SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS

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1. SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS

Abdicate: To give up a possession, claim or right

Syn :- abandon, abjure, abnegate Syn : ancient, earliest, indigenous, native, original,
Ant :- retain, remain, claim primary, primitive
Sentence: The people of the state do not wish to Ant : foreigner, alien, stranger
abdicate their sovereignty to the agencies which serve Sentence: The islands may have had left no trace of
them. the existence of their aboriginal inhabitants.
Abridge: condense or shorten
Aberrant: abnormal or deviant Syn : abbreviate, condense, contract, curtail, diminish,
Syn : abnormal, atypical, bizarre, deviant downsize, precise
Ant : normal Ant : add, enlarge, expand, extend, increase, lengthen
Sentence: Given the aberrant nature of data, we came Sentence: The president can abridge the punishment
to doubt the validity of the entire experiment. of any culprit.

Abeyance: suspended action Abscission: cutting off; separation
Syn : discontinuation, dormancy, inactivity, intermission,
latency, suspension, adjournment, postponement. Syn : cutting, extirpation, removal
Ant : action, activity, continuance, continuation Ant : merge, assemble, collaborate
Sentence: Ideological disputes among his coalition Sentence: A number of methods are used to delay
members should have been kept firmly in abeyance. petal abscission artificially, including the use of
chemicals.
Ablution: washing Abstain: refrain; withhold from participation
Syn : cleansing, decontamination, purification
Ant : dirty, corrupt, pollute Syn : avoid, constrain, curb, decline, refrain,
Sentence: Ablution is cleansing with water as a Ant : indulge, use
religious ritual. Sentence: Unless some opposition members abstain,
the budget may thus not get through.
Abnegation: Self sacrifice
Syn : renunciation, denial, abstinence Abysmal: bottomless
Ant : Acquiescence, yielding, allowance Syn :bottomless,deep, endless, infinite, fickle,
Sentence: His abnegation of the privileges of his power changeable.
is one of his merits. Ant : finite, shallow, slight
Abolish: cancel; put an end to Sentence: They are riddled by injury and playing for
Syn : abrogate, annihilate, destroy, dissolve, end, pride and reputation after an abysmal start to the
eradicate, expunge season.
Ant : continue, establish, promote, ratify, support
Sentence: He is determined to abolish the right of Acclimate: adjust to climate or environment;adapt
some defendants to opt for a trial by jury.
Syn : accommodate, accustom, habituate
Abominate: loathe; hate Ant : ignore, neglect, indulge
Sentence: The optional pre-stay allows guests to rest,
Syn : abhor, despise, dislike, hate, loathe acclimate, and explore independently before their
Ant : love, adore, cherish, like journey begins.
Sentence: A politician who is revered by his supporters
and abominated by his enemies. Accolade: award of merit, recognition of
achievement
Aboriginal: being the first of its kind in a region

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Syn : acclaim, applaud, augment, boost, dignify Sentence: I wanted to leave my job without an
Ant : belittle, debase, degrade, depress, disgrace, lower altercation.
Sentence: These destructive, power-hungry people Ambivalence: state of having conflicting emotional
make poor decisions meant to aggrandize themselves
and demean others. attitudes
Syn : confusion, dilemma, doubt, fluctuation, hesitation
Aghast: horrified; dumbfounded Ant : certainty, decisiveness
Sentence: It’s understandable that the war fills him
Syn : afraid, agape, agog, alarmed, amazed, anxious, with ambivalence.
appalled, astonished
Ant : unsurprised, assured, calm, content, cool, Ambiguous: unclear or doubtful in meaning
Sentence: Aghast, the doctor’s friends set about trying
to get him released. Syn : unclear, vague, obscure, enigmatic
Ant : clear, definite, explicit, lucid
Agrarian: pertaining to land and cultivation Sentence: “The senator spoke with such ambiguity,
it was impossible for me to tell what he really believes.”
Syn : agricultural, natural, peasant, rustic,
undomesticated Amenable: readily managed or willing to be led;
Ant : artificial, fixed, modified, refined answerable or accountable legally
Sentence: Although the war was the catalyst for a
new society, the economy remained agrarian. (SSC CGL 2011)
Syn : acquiescent, agreeable, docile, influenceable,
Alchemy: medieval chemistry manageable, obedient
Ant : intractable, nonconforming, uncooperative,
Syn : black arts, black magic, pseudo science, sorcery, unwilling
witchcraft, Sentence: Most companies, not surprisingly, aren’t so
Ant : reality amenable to the idea.
Sentence: The effect was easy to dismiss as alchemy,
but there had to be a good explanation. Amputate: cut off part of body; prune

Allegiance: loyalty Syn : cut away, cut off, dismember, eliminate, separate,
Syn : adherence, constancy, dedication, devotion, duty, sever, truncate
faithfulness Ant : join, add, unite
Ant : disloyalty, enmity, sedition, treachery Sentence: They won’t have to amputate the arm
Sentence: Every socialist today proclaims their because it has healed nicely.
allegiance to markets while trying to control them.
Animadversion: critical remark
Allusion: indirect reference Syn : censure, criticism, faultfinding
Syn : casual remark, citation, connotation, denotation, Ant : applause, exaltation, praise
implication Sentence: Although Penny thought she was well-liked,
Ant : evidence, proof her classmates spoke of her with animadversion.
Sentence: He likes to make allusion to the size of his
salary. Annals: records; history

Altercation: noisy quarrel; heated dispute Syn : archive, chronicle, journal, memorial, record,
register
Syn : argument, bickering, brawl, combat, contest, Sentence: The newspaper’s annals were in perfect
controversy order.
Ant : agreement, concord, harmony, peace, union, unity Anneal: reduce brittleness and improve toughness by

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artifact of quantization. Sentence: The Company lost many employees through
Asinine: stupid attrition.

Syn : absurd, foolish, idiotic, inane, silly, sophomoric, Audacious: daring; bold
stupid (SSC CGL 2011)
Ant : brainy, bright, intelligent, smart, understanding,
keen, sensible Syn : adventurous, bold, brassy, brave, courageous,
Sentence: Your asinine remarks prove that this issue dauntless
is not serious for you. Ant : cautious, gentle, humble, meek, mild, modest,
reserved, timid
Aspersion: slanderous remark Sentence: He was too audacious to afraid from tiger.
Syn : abuse, animadversion, backbiting, calumny
Ant : happiness, kindness, mildness Augury: Omen
Sentence: Thomas threw one aspersion after another Syn : Forerunner, harbinger, prophecy, prognostication
at Michael. Sentence: The Future teller sat in his throne of augury.
Assimilate: cause to become homogenous
August: impressive; majestic
Syn : comprehend, digest, grasp, incorporate, ingest Syn : brilliant, eminent, exalted, glorious, grand,
Ant : misunderstand, reject, unlearn grandiose
Sentence: It was difficult to get the new baby to Ant : undignified
assimilate to his parents’ schedule. Sentence: Manoj was impressed with the august
Asylum: place of refuge or shelter; protection surroundings of the farmhouse.

Syn : cover, harbour, hideout, preserve, refuge, Autonomous: Self-governing
Ant : open, uncover
Sentence: He was concerned about other people who (SSC CGL 2011)
have political asylum here.
Syn : Independent, sovereign, Free
Atrocity: brutal dead Ant : dependent, Servile, Slavish
Syn : barbarity, enormity, heinousness Sentence: Cars will then be virtually autonomous,
Ant : good behavior, pleasantry able to drive themselves without the motorist’s
Sentence: The evil witch performed one atrocity after intervention.
another.
Avarice: Greed
Attenuate: make thin; weaken Syn : covetous, cupidity, ravenous, rapacious
Ant : benevolence, generosity, philanthropy
(SSC CGL 2010) Sentence: Because of his avarice, Thomas was willing
to kill his own mother to inherit the family fortune.
Syn : abate, constrict, contract, cripple, debilitate,
deflate, enfeeble B
Ant : expand, increase, intensify, strengthen
Sentence: There is also a limiter to attenuate sudden Bacchanalian: one who drinks too much
loud noises.
Attrition: reduction in the work force without firing Synonyms: alcoholic, bibber, boozer, dipsomaniac.
Antonyms: abstainer, ascetic, teetotaler
employees Sentence: Vacationing students perform various
Syn : abrasion, depreciation, disintegration, erosion, bacchanalian rituals during spring break.
grinding
Ant : building, strengthening Badger: pester; annoy continually with demands

Synonyms: annoy, bait, bug, bully
Antonyms: aid, help, please
Sentence: The way the lawyer was yelling and
accusing the defendant I was sure he was badgering

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Benefactor: gift giver; patron; person who does Bigotry: stubborn
good or who gives money for a good purpose Synonyms: Intolerance, prejudice, discrimination,
dogmatism, fanaticism
Synonyms: aid, altruist, angel, assistant, backer, Antonyms: broad-mindedness, fairness, open-
contributor, well-wisher mindedness, tolerance
Antonyms: antagonist, opponent Sentence: Clever effort to sneak in gender bigotry in
Sentence: Not have equal amounts of money the guise of scientific discussion.
distributed to us from some unknown benefactor.
Blasphemy: irreverence
Benevolent: generous; having a wish to do good Synonyms: sacrilege, abuse, cursing, desecration
Antonyms: piety, religion, religiousness, reverence
(SSC Section Officer Exam 2001) Sentence: No civil laws specifically targeting
Synonyms: Charitable, altruistic, beneficent, benign, big- blasphemy, apostasy, or proselytizing.
hearted, caring
Antonyms: greedy, malevolent, mean, selfish, spiteful, Blighted: suffering from a disease; destroyed
unkind
Sentence: When things go swimmingly, few people Synonyms: annihilate, blast, crush, damage, decay
seem to mind being run by benevolent autocrats. Antonyms: aid, bless, guard, help, prosper, protect
Sentence: Now, you could not ask for a more perfect
Benign: kindly; favorable; not malignant (disease) metaphor for abandoned, blighted hopes.

Synonyms: amiable, beneficent, benevolent, favorable, Bludgeon: heavy-headed weapon
friendly, Synonyms: bat, club, stick
Antonyms: hateful, hostile, hurtful, injurious, malignant, Antonyms: aid, assist, encourage, help
unkind Sentence: He was approached from behind and struck
Sentence: Moti is benign and always helps the needy. the head with a bludgeon, knocking him senseless.

Berserk: mad with violent anger; frenzied; madly Blunder: error; stupid mistake
excited Synonyms: bungle, error, fault
Antonyms: accuracy, correction
Synonyms: crazy, demented, deranged, insane, mad, Sentence: Having a computer partner also meant never
maniacal, violent having to worry about making a tactical blunder.
Antonyms: balanced, realistic, reasonable, responsible,
sane Blurt: utter impulsively from nervousness or
Sentence: The audience was going perceptibly more excitement
berserk for this particular song.
Synonyms: babble, jabber
Besiege: surround with armed forces Antonyms: keep quiet
Sentence: Participants blurt out as many ideas as
Synonyms: assail, attack, beleaguer, beset, blockade possible within a specified time period.
Antonyms: leave alone, aid, defend, protect, resist
Sentence: Doctors say worried patients hearing about Bluster: blow in heavy gusts; speak in a noisy or
the ailment are starting to besiege them. bullying manner

Besmirch: soil; make dirty Synonyms: bluff, boasting, bombastic, braggadocio,
Synonyms: blacken, blot, defile, discolor, dishonor, bragging
slander, smear, smudge, stain Antonyms: humility, meekness, servility
Antonyms: clean, hallow, honor, purify, sanctify Sentence: Even-tempered, without bluster, he was
Sentence: It pains me to see his reputation so approachable and ruled by a shot from his dark eyes.
besmirched. Bogus: counterfeit; not authentic; intentionally false

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Antonyms: lengthiness, longevity, permanence Synonyms: abutment, prop, reinforcement, strut
Sentence: Simon’s poems were known for their Antonyms: let go, loosen, unfasten
brevity. Sentence: They are right but, to buttress their view,
they must establish a link between poor growth and
Buffoonery: clowning euro-area membership.
Synonyms: clowning, frivolity, prank, craziness, lunacy
Antonyms: sobriety, tragedy C
Sentence: There are also moments when the scenes
are little more than buffoonery. Cadaverous: pale, corpselike

Bulwark: strong wall built for defense Synonyms: ashen, bag of bones, bloodless, dead,
deathlike, deathly
Synonyms: barrier, bastion, buttress, citadel, defense, Antonyms: flushed, lifelike, lively
embankment, fort Sentence: The hikers looked cadaverous after they
Antonyms: weak point, hinder were found a week later.
Sentence: They also serve as a natural bulwark against
hurricanes and storm surges. Cadence: rhythmic rise and fall

Bungle: mismanage; spoil by clumsy behavior Synonyms: beat, measure, modulation, rhythm
Sentence The music had a slow but pleasing cadence.
Synonyms: blunder, botch, fumble
Antonyms: do well, fix, manage, succeed Cajole: persuade by praise or false promise
Sentence: It was the result of a bungle that a
bureaucratic rule-change misleadingly announced and Synonyms: coax, wheedle, beguile, blandish, bootlick
over-excitedly reported. Antonyms: bully, force, repel
Sentence: The children will try to cajole their mother
Buoyant: able to float; cheerful and optimistic into giving them more dessert.

Synonyms: floatable, supernatant, unsinkable, Calamity: disaster; misery
weightless Synonyms: adversity, affliction, cataclysm, catastrophe,
Antonyms: heavy, weighted collapse
Sentence: Even so, the market continues to look Antonyms: advantage, blessing, boon, comfort, good
extremely buoyant on many measures. fortune, good luck, happiness
Sentence: When any calamity has been suffered, the
Burgeon: grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds first thing to be remembered is how much has been
escaped.
Synonyms: blossom, bud, expand, flower, grow,
increase, prosper, sprout, thrive Callous: without sympathy for the sufferings of
Antonyms: shrink, shrivel, wither others
Sentence: In the last years of the nineteenth century,
an existing industry began to burgeon throughout the Synonyms: apathetic, careless, cauterize
state. Antonyms: compassionate, kind, nice, sensitive,
sympathetic
Burlesque: give an imitation that ridicules; imitate Sentence: People’s response to our separateness can
mockingly be callous, can be good-hearted, and is always
condescending.
Synonyms: caricature, comic, ironical, ludicrous, mock Callow: youthful; inexperienced
Antonyms: original Synonyms: immature, guileless, inexperienced, juvenile
Sentence: But the story is considerably expanded and Antonyms: experienced, mature, sophisticated
treated throughout in a burlesque vein. Sentence: His failure in business is only due to his

Buttress: support; prop up

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Sentence: The Repulic Day parade is a cavalcade of outlook for emerging markets after the great strides

floats, marching bands, and performance artists. they have made.

