तिसरी गणित

_mnZ - AmH$ma_mZ d YmaH$Vm

hr nmÊ`mZo ^abobr ^m§S>r AmhoV. H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV

H$_r nmUr d H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV OmñV nmUr _mdob

ho  {ZarjUmZo R>adm.

gdmªV OmñV nmUr ~mXbr_Ü`o Am{U gdmªV H$_r nmUr dmQ>r‘ܶo _mdob.













40 ½bmg nmUr AmoVë`mda 10 Vm§~o ^ê$Z nmUr

hr ~mXbr nyU© ^abr. AmoVë`mda hr ~mXbr nyU© ^abr.

VodT>çmM nmÊ`mMo _mnZ doJdoJio Amho, H$maU doJdoJir gmYZo dmnabr AmhoV.

~mXbrV H$moUrhr nmUr ^abo Var _mnZ EH$M Agbo nm{hOo.

Ë`mgmR>r à_m{UV EH$H$ dmnaUo JaOoMo Amho.

ho 1 brQ>aMo _mn Amho. XÿYdmë`mH$S>o ho _mn AgVo. XÿY, Vob

`m§gmaIo ÐdnXmW© `m _mnmZo _moOVmV.

nmÊ`mMr 1 brQ>aMr ~mQ>br Amnë`mbm ghO {_iy eH$Vo.



{deofV: am°Ho$b ‘moOʶmgmR>r eoOmarb {MÌmV XmIdbobo

EH$ brQ>aMo ‘mn dmnaVmV.

brQ>a ho ÐdnXmW© _moOÊ`mMo à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.

D Vm§ã`m, S>~m, nmVobr Aem doJdoJiçm AmH$mam§Mr ^m§S>r KoD$Z Ë`mV 1 brQ>a, 1 brQ>anojm
H$_r qH$dm 1 brQ>anojm OmñV nmUr _mdob H$m, `mMm A§XmO H$am. àË`j 1 brQ>aMr ~mQ>br
dmnê$Z nS>Vmim ¿`m.

41

darb à˶oH$ ^m§S>çmV 3 brQ>a nmUr AmoVm. ^m§S>çm§Mm AmH$ma doJdoJim Agë`m_wio Ë`mVrb
nmUr doJiçm AmH$mamMo {Xgob ; nU àË`oH$ ^m§S>çmVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ 3 brQ>a Amho.

`m ~mXbrV 1 brQ>aÀ`m 5 ~mQ>ë`m nmUr AmoVbo. `mVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ
5 brQ>a Amho.
hrM ~mXbr nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r ˶mV {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr _mdVo Vo nmhm.
¶m ~mXbrV 12 brQ>a nmUr _mdVo, åhUOo `m ~mXbrMr YmaH$Vm 12 brQ>a Amho.

KmJa, ~mXbr, qnn, h§S>m, nmVobo qH$dm H$moUVohr ^m§S>o nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r
OodT>o nmUr bmJVo, Vr Ë`m ^m§S>çm§Mr YmaH$Vm AgVo.

F nmd brQ>a YmaH$VoMr ~mQ>br ¿¶m. ¶m ‘mnmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo ^m§S>çmda IwUm H$ê$Z nwT>rb ‘mno

V¶ma H$am.

D XmoZ brQ>a D AYm© brQ>a D XrS> brQ>a

D nmd brQ>a

F Imbrb ~m~tgmR>r Vw‘À¶m Kar A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr dmnaVmV Vo Zm|Xdm.

D A§KmoirgmR>r D ^m§S>r ñdÀN> H$aʶmgmR>r D Vm|S> YwʶmgmR>r

D gS>m-gmadUmgmR>r D {nʶmgmR>r D ~mJogmR>r

D ñd¶§nmH$mgmR>r D Xhm H$n MhmgmR>r D dmhZ YwʶmgmR>r

F nmUr H$moR>oH$moR>o dm¶m OmVo, ˶m {R>H$mUm§Mr ¶mXr H$am. {H$Vr nmUr dm¶m OmVo ¶mMm A§XmO

¿¶m d Cnm¶ gwMdm.

