100 tired, weary, exhausted 48 Alice took a job picking fruit on a farm during the university vacation. The farmer’s wife showed her to the female workers’ accommodation. The bed was hard and uncomfortable, so Alice did not sleep well that night. She felt tired the following morning, before she had even begun her first day’s work. At the end of the afternoon, the weary workers returned to their hut. The farmer’s wife brought them some food for their evening meal. The other women sat outside chatting after they had eaten. Sally was so exhausted that she went straight to bed.
101 What do they mean? The adjectives tired, weary and exhausted are synonyms. They all describe someone who feels weak and sleepy, often after work or exercise. To be exhausted is to be very tired. The adjectives tired and weary can also describe a part of the body. • The tired children fell asleep in front of the TV. • My eyes were tired after reading for five hours on the plane. • The travellers were hungry and weary when they finally reached the hotel. • Mum sat down to rest her weary legs. • The men have worked all day without a break. They must be exhausted. Try it! A Write sentences containing the given adjectives. 1 (tired) 2 (weary) 3 (exhausted) B Here are some other words from the passage. Can you think of an antonym for each one? 1 female 2 hard 3 end 4 outside
102 victory, win / defeat 49 They went out for a drink to celebrate their victory. As they walked home, they discussed their next match, scheduled for the following Saturday. Peter and David had been badminton partners for several years. Much to their delight, they succeeded in beating two of their toughest opponents. ‘We only need one more win to become national champions,’ said Peter. ‘I know,’ said David, ‘so we must practise harder than ever this week.’ They played for two hours every evening, but all their efforts were in vain. Although they won the first few points, the match ended in defeat for them.
103 What do they mean? Victory is the act of winning a battle, election or sporting contest. You can also use the word as a countable noun. A win is a victory in a sporting contest. • All armies go into battle hoping for victory. • This is the third win of the season for the Brazilian driver. Defeat is the act of being beaten in a battle, election or sporting contest. You can also use the word as a countable noun. • Defeat in sport is often followed by a change of management for the team. • The government suffered a defeat in today’s vote in parliament. The nouns victory and win are antonyms of the noun defeat. They are opposite in meaning. • The election seems likely to be a victory for the Republicans and another defeat for the Democrats. Try it! A Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. You will have to use one of the words twice. defeat victory win 1 James seemed quite cheerful despite his . 2 The general proudly led his soldiers to . 3 should make you determined to do better next time. 4 The day ended with another for the Australian team. B Here are some other words from the passage. Can you think of an antonym for each one? 1 delight 2 succeeded 3 ended
104 writer, author / reader 50 Some still write their books by hand with pen and paper. They say that they cannot think properly when they are sitting in front of a computer screen. Professional authors have what appears to be a lonely life. They sit at their desk all day typing words into their computer. Most authors get letters from readers who have enjoyed their books. Not all these letters are full of praise. Some of them point out errors in the text. Readers are often able to meet their favourite writer when a new book is published. The writer sits in a bookshop autographing books that people have bought.
105 What do they mean? The nouns writer and author are synonyms. They both refer to a person who writes a book, a story or some other form of text, such as an article for a magazine. • The writer has made some factual errors in this book. • Do we have to ask the author’s permission if we want to quote from their work? The noun reader is an antonym of writer and author. It refers to a person who reads what a writer or author has written. • The writer should not assume that the reader already knows a lot about the subject. • Most readers of this author’s novels are aged between sixteen and thirty. Try it! A Circle the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 More and more (writers / readers) are publishing their own books in electronic form. 2 The (reader / author) did not like the changes that were made in the film version of her story. 3 The website contains reviews written by (readers / authors). 4 You should explain any difficult words in the text in order to help the (writer / reader) understand them. B Here are some other words from the passage. Can you think of a synonym for each one? 1 appears 2 get 3 errors 4 autographing