Cavil: quibble; make frivolous objections Charlatan: quack; pretender to knowledge

Synonyms: carp, criticize, fuss, grumble Synonyms: fake, fraud, imposter, mountebank,
Antonyms: ignore, let go pretender, quack
Sentence: Her performance is beyond cavil. Antonyms: original, reality
Sentence: The charlatan was able to trick all but the
Celerity: speed; rapidity wisest people of the town.
Synonyms: alacrity, briskness, dispatch, expedition,
haste, hurry Cherubic: angelic; innocent-looking;
Antonyms: slowness, sluggishness
Sentence: They moved with great celerity when they Synonyms: adorable, childlike, cute, innocent, sweet
heard about the flood. Antonyms: hellish, dark, demoniac, devilish
Sentence: Her face is cherubic and attractive.
Celibate: abstaining from sexual intercourse cherubic eggshell-white face to make you comfortable
talking to her
Synonyms: chaste, continent, pure, virginal
Antonyms: active, promiscuous Chivalrous: courteous; faithful; brave
Sentence: Some couple remained celibate until they
got married. Synonyms: benevolent, brave, considerate, courageous,
courteous, gentlemanlike
Censure: blame; criticize; express strong Antonyms: afraid, cowardly, fearful, frightened
disapproval Sentence: They look at these motion pictures and think
how glorious war is and chivalrous.
Synonyms: castigation, condemnation, disapproval,
chide Cipher: worthless person or thing; zero
Antonyms: approval, compliment, encouragement,
endorsement, praise, ratification Synonyms: blank, insignificant, nil, nonentity, nothing,
Sentence: Encouragement after censure is as the sun Antonyms: important, significant
after a shower. Sentence: The study material of that institute is cipher
and useless.
Cerebration: thought; working of the brain
Circumscribe: limit; draw a line around
Synonyms: deliberation, Intellect, thinking
Antonyms: ignorance Synonyms: confine, bound, encircle, enclose,
Sentence: Cerebration is the process of using the encompass
mind thinking. Antonyms: free, loose, open
Sentence: The artist will circumscribe the painting
Ceremonious: Ritual with just one red line.
Synonyms: Formal Circumspect: prudent; acting after careful thought
Antonyms: Informal
Sentence: Every body should take part in ceremonious Synonyms: cautious, attentive, calculating, canny,
events. careful, chary, considerate, deliberate
Antonyms: careless, incautious, indiscreet
Churlish: boorish; rude Sentence: It pays to be a little circumspect when
Synonyms: blunt, brusque, cantankerous, crabbed, writing your autobiography.
crude
Antonyms: gentle, nice, pleasant, polite
Sentence: It seems almost churlish to question the

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Compassionate: Having tender feelings imprint suggestive of a musket ball.
Synonyms: Benevolent, charitable, kindly, lenient,
sympathetic Conclave: Secret meeting
Antonyms: cruel, harsh, hateful, indifferent, merciless Synonyms: Conference, council, gathering, parley,
Sentence: A compassionate advocate for the poor, session, caucus
Mother Teresa is likely destined for sainthood. Sentence: The great men of the city met in solemn
conclave to consider how the difficulty was to be met.
Complacency: self-satisfaction
Conception: beginning; forming of an idea

Synonyms: vanity, smugness, self-conceit, self- Synonyms: Birth, origin, design, innovation, invention,
importance, swagger concept, construct, creation
Antonyms: dissatisfaction, meekness, modesty, self- Antonyms: end, abortion, death
consciousness, shyness, timidity Sentence: Does new life begin at the moment of
Sentence: If it serves as an excuse for complacency, conception?
that’s bad news for everyone.
Concurrent: happening at the same time;
Complaisant: trying to please; willing to please
others Synonyms: coeval, coexisting, coincident, concomitant,
incidental, parallel, synchronous
Synonyms: accommodating, amiable, compliant, Antonyms: different, dissimilar, distinct, diverse,
conciliatory, friendly, generous opposite, unlike, divergent
Antonyms: antagonistic, disagreeable, discontented, Sentence: The code also provides that the periods of
obstinate ownership and use do not have to be concurrent.
Sentence: William has always been complaisant when
it comes to work in the community. Condole: express sorrow

Compunction: remorse Synonyms: comfort, commiserate, console, pity, soothe
Synonyms: conscience, penitent, qualm, remorse Antonyms: be indifferent, turn away
Antonyms: defiance, meanness Sentence: I tried to condole my son after his favorite
Sentence: Defendant showed no remorse until he was hamster died.
caught, showed no regret, showed no moral
compunction at all. Conducive: helpful
Synonyms: contributive, promotive, useful
Compute: reckon Antonyms: adverse, discouraging, hindering,
Synonyms: calculate, count, enumerate, measure unfavorable, unhelpful
Antonyms: conjecture, guess, surmise, estimate Sentence: Protecting children from junk-food
Sentence: Why can’t the economist give a weighted marketing would help create conditions conducive to
graph when it can compute the unweighted graph? achieving a healthy weight.

Concatenate: link as in a chain Confiscate: Seize, Commandeer
(SSC S.O. 2004)
Synonyms: chain, connect, couple, integrate, join
Antonyms: disjoin, disperse, divide, part, separate Synonyms: Grab, catch, grapple
Sentence: There’s no need to concatenate; simply Antonyms: Give, offer, release
stand side by side. Sentence: They questioned me for a considerable
length of time, then confiscated the food items from
Concave: curved inwards me.
Synonyms: excavated, hollow, incurved, indented
Antonyms: convex, distended Congeal: freeze; coagulate
Sentence: The skull fragment also bore a concave Synonyms: clot, concrete, condense, gelatinize, harden

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amino acids, all of which his make-up artists lovingly Sentence: He had seen her, and lifted his hat in his
daub. debonair style.

Daunt: intimidate Decadence: decay; fall to a lower level

Synonyms: frighten, discourage, dishearten Synonyms: corruption, debasement, decline,
Antonyms: encourage, hearten degeneration, degradation, downfall
Sentence: Peril cannot daunt her, nor hardship and Antonyms: humility, morality
poverty appall her. Sentence: The decadence of family authority and
coherence due to this cause is indubitable.
Deadpan: with no show of feeling
Decapitate: behead
Synonyms: blank, impassive, serious, wooden Synonyms: chop off one’s head, execute
Antonyms: communicative, engaged, interested, Sentence: Sloppy net work can decapitate and de-
responsive wing dragonflies and butterflies.
Sentence: Grace is handsome and slender, with a
deadpan delivery and an aura of shrewdness. Decelerate: slow down

Dearth: scarcity Synonyms: brake, slow, check
Antonyms: accelerate, quicken, speed, propel, push
Synonyms: deficiency, famine, inadequacy, lack, Sentence: Decelerate and yield to any pedestrians
meagerness and traffic in the intersection
Antonyms: bountiful, copious, excess, surfeit, surplus, Deciduous: falling off at a specific season of leaves
abundance, adequacy, opulence,
Sentence: Astronomers had previously regarded our
sun as peculiar for its dearth of lithium.

Debacle: sudden disastrous downfall or defeat

(SSC CGL 2010) Synonyms: ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, fugitive,
Synonyms: collapse, disaster, downfall impermanent,
Antonyms: boon, miracle, wonder Antonyms: enduring, ethereal, lasting, lengthy, long-
Sentence: Indeed, the whole debacle has a tone of lived, permanent
collegial prankishness turned sour. Sentence: Deciduous trees, which lose their leaves
in autumn, shield your home from the sun in the
Debauch: corrupt morally; seduce from virtue summer.

Synonyms: bestial, brutalize, debase, defile Decimate: destroy or kill a large part of
Antonyms: clean, improve, purify, upgrade
Sentence: Printing money would worsen inflation, Synonyms: annihilate, butcher, execute, exterminate,
debauch the currency and bring a balance-of-payments massacre, obliterate, slaughter
crisis. Antonyms: patch, repair, create, invent, assemble
Sentence: Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the
Debilitate: Incapacitate settlers who followed only a few decades to
Synonyms: attenuate, enervate, undermine, weaken decimate these resources.
Antonyms: energize, invigorate, strengthen
Sentence: The illness debilitated her mentally and Declivity: downward slope
physically. Synonyms: declination, descent
Antonyms: acclivity, ascent, climb, raise, upgrade
Debonair: friendly, charming, and fashionably Sentence: Declivity winds should be renamed updraft
dressed deflection winds.

Synonyms: affable, buoyant, cheerful, courteous, Decorum: propriety; orderliness and good taste in
happy, jaunty manners; appropriateness of behavior or conduct
Antonyms: awkward, clumsy, inelegant

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shallow battle line Synonyms: aimless, haphazard, chaotic, orderless,
Synonyms: arrange, display unstable
Sentence: Forces with sophisticated weapons should Antonyms: methodical, organized, planned, systemic
be deployed on the border. Sentence: The desultory speech given by the teacher
was confusing.
Depose: dethrone; remove from office
Detrimental: harmful; damaging

Synonyms: dethrone, dismiss, displace Synonyms: injurious, adverse, bad, deleterious,
Sentence: The deposed king was replaced by his son, destructive
the prince. Antonyms: advantageous, beneficial, helpful, profitable
Sentence: Pirates and other visitors had a lasting,
Depravity: extreme corruption; wickedness detrimental effect on the environment.

Synonyms: contamination, criminality, debasement, Devise: think up
debauchery, degeneracy, degradation
Antonyms: good, honor, justice, morality, nobility, purity, Synonyms: invent, plan, consider, cogitate
uprightness, virtue Sentence: Learn about how to devise a plan that will
Sentence: The Government of India is unable to judge boost sales.
and check the depravity of leaders.
Dichotomy: division into two opposite parts; split;
Depredation: plundering; destruction branching into two parts (especially contradictory
ones)
Synonyms: burglary, pillage, plunder, ravaging, robbery, Synonyms: difference of opinion, disagreement,
Antonyms: boon, construction, goodness disunion, separation, split
Sentence: As the population continues to increase, Antonyms: combine, unite
slight increases in depredation are likely to occur. Sentence: The dichotomy of their opinions is as severe
Derelict: negligent; (of someone) neglectful of duty as black and white.

Synonyms: abandoned, disregardful, irresponsible, Didactic: intended to teach a moral lesson;
regardless, unreliable, untrustworthy instructional
Antonyms: careful, caring, improved, populated
Sentence: Ten years ago the original village was Synonyms: teaching, academic, advisory, edifying,
becoming a ghost town of derelict buildings and enlightening,
deserted dirt roads. Antonyms: uninstructive.
Sentence: In the opinion of many students, the
Despot: tyrant; authoritarian ruler professor’s didactic approach was too heavy.

Synonyms: Hitler, oppressor, tyrant, harsh Diabolical: devilish; fiendish
Sentence: Only the benevolent despot can rule the Synonyms: cruel, demoniac, evil, fiendish, heinous,
kingdom wihout protest. hellish, infernal
Antonyms: good, celestial, heavenly, benevolent,
Destitute: Wanting; poor benign, holy, saintly
Synonyms: bankrupt, deficient, needy, exhausted, Sentence: The wind seemed diabolical as it blew the
penurious, penniless trees close to the electric lines.
Antonyms: prosperous, rich, secure, wealthy
Sentence: His extravagant lifestyle after retiring left Dilapidated: in a bad condition; ruined because of
him destitute by the time he died. neglect

Desultory: Random Synonyms: damaged, decayed, decaying, decrepit,
derelict
Antonyms: fresh, new, spruce

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Antonyms: artless, ingenuous, undistorted, candid, Sentence: Millar has been able to watch the action in
open. the first week from a relatively dispassionate
Sentence: The invitation to come to their country estate viewpoint.
seemed disingenuous so she did not seriously consider
it. Disquietude: uneasiness; anxiety
Synonyms: anxiety, excitement, restlessness,
Disinter: dig up uneasiness, unrest
Synonyms: dig up, disentomb, expose, unearth Antonyms: calm, peace, quiet
Antonyms: bury, entomb, inhume, inter Sentence: He complains of severe pains in the head,
Sentence: I was told a story about human remains and general disquietude.
disinterred by archeologists working on a local
development. Dissipate: Expend, spend
Synonyms: waste, squander, lavish
Dislodge: remove (forcibly) Antonyms: accumulate, collect, gather, hoard
Sentence: The tiny amount of energy dissipated goes
Synonyms: dig out, disentangle, dislocate, displace, into heat, barely enough to warm your big toe.
eject, extricate, force out, remove
Antonyms: deposit, lodge, stick, wedge. Distraught: upset; distracted by anxiety
Sentence: Use your thumb to break open the spongy
pods along the seam and dislodge the beans inside. Synonyms: bothered, concerned, distracted, distress
Antonyms: calm, happy, pleased
Dismantle: take apart; disassemble Sentence: Just after accident she was found upset,
even distraught.
Synonyms: annihilate, decimate, demolish, destroy,
dismember Diverge: vary; go in different directions from the
Antonyms: assemble, build, combine, construct, put same point
together
Sentence: It took quite a few saw blades, but she had Synonyms: branch, bifurcate, deviate, depart
the car dismantled in no time. Antonyms: converge, join, parallel
Sentence:
Disparage: belittle Tell students that as part of evolution, species
Synonyms: defame, degrade, deject, denigrate, can converge and diverge over time.
derogate
Antonyms: blandish, glorify, flatter, favor, benefit, laud, Divulge: reveal
regard (SSC CGL 2012)
Sentence: The disparaging remarks hurt her feelings.
Disparate: basically different; impossible to compare Synonyms: disclose
Antonyms: conceal, hide, keep, secret
Synonyms: contrary, contrasting, discordant, Sentence: The murderer was arrested and compelled
dissimilar, distant, distinct, incompatible to divulge the reality.
Antonyms: alike, equal, same, similar
Sentence: Docile: easily managed
The meeting of disparate souls brings with Synonyms: obedient, submissive
it the inevitable apologyswap. Antonyms: inflexible, stubborn, unyielding,
Dispassionate: not influenced by personal feelings unmanageable
Sentence: The docile lion made the lion tamer’s job
too easy.

Doddering: shaky; infirm from old age

Synonyms: calm, impartial, composed Synonyms: quiver, shiver, sway, tremble
Antonyms: emotional, excited, partial, passionate Antonyms: fit, healthy, young

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Synonyms: adequacy, aptitude, competence, efficiency clear conlusion.
Antonyms: failure, inefficacy, inefficiency, Emaciated: very thin and malnourished
unproductiveness, uselessness, weaknes
Sentence: The efficacy of the solution that the scientist Synonyms: atrophy, attenuate, famished, gaunt
has provided can only be tested through a practical test. Antonyms: fast, heavy, plump
Sentence: Listening the woes of emaciated children
Effrontery: brazen, boldness was very painful.

