18159 St Colm's KS4 Planner 2018

Literacy Key Words

Art & Design English

49

Literacy Key Words

Geography History

50

Literacy Key Words ICT
Home Economics

51

LLW Literacy Key Words
Maths

52

Literacy Key Words

Music Religion

53

Literacy Key Words

Science Technology

54

NUMERACY ARCOSS THE CURRICULUM

Date Topic Subject Used

55

NUMERACY ARCOSS THE CURRICULUM

Date Topic Subject Used

56

Our Morning Prayer

Father, as we begin another day at school we ask you to
protect and guide us.

We offer you our work and pray that today we will be
happy.

Help us to co-operate with
each other and with our teachers,

so that we may grow
together as one, inspired by the Holy Spirit, and

united in our Lord Jesus Christ.
St. Colm, pray for us.
Amen

Our End of the Day Prayer

Lord, thank you for giving us this day in which we
tried to do our best for you.

May we be filled with your Holy Spirit and guide
us on our journey home.

St. Colm, pray for us.
Amen

57

58

PERSONAL ATTENDANCE
&

MONTHLY PLANNER

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Monthly Planner August / September

August September

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Monthly Planner October / November

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Monthly Planner December / January

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Monthly Planner February / March

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Monthly Planner April / May
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Monthly Planner June /  July
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Attendance Personal Record

Mark as P Pa.m. p.m. Mark as A Aa.m. p.m. Mark as L La.m. p.m.
Present: Absent: Late:

Week Full Week Full
Begining M T W T F Att. Begining M T W T F Att.

AUG 28 FEB 5

SEP 4 FEB 12
SEP 11
SEP 18 FEB 19
SEP 25
FEB 26

OCT 2 MAR 5
OCT 9 MAR 12
OCT 16 MAR 19
OCT 23 MAR 26
OCT 30
APR 5
NOV 6 APR 9
NOV 13 APR 16
NOV 20 APR 23
NOV 27 APR 30

DEC 4 MAY 7
DEC 11 MAY 14
DEC 18 MAY 21
DEC 25 MAY 28

JAN 1 JUN 4
JAN 8 JUN 11
JAN 15 JUN 18
JAN 22 JUN 25
JAN 29

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155

Languages Useful Phrases

French

Hello ........................................................................................Bonjour 1 ..........................................un 18 ................................dix-huit
Welcome .............................................................................Bienvenue 2 ......................................deux 19 ...............................dix-neuf
How are you? ...........................................................................Ça va? 3 .......................................trois 20 ....................................vingt
I'm fine thanks, and you? .........................Ça va bien, merci. Et toi? 4 ....................................quatre 30 ...................................trente
What's your name? .....................................Comment tu t'appelles? 5 .......................................cinq 40..............................quarante
My name is ... ..............................................................Je m'appelle ... 6 ..........................................six 50 ............................cinquante
Where do you live? ......................................................Où habite-tu? 7 .......................................sept 60 ..............................soixante
I live in ... ..........................................................................J’habite à ... 8 ........................................huit 70 ........................soixante-dix
Please say that again ............Pouvez-vous répéter, s'il vous plaît? 9 .......................................neuf 80 ......................quatre-vingts
Excuse me ......................................................................Excusez-moi 10........................................dix 90..................quatre-vingt-dix
How much is this?..............................................Combien ça coûte? 11 .....................................onze 100 ...................................cent
Please ............................................................................S’il vous plaît 12 ..................................douze
Sorry............................................................................Je suis désolé! 13 ...................................treize
Thank you ...................................................................................Merci 14 ..............................quatorze
Good Bye ..............................................................................Au revoir 15 .................................quinze
Good luck ...................................................................Bonne chance! 16 ....................................seize
Have a nice day .........................................................Bonne journée! 17 ...............................dix-sept

Spanish

Hello ..............................................................................................Hola 1 ........................................uno 18 ............................dieciocho
Welcome ............................................................................bienvenida 2 ........................................dos 19 ..........................diecinueve
How are you? ..............................................................¿Cómo estás? 3 ........................................tres 20 ..................................Veinte
I'm fine thanks, and you? ................Estoy bien, gracias, ¿y usted? 4 ....................................cuatro 30 ..................................treinta
What's your name?...............................................¿Cómo te llamas? 5 .....................................cinco 40 ..............................cuarenta
My name is ... ....................................................................Me llamo ... 6 ........................................seis 50 ............................cincuenta
Where do you live? ....................................................¿Dónde vives? 7.......................................siete 60 ...............................sesenta
I live in ............................................................................Yo vivo en ... 8 ......................................ocho 70 ................................setenta
Please say that again ..................¿Por favor, me po puede repetir? 9 ....................................nueve 80 ...............................ochenta
Excuse me........................................................................Discúlpeme 10 ......................................diez 90 ...............................noventa
How much is this? .........................................¿Cuánto cuesta esto? 11.....................................once 100....................................cien
Please...................................................................................Por Favor 12 ....................................doce
Sorry.......................................................................................lo siento 13 ....................................trece
Thank you................................................................................Gracias 14 ................................catorce
Good Bye....................................................................................Adiós 15 .................................quince
Good luck ......................................................................Buena Suerte 16..............................dieciséis
Have a nice day .............................................Que tenga un buen día 17 ............................diecisiete