UNIT 1 A 1 absent 2 missing 3 present 4 missing B Possible answers: 1 nearly 2 start 3 agitated 4 rest UNIT 2 A 1 admitted 2 deny 3 confessed 4 denied B 1 surface 2 pleased 3 noticed 4 finally UNIT 3 1 disagree 2 argue 3 agree 4 quarrelled UNIT 4 1 too 2 instead 3 also 4 as well UNIT 5 A 1 ancient 2 modern 3 Modern 4 ancient B Possible answers: 1 everyone 2 useless 3 then 4 here UNIT 6 A 1 anxious 2 worried 3 nervous 4 calm B 1 well 2 slowly 3 deep 4 always UNIT 7 A 1 leave 2 come 3 arrived 4 departed B 1 collect 2 stopped 3 suggested Answers 106
UNIT 8 A 1 attack 2 defend 3 protect 4 defend 5 attacks 6 protect B 1 wise 2 close 3 try 4 mean UNIT 9 A 1 conceited 2 boastful 3 modest 4 boastful B Possible answers: 1 contest 2 saved 3 courage 4 accomplishment UNIT 10 1 fix 2 damage 3 break 4 mend UNIT 11 1 free 2 occupied 3 busy UNIT 12 A 1 choose 2 select 3 rejected 4 picked B Possible answers: 1 worst 2 buy 3 hate 4 little UNIT 13 A 1 close 2 near 3 nearby 4 far B Possible answers: 1 from 2 more 3 different 4 rarely UNIT 14 1 unusual 2 common 3 Rare 4 common UNIT 15 A 1 completely 2 totally 3 entirely 4 partly 107
B Possible answers: 1 cheap 2 back 3 remembered 4 leave UNIT 16 A 1 hero 2 coward 3 coward 4 hero 5 coward 6 hero B1 walking 2 hit 3 ran 4 real UNIT 17 1 low 2 shrill 3 deep 4 high UNIT 18 1 possibly 2 definitely 3 perhaps 4 certainly UNIT 19 A 1 early 2 late 3 prompt 4 punctual B Possible answers: 1 nothing 2 enemy 3 departure 4 unlikely UNIT 20 A 1 leave 2 Enter 3 exit 4 enter B Possible answers: 1 badly 2 earlier 3 shouted 4 pushed UNIT 21 1 Initially 2 finally 3 at first 4 eventually UNIT 22 A 1 fair 2 unjust 3 just 4 unfair B Possible answers: 1 neither 2 agreed 3 punishment 108
UNIT 23 A 1 glad 2 pleased 3 sorry 4 disappointed B1 somewhat 2 show 3 received 4 together UNIT 24 A 1 help 2 hindrance 3 assistance 4 hindrance B Possible answers: 1 enquired 2 require 3 fell UNIT 25 A 1 hide 2 showed 3 concealed 4 revealed B Possible answers: 1 expensive 2 minor 3 narrow 4 dry UNIT 26 A 1 hit 2 struck 3 missed 4 strike 5 missed 6 hit B Possible answers: 1 rapidly 2 centre 3 fortunately 4 uninjured UNIT 27 1 ill 2 Healthy 3 sick 4 well UNIT 28 A 1 immediately 2 straight away 3 at once 4 later B1 rushed 2 undone 3 ripped 4 mended UNIT 29 1 increase 2 decrease 3 reduce 4 increase UNIT 30 1 unkind 2 humane 3 cruel 109
4 kind UNIT 31 1 next 2 previous 3 following 4 last UNIT 32 A 1 made 2 produced 3 create 4 destroyed B Possible answers: 1 intelligent 2 changed 3 kill 4 marvellous UNIT 33 1 minimum 2 maximum 3 minimum 4 maximum UNIT 34 1 silence [OR peace] 2 sound 3 noise 4 quiet [OR silence] UNIT 35 A 1 rarely 2 often 3 seldom 4 frequently B Possible answers: 1 spectacles 2 correct 3 totally 4 errors UNIT 36 1 courteous 2 polite 3 rude UNIT 37 A 1 shoved 2 dragged 3 pushed 4 pulled B Possible answers: 1 younger 2 close 3 danger UNIT 38 A 1 reward 2 punish 3 punish 4 reward B Possible answers: 1 teach 2 heavy 3 goes 4 complex 110
UNIT 39 A 1 raw 2 Cooked 3 cooked 4 Raw 5 cooked 6 raw B Possible answers: 1 lasted 2 live 3 chiefly 4 dangerous UNIT 40 1 strolled 2 dashed 3 walked UNIT 41 1 long 2 brief 3 short 4 lengthy UNIT 42 1 murmured [OR whispered] 2 shouted [OR yelled] 3 yelled [OR cried] 4 murmured [OR muttered] UNIT 43 A 1 smile 2 grinned 3 frown 4 scowled 111 B Possible answers: 1 pretty 2 disliked 3 cross 4 fall UNIT 44 A 1 stop 2 start 3 cease 4 go B Possible answers: 1 answered 2 eventually 3 gifts UNIT 45 1 certain 2 unsure 3 uncertain 4 sure UNIT 46 A 1 student 2 instructor 3 pupil 4 teacher B Possible answers: 1 lesson 2 anxious 3 easy UNIT 47 A 1 tight
2 slack 3 tight 4 loose B Possible answers: 1 off 2 night 3 cool 4 pushed UNIT 48 A Possible answers: 1 The tired old man sat down on a bench. 2 My arms were weary from pulling on the rope. 3 Mum was exhausted by the time the last guest left. B Possible answers: 1 male 2 soft 3 beginning 4 inside UNIT 49 A 1 defeat 2 victory 3 Defeat 4 win B Possible answers: 1 distress 2 failed 3 began UNIT 50 A 1 writers 2 author 3 readers 4 reader B Possible answers: 1 seems 2 receive 3 mistakes 4 signing 112