Synonyms: audacity, gall, impudence, insolence Emancipate: to set free
Antonyms: manners, modesty, shame, shyness Synonyms: liberate, manumit, release, unfetter
Sentence: He had the effrontery to admit in front of Antonyms: hold, imprison, incarcerate
the entire class that he himself was the cause of the Sentence: The emancipation of women was quite
entire problem. pronounced in 20th century.

Effusive: to be very expensive, extrovert Emasculate: to weaken
Synonyms: alter, debilitate, deprive, mutilate
Synonyms: candid, communicative, expansive, profuse Antonyms: aid, assist, help
Antonyms: reserved, reticent, unfriendly, Sentence: The French socialist and communist
uninformative, unsociable literature was thus completely emasculated.
Sentence: He was effusive in her praise for the beauty.
Egalitarian: advocating full political and social equity Embargo: any legal restriction of commerce

for all people Synonyms: censorship, injunction, limitation, prohibition
Synonyms: dispassionate, equable, impartial, Antonyms: allow, permit
unprejudiced Sentence: The aim is to lift the embargo on purely
Antonyms: unequal, unlike, unmatched, variable civilian items.
Sentence: Mahatma Gandhi believed in an egalitarian
society. Embattled: in a condition of defence

Egregious: conspicuously bad, offensive Synonyms: active, aggressive, bellicose, combating
Sentence: It is not only church liberals who have felt
Synonyms: atrocious, adorable, heinous, nefarious embattled over recent decades.
Antonyms: minor, secondary, slight
Sentence: The way they made a mockery of that Embellish: to decorate something to make it
person was egregious. attractive

Egress: an exit, emergence, a path Synonyms: adorn, apparel, array, bedeck
Synonyms: departure, doorway, escape, exodus Antonyms: deface, mar, spoil, disfigure
Antonyms: entrance Sentence: Don't embellish the tale with the
Sentence: Water issued from the egress in the wall. superfluous

Elucidate: to make something clear Embezzle: to siphon off funds
Synonyms: annotate, clarify, exemplify, illuminate Synonyms: appropriate, filch, pilfer
Antonyms: obscure, mystify, ambiguous, confuse Antonyms: redeem, restitute, reimburse, compensate
Sentence: This book elucidates the history of India. Sentence: A warrant has been issued for his arrest
because he has allegedly embezzled 120 million rupees.
Elusive: evasive
Synonyms: ambiguous, baffling, deceptive, fraudulent Embroil: to involve in a quarrel
Antonyms: attracting, enticing Synonyms: confound, derange, entangle, implicate
Sentence: His elusive statements will not help us to a Antonyms: exclude, uncomplicate
Sentence: The two of them are soon embroiled with

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Antonyms: enduring, everlasting, permanent, perpetual Antonyms: common, familiar, known, obvious, public
Sentence: It is said that life is ephemeral. Sentence: Esoteric Buddhism examines various extant
Japanese two world mandalas.
Epicure: one who enjoys and has a discriminating
aste for fine food and drink Espouse: adopt, support
Synonyms: accept, advocate, champion, embrace
Synonyms: connoisseur, gastronome, gourmand, Antonyms: forsake, reject
hedonist Sentence: The teaching of Lord Krishna is espoused
Sentence: His daily living being very plain, he had a by all the Hindus.
peculiar taste for sudden and isolated luxuries; he was
an abstemious epicure. Ethereal: light; heavenly
Synonyms: aerial, celestial, exquisite, gossamer
Epitome: the best representative of something Antonyms: earthly, worldly
Sentence: Ethereal creature awakens, from softened
Synonyms: apotheosis, archetype, embodiment, clay.
exemplar
Antonyms: increment, expansion, lengthen, Eulogy: to praise highly
enlargement SSC CGL 2012)
Sentence: We regret that we can only give a brief
epitome of this interesting document. Synonyms: acclaim, celebrate, exalt, panegyric
Antonyms: calumny, condemnation, criticism
Epoch: a particular period of history Sentence: A brief eulogy had been produced before
Synonyms: era, interim, lifetime, span the PM arrived.
Sentence: His paper, published in 1847, marked an
epoch in the history of natural science. Evocative: to produce pleasant memories and
emotions
Equanimity: calm and balanced
Synonyms: aplomb, assurance, composure, detachment Synonyms: implicative, mnemonic, nostalgic, redolent
Antonyms: agitation, alarm, anxiety, upset, worry Antonyms: forgetful,oblivious
Sentence: Every sensation is contemplated in perfect Sentence: I felt that the title needed to become more
equanimity. evocative.
Exacerbate: to aggravate (pain, annoyance)
Equivocal: uncertain, doubtful
Synonyms: ambiguous, ambivalent, dubious, evasive Synonyms: annoy, enrage, exasperate, intensify
Antonyms: obvious, lucid clear, plain Antonyms: aid, comfort, help, soothe
Sentence: However, this evidence should not be Sentence: The speech of Kejariwal exacerbated the
considered equivocal. planning of Anna.

Erudite: learned Excoriate: to criticize severely in public
Synonyms: cultured, educated, scholastic
Antonyms: common, ignorant, uncultured, uneducated Synonyms: berate, castigate, censure, chastise
Sentence: Every body knows that Dr. Rajendra Prasad Antonyms: compliment, laud, praise
was an erudite. Sentence: The act of being indifferent to control price
rising is excoriated by all.
Eschew: avoid
Synonyms: abandon, abjure, abstain, evade Exhume: dig out of the ground
Antonyms: embrace, like, love
Sentence: He focuses on the kernel, and on code and Synonyms: disentomb, unearth
quality, and almost completely eschews politics. Antonyms: bury
Esoteric: understand only by a chosen few Sentence: I heard today that they’ve even exhumed
Synonyms: abstruse, cabalistic, inscrutable, obscure the body of pope john!

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Sentence: I’m sure you realized i was only being very Fecund: Productive
facetious. Synonyms: Prolific, generative, fertile
Antonyms: impotent, sterile, unfruitful, unproductive
Facile: not hard to do, effortless Sentence: Black soil is fecund for the growth of cotton.
Synonyms: accomplished, adept, adroit, dexterous
Antonyms: arduous, difficult, complicated, confusing, Felicity: Happiness, bliss
profound Synonyms: joy, rupture, euphoria, cheer
Sentence: It has been used here in a very facile Antonyms: grief, misery, sorrow
manner, very arrogantly. Sentence: The felicity of the occasion was contagious.

Factious: inclined to form factions Felony: A major crime such as murder etc.
Synonyms: alienated, hostile, insubordinate, mutinous
Antonyms: cooperative, peaceful, united Synonyms: misdemeanor, wrongdoing, offence
Sentence: The legislative body of the congress was Sentence: Felony deserves capital punishment.
perpetually unable to accomplish much due to the
factious political nature of its members. Feral: wild and undomesticated
Factitious: not genuine, produced by human rather Synonyms: savage, barbarous
Antonyms: domestic, gentle
than natural forces Sentence: Whenever you give the cubs food they
Synonyms: artificial, counterfeit, fraudulent, spurious, become very feral.
specious
Antonyms: actual, genuine, real Ferret: To search and drive out
Sentence: The girl, who was of guilty of copying, had Synonyms: rummage, forage, ransack, explore
a factitious smile on her face when asked about it. Sentence: They are ferreted out of that cache.

Fallacious: misleading, equivocating Fervent: ardent, hot
Synonyms: erroneous, inaccurate, deceptive, specious (SSC CGL 2010)
Antonyms: correct, accurate, precise, unerring,
flawless Synonyms: impassioned, vehement, profound, fanatical
Sentence: Fallacious belief that one can separate Antonyms: cool, discouraged, impassive, uncaring
moral issues from economic ones. Sentence: She wished fervently that he would be
beside her at this very moment.
Fallow: uncultivated
Synonyms: unploughed, untilled, virgin Fervid:
Antonyms: cultivated, developed Synonyms: fervent, vehement, avid
Sentence: They are used on land, which would be Antonyms: half-hearted
otherwise being left fallow. Sentence: His fervid enthusiasm for work resulted in
his rapid growth in the organization.
Fatuous: very silly
Synonyms: stupid, inane, imbecilic, asinine, infantile Fetid: Stinking
Antonyms: aware, bright, intelligent, keen, smart Synonyms: malodorous, reeking, pungent, noxious
Sentence: Then he turned his own rather fatuous face Antonyms: aromatic, clean, f ragrant
to the company. Sentence: Any wound if not taken care of may become
Fawning: courting favour by cringing and flattering fetid.

Synonyms: obsequious, servile, sycophantic, Fetter: To confine, to put in chains
ingratiating, unctuous Synonyms: shackle, manacle, handcuff, tether
Antonyms: ignore, criticize Antonyms: free, loose, release
Sentence: The king always had a lot of people in his Sentence: I am not fettered by adoration of your travel
court who could be just passed off aas fawning admires. plans.

Fiat: A command

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Antonyms: agreeable, happy, nice, complaisant Synonyms: confuse, distort, jumble
Sentence: Differences feel that things are getting a Antonyms: clear, plain, straight
bit fractious. Sentence: When he is nervous, his speech becomes
garbled.
Fulminate: To criticize very angrily
Gargantuan: huge
Synonyms: protest, rail, inveigh, thunder Synonyms: big, colossal, enormous, giant, gigantic,
Antonyms: compliment, defend, flatter, praise, support mammoth, massive
Sentence: People are compelled to fulminate the Antonyms: small, little, puny, dwarf
government for not checking price rising. Sentence: Three decades on, he does pretty much the
Fulsome: Exaggerated or excessive same thing, but on a gargantuan scale.
Synonyms: profuse, liberal, overdone
Antonyms: reasonable, sincere Garnish: decorate; add a garnish to
Sentence: He is in the habit of paying fulsome
compliments. (SSC Auditor 2005)
Synonyms: adornment, ornament
Furbish: To renovate Antonyms: deface, deform, disfigure, mar, spoil
Synonyms: furnish, equip Sentence: The garnish on the plate was really quite
Antonyms: spoil artistic in its arrangement.
Sentence: The old temple is being furbished for the
upcoming festivals. Garrulous: talkative
(SSC CGL 2012)
Furtive: Secretive and sly
Synonyms: stealthy, secret, clandestine, covert, sneaky, Synonyms: loquacious, wordy, prattle, gossipy, chatty.
surreptitious Antonyms: concise, reserved, silent, taciturn,
Antonyms: open, frank, candid, direct untalkative
Sentence: At social gatherings she’s always lurking Sentence: Philosophers are a garrulous and
on the edge of the proceedings looking slightly furtive. argumentative species.

G Gauche: clumsy (in social behavior); coarse and
uncouth
Gaffe: social blunder
Synonyms: faux pas, mistake, solecism, peccadillo Synonyms: awkward, crude, graceless, ill-mannered
Antonyms: manners, civility Antonyms: elegant, graceful, mannerly, polished,
Sentence: Perry vows to stay in campaign after debate refined, sophisticated
gaffe. Sentence: It was considered quite gauche to talk during
the symphony concert.
Gainsay: to declare untrue or invalid
Synonyms: opposed, contradict, refute, combat, negate, Gavel: hammer like tool
deny
Antonyms: agree, concur Synonyms: hammer, mallet
Sentence: During the debate, one speaker tried to Sentence: The judge rapped the gavel to gain order
gainsay the opponent about each statement made about in the court.
the topic.
Genesis: beginning; origin
Gamut: Entire range Synonyms: birth, commencement, generation,
Synonyms: area, diapason, scale, spectrum inception, opening, origin
Sentence: Dinkar depicts the gamut of human Antonyms: cessation, closure, stop, termination,
emotions in his poem. conclusion, end
Sentence: The genesis of most poet’s poems lies in
Garbled: mixed up their own emotions.

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nonviscous. gratis.
Sentence: Bread dough can become a glutinous mass Grievance: cause of complaint
if you are not careful while kneading it.
Gnarled: twisted Synonyms: affliction, distress, grief
Synonyms: bent, contorted, crooked, deformed, Antonyms: compliment, flattery, praise
distorted Sentence: To have a grievance is to have a purpose
Antonyms: straight, unbent, untwisted in life
Sentence: The other painting showed a gnarled tree
standing on the precipice in a rugged canyon. Grimace: facial distortion to show feeling such as
pain
Gnome: underground spirit who guards treasure
hoards Synonyms: frown, smile, smirk
Antonyms: grin, laugh, smile.
Synonyms: dwarf Sentence: Realizing the mistake, he made a mock
Antonyms: giant grimace, and an aide pointed the way.
Sentence: Most of these small gardens are beautifully
kept and the garden gnome has pride of place. Grisly: ghastly; horrifying
Synonyms: appalling, dreadful, frightful
Gourmet: connoisseur of food and drink Antonyms: nice, pleasing, pretty
Sentence: So far there have been four such
Synonyms: epicure, connoisseur grisly killings and nine people have been arrested.
Antonyms: glutton, gorger, overeater, stuffer
Sentence: He considered himself a gourmet chef Grotesque: fantastic; comically hideous
because he could make some very fancy pastry
desserts. (SSC CGL 2010)
Synonyms: abnormal, absurd, bizarre, eerie
Grandiloquent: using high sounding language Antonyms: beautiful, nice, pretty, shapely
Sentence: While these tumors can appear grotesque,
Synonyms: pompous, bombastic, inflated not all are malignant.
Sentence: He talks in a grandiloquent and boastful
manner. Grouse: complain

Grapple: wrestle; come to grips with Synonyms: fuss, grumble, grouch
Antonyms: applaud, approve, praise
Synonyms: attack, battle, combat, encounter Sentence: Hunters speak of harvesting deer or ducks
Antonyms: release, concord, harmony, peace. or grouse or rabbits.
Sentence: They never grapple with ideas, or try new
ways of doing things Gruff: rough-mannered; (of a voice) rough

Gratify: please; satisfy (SSC Auditor 2011)
Synonyms: blunt, boorish, churlish, crude,
Synonyms: appease Antonyms: even-tempered, happy, nice, polite
Antonyms: dissatisfy, annoy Sentence: Parents must not use a gruff language with
Sentence: Students were never satisfied with the their kids.
teacher because he never gratified them.
Gratis: free; without charge Guffaw: boisterous laughter
Synonyms: complimentary, free of charge, gratuitous Synonyms: laughter
Antonyms: costly, expensive, high-priced Antonyms: cry, groan, moan, sob
Sentence: The orphans were allowed in the theatre Sentence: The night is filled with laughter and the

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Sentence: People become house builders through Sentence: Such a brutal and heinous crime deserves
building houses, harp players through playing the harp. the maximum prison sentence.