German

Hello .............................................................................................Hallo 1........................................eins 18 .............................achtzehn
Welcome ..........................................................................Willkommen 2 .......................................zwei 19 ............................neunzehn
How are you? ...........................................................Wie geht es dir? 3 ........................................drei 20 ...............................zwanzig
I'm fine thanks, and you?...........................Mir geht es gut und dir? 4 ........................................vier 30 .................................dreißig
What's your name? ......................................................Wie heißt du? 5 ........................................fünf 40 .................................vierzig
My name is ... ...........................................................Mein Name ist ... 6.....................................sechs 50 .................................fünfzig
Where do you live? ...................................................Wo wohnst du? 7 ...................................sieben 60................................sechzig
I live in ........................................................................Ich wohne in ... 8 .......................................acht 70.................................siebzig
Please say that again ..................................Bitte sagen, das wieder 9 ......................................neun 80 ................................achtzig
Excuse me.............................................................Entschuldigen Sie 10.....................................zehn 90 ...............................neunzig
How much is this?..............................................Wieviel kostet das? 11 .........................................elf 100 ......................(ein)hundert
Please ...........................................................................................Bitte 12 ....................................zwölf
Sorry ..........................................................................Entschuldigung 13 ..............................dreizehn
Thank you ..................................................................................Danke 14 ..............................vierzehn
Good Bye ................................................................Auf Wiedersehen 15 ..............................fünfzehn
Good luck............................................................................Viel Glück 16 ............................sechzehn
Have a nice day ...................................................Einen schönen Tag 17 .............................siebzehn

156

Languages Useful Phrases

Irish

Hello.........................................................................................Dia duit 1 ...................................a haon 18.......................a hocht déag
Welcome......................................................................................Fáilte 2 .......................................a dó 19 .........................a naoi déag
How are you? ........................................................Cad é mar atá tú? 3 ........................................a trí 20 ....................................fiche
I'm fine thanks, .....................Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. 4 ..............................a ceathair 30 .................................tríocha
and you? ....................................................................... Agus tú féin? 5 ....................................a cúig 40 .............................daichead
What's your name?....................................Cad é an t-ainm atá ort? 6........................................a sé 50 ..................................caoga
My name is ... ......................................_________an t-ainm atá orm 7 ................................a seacht 60 .................................seasca
Where do you live?....................................Cá bhfuil tú i do chónaí? 8 ..................................a hocht 70 ...............................seachtó
I live in ... ...................................................Tá mé i mo chónaí i ____ 9 ....................................a naoi 80 ...................................ochtó
Please say that again.................................Abair sin arís, le do thoil 10 ................................a deich 90 ..................................nócha
Excuse me ...........................................................Gabh mo leithscéal 11 ........................a haon déag 100...................................céad
How much is this?.........................................Cá mhéad atá air seo? 12..........................a dó dhéag
Please .................................................................................Le do thoil 13.............................a trí déag
Sorry ................................................................................Tá brón orm 14...................a ceathair déag
Thank you ...........................................................Go raibh maith agat 15 .........................a cúig déag
Good Bye ......................................................................................Slán 16 ............................a sé déag
Good luck ..............................................................................Ádh mór 17 .....................a seacht déag
Have a nice day...................................................Bíodh lá maith agat

Polish

Hello............................................................................................Cześć 1 .....................................jeden 18 .......................osiemnaście
Welcome ..................................................................................Witamy 2 ........................................dwa 19....................dziewiętnaście
How are you? ...............................................................Jak się masz? 3 ........................................trzy 20 ........................dwadzieścia
I'm fine thanks, and you? .................Czuję się dobrze, dzięki, a ty? 4 ....................................cztery 30 ..........................trzydzieści
What's your name? ..............................................Jak masz na imię? 5........................................pięć 40 ........................czterdzieści
My name is ... .............................................................Nazywam się ... 6 .....................................sześć 50 ........................pięćdziesiąt
Where do you live? ...............................................Gdzie mieszkasz? 7 ..................................siedem 60 ......................sześćdziesiąt
I live in .........................................................................Mieszkam w ... 8 ....................................osiem 70 ...................siedemdziesiąt
Please say that again............................................Proszę powtorzyc 9 ................................dziewięć 80 .....................osiemdziesiąt
Excuse me ......................................................................przepraszam 10 ...............................dziesięć 90 .................dziewięćdziesiąt
How much is this? .....................................................Ile to kosztuje? 11...........................jedenaście 100 .....................................sto
Please........................................................................................proszę 12...........................dwanaście
Sorry ...............................................................................przepraszam 13 ...........................trzynaście
Thank you...............................................................................dziękuję 14 .........................czternaście
Good Bye ..........................................................................Dowidzenia 15 ...........................piętnaście
Good luck ........................................................................Powodzenia 16 ..........................szesnaście
Have a nice day ................................................................Miłego dnia 17 .....................siedemnaście

