type Hand tools S 40
locking pliers can be locked on to a work piece,
leaving both hands free. They are
versatile tools that can be used as pliers, a
pipe wrench, an adjustable wrench, wire
cutters, a ratchet or a clamp.

July 2021

Mole Grips

Adjustment Mole Grips, sometimes called self
screw grip pliers can be used to grip any
shape, even round bar. The locking
mechanism on the handle gives a
much stronger grip than ordinary
pliers

Locking Release Lever
Lever

Mole Grips 41
in use

July 2021

Groove Joint Pliers

Gripping when greater
pressure is needed.

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Water Pump Pliers

Water pump pliers are designed with a pivoting hinge that allows the pliers to
open very rapidly to accommodate a wide range of diameters. These pliers
will grip both round bar and hexagonal nuts

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Engineers Pilers Pliers
Long Nose Pliers
Engineers pliers are Multi purpose
pliers used for gripping small
objects and cutting fine wire

Long Nose pliers are Multi purpose
pliers used for working in tight
areas and cutting fine wire

Diagonal Cutters Diagonal Cutters are used to cut
wire.
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3.0 Screwdrivers

Screwdrivers are generally classified as
slotted, Phillips head or Robertson (square
recess) head, with all three types available
with round or square shanks.

July 2021 Quality screwdrivers are judged by the
kind of metal in the blade, the finish and
amount of grinding on the tip. Material
used
in the handle, and bar attachment to the
handle are other quality indicators.

Hand tools S: 45

3.1 Screwdriver Tips

Screwdrivers are generally classified as slotted,
Phillips head or Robertson (square
recess) head, with all three types available
with round or square shanks.

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Using the right tool

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Width of screwdriver

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3.19 Multi bit Screwdriver

Multi-bit screwdrivers allow the user to
have a number of different types of tips in
one tool. Some products keep the interchangeable
bits in a self-contained unit.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 49

3.20 Offset screwdrivers

Designed for removing and inserting screws in places
where it is impossible to use a straight shank
screwdriver.

They are available in many combinations of slotted and Phillips head
tips and with ratchet type mechanisms.

July 2021 Hand tools S: 50