Harrowing: agonizing; traumatic Hermetic: sealed by fusion so as to be airtight
Synonyms: distressing, alarming, disturbing, painful
Antonyms: calming, pleasant, unfrightening Synonyms: airtight, impervious, sealed, shut, tight
Sentence: Being stranded outdoors when lightning is Sentence: Hermetic storage bags are commercially
striking nearby is a harrowing experience. available that when sealed are impervious to gas
exchange.
Harry: torment (by repeated attacks)
Heterodox: (of beliefs) against accepted opinion

Synonyms: harass, annoy, attack Synonyms: unorthodox, unconventional, iconoclastic,
Antonyms: aid, assist, help, support skeptical
Sentence: We use mounted raids to harry the enemy. Antonyms: customary, normal, standard, usual
Sentence: People belonging to that church were able
Hazardous: dangerous to bring up heterodox opinions to be discussed among
the other members.
Synonyms: precarious, risky, uncertain,
Antonyms: certain, guarded, protected, safe, secure Heterogeneous: consisting of dissimilar elements
Sentence: These verses may be hazardous to your or plants
solemnity.
Synonyms: dissimilar, mixed, discordant, disparate
Hazy: slightly obscure Antonyms: homogeneous, identical, pure, uniform
Synonyms: misty, clear, bleary, blurred, clouded, dim, Sentence: The supporters of that candidate were very
dull, dusky, faint heterogeneous.
Antonyms: clear, sunny, uncloudy, unhazy
Sentence: Evolutionary biology is a hazy, sketchy Heyday: time of greatest success or power
science indeed.
Heckler: person who verbally harasses others Synonyms: acme, culmination, high point, peak,
pinnacle, prime
Synonyms: agitator, dissident, militant, radical, rebel, Antonyms: low point
revolutionist Sentence: The heyday of his business brought great
Antonyms: cheer, encourage, help, promote, support pleasure to him and his family.
Sentence: It is rude to heckle a speaker during a
debate. Hiatus: gap or interruption in space or time; break

Heedless: not noticing; disregarding Synonyms: gap, pause, interim, interval
Synonyms: disregardful, inattentive, incautious, Antonyms: continuity
inconsiderate Sentence: They took a brief hiatus during the
Antonyms: attentive, careful, caring, cautious, conference to discuss an important side issue.
thoughtful
Sentence: We loved the heedless risk, the show’s Hibernate: sleep throughout the winter
musk of comic danger.
Synonyms: hide, lay torpid, sleep, vegetate
Heinous: hatefully bad Antonyms: grow, strengthen
Synonyms: atrocious, wicked, abhorrent, abominable, Sentence: Many kinds of creatures hibernate for the
execrable winter, grizzly bears being the most well-known.
Antonyms: glorious, good, lovely, magnificent, Hirsute: hairy; having a lot of hair
wonderful Synonyms: disordered, feathery, hairy, leafy
Antonyms: bald, neat

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her hair while she reads. Impair: To weaken
Synonyms: diminish, deteriorate, decompose, worsen
Ignominious: disgraceful Antonyms: restore, revive, resurrect, repair
(SSC CGL 2012) Sentence: A dwelling only occupied by a severely
mentally impaired person or persons.
Synonyms: shameful, dishonourable, scandulous
Antonyms: dignified, distinguished, creditable, stately Impart: To grant
Sentence: I should have come to very ignominious Synonyms: divulge, bestow, inform, convey
grief without it. Antonyms: withhold, conceal, suppress, deny
Sentence: Plasma events resulting in redistribution of
Imaginary: Fanciful, unreal magnetic energy also impart energy to the ions.
Synonyms: illusory, visionary, insubstantial, subjective
Antonyms: factual, tangible, genuine, evident Impartial: Fair
Sentence: Any colors seen in films or in books are Synonyms: just, unbiased, equitable, evenhanded
purely imaginary. Antonyms: prejudiced, biased, unjust, inequitable
Sentence: We do not sell anything so can keep totally
Imbecile: Feebleness of mind impartial.
Synonyms: weak, senile, feeble, unsound
Antonyms: sane, sagacious, astute, wise Impediment: Hindrance
Sentence: Imbecile staff picks on the weak and ignore Synonyms: hurdle, obstruction, retardation
everyone else. Antonyms: assistance, concurrence, deliverance, aid
Sentence: He has a serious speech impediment,
Immaculate: Flawless which has, on the evidence, blighted his life.
Synonyms: unsullied, spotless, untarnished, untainted
Antonyms: defiled, tarnished, obscene, profane Impertinent: Disrespectful; rude
Sentence: Protecting your car from the weather as (SSC CGL 2012, Auditor 2003)
much as possible will ensure it remains immaculate.
Synonyms: brazen, impudent, insolent
Immense: Large Antonyms: nice, polite, respectful, mannered, kind
Synonyms: huge, enormous, gigantic, colossal Sentence: The student was sent to detention for his
Antonyms: puny, insignificant, paltry, trifling impertinent behavior towards his teachers.
Sentence: This site is absolutely immense and
beautifully laid out. Impetuous: Rash
Synonyms: violent, impulsive, imprudence, indiscretion
Immerse: To dip under water Antonyms: considerate, composed, discretion,
Synonyms: submerge, involve, descend, drown prudence
Antonyms: emerge, uncover, restore, recover Sentence: Impetuous man, quick in his decisions.
Sentence: Leaves can be completely immersed in
water. Impious: Profane
Synonyms: irreligious, unholy, irreverent, hypocritical
Imminent: Impending Antonyms: pious, devout, spiritual, venerate
Synonyms: brewing, overhanging, approaching Sentence: The congregation was offended by her
Antonyms: distant, receding, retreating, withdrawing impious remarks.
Sentence: By the end of the month, military action
appeared imminent. Impudence: Shameless, immodesty
(SSC CGL 2012)
Immunity: Exemption
Synonyms: prerogative, privilege, exemption, non- Synonyms: sauciness, impertinence, insolence,
liability arrogance
Antonyms: blame, censure, prescription, interdiction Antonyms: submissiveness, modesty, humility,
Sentence: Immunity from punishment was secured meekness
through the absence of local law. Sentence: Is not that the very man frank had the

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Sentence: The government should always take Antonyms: extraneous, incidental, extrinsic, derived
innocuous decision for public. Sentence: Such activities are considered intrinsic to
the production of fossil fuels.
Inquisitive: Curious
(SSC Auditor 2005) Intrigue: An illicit or secret love affair
Synonyms: scheme, conspiracy, manipulation,
Synonyms: inquiring, curious, searching, studious counterplot
Antonyms: distracted, negligent, indifferent, impassive Antonyms: candor, sincerity, bluntness, honesty
Sentence: An inquisitive learner learns much. Sentence: The princess & the piper a splendid story
of love and royal intrigue at the palace of king
Insidious: Machiavellian kafoozalum.
Synonyms: Artful, astute, crafting, cunning, deceptive,
disingenuous, treacherous Intricate: Involved
Antonyms: honest, fair, open, sincere, frank Synonyms: tangled, complicated, formidable, arduous
Sentence: The stalker was insidious in his attempts Antonyms: regulated, orderly, manageable, ductile
to reach his victim and outwit the police. Sentence: The natural progression was for them to
become intricate.
Insinuate: To introduce gently and adroitly
Intrepid: Without fear
Synonyms: communicate, allude, hint, suggest (SSC CGL 2011)
Antonyms: conceal, camouflage, suppress, mask
Sentence: The reporter insinuated the police and the Synonyms: brave, courageous, valorous, chivalrous
criminal was arrested. Antonyms: scared, frightened, timid, cowardly
Sentence: Columbus was an intrepid explorer,
Insipid: Tasteless showing his endurance, resolute fearlessness and
Synonyms: vapid, savourless, unflavoured fortitude.
Antonyms: delicious, luscious, pungent, piquant
Sentence: Generally insipid food is served in that Invective: Coarse language
hotel. Synonyms: accusation, censure, malediction,
denunciation
Insolvent: Bankrupt Antonyms: approval, acclamation, admiration,
Synonyms: indigent, destitute, bankrupt, defaulter approbation
Antonyms: wealthy, solvent, affluent, substantial Sentence: After a normal talk, both the friends became
Sentence: The difficulty arises because as i have invective.
described above, a large number of ship owners are
now insolvent. Invidious: Hateful
Synonyms: abominable, detestable, envious, jealous
Intimidate: To make afraid, to cow Antonyms: Friendly, lovable, polite
Synonyms: frighten, dictate, hopeless, irresolute Sentence: Please do not be invidious, but I am
Antonyms: console, encourage, appease, hearten intransigent and taciturn to substantiate this question.
Sentence: They also continued their attempts to
physically intimidate the united side with their play. Invincible: Insuperable
(SSC CGL 2011)
Intricate: Complicated
Synonyms: Abstruse, complex, entangled, labyrinthine, Synonyms: unconquerable, impregnable, unbeatable
obscure Antonyms: effeminate, languid, crippled, fragile
Antonyms: Direct, simple, easy Sentence: The victors would have felt invincible, the
Sentence: Sarah’s skills in sewing were demonstrated victims would have shaken their fists at the fates.
in the intricate needlework displayed on the quilt.
Irrepressible: That cannot be repressed
Intrinsic: Internal Synonyms: irresistible, unconfined, unhindered,
Synonyms: genuine, fundamental, inherent, congenital unshackled

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Synonyms: rogue, scoundrel, dishonest, vagabond Antonyms: quicken, accelerate, expedite, spurt
Antonyms: paragon, innocent, benefactor, idealist Sentence: For instance, the slight response lag with
Sentence: The person who drew up the agreement is wireless mice can be a problem for gamers.
either a great knave or a great fool.
Lagoon: Shallow body of water near a sea
Knead: mix, work dough Synonyms: gulf, pool, pond
Synonyms: blend, squeeze Sentence: Each island is surrounded by a reef
Sentence: Lightly knead each piece into a ball, then enclosing a shallow lagoon.
flatten it with the palm of your hand.
Lament: Grieve, express sorrow
Knoll: little, round hill (SSC Auditor 2001)
Synonyms: cliff, inclination
Antonyms: flat, low ground Synonyms: grieve, deplore, regret, bemoan
Sentence: In late afternoon, we climb to a rocky knoll Antonyms: amuse, entertain, enliven, solace
above the town to enjoy an exquisite sunset on the lake. Sentence: How long will your bitter lament grieve
your lord who weeps?
Knotty: Tangled
Synonyms: intricate, difficult, complicated, arduous, Lampoon: Ridicule
onerous Synonyms: burlesque, caricature
Antonyms: simple, manageable, tractable, flexible Sentence: I can neither lampoon, sing in tune; much
Sentence: Short-term funding and lack of full cost less can I intone.
recovery are particularly knotty problems.
Languid: Drooping, listless
Kudos: honour Synonyms: pensive, lethargic, exhausted, fatigued,
Synonyms: praise, acclaim, glory lackadaisical
Antonyms: blame, criticism Antonyms: lively, animated, refreshed, restored
Sentence: The test team, along with the live team, Sentence: They’re too similar in mood, both very
gets a huge kudos from me for that. languid and dreamy.

L Larceny: Theft
Synonyms: burglary, crime, steal, pilfering
Labile: Likely to change Antonyms: pay, return, give
Synonyms: unbalanced Sentence: It is always grand larceny, never petty.
Antonyms: balance, equilibrium
Sentence: As with most enveloped viruses, the particle Lassitude: Lethargy
is relatively labile. Synonyms: languor, tiredness, weariness
Antonyms: vivacity, agility, animate, lively
Labyrinth: Maze, complexity Sentence: Earlier this year he fell prey to a general
Synonyms: intricacy, perplexity, complication lassitude.
Antonyms: clarity, simplicity
Sentence: The older is the Cretan labyrinth, whose Laudable: Admirable
classical form has seven circuits. Synonyms: deserving, honorable, praiseworthy,
acceptable
Laconic: brief and to the point Antonyms: vicious, blame, worthy, venomous,
Synonyms: brief, condensed, concise, compact condemnable
Antonyms: dilated, profused, diffuse, wordy, prolix Sentence: This has the entirely laudable aim of
Sentence: A full and suitably laconic report of events preventing the genocide of any group.
will follow in March.
Lavish: Splendid
Lag: Move slowly, delay Synonyms: abundant, excessive, profuse, extravagant
Synonyms: retard, falter, linger, dawdle Antonyms: scarce, deficient, frugal, conserve, scanty
Sentence: It bestowed the honor of a very lavish

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Synonyms: gloomy, pensive, sad, sorrowful Synonyms: benevolent, charitable, munificent, generous
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, encouraged Antonyms: greedy, malevolent, selfish, unkind
Sentence: After accident of the train there was nothing Sentence: The magnanimous king was generous and
but lugubrious voice every where. fair to all of his subjects, making sure that their troubles
were resolved and their needs were met.
Luminous: Shining, issuing light
Synonyms: illuminated, incandescent Malign: Hurtful; injurious
Antonyms: dark, dim, dull, gloomy Synonyms: baneful, deleterious, detrimental, noxious
Sentence: It is celebrated by making the place Antonyms: benign, helpful, aiding
luminous by arranging lights and burning the crackers. Sentence: The fashion industry is one of the sectors
so often maligned because of the manufacturing
Lunacy: Craziness, madness choices that design houses make.
Synonyms: delusion, insanity, madness, imbecility
Antonyms: normalcy, sanity, sagacity, shrewdness Masticate: Chew
Sentence: How can a simple man compete against Synonyms: grind, crunch, munch
such inspired lunacy? Sentence: Youngesters are generally found
masticating chilgum.
Luscious: Delectable, delicious
Synonyms: palatable, delicious, delectable, delightful Maudlin: Effusively sentimental
Antonyms: unsavoury, tart, sharp, sour Synonyms: befuddled, confused
Sentence: I shall have to be on my guard as the broccoli Antonyms: calm, indifferent
is looking luscious. Sentence: This play maybe sad in tone, but is never
maudlin or cynical.
Luxuriant: Profuse
(SSC CGL 2010) Maverick: Rebel
Synonyms: nonconformist
Synonyms: abundant, dense, plentiful Antonyms: conformist, obeying
Antonyms: scanty, meager, inadequate, deficient Sentence: There are, however, a few mavericks in
Sentence: At the time of which we write, the vegetation each box or items which would be better placed
of the isle was not very luxuriant. elsewhere.