A.H«$. {R>H$mU A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a Cnm¶
nmUr dm¶m OmVo ?

42

{d^mJ Xþgam

AmH¥${V~§Y 

F Ajam§À¶m H«$‘m‘ܶo H$moUVo AmH¥${V~§Y AmhoV Vo bjmV ¿¶m.

ABABABABAB

AABAABAAB

F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Y nmhm. ˶m§n¡H$s ABAB gmaIm H$moUVm, AAB AAB gmaIm H$moUVm d

ABC ABC gmaIm H$moUVm Vo Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.

D D




D



D

D



D



F Imbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV AAB AAB..... AmH¥${V~§YmgmaIm EH$ AmH¥${V~§Y Vwåhr V¶ma H$am.

F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo nwT>o ¶oUmar {MÌo H$mT>m.
D ..............................
D ................

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçm϶mªZr V¶ma Ho$bobo AmH¥${V~§Y O‘m H$ê$Z Vo àX{e©V H$am.

43

F AmH¥${V~§Y bjmV KoD$Z Mm¡H$Q>r nyU© H$am.

1  1 = 1 2  2 = 4 3 3 = 9 ....... ....... 66 =36

5 10 15 30

2 9 16 30 44

F EImXm AmH¥${V~§Y ñdV: V¶ma H$am.
44

F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vrbm EH$ H«$‘m§H$ {Xbobm Amho.

....

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

darb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo {H$Vì¶m H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "{ÌH$moU' AmhoV Am{U {H$Vì¶m

H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "dVw©i' AmhoV?
{Vgar AmH¥$Vr {ÌH$moU Amho. ghmdr AmH¥$Vr .... Amho. AmR>dr AmH¥$Vr .... Agob.

AH$amdr.... , n§Yamdr.... , {dgmdr.... , n§M{dgmdr.... Agob.

F Imbrb H$moîQ>H$mVrb AmH¥${VH«$‘m‘ܶo nwT>o ¶oUmar AmH¥$Vr H$mT>m d JmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m {bhm.

AmH¥$VrMm 1 2 3 4 5 6
H«$‘

JmoQ>çm§Mr
‘m§S>Ur

JmoQ>çm§Mr 1 3
g§»¶m

{Vgè¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV. Mm¡Ï¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV.
gmVì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb, ho Vwåhr {MÌ Z H$mT>Vm AmoiIy eH$Vm H$m?
{H$Vr Vo {bhm. AmVm {MÌ H$mTy>Z nmhm. Vw‘Mo CËVa Vnmgm.
Xhmì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb ?

Q>moZr : Aao ~Km, ‘bm ¶m {XZX{e©Ho$V H$m¶ gmnS>b§ ! BWo Va doJimM AmH¥${V~§Y Amho.

Oa AmS>ì¶m am§JoVë¶m ¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br, Va CËVa ¶oV§ 27 Am{U Cä¶m

am§JoVë¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr ¶oVo 27.

gmoZy : Am{U {Va³¶m nQ²>Q>rdaÀ¶m ¶m a{d gmo‘ ‘§Ji ~wY Jwê$ ewH«$ e{Z
VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO gwX²Ym ¶oVo 1234
27 !
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
gb‘m : S>mdrH$S>o Mm¡H$Q>rVë¶m VrZ

AmoirVë¶m 3 g§»¶m nmhm. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

˶m§Vë¶m ‘Yë¶m AmS>ì¶m, 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

‘Yë¶m Cä¶m d {Va߶m am§JoVë¶m 26 27 28 29 30 31
g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr g‘mZ Amho.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {XZX{e©Ho$Vrb EH$m nmZmdarb g§»¶m§‘ܶo AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y emoYʶmg àd¥ËV H$amdo.