Latin

Hello.............................................................................................Salve 1 ......................................unus 15 ...........................quindecim
Welcome ............................................................................Exspectata 2 ........................................duo 16 ..............................sedecim
How are you?.....................................................................Quid agis? 3 ........................................tres 17 .......................septendecim
I'm fine thanks, and you?........................Sum denique grates, tibi? 4 ................................quattuor 18 .......................duodeviginti
What's your name? ..........................................Quid est tibi nomen? 5 .................................quinque 19..........................undeviginti
My name is ... ........................................................Mihi nomen est, ... 6 .........................................sex 20 ..................................viginti
Where do you live? ........................................................Ubi habitas? 7 ..................................septem 30.................................triginta
I live in .....................................................................In _____ habito... 8 .......................................octo 40 ........................quadraginta
Please say that again ................................Dic ergo, obsecro iterum 9 ...................................novem 50 ......................quinquaginta
Excuse me ..............................................................................ignosce 10 .................................decem 60 ............................sexaginta
How much is this? ..............................................Quantum est hoc ? 11 ..............................undecim 70.........................septuaginta
Please.......................................................................................quaeso 12 ............................duodecim 80.............................octoginta
Sorry .......................................................................................Paenitet 13 ..............................tredecim 90............................nonaginta
Thank you...................................................................Gratias tibi ago 14 ....................quattuordecim 100 ..............................centum
Good Bye.......................................................................................Vale
Good luck ..............................................................Bonam Fortunam!
Have a nice day.................................................Bonum diem habeas

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USEFUL WEBSITES

MATHS www.s-cool.co.uk
www.mymaths.co.uk
ENGLISH www.maths4u.co.uk
www.count-n.org.uk
BUSINESS AND ICT www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise
www.regentsprep.org/regents/maths
SCIENCE
GEOGRAPHY www.bbc.co.uk/schools/bitesize/english
HISTORY www.oup.com
TECHNOLOGY www.nate.org.uk
www.sfe.co.uk
www.funbrain.com
www.bbc.co.uk
www.ni-libraries.net

www.teach-ict.com
www.bbc.co.uk/school/bitesize/english
www.businessballs.co.uk
www.ictgcse.org.uk
www.topmarks.co.uk
www.ccea.org.uk
www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk

www.biologymad.com
www.s-cool.co.uk
www.chemicool.com
www.chem4kids.com

www.schoolhistory.org.uk
www.geographyfieldwork.com/gcse.htm
www.technologystudent.com
www.design-technology.info
www.design-technology.org

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WORDS TO TALK ABOUT LANGUAGE
The following terms will help you understand and discuss the skills you use in your reading and
writing.

TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Subject
Noun The main focus of a sentence The boy dreamed of owning a
Pronoun
Verb shop in London.
Phrase
A word used to identify a person, The boy dreamed of owning a
Clause
Main Clause place, object or idea shop in London.
Subordinate Clause
Adjective A word used in the place of one She said they would never find it.
Adverb
or more nouns

A word or phrase that indicates She waited beside the lift,

an action or state of being hoping he would see her.

Two or more linked words in a I avoid dangerous situations.

sentence that don't make full

sense on their own

Part of a sentence containing From the window, in the

a verb distance, you can see the hills.

A clause that can exist on its own You can see the hills.

as a simple sentence

A clause that needs to be attached He enjoyed his meal until he

to a main clause to make full sense saw the chef.

A word or phrase that modifies a An old man shouted from a

noun or pronoun terraced house.

A word or phrase that modifies a The man spoke very loudly.

verb, adjective or another adverb

Words to Talk about Texts
These terms will help you understand and discuss the skills you use in your reading and writing.

TERM DEFINITION
Fact
Opinion Information that can be proved to be correct
Purpose
Target Audience A personal viewpoint which is not necessarily based on fact
Layout
Presentation The reason why a text has been written

Word choice The group of people a text aims to communicate with
Sentence structure
Positioning material on the page to create the best effect
Imagery
The use of techniques such as headings, changes in font or graphics to
Phonology add extra meaning to the text

The word selection a writer makes to influence the reader's response

The ways in which the writer changes sentence organisation to influence
the reader

The use of techniques such as similes, metaphors and personification to
create pictures in the reader's mind

Techniques using the effects of the sounds of words such as
onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance

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WRITING SENTENCES
You can influence the response of your readers by using a variety of sentence structures.

The Simple Sentence has:

• one main idea • one subject • one verb

• and of course...dear punctuation.

A simple sentence can be very simple. Our example: The dog barked.
Your example:

Or you can modify a simple sentence by adding adjectives and adverbs for extra information.

Our example: The big black dog moved swiftly and barked loudly.
Your example:

The Compound Sentence has:
• two or more main ideas joined with the connective 'and', 'but', 'or'

Our example: Gary likes sports and Jennifer likes reading.
Your example:

The Complex Sentence has:
• one main idea and one or more additional ideas
• connectives to link ideas
• and of course...clear punctuation.

Complex sentences can be organised in a variety of ways to achieve different effects.
• Extra information can be added after the main idea:

Our example: Sweets are tasty although they are bad for your health.
Your example:

• Or extra information can be placed before the main idea:
Our example: Although they are bad for your health, sweets are very tasty.
Your example:

• Or extra information can even be embedded within the main idea, between
the subject and the verb.

Our example: Sweets, although they are bad for your health, are very tasty.
Your example:

Subordinate Clauses

Using subordinate clauses can add a range of ideas to your sentences.