M Meddle: Intervene
Synonyms: interfere, invade, trespass
Macabre: Gruesome, grisly Antonyms: bring together, join, unite
Synonyms: dreadful, frightening, ghastly, horrible Sentence: The lady liked to meddle in other people’s
Antonyms: common, living, normal, pleasant, delightful business.
Sentence: I have a very dark and sometimes macabre
sense of humor. Meek: Shy
Synonyms: Docile, humble, soft, weak, modest
Machiavellian: Crafty, double-dealing Antonyms: impertinent, aggressive, bold, brave,
Synonyms: artful, cunning, deceitful, shrewd confident
Antonyms: gullible, kind, naive, honest Sentence: The dad appeared to be meek in demeanor
Sentence: He resorted to Machiavellian tactics in until the discussion of bedtime arose.
order to get the job ahead of his adversaries.
Melodious: Sweet sounding
Maculated: Spotted Synonyms: dulcet, musical, harmonious, sweet
Synonyms: Mottled, stained, dirty Antonyms: grating, dissonant, discordant, rancor
Antonyms: clean Sentence: The bells were difficult to ring and not very
Sentence: The pompous young poet sang of the former melodious.
premier’s maculated brow.
Mendacious: Dishonest
Magnanimous: Kind hearted

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Sentence: Parades can be fun, but too much parading Mutinous: rebellious
can make festivity look monotonous. Synonyms: recalcitrant, insurgent, unruly, revolutionary
Antonyms: submissive, faithful, complaint, loyal
Morbid: Given to unwholesome thought Sentence: During the journey some of the other
Synonyms: diseased, dreadful, depressed convicts on board became mutinous.
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, pleased, healthy
Sentence: What might sound merely morbid is actually Mutual: Shared, common
strangely beautiful. Synonyms: joint, identical, correlative, reciprocal
Antonyms: separate, distinct, divergent, individual
Morose: Depressed, pessimistic Sentence: Mutual respect, on both sides, will remove
Synonyms: dolorous, mournful, gloomy, melancholy
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, optimistic cultural fears.
Sentence: He created that depressing painting during
his morose period. N

Multitude: Large group Nascent: Incipient, coming into being
Synonyms: crowd, throng, mass, swarm Synonyms: basic, fundamental, start, initial
Antonyms: minority, handful, paucity, scarcity Antonyms: grown, mature, developed
Sentence: The whole mural is surrounded by a Sentence: Nascent entrepreneurs for you to mentor
multitude of colorful flags. who will also provide feedback on your coaching skills.

Mundane: Ordinary Nasty: Disgusting
Synonyms: banal, commonplace, routine, trite Synonyms: offensive, defiled, malevolent, malignant
Antonyms: Exciting, extraordinary, wonderful, Antonyms: pleasing, gratifying, benevolent, attractive
supernatural, heavenly Sentence: My only criticism is that the artwork looks
Sentence: Listening to music makes mundane tasks a bit nasty.
more bearable.
Native: Innate, inherent
Munificent: Giving, generous Synonyms: original, vernacular, indigenous, aboriginal
Synonyms: liberal, hospitable, benevolent, kind Antonyms: alien, extraneous, exotic, foreign
Antonyms: frugal, penurious, moderate, economical Sentence: These trees are referred to as non native,
Sentence: Munificent donors previously mentioned, or aliens.
the south wing has been called the Brooke wing.
Nauseous: Distasteful
Murky: Gloomy, obscure Synonyms: unsavoury, loathsome, abominable, repellent
Synonyms: dusky, dreary, dismal, bleak Antonyms: commendable, worthy, benevolent,
Antonyms: bright, shining, luminous, radiant inoffensive
Sentence: The water of river yamuna has become Sentence: I believe at the time it made me feel a little
murky nauseous.

Muster: Gather, assemble Nebulous: Vague, cloudy
Synonyms: aggregation, collection, group Synonyms: hazy, murky, unclear
Antonyms: division, separation Antonyms: clear, plain
Sentence: Muster the courage to read the book Sentence: Yet there is a broadening range of sites in
anyway. what is still new, and so nebulous, ground.

Mutilate: Maim; damage Nefarious: Bad, sinful
Synonyms: dismember, vandalize Synonyms: detestable, atrocious, heinous, unlawful
Antonyms: fix, repair, mend Antonyms: commendable, worthy, upright, inoffensive
Sentence: The mass murderer mutilated his victims Sentence: It has a single drawback, it is somewhat
by cutting their faces once they were dead. nefarious.

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Obligatory: binding, required Synonyms: outworn, archaic, antiquated
Synonyms: compulsory, binding, mandatory, necessary Antonyms: modern, novel, vogue, contemporary,
Antonyms: voluntary, nonessential renovated
Sentence: English is obligatory in almost all Sentence: The medium may become obsolete with a
competitive examinations. few years.

Obliterate: destroy completely Obstinate: Stubborn, hard to control or treat
Synonyms: annihilate, delete, erase, eradicate, Synonyms: stubborn, resolute, unyielding, obdurate
expunge, eliminate Antonyms: submissive, obedient, amenable, pliable
Antonyms: build, construct, create Sentence: They were quite obstinate in their opinions
Sentence: Beyond here the canal has been completely so most of the people shun them.
obliterated by open cast mining.
Obstreperous: Noisy
Oblivion: obscurity, forgetfulness Synonyms: boisterous, clamorous, vociferous
Synonyms: neglect, indifference, disregard Antonyms: calm, quiet, silent
Antonyms: awareness, consciousness Sentence: If they become obstreperous they often
Sentence: We were anchored at the foot of the division need several people to control them.
facing oblivion.
Occlude: Shut
Obloquy: slander, disgrace, infamy Synonyms: close, hinder, block, prevent
Synonyms: calumny, aspersion, censure Antonyms: allow, help, permit
Antonyms: calmness, praise Sentence: The way has been occluded due to strike.
Sentence: The passion for wealth gives a kind of
spurious courage to face obloquy. Occult: Mysterious
(SSC T.A. 2004)
Obnoxious: offensive
Synonyms: pernicious, detestable, abhorrent Synonyms: latent, ambiguous, esoteric, elusive
Antonyms: attractive, gratifying, beneficial, desirable Antonyms: intelligible, transparent, fathomable,
Sentence: I’m not usually, just to the idiots who pretend scrutable
to be drunk and are so obnoxious. Sentence: He who studies the occult, studies all the
deepest mysteries of existence and nature.
Obscure: Not easily understood
Synonyms: abstruse, ambiguous, vague, unclear Ominous: Threatening.
Antonyms: apparent, clear, explicit Synonyms: threatening, inauspicious, forebode,
Sentence: His explanation of the problem was so menacing
obscure that no one understood it. Antonyms: consoling, auspicious, propitious,
comforting
Obsequious: Sycophant Sentence: New ways of working for social work
Synonyms: servile, flattering, toadying sounds ominous.
Antonyms: disinterested, proud, arrogant
Sentence: He was so obsequious when the boss was Omniscient: All knowing
present, that his co-workers shunned him in disgrace. Synonyms: Almighty
Synonyms: Ignorant
Obsidian: black volcanic rock Sentence: I’m not omniscient, you need to tell me
Synonyms: dark, murky how you are feeling if you want me to know.
Antonyms: while
Sentence: I spent ages staring out of my window at Onerous: Burdensome
the glassy, obsidian, black example I borrowed last Synonyms: arduous, troublesome, inconvenient,
week. formidable
Antonyms: facile, agreeable, flexible, uncomplicated
Obsolete: outdated Sentence: Their strategic, social, economic, and political

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Pandemic: A disease that spread over a whole Parlance: Manner of speaking or writing
region; wide spread Synonyms: Jargon, phraseology
Sentence: Under the communist, local councils
Synonyms: Rampant, pervasive became, in official parlance, ‘agencies of the state
Antonyms: limited, controlled authority’.
Sentence: A pandemic of the Spanish flu claimed
nearly 22 million lives worldwide. Parley: Discussion
Synonyms: Consult, negotiate, deliberate
Pander: to cater to the low desire of others Sentence: Though the problem appears
insurmountable, I am sure that parleys can through up
Synonyms: Gratify, indulge some idea.
Antonyms: deny, refuse, satisfy
Sentence: He said that government had pandered to Parochial: Narrow in outlook
the terrorists demands for too long. Synonyms: myopic, insular, sectional, narrow minded,
restricted
Panoply: A complete and magnificent array Antonyms: broad, liberal
Sentence: They need to be better informed and less
Synonyms: Range, regalia parochial in their thinking.
Sentence: The panoply of Maharana Pratap contains
a shield that weighs around 20 kgs! Paroxysm: Sudden outburst as of laughter, rage
Paragon: Model of perfection or excellence
Synonyms: spasm, convulsion, outburst
Synonyms: Epitome, exemplar, nonpareil, quintessence Sentence: Later the same day, he exploded in a
Sentence: We don’t expect all the candidates to be paroxysm of rage, which continued for half an hour.
paragon of virtue.
Parry: To ward off, avoid
Paramour: A lover especially in an adulterous Synonyms: Fend off, stave off, rebuff
relationship Antonyms: deal with, face, meet
Sentence: She parried all questions about their
Synonyms: mistress, illicit lover relationship.
Sentence: When Prince Charles wed his long time
paramour, it generated a considerable fus. Parsimonious: To be very stingy
Synonyms: Miserly, niggardly, penurious
Paraphernalia: Collection of articles, stuff Antonyms: generous, lavish, liberal
Sentence: Mr. Scrooge is so parsimonious that he
Synonyms: accoutrements, accessories, odds and ends did not contribute even a penny to the Christmas charity
Sentence: Get rid of all cigarettes and ashtrays and collection.
other paraphernalia associated with smoking.
Passé: Out of date; old fashioned
Pariah: Person rejected by others, outcast Synonyms: archaic, obsolescent, antiquated, defunct
Antonyms: current, fashionable, modern, new
Synonyms: untouchable, leper Sentence: Her ideas on clothes are distinctly passé.
Sentence: For many years the country was treated as
a pariah by western governments. Paucity: Scarcity, dearth
(SSC CGL 2010)
Parity: Equality
Synonyms: uniformity, consistency Synonyms: meagerness, paltriness, scantiness
Antonyms: dissimilitude, inequality, imbalance Antonyms: abundance, affluence, plenty
Sentence: The Open University students are at parity Sentence: There is no paucity of natural resources in
with the state university students in terms of academic India
standards. Peculation: Misappropriation of public funds

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Phlegmatic: A calm, sluggish temperament Poignancy: Quality that affects deeply and makes
Synonyms: calm, impassive, composed, serene one feel very sad
Antonyms: agitated, annoyed, excited (SSC CGL 2011)
Sentence: He is a men of phlegmatic attitude.
Synonyms: pathos, piteousness, misery
Physiognomy: Facial features Antonyms: cheer, glee, happiness, joy
Synonyms: countenance, face, outlook. Sentence: After train accident the poignancy of the
Sentence: He was fascinated by her physiognomy; scene was unexplainabul.
the prominent nose, brooding eyes and thick hair.
Polemic: Argumentation
Pinnacle: peak, zenith, summit Synonyms: debate, contention, discussion
Synonyms: crest, apex, vertex Antonyms: accord, harmony, agreement
Antonyms: base, bottom, nadir Sentence: The book is both a history and a passionate
Sentence: John major has reached the pinnacle of his polemic for tolerance.
political career.
Poltroon: Coward
Placate: To appease, pacify, mollify Synonyms: craven, sissy, henpecked
Synonyms: soothe, conciliate, propitiate Antonyms: brave
Antonyms: agitate, upset, worry Sentence: He was labeled a poltroon since he refused
Sentence: He smiled, and made a gesture intended to to go out in the dark on his own.
placate me.
Ponderous: Moving heavily and slowly
Plaintive: Mournful, sad
Synonyms: wistful, doleful, melancholy, pitiful, piteous Synonyms: lumbering, cumbersome, graceless
Antonyms: cheerful, happy Antonyms: airy, buoyant, delicate, light
Sentence: The plaintive cry was heard by all. Sentence: She watched the cow’s ponderous
progress.
Plenary: Full, complete
Synonyms: unconditional, comprehensive, Pragmatic: Practical
plenipotentiary, sweeping (SSC CGL 2010)
Antonyms: incomplete, limited, partial
Sentence: The council has plenary powers to Synonyms: Realistic, logical, expedient
administer the agreement. Antonyms: idealistic, unreasonable
Sentence: The Company took a pragmatic decision
Plentitude: Abundance, plenty based on local conditions.
Synonyms: profusion, plethora, cornucopia
Antonyms: insufficiency, need, lack, want Precarious: Dependent upon chance, risky
Sentence: The music brought him a feeling of
plentitude and freedom. (SSC CGL 2010)
Synonyms: uncertain, insecure, hazardous, perilous
Pliable: Easily bent or molded, flexible Antonyms: assured, undeniable, reliable, substantial
Synonyms: pliant, supple Sentence: The world is a precarious and an unstable
Antonyms: defiant, adamant, rigid, obdurate place.
Sentence: As babies grow bigger their bones become
less pliable. Precocious: Showing premature development

Plummet: To fall suddenly Synonyms: gifted, talented
Synonyms: tumble, plunge, nosedive Sentence: She burst on the world tennis scene as a
Antonyms: ascend, rise precocious 14 year old.
Sentence: In Tokyo, share prices have plummeted
for the sixth successive day. Predispose: To give an idea beforehand, make
susceptible

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Synonyms: mundane, trite, humdrum, lackluster Puissant: Powerful, strong
Antonyms: creative, imaginative, interesting Synonyms: potent, mighty, stalwart
Sentence: His instructor offered a more prosaic Antonyms: impotent, ineffective
explanation for the surge in John’s interest. Sentence: A puissant man’s influences are awesome.

Proscribe: To forbid Pulchritude: Physical beauty
Synonyms: banish, outlaw, prohibit, embargo Synonyms: comeliness, attractiveness
Antonyms: solicit, include, permit, sanction Antonyms: ugliness
Sentence: Usually the government proscribes some Sentence: Catherine’s pulchritude took my breath
unlicenced drugs. away.

Proselytize: To try to persuade others to accept Punctilious: careful
different religions or beliefs (SSC CGL 2011)

Synonyms: evangelize, convert, recruit Synonyms: Conscientious, scrupulous, meticulous,
Antonyms: hold, remain precise
Sentence: I assured him we had not dropped in to Antonyms: inattentive, incautious, informal
proselytize. Sentence: The teacher corrected the essay in a very
punctilious manner, criticizing the student for even the
Protean: Very changeable, versatile slightest mistakes.
Synonyms: variable, kaleidoscopic, fluctuating
Antonyms: stable, unchangeable Purgatory: remorse, state of suffering
Sentence: He is a protean stylist who can get anyone
attracted. Synonyms: torment, affliction, tribulation
Sentence: Getting up at 4 o’clock in the morning is
Protégé: Person receiving protection and support sheer purgatory.
from patron
Purport: To claim, intent
Synonyms: trainee, apprentice, charge Synonyms: import, allege, profess
Antonyms: leader Sentence: The book does not purport to be a complete
Sentence: He had been a protégé of Captain Singh. history of the period.