45

F Imbr XmIdboë¶m ’$aí¶m§À¶m OwiUrVrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
¶oWo ’$aí¶m§Mr OwiUr {d{eîQ> àH$mao Ho$br Amho. XmoZ ’$aí¶m§‘ܶo ‘moH$ir OmJm am{hbobr

Zmhr qH$dm O{‘ZrMm ^mJ CKS>m am{hbobm Zmhr, ho bjmV ¿¶m.

F EH$mM àH$maÀ¶m ’$aí¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am. ¶mM
’$aí¶m dmnê$Z AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y H$aVm ¶oVmo H$m Vo nmhm.

F Imbrb {MÌmVrb AmH¥${V~§Y nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r H$moU˶m ’$aerMm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm Amho, Vo
bjmV ¿¶m d OmoS>çm bmdm.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : n[agamVrb ’$aí¶m§À¶m ‘m§S>Ur‘wio V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶m§À¶m
d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr MMm© H$amdr. EImXçm eoVmbm ^oQ> XoD$Z VoWrb amonm§À`m bmdUr_Ü`o AmH¥${V~§Y {XgVmV
H$m Vo nmhʶmg gm§Jmdo.

46

  g‘{‘Vr  

F ~mOy˦m nmZmMo {ZarjU H$am.
AemM àH$maMo PmS>mMo nmZ ¿¶m, Á¶mbm AZoH$ {eam AmhoV.
‘Ymo‘Y EH$ C^r era Amho. ˶m {eaoda nmZmbm KS>r Kmbm.
AmnUm§g H$m¶ {Xgob ?
nmZmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m ^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiVmo.
nmZmÀ¶m BVa {eam§da doJdoJiçm àH$mao KS>çm KmbyZ nmhm. AmnUm§g H$m¶ {Xgob ?
nmZmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m ^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiV Zmhr.

AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo EH$ {ÌH$moUr H$mJX ¿¶m.
Cä¶m VwQ>H$ aoKoda KS>r Kmbm. {ÌH$moUmH¥$Vr H$mJXmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m

^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiVmo H$m ?


Xþgè¶m AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo doJim {ÌH$moUr H$mJX KoD$Z
Cä¶m VwQ>H$ aoKoda KS>r Kmbm. {ÌH$moUr H$mJXmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m
^mJmer V§VmoV§V OwiVmo H$m ?

EImXçm aofoZo AmH¥$VrMo hmoUmao XmoZ ^mJ EH$‘oH$m§er V§VmoV§V OwiV AgVrb, Va Vr AmH¥$Vr
˶m aofoÀ¶m g§X^m©V g‘{‘V AmH¥$Vr AgVo Am{U OwiV ZgVrb, Va Vr AmH¥$Vr ˶m aofoÀ¶m
g§X^m©V g‘{‘V ZgVo.

F {Xboë¶m VwQ>H$ aofoer g‘{‘V Agboë¶m d g‘{‘V Zgboë¶m AmH¥$˶m§Mo {ZarjU H$am.

g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr

g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr
47
g‘{‘V Zmhr

g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr
g‘{‘V Amho

F Imbrb {MÌo EImXçm aofoÀ¶m g§X^m©V g‘{‘V AmhoV qH$dm ZmhrV Vo R>adm. g‘{‘V
Agë¶mg {MÌmImbrb Mm¡H$Q>rV 3 Aer IyU H$am d Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.





F Imbrb à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vr g‘{‘V Amho, ho nmhʶmgmR>r Á¶m {R>H$mUr KS>r Kmbmdr bmJob
Aem {R>H$mUr aoK H$mT>m.


F Imbrb g‘{‘V AmH¥$˶m§Mo gmaIo AgUmao XmoZ AY} ^mJ XmoZ doJiçm a§Jm§Zr a§Jdm.

F EH$ Mm¡ag AmH$mamMm H$mJX ¿¶m. ¶m H$mJXmbm doJdoJiçm àH$mao KS>çm KmbyZ g‘{‘Vr
Vnmgm.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : g‘^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘X²{d^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ, dVw©i Aem AmH$mam§Mo H$mJX XoD$Z g‘{‘Vr

VnmgʶmMm CnH«$‘ H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm.