Common subordinators:

• Time (after, when, as, before, since, while, until)

• Place (where, wherever) • Condition (unless, if, supposing)

• Reason (because, since, as) • Contrast (whereas, whilst)

• Concession (although, though) • Describing (who, which, that, whose)

Try using these connectives to build more complex sentences of your own.

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Punctuation

Punctuation helps make the meaning or a text clear.

Reading your work aloud, to see how your voice pauses or falls, will help you to find points

.where punctuation is needed.
Full Stop Place a full stop at the end of a sentence that is not a

direct question or exclamation.

, Our example: The car was parked.
Your example:
Comma Use a comma to indicate a natural pause in direct speech and to

separate three or more items in a list or series.

Our examples: I bought a CD, several books, a pen and a watch. "Yes, the parcel will

arrive today."

Your example:

; Semi-Colon Use a semi-colon to connect independent clauses in a
compound sentence.

Our example: She came hurtling round the bend; the accident wasn't a surprise.
Your example:

: Colon Place a colon before a list of items and preceding an explanation or

example. Several have been used on this page.

Our example: I like the following foods: carrots, eggs and chicken.

Your example:

“” Inverted Use inverted commas to enclose direct speech.
commas "We have a problem," she said, "we must turn around."
Our example:
Your example:

’ Apostrophes Apostrophes are used where letters have been omitted,
or to indicate possession.
Our examples: I'll (I shall) try to get finished. He can't (cannot) swim very fast. Men's
shoes are on sale today. These are the girls' books.
Your example:

Exam Focuses
These are some of the main skills needed for exams that test reading.

EXAM SKILL TYPE OF READING NEEDED

Identify relevant points Skimming quickly through a text to pick out the material needed
or information. to form an answer to a question.

Follow arguments & explain Reading 'between the lines' to find the clues, then using your

the writer's viewpoints. own words to summarise or explain the writer's ideas.

Comment on the effects Scanning to form an impression of how the text as a whole
of layout, structure affects the reader. 'Reading with a writer's eye' to analyse the
and presentation. effects of individual devices used.

Comment on the effects Reading 'with a writer's eye' to analyse the different techniques a
of language techniques. writer uses and explain the effect that they have on the reader.

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Brilliant Verbs

Verbs are acton words

Movement Voice Objects Emotion

Bounce Giggle Bend Admire
Carry Hum Break Bawl
Crawl Laugh Burn Blubber
Dance Rap Control Cry
Hurry Scream Fold Despair
Jump Shout Melt Frown
Pull Sigh Mend Grin
Push Sing Mould Laugh
Roll Sob Open Love
Rotate Talk Repair Sigh
Run Whisper Smash Smile
Skip Yawn Stretch Smirk
Sneak Throw Tremble
Spin Twist Weep
Stroll Wince
Stumble Worry
Tap
Throw
Trudge

Senses Thought

Caress Comprehend
Eat Conceive
Feel Contemplate
Hear Daydream
Lick Dream
Listen Evaluate
Observe Lament
Smell Mediate
Sniff Ponder
Taste Reflect
Touch Speculate
Think
Visualise

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Great Adverbs

Adverbs are words which describe actions

How? When? How often? Where?

angrily Afterwards Always Above
anxiously Again Constantly Around
cautiously Before Daily Away
cheerfully Beforehand Hourly Below
courageously Early Monthly Down
cruelly Lately Never Downstairs
doubtfully Never Occasionally Everywhere
elegantly Now Often Here
enthusiastically Often Once Inside
foolishly Punctually Regularly Outside
frantically Recently Repeatedly There
gently Then Sometimes Up
gracefully Usually Wherever
happily
inquisitively
joyously
loudly
madly
merrily
nervously
quickly
sadly
safely
shyly

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Amazing Adjectives

Adorable Bright Defiant Grotesque
Adventurous Brave Depressed Grumpy
Aggressive Calm Disgusted Gleaming
Angry Cheerful Distinct Helpful
Annoyed Clear Drab Magnificent
Annoying Clumsy Eager Precious
Anxious Comfortable Elegant
Ashamed Confident Enthusiastic
Awful Confused Excitable
Beautiful Considerate Exuberant
Bewildered Determined Filthy
Bored Defeated Glamorous

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Using the right connectives

Opposition Explaining/listing Cause and effect Time
But… So… Because… Then…

However For example Therefore Prior (at the begin-
Nevertheless In other words Consequently ning)
On the other hand For instance As a result At first
But First of all Because of this Before
Instead Finally This causes In the beginning
In contrast In conclusion The reason that Until then
Looking at it After much thought This results in Up to that time
another way The main reason When Firstly
Although for this
Some people do not I believe that Following
believe (afterwards)
For instance
The evidence for this Just then
suggests Next
Whereas In due course
In the end
Reinforcing / After that
in addition Later
And… Eventually

Besides Parallel (at the
Anyway same time)
Many people believe
One reason is In the mean time
Furthermore Simultaneously
Also Concurrently
Moreover Meanwhile
In addition
A further point
Claim that…

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Cool connectives

Connectives link clauses or sentences together

When? Why? Opinion But….