Provenance: Origin or source of something Pusillanimous: frightened, cowardly

Synonyms: pedigree, etymology, roots Synonyms: fainthearted, timid, timorous
Antonyms: end, finish Antonyms: bold, brave, courageous
Sentence: The provenance of this trickle is a complete Sentence: The authorities have been too
mystery. pusillanimous in merely condemning the violence.

Puerile: Childish, suitable for child rather than an Putrid: Decaying and therefore smelling very bad
adult
Synonyms: rotten, decaying, putrefied, decomposing,
Synonyms: infantile, juvenile, adolescent fetid
Antonyms: wise, profound, sensible Antonyms: fresh, perfumed
Sentence: Concert organizers branded the group’s Sentence: The drains were overflowing with garbage
actions as puerile. and the putrid stench was almost unbearable.

Pugnacity: Combativeness, aggression Q
Synonyms: belligerence, hostility
Antonyms: defense, resistance Quack: An untrained person who practices medicine
Sentence: He is known for his fearlessness and fraudulently
pugnacity.

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Antonyms: benevolent, generous Antonyms: straight, vertical
Sentence: The oil fields have been depleted by a Sentence: He lies recumbent in his armor on a bed
rapacious exploitation policy. of pebbles, looking eerily alive.

Ratification: Approve formally Redolent: Sweet smelling
(SSC Auditor 2003) Synonyms: fragrant, aromatic
Antonyms: noxious, putrid, stale, stinking
Synonyms: Confirm, verify, sanction, permission Sentence: The drawing room is in the oldest part of
Antonyms: rejection, repudiation the property, still redolent with 17th century character.
Sentence: After many months and many negotiations,
the ratification of the treaty was accomplished. Redoubtable: Formidable; Fearsome; imposing

Ravage: To destroy violently; ruin Synonyms: Daunting, indomitable, resolute, doughty
(SSC Auditor 2005) Antonyms: friendly, harmless
Synonyms: pillage, devastate, demolish Sentence: Australia will be a redoubtable opponent
Antonyms: aid, assist, help, protect in the finals.
Sentence: For two decades country has been ravaged
by civil war and foreign intervention. Refractory: Obstinate; unmanageable; disobedient

Ravenous: Wildly hungry; Voracious Synonyms: Obdurate, recalcitrant, intransigent,
Synonyms: starved, famished, insatiable, gluttonous intractable
Antonyms: full, satisfied Antonyms: manageable, obedient
Sentence: Amy realized that she had eaten nothing Sentence: He was a refractory priest who refused to
since leaving Bruton Street and she was ravenous. side with the king.

Recalcitrant: Resistant; stubborn; unmanageable Regale: To entertain; amuse
Synonyms: fascinate, captivate, beguile
Synonyms: intractable, rebellious, mutinous, refractory Antonyms: bore, tire
Antonyms: amenable, obedient, passive Sentence: He regularly regales friends with
Sentence: Recalcitrant employer might seek to argue humorous stories.
that the union does not come with clean hands. Relic: Something left from an earlier time
Synonyms: vestige, trace, artifact
Recluse: Hermit, Solitary Sentence: These precious relics were surely taken
Synonyms: Ascetic, monk, introvert without consent in the first place.
Antonyms: extrovert
Sentence: The 5th duke was an eccentric recluse, Remiss: Negligent; Derelict
who shunned visitors. Synonyms: irresponsible, careless, lackadaisical
Antonyms: careful, scrupulous, thoughtful
Reconnaissance: Surveillance by army Sentence: I shall always regret that I was so remiss.

Synonyms: surveillance, exploration, examination Remonstrate: To protest
Sentence: The helicopter was returning from Synonyms: Expostulate, complain
reconnaissance mission. Antonyms: agree, concede
Sentence: He remonstrated with the referee about
Rectitude: Integrity, honesty, uprightness his dismissal.
Synonyms: Righteousness, equity, scrupulousness
Antonyms: dishonesty, infamy Renege: to go back on
Sentence: There’s big ambition, deep resentment, and Synonyms: default; repudiate
fiscal rectitude. Antonyms: admit, approve

Recumbent: Lying down
Synonyms: leaning, reclining, prostrate, supine

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Rigmarole: A long and complicated procedure to Sentence: We should not, however, be too sanguine.
get something Satiate: To satisfy fully

Synonyms: ceremony, ritual, procedure Synonyms: Quench, slake
Sentence: I had no wish to go through the whole Antonyms: deprive, dissatisfy
rigmarole again and so I nipped the problem in the Sentence: It is too hot today and even cold water does
bud. not satiate our thirst.

Ruddy: Looking red and healthy Saturnine: Gloomy
Synonyms: Rubicund Synonyms: morose, somber, melancholy, lugubrious
Antonyms: pale, pallid Antonyms: cheerful, happy, nice, pleasant
Sentence: He had a naturally ruddy complexion, even Sentence: He painted all the walls in his house a dull
more flushed now from dancing. lead grey that perfectly matched his saturnine
personality.
Ruse: Artifice, Stratagem, Poly
Synonyms: Trick, tactic, contrivance, subterfuge Savant: A learned person; eminent scholar
Antonyms: honesty, openness, truthfulness Synonyms: philosopher, guru, solomon
Sentence: She tried to think of a ruse to get him out Antonyms: amateur
of the house. Sentence: Savant skills appear very early in life,
creating the appearance of genius or prodigy.
S
Scourge: Severe suffering or trouble
Sadistic: Inclined to cruelty
Synonyms: brutal, barbarous, perverted, vicious Synonyms: affliction, bane, curse, misfortune
Antonyms: Humane, kind, merciful Antonyms: advantage, benefit, boon, blessing
Sentence: He took sadistic pleasure in taunting the Sentence: The inspector ordered the constable to
boy. punish the thief with scourge.

Sagacious: showing good judgment and He is the scourge of all mysterious events.
understanding Scurrilous: Foul-mouthed
Synonyms: Abusive, indecent, lewd, obscene, ribald
Synonyms: wise, discerning, astute, perspicacious Antonyms: clean, polite, decent
Antonyms: careless, foolish, ignorant, stupid Sentence: His father was a scurrilous man of ill
Sentence: He is regarded as a wise and sagacious repute and never honoured anywere.
leader. Sedentary: Requiring sitting; desk bound
Synonyms: inactive, stationary
Salacious: lustful Antonyms: active, energetic, mobile
Synonyms: lecherous, wanton, obscene, ribald Sentence: The work at the typing institute mad him a
Antonyms: pure, spiritual sedentary worker.
Sentence: Keep your kids away from salacious fellow. Sedition: Rebellion against the government in power

Salubrious: Clean and healthy Synonyms: revolt, mutiny, insurrection, fomentation
Synonyms: wholesome, salutary Antonyms: loyalty, harmony
Antonyms: insalubrious, unhealthy, unwholesome Sentence: If the banners and flags are shifted about,
Sentence: The promotion of salubrious hair is a sedition is afoot.
popular issue in women’s magazine articles of this era.
Sedulous: Diligent; Assiduous
Sanguine: Cheerful and confidant about future Synonyms: meticulous, industrious, punctilious,
Antonyms: inactive, languid, lethargic
Synonyms: optimistic, bullish, hopeful
Antonyms: despondent, pessimistic, depressed,
despairing

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Synonyms: despise, disdain, scorn, repudiate Succinct: Concise
Antonyms: embrace, want, welcome Synonyms: brief, pithy, compact, laconic, terse
Sentence: Industry is still spurned by the young - or Antonyms: lengthy, wordy, verbose
is it by the parents of the young? Sentence: This is necessary to keep the overall
document succinct.
Squander: Waste
(SSC CGL 2010) Succor: To help or assist
Synonyms: aid, support
Synonyms: prodigal, dissipate, lavish, scatter Antonyms: hindrance, obstruction
Antonyms: concise, economy Sentence: Helicopters fly in appalling weather to
Sentence: The officer squandered the money succor shipwrecked mariners.
reserved in the department.
Succulent: Juicy
Stentorian: Loud and powerful Synonyms: luscious, pulpy, delectable, palatable
Synonyms: Strident, blaring, raucous, sonorous Antonyms: dry
Antonyms: soft, weak Sentence: It seemed to be longer and more succulent
Sentence: Stentorian voice, to keep everyone in order. here than anywhere else in the field.

Stolid: Not showing much emotion and interest Sully: To soil; stain; tarnish
Synonyms: besmirch, taint, blemish, contaminate, defile
Synonyms: impassive, apathetic, phlegmatic, placid Antonyms: clean
Antonyms: aware, intelligent, interested Sentence: She claimed they were sullying the
Sentence: An idle student has always stolid nature Congress party’s good name.
regarding industry.
Sumptuous: Involving great expense
Strident: harsh-sounding; shrill Synonyms: lavish, luxurious, opulent, extravagant, lush
Synonyms: Grating, vociferous, raucous, jarring, Antonyms: mean, poor, wanting
dissonant Sentence: To maintain a luxurious car is not
Antonyms: low, mild, moderate, soft sumptuous for a wealthy business man.
Sentence: The last election campaign seemed to me
to be too strident. Supercilious: Disdainful or contemptuous
(SSC Auditor 2005)
Stupor: Unconscious and unable to act or think
normally Synonyms: haughty, arrogant, condescending, snobbish
Antonyms: humble, modest
Synonyms: daze, torpor, coma, lethargy Sentence: Her eyebrows were arched in supercilious
Antonyms: consciousness, sensibility, sensitive, feeling surprise.
Sentence: In larger doses it causes stupor, coma and
convulsions. Supine: Lying on back; prostate
Synonyms: Recumbent
Subservient: behaving like a slave Sentence: During treatment, patients lay supine on
Synonyms: servile, deferential, docile, acquiescent the treatment couch for around 3 hrs.
Antonyms: controlling, domineering
Sentence: The trouble is, I’m not really suited to hotel Surfeit: Surplus; profusion
work, and I’m just not subservient enough. Synonyms: abundance, glut, overdose
Antonyms: lack, need, necessity, want
Subterfuge: deception Sentence: In other words, there is a huge shortage of
Synonyms: Artifice, trickery, guile, chicanery, sophistry, money and a vast surfeit of debt.
fraudulence
Antonyms: candor, frankness, honesty, innocence Surmise: To guess; conjecture
Sentence: He speaks as he sees, without political Synonyms: speculate, infer
subterfuge. Antonyms: calculation, knowledge, measurement

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Synonyms: heated, hot, scorching against tyrany.
Antonyms: cool, temperate Tirade: long angry denunciatory speech
Sentence: The thermal cameras will also pick up any
changes in temperature. Synonyms: anger, berating, censure, condemnation,
diatribe, harangue, invective
Thespian: pertaining to drama Antonyms: calm, harmony, peace
Sentence: The customer responded with a verbal
Synonyms: artist, character, entertainer, star tirade directed at the manager’s foreign origin.
Antonyms: normal, ordinary, undramatic
Sentence: Her success in school play convinced her Titillate: tickle; excite pleasantly
that she was destined for a thespian career.
Thrifty: careful about money; economical Synonyms: amuse, arouse, stimulate
Antonyms: disenchant, repulse, turn off
Synonyms: conserving, frugal, mean, parsimonious Sentence: Titillate the curiosity of a medieval
Antonyms: extravagant, spendthrift, uneconomical, audience.
wasteful
Sentence: The children of the rich are privileged, but Torpor: lethargy; sluggishness
many who do not carry a balance on their cards are
simply prudent or thrifty. Synonyms: apathy, disinterest, dormancy, drowsiness,
dullness, idleness, inactivity, languor
Throttle: regulate the speed of with a throttle Antonyms: ambition, ardor, attention, attentiveness,
awareness
Synonyms: smother, strangle, strangulate, suppress Sentence: During winter it enters torpor every where.
Antonyms: restore, resuscitate, revive.
Sentence: There’s a tiller handle with a twist throttle Torque: force producing rotation
similar to a motorcycle on the steering handle.
Synonyms: force, revolution, turn, twist, twisting force
Thwart: block or hinder Sentence: For the angular momentum principle, the
change in angular momentum is equal to the net torque.
Synonyms: baffle, balk, check, circumvent, curb
Antonyms: aid, assist, encourage, forward, help Torrent: rushing stream
Sentence: Working to thwart departments is working
against yourself. Synonyms: deluge, downpour, effusion, flood
Antonyms: dribble, drip, drought, trickle
Timidity: lack of self-confidence or courage Sentence: Half of the country was affected badly by
torrent.
Synonyms: bashfulness, quiet, reserve
Antonyms: assurance, audacity, backbone, boldness, Tortuous: winding; full of curves
bravery
Sentence: You must lose your timidity for your Synonyms: circuitous, convoluted, crooked, curved
successful future. Antonyms: direct, linear, simple, straight
Sentence: The calculations can be complicated by the
Timorous: fearful; timid; demonstrating fear tortuous accounting used to calculate the private-equity
industry’s returns.
Synonyms: apprehensive, faint, fainthearted, fearful,
hesitant, meek, shrinking Tractable: easily managed
Antonyms: bold, brazen
Sentence: A timorous person never raises voice Synonyms: acquiescent, complaisant, controllable,

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Antonyms: goodness, morality, righteousness, virtue, Sentence: Trustees are a university’s ultimate decision
probity makers.
Sentence: The congress party has been defamed due
do moral turpitude of leaders. Umbrage: resentment; anger; sense of injury or
Tutelage: guardianship; training; instruction insult

Synonyms: apprenticeship, care, coaching, custody, Synonyms: anger, annoyance, chagrin, exasperation,
guidance, instruction fury, grudge, irritation
Antonyms: ignorance Antonyms: happiness, like, love, pleasure, calm, forbear,
Sentence: Many trappers today started the activity as quiet
schoolboys under the tutelage of a father, brother, Sentence: It is a risky thing to stand against such a
relative or neighbor. near-universal outpouring of moral umbrage

Typhoon: tropical hurricane or cyclone Unanimity: Complete agreement

Synonyms: cyclone, hurricane, storm, tornado, twister Synonyms: accord, concord, concurrence, consensus,
Sentence: The global financial typhoon caused many consent, harmony, unison, unity
economies financially. weak. Antonyms: disagreement, disharmony, disunity
Sentence: He has this funny idea that agreement is
Tyro: beginner; novice necessary to achieve political goals, and that
Synonyms: amateur, apprentice, learner, neophyte unanimity is preferred.
Antonyms: expert, master, old hand, professional,
veteran Unctuous:oily; bland; insincerely suave
Sentence: In fact, the tyro in military matters knows Synonyms: fatty, greasy, oleaginous, slick
where the fault lies. Antonyms: blunt
Sentence: That clerk always speaks in the tones of
U unctuous to any officer.