Á¶m àmʶm§Mr, nú¶m§Mr, nmZm§Mr, ’w$bm§Mr {MÌo g‘{‘V AmhoV, Aem {MÌm§Mm g§J«h H$ê$Z

¿¶mdm.

48

~§{XñV d Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m

~§{XñV Iwbo
H$mhr ~§{XñV AmH¥$˶m H$mhr Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m

H$ {dMma H$am. \$
A ~ n _$

{Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo {Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo n
A Am{U ~ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? Am{U ’$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? ˶mM
˶mMàH$mao ~ Am{U H$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm nX²YVrZo n Am{U ‘$ ¶m§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ?
¶oB©b H$m ?

F nwT>o {Xboë¶m AmH¥$˶m§n¡H$s ~§{XñV d Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m AmoiIm. M

D

F eoOmarb am§Jmoiçm§V ~§{XñV
Agboë¶m Am{U Zgboë¶m
AmH¥$˶m§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
am§Jmoiçm§V a§J ^am.

49

 ~oarO : hmVÀ¶mMr 

gb‘mOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 7 ‘mim Am{U 7 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 77 ‘Ur AmhoV.
gmoZyOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 8 ‘mim Am{U 5 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 85 ‘Ur AmhoV.

gb‘m

gmoZy
XmoKtOdiÀ¶m ‘mim d ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$bo, Voìhm XeH$m§À¶m 15 ‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 12 gwQ>o
‘Ur am{hbo.
10 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ åhUyZ 12 gwQ>çm ‘ʶm§n¡H$s 10 ‘ʶm§Mr 1 ‘mi Ho$br. 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
am{hbo ; åhUOo AmVm XmoKtOdi {‘iyZ 16 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m.
10 XeH$ {‘iyZ 1 eVH$ hmoVmo, åhUyZ ˶m§Zr 10 XeH$‘mim EH$‘oH$s§Zm OmoS>ë¶m d 1
eVH$‘mi V¶ma Ho$br.

XmoKtMo ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$ë¶mda 1 eVH$‘mi Pmbr, 6 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
Cabo.

F [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV ¶mo½¶ g§»¶m {bhm.

12 X åhUOo 1 e 2  X 1 e 2 X = 12  X

15 X åhUOo e X 1 e 4 X = X

17 X åhUOo e X 3 e 2 X = X

18 X åhUOo e X 4 e 3 X = X

21 X åhUOo e X 5 e 9 X = X
50

n ~oarO hmVÀ`mMr

e ee X XX EE EE EE EE EE EE E E + 1 e 2 X 8 E
2 e 1 X 6 E

3 e 3 X 14 E

1 X 4 E

EH$H$m§Mr ~oarO Ho$ë¶mda 14 EH$H$ hmoVmV. 14 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ Am{U 4 EH$H$. hm

XeH$, XeH$m˦m KamV ZoD$. AmVm ~oarO ~Km.

e X E EH$H$mÀ¶m KamV 4 EH$H$ CaVrb. Vo aoKoImbr EH$H$mÀ`m KamV
hmVMo 1 {b{hbo.

1 2 8 XeH$mÀ¶m KamV n{hbo 2 Am{U 1 d Zdm 1 {‘iyZ 4 XeH$
+ 2 1 6 Pmbo. Vo XeH$m˦m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbo. eVH$m˦m KamVrb
A§H$m§Mr ~oarO 3 Ambr. Vr eVH$mÀ¶m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbr.
3 4 14
XmoÝhr g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO 3 e 4 X 4 E åhUOo 344.

F 1 e X E
1 ee 5 X 2 E hm V Mo 11 5 2
ee XX XX XX XX XX EE EE +
X X E 1 e 7 X 3 EE + 13 1 27 53
3 e 12 X 5

12 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ Am{U 2 XeH$. hm Zdm 1 eVH$, eVH$mÀ¶m KamV ‘m§Sy>.