Afterwards As a result Fortunately Alternately
As Because Happily Although
At the moment Consequently Luckily Anyway
Finally For this reason Sadly Aside from
First In the end Unfortunately Besides
Just then So But
Last Therefore Despite
Later However
Meanwhile In spite of
Soon Nevertheless
Subsequently On the other hand
Then Since
Until Whereas
When Yet
While

And….

Also
And
As well as
Furthermore
In addition
Moreover
with

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The PEE Principle for Commenting on Texts

This method of organising a paragraph will help you to make your ideas clear.
Point
What's your point?
First make a simple statement about what the writer does:

• The writer suggests that...
• The writer shows this by using ...
• The writer describes... as...

EvidenceGive evidence from the text
to support your point.
• For example...
• For instance, in the third paragraph.
• The writer states:
ExplanationExplain how the writer's methods affect the reader.
Explain how key words and techniques from the evidence help to
get these effects.
• The effect of this is...
• This makes the reader feel that...
• This suggests that...

Here is an example of a PEE paragraph. It is part of an answer to this question:
"How does the advert use language to encourage people to buy the product?"
The writer suggests that a lot of consumers prefer this product. For example, the advert states:
"You won't be alone! In fact, nine out often people say they can feel the difference just two
weeks after switching brands." The use of this statistic makes the reader feel reassured that
the product is effective. Also, the word "You" aims the text at each individual reader so that they
believe it applies directly to them.

Try using the PEE principle to organise all your writing about texts.

Key Reading Skills
All these skills will be needed each time you read a new text.

TYPE OF READING DEFINITION

Reading for Meaning The slow, careful first reading of a new text
Scanning
Reading 'Between the Lines' Looking swiftly from the top left to the bottom right of a text to
form a first general impression
Reading 'With a Writer's Eye'
Using clues in a text to work out what a writer is implying
(hinting at) in order to explain their viewpoints or to comment on
the methods they use

Analysing and appreciating the techniques a writer has used to
achieve their purpose or to engage their target audience

167

ACADEMIC REFERENCE

Most Commonly Confused Homophones

accept - except ‘accept’ is used as a verb meaning to receive.

The charity will accept donations no matter how big or small.

‘except’ is used as a preposition to mean exclude.

You may donate all items except car seats and mattresses.

affect - effect ‘affect’ indicates influence.

The medicine did not affect her the way the doctor hoped.

‘effect’ used as a noun.

The new medicine had a negative effect on the patient.

aloud - allowed ‘aloud’ is used when referring to something said out loud.

Reading aloud, and doing it well, is a skill that requires practice.

‘allowed’ is used when referring to something permitted.

Makeup is not allowed in school.

are - our ‘are’ is a verb in present tense, a form of the verb ‘to be’.

We are staying at the hotel closest to the train station.

‘our’ is an adjective, the plural possessive form of ‘we’.

They will bring our keys to the hotel reception.

bear - bare ‘bear’ used when referring to the animal or indicate the act of

holding/supporting.

How did that brown bear open the security gate at the campsite?

The car can hardly bear the weight of the load.

‘bare’ is used as an adjective indicating lack of clothing/adornment.

His bare neck burned in the direct sunlight.

brake - break ‘brake’ can be used as a verb meaning to stop or a noun when referring

to a device used to stop/slow down.

The bike’s brake failed as he rode down the hill.

‘break’ indicates smashing, shattering or rest/pause.

My back will break if we put one more book in this schoolbag.

We took a break after the first set of drills as it was so hot.

buy - by ‘buy’ is used when purchasing an item.

I do need to buy new shoes for the children.

‘by’ is used as a preposition to indicate location.

Put the sandwiches by the door so we don’t forget them.

compliment - ‘compliment’ refers to something that enhances/completes.

complement The cranberry sauce is a perfect compliment to the turkey dinner.

‘complement’ is an expression of praise.

I was please to receive the compliment on my new dress.

here - hear ‘here’ used as an adverb to indicate location.

Please come back here and put your shoes away!

‘hear’ used as a verb to indicate listening.

Can you hear the bird’s beautiful singing outside?

its - it’s ‘its’ is the possessive form of it.

The cat is licking its paws.

‘it’s’ is the contraction of it is.

It’s raining today so the camogie match will be cancelled.

lay - lie ‘lay’ indicates the placement of something.

Please lay the table for dinner.

‘lie’ is the act of reclining.

I am tired of watching the dog lie on my favourite blanket.

of - off ‘of’ is a preposition.

We admired the courage of the young man.

‘off’ is an adverb.

She took her coat off because it was too warm.

168

ACADEMIC REFERENCE

one - won ‘one’ refers to a single unit or thing.

I have one more cupcake left before the box is empty.

‘won’ is the past tense of the verb to win.

Kevin’s team won the football match.

principal - ‘principal’ is the noun meaning head of school.

principle The principal is a well-respected member of our community.

‘principle’ is a noun meaning a basic truth or law.

We did not agree in principle with the reviewers comments.

than - then ‘than’ used for comparisons.

John is much taller than his brother.

‘then’ indicates the passage of time.

We went to the park in the morning, then we left to get lunch.

there - ‘there’ can act as different parts of speech. Most commonly used

their - as a pronoun or adverb.

they’re There will be a lot to eat at the party. [pronoun]

Put the book over there. [adverb]

‘their’ is a pronoun.

The pupils put their coats in the lockers.

‘they’re’ is the contraction for they are.

