004_FACTORS EFFECTING LEARNING_79_BACA

FACTORS AFFECTING
LEARNING

Presented by KHURRAM RAFI



Definition of learning.

Learning is a systematic
relatively permanent change
In behavior that occurs
through experience.

Why to study about the factors
affecting learning???

To solve the problems related
to learning

To improve our teaching

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

Readiness / Preparedness
Interest
Intelligence
Motivation
Attitude
Feelings

Psychological factors

Frustration
Aptitude
Mental Health
Natural Ability to learn
Individual Differences
Ability
Orientation
Fear of failure

Readiness / Preparedness

 To be mentally ready to
learn a skill is called
readiness.

“Bill guard said teaching is
a pleasant thing and it
would be pleasant only if
your students are internally
ready for learning”.

Interest

Interest refers to
the feeling of writing
to know or learn
about something

IMPLICATION FOR
TEACHING

Teachers should make the
lesson material relevant and
applicable to student’s lives
in order to build interest

Intelligence

Intelligence is a natural
capacity and ability
which helps the man to
understand and solve
the problems according
to the situation

Motivation

the internal process
that activates guides
and maintains behavior
over time, or influence
of need and desires on
the intensity and
direction of behavior

Intrinsic motivation

the motivation to
engage in a behavior
arises from within the
individual because it is
intrinsically rewarding.

Extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation refers to
our tendency to perform
activities for known external
reward, whether they are
tangible (for example money)
or psychological (for example
praise) in nature

Role of motivation on

learning

Students are more motivated to
engage in learning when they feel
competent to do what is expected of
them and perceive stable link
between actions and achievements,
they value the subject and have a
clear sense of purpose they
experience positive emotions
towards learning activities and
counter wise

Attitude

Human attitude is constructed
on the bases of one’s personal
thinking and ideologies he
likes and dislikes these
ideologies create feelings
among the individual

attitudes

Negative attitude slows
down the speed of learning
and positive attitude speeds
up learning process

IMPLICATION FOR TEACHING

Teachers must be cognizant of
these attitudes and over all
employ strategies that
encourages positive attitude

attitude

Teacher can create love for
education, hope, good ideas
and development by changing
the behavior of the learner.
Terrorism and social biasness
can also be eliminated by
changing the attitudes.

Feelings

feelings are the physical
sensation we experience in our
body and emotions are the
labels we give those sensations
in our minds

feelings

Love, fear and anger are
supposed to be the basic
feelings. Feeling is a power
which leads a person to its
successful destination.

Feelings

Negative behavior of parents,
teachers and peers, improper
environment, inferiority complex,
failure in some tasks also affects
the learning process.

Implication for teaching

Teachers should promote
positive feelings and
emotions. He has to
eradicate the feelings of
fear and anger from the
minds

Contii..

Hate for evil, pollution
and for the enemies of
the nation is a healthy
approach and should
be created in the
students.

Frustration

The feeling of being
upset or annoyed,
especially because of
inability to change or
achieve something is
called frustration

Cont..

Frustration is caused by a
lack of control over a
situation. The best way to
handle frustration is to back
away from the problem,
take a breath, and then
approach the problem
calmly and rationally

IMPLICATION FOR TEACHING

Take a break if the student
says, I cannot do it “and throws
the pencil down, take a little
break”. May be she/he needs to
ranted blow off a little steam-
come back in five minutes and
start fresh (those five minutes
could save you an hour of
struggle)

Aptitude

Aptitude is the potential in the
student, which has as yet not
been tapped and trained to a
skill level. A student, who
possesses appropriate aptitude
for a particular subject of study
or skill, will learn better and
retain it for a longer time

Implication for Teaching

Student without the natural
aptitude for the subject will
need to be given adequate time
to learn the required
information. Students with an
aptitude for a subject should be
challenged to develop their
potential for the subject

Mental Health

a person’s condition
with regard to his
psychological and
emotional well-being

Mental health

Mental health is also defined as
a state of well-being in which
every individual realizes his or
her own potential, can cope
with the normal stresses of life,
can work productively and
fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to her or his
community

Natural Ability to learn

Some learners have natural
ability to learn the things
quickly and some are slow
learners. Teachers have to
trace out the natural
abilities of the students to
make them a complete
personality.

Individual Differences

Learners have different
strategies, approaches,
and capabilities for
learning that are a
function of prior
experience and heredity

Individual Differences

Educators need to help
students examine their learning
preferences and expand or
modify them, if necessary. The
interaction between learner
differences and curricular and
environmental conditions is
another key factor affecting
learning outcomes

Ability

ability is what it is
present here and now in
the student, that is
extent to which an
individual can currently
execute a given task.

Implication for Teaching

As teachers, we must be
aware of about students’
individual differences .
These factors should be
taken into consideration
when we plan teaching and
learning process in the
classroom.

ability

Abilities are considered innate
capacities, the foundation upon
which the delegated tasks are
carried out

IMPLICATION FOR TEACHING

Students have different
intellectual strength, and
weaknesses. Teachers
should get to know their
students, and then they can
help them learn the lesson
content by teaching to their
strengths.

Orientation

Orientation can be described as
an integrated set of attitudes
beliefs and practices as well as
the alignment of oneself and
ones idea to circumstances and
context. Some students are
mastery oriented while others
are performance oriented

mastery oriented

 Students who are mastery oriented see
the purpose of schooling as gaining
competence in the skills being taught.
They focus on learning, mastering the
task according to self-set standards or
self-improvement if also encompasses
developing no skills, improving or
developing competence, trying to
accomplish something challenging and
tries to gain and understanding or insight

performance oriented

Students oriented towards
performance goals desire to gain
recognition from others and earn
good grades. These students focus
on getting good grades taking easily
course and avoiding challenging
situation they become discouraged
in the face of obstacles and
performance is seriously hampered

Implication for teaching

Teachers should try to convince
their students that learning more
than good grads is desirable;
teachers should therefore
deemphasized grads and emphasis
the interest value and practical
importance of material being
studied. They should design
assessment to encourage this.

Fear of failure

. It is a psychological problem
and when a learner think of
being fail this feeling affects his
learning. So teachers should
always motivate and encourage
the students and get them out
of this fear to improve their
learning.

2. PHYSIOLOGICAL / BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

1 Maturity
2.2 Needs
2.3 Physical Health
2.4 Self-concept
2.5 Proper Nutrition
2.6 Proper Sleep
Tiredness

physical maturity

The movements such as
walking reading writing
etc. are physical maturity
of the learner

Maturity

The changes and
development in the
structure of body and
mind are called
maturity

Cognitive maturity

Cognitive maturity
implies more than
the ability to
calculate or
memorize facts.

Conti..

. Cognitive maturity plays an
important role in the learning.
Maturity sets the level of
learning. As an individual get
mature the learning style and
learning objectives changes. It
is necessary for teachers to be
careful about the maturity level
of the learner.

Needs

A need is the lack of
something which if
provided, would
facilitate a child
/students usual
behavior.

Implication for teaching

 The teacher must be cognizant of students
unmet needs that may affect their
learning and take steps to have these
remedied. Meeting certain needs can also
act as a motivator and significantly
enhancing learning. For example a child
not receiving love and attention from
parents but gets this from teacher or
being provided meals at the school

Physical Health

A simple headache or stomachache
can play havoc with the process and
products of learning. A child who
does not maintain satisfactory
physical health, have to suffer
adversely in terms of gains in
learning Similarly, the mental state
and health of a learner at the time
of learning become potent factors in
deciding the outcome of his learning