Vmo Zdm eVH$ eVH$mÀ¶m KamV Zobm, åhUyZ XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 2 am{hbo. eVH$m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$.

n{hbo 2 eVH$ Am{U 1 Zdm eVH$ {‘iyZ 3 eVH$ Pmbo. ~oarO Ambr 325.

F Imbr {Xbobo ~oaOoMo CXmhaU Aä`mgm.


e X E e X E e X E

2 6 7 1 1 hmVM o 1 1 7
+ 5 3 9
9 + 52 36 7 + 25 6 6
9 3

10 16 8 0
1e0X 1X6E

51

~oarO

F CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.

e X E e X E e X E e X E



+ 41 3 65 + 25 4 77 + 32 4 99 + 43 63 55
7 1 1

e X E e X E e X E e X E

+ 3 56 65 + 5 41 99 + 7 42 28 + 8 5 0
6 0

n nwT>rb CXmhaU nmhm.
AmVm VrZ g§»`m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$. arV VrM Amho.
e X E EH$H$mnmgyZ gwédmV H$ê$. EH$H$m§Mr ~oarO 16.

1 1 16 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ 6 EH$H$. XeH$mÀ`m KamV da 1 {bhÿ.
EH$H$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr 6 {bhÿ. EH$H$mZ§Va XeH$mÀ`m KamVrb A§H$m§Mr
2 1 7 ~oarO H$ê$. Vr 17 `oVo. 10 XeH$m§Mm 1 eVH$ hmoVmo. Vmo ZdrZ 1 eVH$,
+ 1 6 5 eVH$mÀ`m KamV da {bhÿ d 7 hm A§H$ XeH$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ.
+ 9 4 eodQ>r eVH$mÀ`m KamVrb A§H$m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$. eVH$m§Mr ~oarO 4. Vr
eVH$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ.
4 7 6 ~oarO Ambr 476.

F CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.

e X E e X E e X E e X E

4 3 2 3 9 5 + + 241 7 2 + 23 5 0
+ 9 4 + 6 2 0 9 4 5
+ 5 + 8 4 4 2 + 2 4

F Imbrb ~oaOm H$am. 6 4 3 D 4 3 7
D + 13 7 248 D ++ 251 082 000 D + + 5 7 + 1 2 3
+ 2 9 6 + 2 4 5
3

52

F C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z ~oarO H$am. D 536 + 236 + 19 D 749 + 128
D 235 + 146 D 346 + 129

e X E

D 275 + 246 D 382 + 199 D 455 + 267 D 545 + 165

D 270 + 196 + 58 D 370 + 195 D 307 + 245 D 162 + 375

F AmS>ì¶m ‘m§S>UrZo ~oarO H$am. (hmVMm Amë`mg _ZmV Yam.)
D 396 + 45 D 575 + 31 D 644 + 308 D 647 + 56
D 742 + 9 D 547 + 8 D 609 + 8 D 701 + 9
D 199 + 1 D 299 + 1 D 399 + 1 D 499 + 1
D 599 + 1 D 699 + 1 D 799 + 1 D 899 + 1 D 999 + 1
F ~oarO 100 ¶oB©b Aem OmoS>çm {bhm. F ~oarO 120 ¶oB©b Aem OmoS>çm {bhm.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçm϶mªZm ~oaOoMr ^anya CXmhaUo H$aʶmg XoD$Z gamd ¿¶mdm.

53

empãXH$ CXmhaUo

F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D J«m‘ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV 365 pñ̶m d 276 nwéf e X E

gh^mJr Pmbo, Va EHy$U {H$Vr 춳Vr gh^mJr + 32 67 56 pnñwéÌf¶m
Pmë¶m ?

A{^¶mZmV EHy$U 춳Vr gh^mJr Pmë¶m.

D ‘mbVr~mBªZr emioÀ¶m J§«Wmb¶mbm 350 nwñVHo$,
dg§Vamdm§Zr 400 nwñVHo$ d O`§Vamdm§Zr 165 nwñVHo$
^oQ> {Xbr, Va EHy$U {H$Vr nwñVHo$ J§«Wmb¶mbm ^oQ>
{‘imbr ?