They’re going to have to practice immediately after school.

to - too - two ‘to’ can be used as a preposition or indicate an infinitive when it

precedes a verb.

We’re going to the park. [preposition]

We want to help in any way we can. [infinitive before verb]

‘too’ an adverb when it precedes an adjective/verb.

I ate too much ice cream for dessert.

‘two’ is a number.

Mary ate two pieces of cake.

weather - ‘weather’ used when referring to the state of the atmosphere.

whether The constantly changing weather is driving us mad!

‘whether’ is used as a conjunction to introduce choices.

Tell us whether you would prefer steak or salmon for dinner.

where - ‘where’ is an adverb.

wear - I don’t know where we are going tomorrow evening.

were ‘wear’ is a verb.

He has to wear his glasses to see the whiteboard.

‘were’ is the past tense of be.

Michael and were in Draperstown yesterday.

which - witch ‘which’ used as a pronoun when referring to things or animals.

Cora wore her favourite pink shoes which she received as a birthday gift.

‘witch’ means a scary or nasty person.

The Halloween witch decorations were amazing.

write - right ‘write’ is a verb.

I will write a letter to our pen pal in America.

‘right’ can be used as a adjective, noun, adverb, verb.

Telling the teacher was the right thing to do. [adjective]

Knowing the truth is her right. [noun]

The school is right next to the chemist. [adverb]

It was time to right an old wrong. [verb]

you’re - your ‘you’re’ is a contraction for you are.

You’re going to absolutely love this new hairstyle.

‘your’ is a pronoun.

Please bring your books to class with you tomorrow.

169

ACADEMIC REFERENCE

Most Persuasive Techniques

A • Adjectives Describe nouns.

• Adverbs Describe verbs [action/doing words]

• Alliteration Repetition of the initial consonant.

• Anecdote A story from life that is used to illustrate a point.

F • Facts Something that actually exists or can be proven to be true.

• Font The size and style of writing used in text.

• Flattery When you praise someone, often because you want something f
rom them.

O • Onomatopoeia Word sounds similar to the noises the words refers to.

• Openings [Dramatic]

• Opinions Someone’s judgment about someone or something.

R • Rhetorical Questions Poses a question to reader which encourages them to think about
topic/issue. No answer needed.

• Repetition Where a word is repeated more than once in a phrase or sentence.

E • Emotive Words Cause strong feelings in reader

• Endings
[Cliff Hanger/Resolution]

• Experts Person with a high level of knowledge or skill; a specialist.

• Emphatic statement A response/statement made in a forceful way, because the speaker feels
very strongly about what they are saying.

• Exaggerated Way of writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better,

Language - Hyperbole more, etc. than they are

S • Similes Compares one thing with another, always including the words `as' or `like'

• Statistics Numbers, percentages, etc.

• Sentence Length

• Superlatives Adjective or adverb which expresses a thing/person has more of the
particular quality than anything/anyone else.

T • Triples Words are repeated three times.

• Tone Expresses writer/speaker's feelings or thoughts.

170

Mathematics Shape and Space

An acute angle is less A right angle is 90º An obtuse angle is more A straight line is 180º
than 90º than 90º and less than 180º

60º 110º

A reflex angle is more Around a point 90º 30º 85º
than 180º is 360º 75º
The angles in a triangle
a Parallel Lines add up to 180º Angles in a quadrilateral
b add up to 360º
z Parallel Lines Parallel Lines
b
a f a

Vertically opposite angles z b
are equal f
Complementary angles
Alternate angles (z) Corresponding angles (a & b) add up to 180º
are the same (f) are the same

Trigonometry

B B a
c
H
O AC

hcypotenuse a ø b

A Sine Law

sin ø = O = opposite SOH O a = b = c
H hypotenuse SH sinA sinB sinC
Ab
C Cosine Law
a2 = b2+c2-2bc cosA
cos ø = A = adjacent CAH A b2 = a2+c2-2ac cosB
H hypotenuse CH c2 = a2+b2-2ab cosC
Pythagoras’ theorem
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 tan ø = O = opposite TOA O
C2 = A2 +B2 A adjacent
TA

Remember! SOH CAH TOA Area of triangle 1/2 ab sinC

Perimeter, Area & Volume

l b

w h a lw l
h

Rectangle Parallelogram Cuboid Prism
Perimeter = 2(l+w) Perimeter = 2 (a+b) Volume = l x w x h Volume = cross section

Area = l x w Area = b x h area x l

ah c r REMEMBER!

b Circle Perimeter is the 1-D length around a shape: m,cm
Circumference = 2 π r Area is the 2-D space inside a shape: m2, cm2
Triangle Volume is teh 3-D space inside a solid: m3, cm3
Perimeter = a+b+c Area = πr2
Capacity is the amount something can hold: l,ml
Area = b x h Remember to start with the same UNITS!
2

171

Mathematics Data

Averages Bar Graph Histogram
Mean is average
Mean is average frequency Used for discrete data. Used for continuous numerical data
Mode is most frequencyBars are all the same width. Bar which has been classified into
Mode is most frequencyheight represents frequency.groups. Bars may be different
Median's in the middle Densitywidths. The area of the bar repre-
Median's in the middle Pie Chart (Pie Graph) sents frequency.
Range, high - low
Range, high - low Cumulative
Frequency Graph
(sing this to the tune of
'Frere Jacques')