Ubiquitous: being everywhere; omnipresent Undermine: weaken gradually; sap

Synonyms: all-over, everywhere, omnipresent, Synonyms: attenuate, debilitate, eat away, enfeeble,
pervasive, universal erode
Antonyms: rare, scarce Antonyms: strengthen, bolster
Sentence: On the downcast, rainy day the fog was Sentence: Unemployment continues to rise, which
ubiquitous. could undermine consumer confidence.
Ulterior: intentionally hidden; beyond what is evident Undulating: moving with a wavelike motion

Synonyms: ambiguous, concealed, covert, cryptic, dark, Synonyms: oscillate, surge, swell, swing, wave
enigmatic, hidden, implied, obscure Antonyms: hold, persist, remain, stay
Antonyms: expressed, known, overt, public Sentence: The bumpy country road wound deeper into
Sentence: If you do well, people will accuse you of the scrubland until at last an undulating shape appeared
ulterior motives. Do well anyway. in the distance.

Ultimate: final; not susceptible to further analysis Unearthly - not earthly; supernatural

Synonyms: conclusive, decisive, end, eventual, Synonyms: abnormal, absurd, appalling, demoniac,
extreme, far out, farthermost, farthest Weird, eerie, ethereal, extraordinary
Antonyms: beginning, first, introductory, opening Antonyms: earthly, natural, physical
Sentence: Sunrise and sunset turned the sky to an
unearthly flame of many colors above the vast water.

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Sentence: Vagabond students have no time anywhere Synonyms: motley, multicolor
for practice Antonyms: achromatic, colorless, decolorized, dull,
Vainglorious: boastful; excessively conceited faded, faint, monochromatic
Synonyms: arrogant, blowing one’s own horn, boasting, Sentence: Grows in sun or shade, but variegated types
bragging, haughty, show better color in full sun.
Antonyms: bashful, demure, diffident, down-to-earth,
egoless, humble Vehement: forceful; intensely emotional
Sentence: He has always come across as deeply
untrustworthy and extremely vainglorious. Synonyms: angry, ardent
Antonyms: abated, alleviated, calm
Valedictory: pertaining to farewell Sentence: Some letters include vehement protests
against any reduction in the sentence imposed by judge
(SSC CGL 2010) or jury.
Synonyms: departing, final, goodbye, last, terminal
Antonyms: inaugural, welcoming Velocity: speed
Sentence: He began his valedictory in a low voice, Synonyms: acceleration, celerity, hurry, impetus,
all were mourned. momentum, pace
Vanguard: forerunners Antonyms: languidness, languor, lateness, leisureliness
Sentence: Speed sensors and an accelerometer
Synonyms: front, lead, leaders, leading measure its velocity and a gyroscope controls
Antonyms: establishment, old guard, rear equilibrium and direction.
Sentence: With smart power, diplomacy will be the
vanguard of our foreign policy. Venal: capable of being bribed

Vantage: position giving an advantage Synonyms: amoral, corrupt, dishonest, immoral,
mercenary
Synonyms: aid, assistance, convenience Antonyms: ethical, generous, good, honest, incorrupt,
Antonyms: disability, disadvantage incorruptible, moral
Sentence: Already, their distance gives these probes Sentence: Venal politician is never honoured any
a unique vantage point-a bird’s-eye view of the solar where.
system.
Venerable: deserving high respect
Vapid: lacking liveliness; dull and unimaginative
Synonyms: admirable, dignified, esteemed, honorable
Synonyms: boring, flavorless, insipid Antonyms: bad, base, contemptible, despicable,
Antonyms: lively, sharp, spicy, strong detestable, dirty
Sentence: Labour hired the hall and plastered its Sentence: They could be seen in a venerable set of
windows with its vapid campaign slogan, forward not drawings provided by the collection.
back.
Venial: (of a fault or sin) forgivable; trivial
Vaporize: turn into vapour
Synonyms: forgivable, justifiable, minor
Synonyms: dissipate, volatize Antonyms: abominable, evil, heinous, indefensible,
Antonyms: assemble, constitute inexcusable
Sentence: Even when you get to the boiling point, you Sentence: In fact, it’s not the great but the venial sins
would have to keep adding energy to vaporize the steel. that you think of with horror when you’ve read this
book.
Variegated: many colored

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Sentence: Aishwarya is a vivacious model. Voluble: talkative
Vociferous: clamorous Synonyms: bigmouthed, chatty, garrulous, fluent, glib
Antonyms: reticent, taciturn, untalkative
(SSC CGL 2012) Sentence: They’re not voluble, and so that’s all taken
Synonyms: boisterous, loud-mouthed, noisy, against them.
obstreperous, shouting
Antonyms: calm, noiseless, quiet, silent Voluminous: having great volume
Sentence: The over vociferous anti-drug people have
a long history of exaggeration and lies. Synonyms: abundant, ample, bulky, capacious,
comprehensive, copious
Volatile: changeable; mercurial Antonyms: dwarf, infinitesimal, Lilliputian, little,
Sentence: Paper filing systems can become
Synonyms: buoyant, capricious, effervescent, voluminous, and are not cost effective to duplicate or
ephemeral, erratic, fleeting, flighty distribute.
Antonyms: certain, constant, dependable, durable,
immutable, invariable, Vulnerable: susceptible to wounds or attack
Sentence: The situation is volatile and colored by a
history of racism in the city and throughout our nation. Synonyms: accessible, assailable, defenseless, exposed
Antonyms: covered, defendable, defensible
Volition: act of using one’s will Sentence: It is a vulnerable bridge.

Synonyms: accord, choice, choosing, determination, Vulpine: like a fox; crafty
election, preference Synonyms: clever, crafty, cunning, foxy, ingenious,
Antonyms: coercion, compulsion, constraint, duress, shrewdness, skillful, tricky, wily
duty, force, Antonyms: naive, unclever, unintelligent
Sentence: Everyone who participates in a fight should Sentence: And with his sharp, vulpine features and
do so by their own volition. air of generalized furtiveness, he stirs up suspicion and
hostility wherever he goes.

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Flee + ing = fleeing woo + ing = wooing

Rule 4. When a suffix that begins with a consonant is added to a word that ends in silent e, the e is,

with a few exceptions, retained; as—

• When the suffix -ly is added to an adjective that ends in silent e, the e is usually retained.

entire + ly = entirely nice + ly = nicely

false + ly = falsely polite + ly = politely

fine + ly = finely safe + ly = safely

late + ly = lately sure + ly = surely

• Exceptions to the retention of e when -ly is added:

true + ly = truly whole + ly = wholly

• If the adjective ends in -le, the -le is dropped when the suffix -ly is added.

gentle + ly = gently; noble + ly = nobly; idle + ly = idly

• The -le is also dropped from adjectives ending in -able and ible when the suffix -ly is added.

comfortable + ly = comfortably pleasurable + ly = pleasurably

fashionable + ly = fashionably sensible + ly = sensibly

forcible + ly = forcibly honourable + ly = honourably

• When the suffix - tion is used to form a noun from a verb ending in silent e after t, the letters te
are dropped.

associate + tion = association create + tion = creation

celebrate + tion = celebration dictate + tion = dictation

communicate + tion = communication frustrate + tion = frustration

complete + tion = tion completion pollute + tion = pollution

• When the suffix is added to a noun ending in silent e to make an adjective, the e is dropped.

bone + y = bony smoke +y = smoky

ease + y = easy snake +y = snaky

ice + y = icy stone +y = stony

noise +y = noisy taste + y = tasty

• When the suffixes - ful, -hood, -less and -ment are added, the e is retained.

hope + ful = hopeful wire + less = wireless

use + ful = useful advertise + ment = advertisement

false + hood = falsehood amaze + ment = amazement

care + less = careless amuse + ment = amusement

home + less = homeless announce + ment = announcement

hope + less = hopeless tire + less = tireless

excite + ment = excitement use + less = useless

Note– When ment is added to judge, acknowledge and abridge two spelling are generally accepted:

judge + ment = judgment, or judgement

acknowledge + ment = acknowledgment or acknowledgement

abridge + ment = abridgment or abridgement

Rule 5. Words ending in two or more consonants usually remain unchanged when a suffix is added;
as—

call + ed = called roll + ing = rolling

till + ed = tilled will + ed = willed

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• When adding a suffix in words of more than one syllable, the accent is shifted to a preceding
infer
syllable, the foregoing rule does not apply.

inference combat combative

excel, excellence, excellent

• In words of more than one syllable, the final consonant is not doubled before a suffix beginning
with a consonant; as—

equip equipment profit profitless

regret regretful unfit unfitness

• The final consonant is not doubled if the stress in on the first syllable and if the verb ends in -en
or -er, as—

happen happened happening

listen listened listener

open opened opener

offer offered offering

• The final consonant is doubled if the stress in on the first syllable of the verb ... if it ends in -al,

-el or -il; as—

cancel cancelled cancellation

equal equalled equalling

level levelled leveller

pedal pedalled pedalling

travel travelled traveller

parallel paralleled

• If the stress is on the first syllable, and if the verb ends in -ap or -ip, the final consonant is
doubled; as—

kidnap kidnapped kidnapper

worship worshipped worshipper

Rule 9. Words of more than one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel
if not accented on the last syllable, usually do not double the final consonant before a suffix beginning

with a vowel; as as —

bigot – bigoted; despot – despotic – despotic; redden — reddened; rivet – riveted.

handicap – handicapped; outfit – outfitted

Rule 10. When a verb ends in y with a consonant preceding it, the y becomes i before the suffixes -es
and -ed. They y remains unchanged before the suffix-ing; as—

bury buries buried burying

carry carries carried carrying

copy copies copied copying

defy defies defied defying

deny denies denied denying

hurry hurries hurried hurrying

marry marries married marrying

multiply multiplies multiplied multiplying

pity pities pitied pitying

rely relies relied relying

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all + thought = although use + full = useful

all + together = altogether un + till = until

all + ways = always well + come = welcome

Rule 19. In words with ie or ei when the sound is long ee, use i before e except after c; as—

achieve chief niece shield

belief cashier piece shriek

believe field pierce siege

brief fierce priest thief

besiege grief relieve wield

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• Ancestor • Asphyxiation
• Ancestry • Assassin
• Anemone • Assassinate
• Angrily • Assessment
• Anguish • Assistance
• Annihilate • Associate
• Annihilation • Asthma
• Anniversary • Asthmatic
• Announcement • Astrakhan
• Annulled • Atheist
• Annulment • Atrocious
• Anonymous • Attendant
• Anorak • Attitude
• Answered • Aborigine
• Antarctic • Auburn
• Antibiotic • Auctioneer
• Antithesis • Audible
• Anxiety • Aural
• Apartheid • Automatic
• Apologize • Autumn
• Appalling • Awful
• Apparently • Awkward
• Appearance
• Appendicitis B
• Appreciate
• Approval • Bachelor
• Aquarium • Bagatelle
• Aquiline • Baggage
• Arbiter • Bailiff
• Arbitrary • Ballast
• Arbitration • Ballerina
• Archaeology • Banana
• Architectural • Banister
• Arctic • Bankruptcy
• Arguably • Banquet
• Arrangement • Barbecue
• Arrival • Barometer
• Artichoke • Barrister
• Ascend • Basically
• Ascent • Basis
• Asphalt • Battalion
• Asphyxiate • Bazaar
• Beautiful
• Befriend

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• Cartoonist • Clique
• Cashier • Coalesce
• Cassette • Cocoa
• Castanets • Coconut
• Casualty • Coffee
• Catechism • Cognac
• Catering • Coincidence
• Cauliflower • Colander
• Cautious • Collaborate
• Ceiling • Collapsible
• Cellophane • Colleague
• Cemetery • Colonel
• Centenary • Colossal
• Centilitre • Comically
• Centimetre • Commandeer
• Centainty • Commemorate
• Champagne • Commentator
• Championed • Commercial
• Chancellor • Commiserate
• Changeable • Commission
• Channelled • Commissionaire
• Characteristic • Commitment
• Chasm • Committal
• Chauffeur • Committed
• Cheetah • Committee
• Cherish • Communicate
• Chief • Commuter
• Chilblain • Companion
• Chintz • Comparative
• Chiropody • Comparison
• Chisel • Compatibility
• Choreographer • Compelled
• Choreography • Competitive
• Chronically • Computer
• Chrysanthemum • Conceal
• Cigarette • Concealment
• Cinnamon • Conceit
• Circuitous • Conceive
• Cistern • Concession
• Civilian • Concurrent
• Claustrophobia • Concurrent
• Clientele • Concussion

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• Dais • Detachable
• Damage • Detergent
• Dandruff • Deterred
• Darkened • Deterrent
• Debatable • Deuce
• Debauched • Develop
• Debility • Development
• Deceased • Diabetes
• Deceit • Diagnosis
• Deceive • Dialogue
• Deciduous • Diametrically
• Decipher • Diaphragmtant
• Decoyed • Disinh Diarrhoea
• Decrease • Difference
• Decreed • Different
• Defamatory • Dilapidated
• Defeat • Dilemma
• Defendant • Dilettante
• Defied • Diminish
• Definite • Diminution
• Definitely • Dinosaur
• Dehydrate • Diphtheria
• Deign • Diphthong
• Deliberate • Disadvantageous
• Delicatessen • Disagreeable
• Delicious • Disagreed
• Delinquent • Disagreement
• Delirious • Disappearance
• Demeanour • Disappeared
• Demonstrate • Disappoint
• Dencuement • Disapproval
• Denunciation • Disastrous
• Dependence • Disbelief
• Depth • Disbelieve
• Derailment • Discipline
• Dermatitis • Discotheque
• Derogatory • Discouraging
• Descend • Discourteous
• Descendant • Discrimination
• Desiccate • Discussion
• Desperate • Disease
• Detach • Disguise