D Q>oH$S>rda 230 Jwb‘mohamMr, 375 H$Sy>qb~mMr d
160 gmJmMr PmS>o bmdbr, Va EHy$U {H$Vr
PmS>o bmdbr ?

D àXÿfU MmMUr H|$ÐmV 193 XþMmH$s dmhZm§Mr d
297 MmaMmH$s dmhZm§Mr àXÿfU MmMUr Ho$br, Va
EHy$U {H$Vr dmhZm§Mr àXÿfU MmMUr Ho$br ?

F {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao ~oaOoMr empãXH$ CXmhaUo

V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm. e X E
‘m{hVr : d¥jqXS>r - 345 ‘wbJo, 275 ‘wbr.

CXmhaU : d¥jqXS>rV 345 ‘wbJo d 275 ‘wbr gh^mJr
+ 23 47 55 ‘‘wwbbrJo
Pmë¶m, Va EHy$U {H$Vr ‘wbo d¥jqXS>rV gh^mJr
Pmbr? EHy$U ‘wbo

d¥jqXS>rV EHy$U ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr.

D JmoîQ>tMr nwñVHo$ 50, H${dVm§Mr nwñVHo$ 75. D Q>monbrVrb Am§~o 35, noê$ 45.

D ’«$m°H$Mr qH$‘V 275 én¶o, eQ>©Mr qH$‘V 399 én¶o.

54

  dOm~mH$s : hmVÀ¶mMr  

dOm~mH$s hmVÀ¶mMr (nyd©V¶mar)

F

10 én¶o åhUOo 1 én¶mMr 10 ZmUr.

100 én¶o åhUOo 10 én¶m§À¶m 10 ZmoQ>m åhUOoM 1 én¶mMr 100 ZmUr.



10 Cgm§Mr EH$ _moir ¶mà‘mUo 10 ‘moiçm åhUOo EHy$U 100 D$g.

gmoZy : ‘m¶mH$S>o 100 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m AmhoV. ‘bm Z§Xÿbm 70 én¶o Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
gb‘m : Vy H$go Xoerb ?
gmoZy : ‘r 100 én¶m§Mr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z 10 én¶m§À¶m 10 ZmoQ>m AmUVo.
Z§Xÿ : ˶m§VyZ Vy ‘bm 10 én¶m§À¶m 7 ZmoQ>m Xo.

gb‘m : åhUOo gmoZyH$S>o 100 én¶m§Mr 1 ZmoQ> d 10 én¶m§À¶m 3 ZmoQ>m CaVrb.

gmoZy : hmo ! åhUOo ‘m¶mH$S>o 130 én¶o CaVrb.

1 eVH$ = 10 XeH$

2 eVH$ = 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 4 eVH$ = 3 eVH$ 10 XeH$

3 eVH$ = 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 7 eVH$ = 6 eVH$ 10 XeH$

5 eVH$ = 4 eVH$ + XeH$ 6 eVH$ = eVH$ + 10 XeH$

55

F dOm~mH$s H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr 1 eVH$ qH$dm 1 XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo. OmñV eVH$
qH$dm OmñV XeH$ AgVrb Var EH$M eVH$ qH$dm EH$M XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo.

3 eVH 2 eVH$
¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$. ¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$
100 100 100 Am{U ˶m§Vrb 1 XeH$mMo EH$H$ H$ê$.

10 10 10 10 100 100

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10
3 eVH$ åhUOo 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$.
1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

dOm~mH$s : XeH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z 2 eVH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$,
åhUOoM 1 eVH$ 9 XeH$ 10 EH$H$.

F Imbrb CXmhaU Aä¶mgm.

X E ‘m¶mOdi 51 én¶o AmhoV. XhmÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m d 1 gwQ>m én¶m Amho. ˶m§VyZ
‘bm 24 én¶o XþH$mZXmambm Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
- 5 1 EH$H$mVrb 1 ‘YyZ 4 XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ XhmMr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z {VMo
2 4 10 gwQ>o én¶o H$ê$.