Frequency Polygon

x 3/4

xx
x

x 1/2

May be used for both discrete & Size of angle = frequency x 360º 1/4
continuous data. Points should be total frequency
plotted in the middle of correspon- LQ M UQ
ding bars (bar chart or histogram) the angles should add up to 360°
Used to show proportions of an Useful for estimating median &
identifiable whole. quartiles for grouped data. Plot at
the top end of the groups

Line Graph Scatter Graph Box and Whisker Plot
(Jagged Line Graph)

x

x x x xx x xx
xx x x
xx
x x
xx

xx

Used for continuous data. Shows Used to show correlation. Drawing a Lowest Lower Median Upper Highest
relationship between two variables line of best fit allows estimation of
values of one variable from values value quartile quartile value
of the other variable.
Clearly identifies the middle 50%

Calculator Skills Standard index form
Use the 'exp' or 'x 10x' button

Always check how your calculator works Calculator display
Try the calculation 2 + 3x5 ...
6.2 * 106 = 6.2*1000 000 = 6.2000 000
If your result is 25 If your result is 17 6.2 * 10-6 = 6.2*0.000 001 = 0.0000062
Your calculator works every Your calculator uses
step out in order before BIDMAS/BODMAS Useful Buttons
performing the next step. Brackets
You should work each bit Indices +/- can make a number positive or negative
of a calculation out in turn, Division x2 squares a number
write each result down and Multiplication xy raises x to the power of y
bring all the bits together in Addition √ finds the square root
a final calculation. Subtraction π gives pi accurately
This is the best calculator ab/c gives fractions
shift/inv/2ndF Gets the inverse function over the

button to work

172

Science

GENERAL SCIENCE

As a biologist you M - Movement .................................. Moving parts of an organism
need to know the 7 life processes: R - Reproduction ........................................... Producing offspring
An easy method of remembering S - Sensitivity ........ Responding and reacting to the environment
is MRS GREN! G - Growth .................................... Increasing in size to adulthood
R - Respiration ....................................... Turning food into energy
E - Excretion ................................................... Getting rid of waste
N - Nutrition ........................................... Getting food to stay alive

To be a chemist you need to be able to identify acids and alkalis.
Universal Indicator can be used to show the pH of a substance.

pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Strong ACIDS Weak ACIDS Neutral Weak ALKALIS Strong ALKALIS

Neutralisation
Acids react with bases, alkalis, reactive metals and carbonates.
This is called a neutralisation reaction.

Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water
Salt + Water
Acid + Base -> Salt + Hydrogen
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid + Metal ->

Acid + Carbonate ->

To be a physicist Physical Quantity S.I. Units Symbol
you need to get your
units right in calculations. Length ......................... Metres .................................... m
Here is a table showing
units that are used a lot Mass ........................... Kilograms ............................... kg
in physics.
Time ............................ Seconds .................................. s

Force ........................... Newtons ................................. N

Energy ......................... Joules ..................................... J

Keywords
Understand and use the following words within the subject of science.

element series circuit
consumer neutralisation
compound producer
photosynthesis indicator
reflection mixture
refraction
parallel circuit

Record any other science words you use in the blank spaces

173

GROUP THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 18
1

1 14 15 16 4

1 HHYDROGEN He
2 13 17 HELIUM
1 Relative 2

79 Atomic Mass 4 He Symbol 11 12 14 16 19 20
Atomic Name
2 Li BeLITHIUM BERYLLIUM HELIUM B C N O F Ne

34 2 BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON

5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 Number 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl ArSODIUM
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211
MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHO- SULPHUR CHLORINE ARGON
RUS
12 13 14 16 17 18
15

PERIOD 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn FePOTASSIUM CALCIUM SCANDIUM TITANIUM VANADIUM CHROMIUM MANGANESE
IRON Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 COBALT NICKEL COPPER ZINC GALLIUM GERMANIUM ARSENIC SELENIUM BROMINE KRYPTON

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgRUBIDIUM STRONTIUM YTTRIUM ZIRCONIUM NIOBIUM
174 MOLYBDE- TECHETIUM RUTHENIUM RHODIUM PALLADIUM SILVER Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
NUM
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 CADMIUM INDIUM TIN ANTIMONY TELLURIUM IODINE XENON

48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
6 CsCAESIUM Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

BARIUM LANTHANIDE HAFNIUM TANTALUM TUNGSTEN RHENIUM OSMIUM IRIDIUM PLATINUM GOLD MERCURY THALLIUM LEAD BISMUTH POLONIUM ASTATINE RADON

55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

223 226 261 262 263 262 265 266 269 272 285 113 204.38 114 289 115 208.98 116 209
7 Fr Ra Ac-Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Uuq Uup UuhFRANCIUM
RADIUM ACTINIDE RUTHER- DUBNIUM SEABORGIUM BOHRIUM HASSIUM MEITNERIUM DARMSTAD- ROENTGE- COPERNICIUM
FORDIUM TIUM
87 88 89-103 105 106 107 108 109 111NIUM 112 UNUNTIUM UNUNQUADIUM UNUNPENTIUM UNUNHEXIUM
104 110

