(RESPIRATORY) ASTHMA DISEASES PUAN ZURAIDA BINTI YUSOFF DGN 134 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING l BY: GROUP 3
1 DNM/2475/22 GROUP MEMBERS NUR AIN BINTI HAMZAN NUR AIN BALQIS BINTI NORDIN NURNAJIAN BINTI ISMAIL NURSYADIYAH HANI BINTI MOHAMAD HASLAN NURSYAHIRA BINTI SHAMSUL ANUAR SITI NURAISYAH BINTI AZIMI DNM/2471/22 DNM/2436/22 DNM/2473/22 DNM/2488/22 DNM/2425/21 4 5 2 6 3
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TYPE OF ASTHMA SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA CAUSES AND TRIGGERS DRUGS NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION 4 5 2 6 3 7 8 9 SIDE EFFECT OF THE DRUG ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION NURSING RESPONSIBILITY 10 CONCLUSION
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects the airways of the lungs, causing them to become inflamed and narrow. This results in difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma can range in severity from mild to severe and can be a life-long condition. It affects people of all ages, but it most commonly develops in childhood. Asthma symptoms can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and animal dander, irritants such as smoke and air pollution, and physical activity. In some cases, stress, anxiety, and respiratory infections can also trigger asthma symptoms. Asthma is a treatable disease, and the goal of treatment is to control symptoms and prevent exacerbations. Treatment typically involves the use of inhalers and other medications, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids. In addition to medication, lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise can help manage asthma symptoms. While asthma cannot be cured, with proper management, most people with asthma are able to lead normal, active lives. It is important for individuals with asthma to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that is effective for them. 1. INTRODUCTION
Asthma also called bronchial asthma, is a disease that affect your lungs. It is a chronic condition, meaning it does not go away and needs ongoing medical management. WHAT IS ASTHMA?
2. TYPE OF ASTHMA This type of asthma comes and goes so that you can feel normal in between asthma flares. Persistent asthma can be mild, moderate, or severe, and be for a long time. Healthcare providers base asthma severity on how often you have symptoms, they also consider how well you can do things during an attack. 1. Intermittent 2. Persistent
Shortness of Breath Chest Tightness Wheezing Fatigue Difficulty Exercising Torso pain 3. SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA
4. CAUSES AND TRIGGERS Pollution Dusk Genetic Fast food Smoking Bacteria and Viruses Household chemicals Pets
● ALBUTEROL (SALBUTAMOL) ● TERBUTALINE SHORT-ACTING ● SALMETEROL ● TIOTROPIUM ● FORMATEROL LONG-ACTING 5. DRUGS NAME
6. MECHANISM OF ACTION Bronchodilators are drugs that help to relax the muscles surrounding the airways and open the bronchial tubes. There are two types of bronchodilators: Short-acting bronchodilators: • These are used as quick relief for acute symptoms. • They work within minutes and the effects last for a few hours. Examples include albuterol and levalbuterol. • Long-acting bronchodilators. • These are used as maintenance therapy to prevent symptoms. • They work for up to 12 hours; examples include salmeterol and formoterol. Inhaled corticosteroids: • These drugs help to reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent asthma symptoms. • They are used as maintenance therapy and take several days to start working, examples include fluticasone and budesonide.
7. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 1. Inhalation is the most common route of administration for asthma drugs. Inhalers or nebulizers are used to deliver medication directly to the lungs, where it can quickly relieve symptoms. Inhalation is preferred because it delivers medication directly to the lungs with minimal systemic side effects. Examples of inhaled asthma drugs include bronchodilators such as albuterol and inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone. 2. Some asthma drugs can be taken orally in the form of pills or tablets. Oral medications are typically used for long-term control of asthma symptoms. Examples include leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast and immunomodulators such as omalizumab. 3. Injection is typically used for immunomodulator medications that are administered by a healthcare professional. The medication is injected under the skin or into a muscle. Examples of injectable asthma drugs include omalizumab and mepolizumab. 4. Intravenous administration is used in emergency situations when immediate relief is needed. Intravenous administration is typically reserved for severe asthma attacks that do not respond to other treatments. Examples of intravenous asthma drugs include magnesium sulfate and terbutaline.
8. SIDE EFFECT OF THE DRUG Sore Throat Vomitting Dry Mouth Headache Cough Allergic
9. NURSING RESPONSIBILITY • Assessment: The nurse should perform a thorough assessment of the patient's respiratory status, including the frequency and severity of symptoms, oxygen saturation, and lung sounds. • Medication administration: The nurse should ensure that the patient is taking their asthma medication as prescribed and monitor for any adverse reactions or side effects. • Education: The nurse should educate the patient and their family on asthma management, including proper inhaler technique, recognizing symptoms of an asthma attack, and the importance of avoiding triggers. • Monitoring: The nurse should monitor the patient's response to treatment and adjust the treatment plan as necessary. The nurse should also monitor for any signs of worsening symptoms, such as increased respiratory distress or decreased oxygen saturation. • Documentation: The nurse should accurately document all assessments, interventions, and patient responses in the medical record. • Measuring peak expiratory flow rate: To control asthma by quickly detecting subtle changes in air way diameter so preventive interventions can be instituted.
10. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While there is currently no cure for asthma, it is a treatable disease. Effective management of asthma involves a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring by healthcare professionals. Asthma can be a challenging disease to manage, as symptoms can vary widely from person to person and can be triggered by a variety of factors. However, with proper treatment and management, most people with asthma can lead normal, active lives. It is important for individuals with asthma to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their specific symptoms and triggers. By staying informed and taking an active role in their own care, individuals with asthma can achieve better control of their symptoms and live healthy, fulfilling lives.
● National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (2018). Asthma. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma. ● Association, A.L. (n.d.). Asthma. [online] www.lung.org. Available at: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lungdisease-lookup/asthma/. ● Global Initiative for Asthma (2022). 2022 GINA Main Report - Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA. [online] Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/. ● Mayo Clinic (2022). Asthma - Symptoms and Causes. [online] Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653. REFERENCES
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