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• Entailed • Faeces
• Enthusiasm • Fahrenheit
• Enumerate • Fallacious
• Epilepsy • Fanatic
• Equalize • Farcical
• Equalled • Fascinate
• Equipped • Fatigue
• Erroneous • Fatuous
• Erudite • February
• Escalator • Feeler
• Escapism • Feign
• Espionage • Ferocioj
• Essence • Festooned
• Essential • Feud
• Estranged • Feudal
• Etiquette • Fevered
• Euthanasia • Fiasco
• Eventually • Fibre
• Evidently • Fictitious
• Exaggerate • Fiend
• Exaggeration • Fierce
• Exalt • Fiery
• Exasperate • Filial
• Exceed • Finesse
• Exceedingly • Flabbergasted
• Excellent • Flaccid
• Excessive • Flammable
• Exchequer • Flannelette
• Excommunicate • Fluent
• Exercise • Fluoridate
• Exhaust • Fluoride
• Exhibit • Fluoridize
• Exhilarate • Foliage
• Exorcise • Forcible
• Explanation • Foreigner
• Exquisite • Forfeit
• Extinguish • Forthwith
• Extraneous • Fortieth
• Extravagant • Fortuitous
• Fortunately
F • Frailty
• Frankincense
• Fabulous
• Facetious

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• Hearse • Ideological
• Height • Idiosyncrasy
• Heightened • Ignorance
• Heinous • Illegible
• Heir • Illegitimate
• Herbaceous • Illiberal
• Hereditary • Illiterate
• Heroism • Imaginative
• Hesitate • Imitation
• Hiccup, hiccough • Immaculate
• Hideous • Immediate
• Hierarchy • Immemorial
• Hieroglyphics • Immoral
• Hijack • Immovable
• Hilarious • Impasse
• Hindrance • Impeccable
• Hippopotamus • Imperative
• Holiday • Imperceptible
• Holocaust • Imperious
• Homonym • Impetuous
• Honorary • Implacable
• Honour • Impresario
• Hooligan • Imprisoned
• Horoscope • Imprisonment
• Horrible • Inaccessible
• Horticulture • Inadmissible
• Hullabaloo • Inappropriate
• Humorous • Inaugural
• Humour • Incandescent
• Hurricane • Incessant
• Hurried • Incipient
• Hygiene • Incognito
• Hyphen • Incommunicado
• Hypnosis • Inconceivable
• Hypochondria • Incongruous
• Hypocrisy • Incontrovertible
• Hypotenuse • Incorrigible
• Hypothesis • Incredulous
• Hypothetical • Incriminate
• Hysterical • Incubator
• Incurred
I • Indefatigable

• Icicle

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• Karate • Lilac
• Keenness • Limoufine
• Khaki • Lineage
• Kidnapped • Linen
• Kilometre • Lingerie
• Kiosk • Linguist
• Kitchenette • Liqueur
• Kleptomania • Literature
• Knick-knack • Litre
• Knowledgeable • Livelihood
• Kowtow • Loneliness
• Loosened
L • Loquacious
• Luggage
• Labelled • Lugubrious
• Laboratory • Luminous
• Labyrinth • Lorgnette
• Lackadaisical • Lucrative
• Laddered • Lucre
• Lager • Luggage
• Language • Lugubrious
• Languor • Luminous
• Languorous • Luscious
• Laryngitis • Lustre
• Larynx • Luxurious
• Lassitude • Lyric
• Latitude
• Laundered M
• Launderette
• Layette • Macabre
• League • Maelstrom
• Leanness • Magician
• Ledger • Magnanimous
• Legendary • Mahogany
• Legible • Maintenance
• Legitimate • Malaise
• Length • Malaria
• Lengthened • Malignant
• Leukaemia • Manageable
• Levelled • Management
• Liaise • Mannequin
• Liaison • Manoeuvre
• Lieu • Mantelpiece
• Lieutenant • Manually

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• Obituary • Pessimistically
• Oblige • Pesticide
• Oblique • Phantom
• Oblivious • Pharmacy
• Obnoxious • Pharyngitis
• Obscene • Pharynx
• Obscenity • Phenomenon
• Obsessive • Phial
• Obstetrician • Phlegm
• Occasion • Physician
• Occupancy • Physiotherapist
• Occupier • Picketed
• Occupying • Picnic
• Paroxysm • Picnicked
• Parquet • Picturesque
• Partially • Pioneered
• Participant • Pious
• Particle • Piteous
• Partner • Pitiful
• Passenger • Plaintiff
• Passers-by • Plausible
• Pastime • Pleurisy
• Patterned • Pneumonia
• Pavilion • Poignant
• Peaceable • Politician
• Peculiar • Pollution
• Pejorative • Polythene
• Pencilled • Porridge
• Penicillin • Portrait
• Peppered • Portray
• Perceive • Positive
• Perennial • Possession
• Perilous • Possibility
• Permissible • Posthumous
• Permitted • Potatoes
• Pernicious • Precede
• Perpetrate • Precedent
• Persistence • Precinct
• Personnel • Precipice
• Persuasion • Precocious
• Perusal • Preference
• Pessimism • Preferred

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• Rescind • Salvage
• Resemblance • Sanctuary
• Reservoir • Sandwich
• Resistance • Sanitary
• Resourceful • Sapphire
• Responsibility • Satellite
• Restaurant • Scaffolding
• Restaurateur • Scandalous
• Resurrection • Scenic
• Resuscitate • Sceptre
• Retrieve • Schedule
• Reunion • Scheme
• Reveille • Schizophrenic
• Revelry • Schooner
• Revenue • Sciatica
• Reversible • Science
• Rhapsody • Scissors
• Rheumatism • Scruple
• Rhododendron • Scrupulous
• Rhomboid • Scurrilous
• Rhubarb • Scythe
• Rhyme • Secretarial
• Rhythm • Secretary
• Ricochet • Sedative
• Righteous • Sedentary
• Rigorous • Sensitive
• Rigour • Separate
• Risotto • Sergeant
• Riveted • Serrated
• Rogue • Serviceable
• Roughage • Serviette
• Roulette • Settee
• Royalty • Shampooed
• Rucksack • Shattered
• Ruinous • Sheikh
• Rummage • Sheriff
• Rumour • Shield
• Shovelled
S • Shuddered
• Siege
• Sabotage • Significant
• Sacrilege • Silhouette
• Saddened
• Salmon

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T • Tortuous
• Totalled
• Tableau • Tourniquet
• Taboo • Towelling
• Taciturn • Traffic
• Taffeta • Trafficked
• Tangerine • Tragedy
• Tangible • Traitorous
• Tattoo • Tranquillity
• Technique • Tranquillizer
• Teenager • Transcend
• Televise • Transferable
• Temperature • Transferred
• Tenuous • Transparent
• Terrifically • Travelled
• Terrifying • Traveller
• Territory • Tremor
• Terrorist • Trilogy
• Therapeutic • Troublesome
• Therefore • Trousseau
• Thief • Truism
• Thinness • Trustee
• Thirtieth • Tsetse
• Thorough • Tuberculosis
• Thoroughfare • Tumour
• Threshold • Tunnelled
• Thrombosis • Tureen
• Throughout • Turquoise
• Thwart • Twelfth
• Thyme • Typhoon
• Tightened
• Titivate U
• Tobacconist
• Toboggan • Unanimous
• Toffee • Unconscious
• Tomatoes • Undoubted
• Tomorrow • Unduly
• Tonsillitis • Unequalled
• Topsy turvy • Unique
• Tornadoes • Unnecessary
• Torpedoes • Unremitting
• Torpor • Unrequited
• Tortoiseshell • Unrivalled
• Upheaval

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4. BASIC WORD PARTS

Words are made up of word parts: prefixes, suffixes and roots or stems. A knowledge of these word
parts and their meanings can help you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.

ES

Prefixes are fixed before a word or a root to convey a modified version of the word or the root. Some important
Greek and Latin prefixes with a set of illustrative words are as follows:—

1. Prefix = 'ante' "before"

Word Meaning

• Antecedent preceding

• Antediluvian before the flood; ancient

• Antenatal of care before birth (during pregnancy)

• Anterior to the front; before

• Ante-meridien before noon

2. Prefix = 'dia' "across"

Word Meaning

• Diagonal connecting line

• Diaspora the breaking up and scattering of a people; people settled far from their
ancestral homelands

• Dialectic art of arguing

• Dialect local variety of language

• Diameter straight line from side tro side of figure

3. Prefix = 'ultra' "beyond"

Word Meaning

• Ultramarine very deep in blue

• Ultra modern very modern

• Ultra violet beyond violet; at the violet and of spectrum

• Ultra sonic sound waves beyond the range of human ear

4. Prefix = 'trans' "over, across"

Word Meaning

• Transcend go beyond

• Transverse eyeing across; at right angles

• Transgress break (law)

• Transient fleeting, not permanent

5. Prefix = 'super' "over, beyond"

Word Meaning

• Superior of greater rank

• Supercilious displaying arrogant pride

• Supernumerary in excess of normal number

• Supersede take the place of; set aside

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• Ad interim for the mean time
• Adjunct added, joined
• Adjudge decide, declare
• Adlib improvise and speak spontanceouly
• Adjourn postpone temporarily
• Ad rem to the point
• Ad valorem according to the value
• Advert turn the mind or attention towards
• Adulterate make impasse by adding
• Adumbrate give outline of, indicate
11. Prefix = 'Ambl' "both sides"
Meaning
Word on all sides
• Ambient obscure
• Ambiguity simultaneous existence of two different opinions
• Ambivalent able to use both sides
• Ambidextrous "around, about"
12. Prefix = 'Peri' Meaning
walkking around
Word cricumference
• Peripatetic outer boundary
• Periphery point in orbit of planet or comet nearest to sun.
• Perimeter "back"
• Perihelion Meaning
13. Prefix = 're'/'retro' go back
look back
Word curved backwards
• Return going backwards, reverting
• Retrospect make slow
• Retroflex retaliate, reply
• Retrograde "path" or "orbit"
• Retard Meaning
• Retort circles around the polar region
14. Prefix = 'clrcum' circles around the Sum
cricles around the fences
Word round about or evasive speech
• Circumpolar "without"
• Circumsolar Meaning
• Circumspect blood deficiency
• Circumlocation
15. Prefix = 'a'/'an'

Word
• Anemia

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• Synchronise happen at the same time
• Symbiotic living together for mutual benefit
• Symphony harmony of sounds
23. Prefix = 'be' "around/on"
Meaning
Word by side of
• Beside to splash with
• Bespatter to surround on all sides
• Besiege "apart/away"
24. Prefix = 'for' Meaning
prohibit
Word case, refrain
• Forbid Forsaken desperate
• Forbear "bad/wrong"
• Fortorn Meaning
25. Prefix = 'mis' error
wrong name
Word minor accident
• Mistake not a suitable person
• Misnomer "before"
• Mishap Meaning
• Misfit indication in advance, predict
26. Prefix = 'fore' prevent

Word
• Foresee
• Forestall

SUFFIXES

Suffixes are added to the end of a word or a root and can sometimes lead to a difference in the
meaning of the original word or root. Some of the common suffixes of Greek, Latin and Geman origin

are discussed below:

Latin Suffixes "place/collection"
1. Suffix - 'age' Meaning
minister's house
Word cheapest accommodation on a ship
• Personage bodies or group of peers
• Steerage "place"
• Peerage Meaning
2. Suffix = 'arium'/'ary' place for keeping live fish

Word
• Aquarium

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4. Suffix = 'oid' "like/shape of"

Word Meaning

• Hypsiloid letter 'v'

• Xiphoid sword

• Scaphoid boat

• Sigmoid letter 'c'

• Schizoid split

• Cuboid cube

• Actinoid star

• Belonoid needle

• Pemphigoid bubble

• Ovoid egg

• Helicoid screw

5. Suffix = 'ent' "being/manifesting/possessing"

Word Meaning

• Truculent aggression

• Imminent Pending danger

• Flocculent woolliness

• Innocent purity

• Indigent need/poverty

• Intransigent stubbornness

• Dilligent earnestness

• Effulgent radiance

• Plangent expressive sound

• Nocent harm

• Continent restraint

• Ambivalent uncertainty

• Prudent Wisdom/ judiciousness

Germanic Suffixes

Some important Gemanic suffixes illustrated with examples, are as follows:-

1. Suffix = 'dom' "state/quality"

Word Meaning

• Freedom liberty

• Kingdom state ruled by king

• Officialdom state ruled by officials

• Dukedom state ruled by duke

2. Suffix = 'ard' "one who/characteristic of"

Word Meaning

• Dullard stupid person

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• Healthwise with respect to health
REEK ROOTS
= time
• Chron = arrangement of events in order of occurrence.
Chronology = historical record
Chronicle = a stop watch that records time with great accuracy.
Chronograph = lasting a long time
Chronic = time piece
Chronometer = form
= form and structure of an organism
• morph = change of form
Morphology = many
Metamorphosis = competent in many languages
= a geometrical plane figure with three or more straight lines.
• poly = used to describe a mathematical expression with more than
Polyglot
Polygon two terms.
Polynomial = knowledgeable in a variety of subjects.
= a woman who has more than one husband.
Polymath = a man who has more than one wife.
Polyandry = all
Polygamy = for all humanity
• pan = a belief that God is everything.
Panhuman = an all round view.
Pantheism = found throughout the tropics.
Panorama = measure
Pantropic = device used to measure current
• meter = device used to measure voltage
Ammeter = device that measure altitude
Voltmeter = instrument used to measure distance covered by walking.
Altimeter = scientific study of earth’s atmosphere.
Pedometer = new
Meteorology = beginner, recent convert
• neo = new word or meaning, newly coined word.
Neophyte
Neologism = a new born child.
Neonate = fire
• pyr = pile of burning material
Pyre = producing heat
Pyrogenic = person who sets fire to things.
Pyromaniac = relating to fireworks.
Pyrotechnics

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Sophisticated = urbane, classy, complex
• misain/misein = to hate
= hatred of mankind
Misanthropy = one who hates mankind.
Misanthropist = one who hates women
Misogynist = one who hates marriage
Misogamist = one who hates books.
Misobiblic = mankind
• anthropos = study of development of human race
Anthropology = one who loves mankind
Philanthropist = to love
• Phil = love of language / words
Philology = love of wisdom
Philosophy = love of mankind
Philanthropy = one who loves mankind.
Philanthropist = city of brotherly love
Philadelphia = love of music/harmony
Philharmonic = lover of books
Bibliophile = admirer of British culture, people etc.
Anglophile = one who collects or studies stamps
Philatelist = study of
• Logy = study of human race.
Anthropology = study of living things
Astrology = study of the building, graves etc. of the past
Archaeology = mind, spirit, soul
• psyche = a mental disorder
Psychosis = a mind healer
Psychiatrist = one who loses touch with reality
Psychotic = that which causes effect on mind
Psychedelic = having special mental ability
Psychic = rule by
• Archy /cracy = rule by one king or queen
Monarchy = government by a single person/ single group
Autocracy = government by elected representatives
Democracy = rule by high social class
Aristocracy = rule of Gods
Theocracy = rule by the rich
Plutocracy = state of nature where there is no government
Anarchy = dual rule
Diarchy

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