LANTHANIDE

Non-Metals Metaloids 139 140 141 144 147 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
Alkali Metals Halogens 6 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho ErLANTHANUM CERIUM
Alkaline Earth Noble Gases Tm Yb Lu
Transition Metal Rare Earths 57 58
Other Metals Rare Earths PRASEODY- NEODYMIUM PROMETHIUM SAMARIUM EUROPIUM GADOLINIUM TERBIUM DYSPROSIUM HOLMIUM ERBIUM THULIUM YTTERBIUM LUTETIUM
59MIUM
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

ACTINIDE

227 232 231 238 237 242 243 247 245 251 254 253 256 254 257
7 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No LrACTINIUM

89
THORIUM PROTAC- URANIUM NEPTUNIUM PLUTONIUM AMERICIUM CURIUM BERKELIUM CALIFOR- EINSTEINIUM FERMIUM MENDELE- NOBELIUM LAWRENCIUM
92
90 91TINIUM 93 94 95 96 97 98 NIUM 99 100 101VIUM 102 103

ACADEMIC REFERENCE

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

MERCURY

Distance from Sun: 58 million km
Radius: 2400km

VENUS

Distance from Sun: 108 million km
Radius: 6025km

EARTH

Distance from Sun: 150 million km
Radius: 6350km

MARS

Distance from Sun: 228 million km
Radius: 3360km

JUPITER

Distance from Sun: 778 million km
Radius: 70960km

SATURN

Distance from Sun: 1430 million km
Radius: 70000km

URANUS

Distance from Sun: 2870 million km
Radius: 25275km

NEPTUNE

Distance from Sun: 4500 million km
Radius: 25000km

175

Health and Fitness Exercise and Nutrition

REMEMBER TO BRING YOUR KIT AND A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO EVERY LESSON!

Why should we exercise? Why do you exercise?
• To improve your body shape ___________________________________
• To strengthen your bones ___________________________________
• To reduce the chance of illness ___________________________________
• To increase strength, endurance & flexibility Success in PE is not all about ability. If you
• To reduce stress & tension have the belief, commitment, motivation, &
• To increase self-confidence attitude you will succeed!

Your Activities How many of these sports have you tried? Set yourself a challenge to try and
sample as many of these sports as you can!

ACTIVITY L EC OS ACTIVITY L EC OS OTHER ACTIVITIES L EC OS

Hockey Basketball _________________
Netball Squash _________________
Football Rocketball _________________
Rugby Volleyball _________________
Badminton Aerobics _________________
Rounders Trampolining _________________
Tennis Ice Skating
Table Tennis Skiing Your favourite activities
Gymnastics Canoeing
Dance Orienteering __________________
Swimming Rock Climbing __________________
Cycling Walking __________________
Cricket Athletics __________________

Use the following key to complete the table:
L: Lessons, EC: Extra Curricular, OS: Out of school.

Top Tips for leading a healthy lifestyle - remember - you are what you eat!

1 Don't skip breakfast - It is important & is your fuel for the day

2 Drink lots of water - Dehydration affects your performance & concentration levels

3 Eat healthily - Eating fatty food could affect your weight, complexion & odour

4 Exercise regularly - You don't have to exercise much to feel the benefit

5 Avoid alcohol, drugs & tobacco - These can lead to heart, lung & brain damage

THE EATWELL PLATE

Use the eatwell plate to help you get the balance right.
It shows how much of what you eat should come from each food group.

ab a Fruit and vegetables

ec b Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta
d and other starchy foods

c Milk and dairy foods

d Foods and drinks high in fat
and/or sugar

e Meat, fish, eggs, beans
and other non-dairy sources of protein

176

Geography Europe International
Timezones

177 01:00 13:00

Am. Samoa Paris
02:00 14:00

Cook Island Kiev
03:00 15:00

Anchorage Moscow
04:00 16:00

Vancouver Mauritius
05:00 17:00

Edmonton Islamabad
06:00 18:00

Chicago Novosibirsk
07:00 19:00

New York Bangkok
08:00 20:00

Puerto Rico Beijing
09:00 21:00

Buenos Aires Tokyo
10:00 22:00

South Georgia Brisbane
11:00 23:00

Azores New Caledonia
12:00 24:00

London Fiji

178

The British Isles

OUTER HEBRIDES ORKNEY
ISLANDS

JOHN O’GROATS

INVERNESS NORTH
SEA

ABERDEEN

ATLANTIC Ben Nevis
OCEAN SCOTLAND

DUNDEE

GLASGOW EDINBURGH

DERRY /

LONDONDERRY STRANRAER
CARLISLE
NORTHERN NEWCASTLE
IRELAND

SLIGO BELFAST ISLE OF

MAN

REPUBLIC OF BLACKPOOL LEEDS HULL
GALWAY IRELAND
IRISH LIVERPOOL MANCHESTER
DUBLIN SEA
Snowdon ENGLAND NORWICH
LIMERICK

BIRMINGHAM

CORK WALES

SWANSEA CARDIFF LONDON
BRISTOL
DOVER

SOUTHAMPTON BRIGHTON

PLYMOUTH ENGLISH
CHANNEL
LAND’S END

179

180

181

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Use only non-permanent Dry Wipe marker pens.

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