Manufactured subtances in factory

Chapter 8

 An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements where the main element is a metal
 EXAMPLE :
 1) Brass is used to make keys
 2) Bronze is used to make medals
 3) Steel is used to make the body of a car

CHEMICALLY INERT TRANSPARENT WATERPROOF

HEAT INSULATOR ELECTRICAL
INSULATOR
HARD BUT BRITTLE

FUSED • MADE FROM SILICA(SILICON
SILICA DIOXIDE,SiO2) WITHOUT
GLASS ADDING ANY OTHER
SODA- CHEMICAL

LIME • MADE FROM
GLASS SILICA,SiO2,SODA(SODIUM
CARBONATE,Na2CO3)AND
LIMESTONE(CALCIUM
CARBONATE,CaCO3)

BOROSILICATE • MADE FROM
GLASS SILICA,SiO2,SODA,Na2CO3,LIMESTONE,CaCO3,BORON
OXIDE,BB2O3 AND ALUMINIUM OXIDE,AL2O3
LEAD
CRYSTAL • MADE FROM SILICA,SiO2,SODA,Na2CO3 AND
LEAD(11)OXIDE,PbO
GLASS

 A CERAMIC IS A SOLID MADE UP OF INORGANIC AND NON-
METALIC SUBSTANCES

TYPES OF CERAMICS

TRADITIONAL ADVANCED CERAMICS
CERAMICS

TRADITIONAL CERAMICS

• PRODUCT =
BRICKS,POTTERY,CROCKERY

ADVANCED CERAMICS

• USED TO MAKE TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
RINGS BECAUSE IT IS HARD AND
RESISTANCE TO ABRASION

MEDICINE
TRANSPORTATION
ENERGY PRODUCTION

A COMPOSITE MATERIAL IS A MATERIAL MADE
FROM COMBINING TWO OR MORE NON-

NOMOGENEOUS SUBSTANCES,THAT IS MATRIX
SUBSTANCE AND STRENGHTENING
SUBSTANCE.

REINFORCED • Produced when steel bars or wire mesh is immersed in
CONCRETE concrete

FIBRE GLASS • Produced when plastic is strengthened with glass fibres

OPTICAL • Consists of three layers.The innermost layer is the core that is
FIBRE made up of silica glass fibres.The core is encased in a
second layer or cladding that is made up of glass or
plastic.The outermost layer is made up of plastic that acts as
a protective jacket.

PHOTOCHROMIC • Formed when glass is combined
GLASS with silver chloride

SUPERCONDUCTORS • Such as yttrium barium copper
oxide,YBCO ceramic is a composite
material that has superconductivity
properties other than alloys

PROPERTIES CONCRETE
*High compression
REINFORCES PROPERTIES
strength CONCRETE
*Low stretching strength *High compression
*Resistant to corrosion STEEL BARS strength
OR WIRE *High stretching
 PROPERTIES MESH strength
 s*tHreignhgtshtretching *Resistant to corrosion
 *Corrodes easily

PROPERTIES  PROPERTIES

*Low stretching strength PLASTIC  *High stretching
*Low heat and electrical FIBRE GLASS strength

conductivity GLASS FIBRE  Heat and electrical
*Resistant to corrosion insulator

*Durable  *Resistant to
corrosion
 PROPERTIES
 *High stretching  Durable

strength
 *Low heat and

electrical
conductivity

PROPERTIES PLASTIC  PROPERTIES
*High compression
OPTICAL  High compression
strength FIBRE strength
*Flexible
 Flexible
 PROPERTIES
GLASS FIBRE
 Low compression
strength

 Hard

PROPERTIES  PROPERTIES
*Transparent
*Does not absorb UV GLASS  Transparent
 Absorbs UV rays
rays PHOTOCHRO  The absorption of
*Not sensitive to light MIC GLASS UV rays depends on

 PROPERTIES light intensity

 Transparent to SILVER
visible light CHLORIDE

 Absorbs UV rays
 Sensitive to light

intensity

YTTRIUM(111)
CARBONATE

PROPERTY COPPER(11) SUPERCONDUCTOR  PROPERTY
CARBONATE (YBCO)  No electrical
*High electrical resistance at very
resistance at room BARIUM low temperature
CARBONATE
temperature

OXYGEN

BY;AIMAN 4 DLP