X E AmVm ‘m¶mOdi XhmÀ¶m 4 ZmoQ>m d gwQ>o Pmbobo 10 én¶o Am{U AmYrMm
1 én¶m {‘iyZ 11 gwQ>o én¶o hmoVrb.
4 11 11 gwQ>çm én`m§_YyZ 4 gwQ>o én`o XoD$, åhUyZ 11 ‘YyZ 4 dOm H$ê$. 7 gwQ>o
én`o CaVmV. ho 7 EH$H$mImbr {bhÿ.
- 5 1 AmVm XeH$m§Mr dOm~mH$s H$ê$. 4 ‘YyZ 2 dOm H$ê$. Cabo 2.
2 4 dOm~mH$s Ambr 27, åhUyZ _mÂ`mH$S>o 27 én`o Cabo.

2    7

F dOm~mH$s H$am.

X E X E X E X E

5 12

- 6 2 - 7 3 - 8 1 - 9 0
2 7 4 5 5 8 6 9

3    5

56

dOm~mH$s : eVH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z

F Z§XÿOdi 100 én¶m§À¶m 5 ZmoQ>m, 10 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m d 1 én¶mMr 7 ZmUr AmhoV. ˶mZo
gmoZybm ˶m§n¡H$s 318 én¶o {Xbo, Va ˶mÀ¶mOdi {H$Vr én¶o Cabo ?

e X E 7 Zmʶm§VyZ 8 ZmUr XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ 10 À¶m XmoZ
1 17 ZmoQ>m§n¡H$s 1 ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$amdr bmJUma.
˶m‘wio ¶oWo 10 À¶m EH$m ZmoQ>oMo 10 d n{hbo 7 åhUOo 17 gwQ>o
- 35 2 7 én¶o hmoVrb. 17 ‘YyZ 8 én¶o XoD$. 10 Mr 1 ZmoQ> Amho, Vr
1 8 XoD$, åhUOo 10 Mr ZmoQ> CaUma Zmhr. e§^amÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m§‘YyZ
3 ZmoQ>m XoVm ¶oVrb, åhUyZ Z§XÿOdi 209 én¶o CaVrb.
2 0 9

F dOm~mH$s H$am : 545 - 265

e X E 545 åhUOo 5 eVH$ 4 XeH$ d 5 EH$H$. ˶m§VyZ 265 dOm
H$am¶Mo AmhoV. 5 EH$H$m§‘YyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$. Cabo eyݶ
4 14
EH$H$. AmVm 4 XeH$m§VyZ 6 XeH$ dOm H$aVm ¶oUma ZmhrV, nU

- 25 4 5 5 eVH$ AmhoV, ˶m§Vrb 1 eVH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$. eVH$mÀ¶m KamV
6 5 4 am{hbo. EH$m eVH$mMo 10 XeH$ hmoVmV. Vo 10 d AmYrMo 4 Ago

2 8 0 14 XeH$ AmhoV. ˶m§VyZ 6 XeH$ dOm H$ê$, åhUOo 8 Cabo. AmVm
4 eVH$m§VyZ 2 eVH$ dOm H$ê$. CËVa Ambo 280.

F dOm~mH$s H$am.

e X E e X E e X E e X E



- 21 7 18 - 6 5 4 - 27 3 1 - 82 3 5
3 5 6 4 8 5 8

e X E e X E e X E e X E



- 52 6 7 - 66 5 0 - 73 7 5 - 61 8 0
4 9 4 5 9 7 5 4

57

F dOm~mH$s H$am : 507 - 288

e X E 7 EH$H$mVyZ 8 EH$H$ dOm hmoV ZmhrV, åhUyZ EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im
4 190 17 H$am¶bm hdm; nU XeH$ñWmZrhr H$mhr Zmhr, åhUyZ 1 eVH$
- 25 0 7 ‘moH$im H$ê$Z 10 XeH$ {‘idy. ‘J ˶m§Vrb EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im
8 8 H$ê$Z 10 EH$H$ {‘iVmV. Vo d n{hbo 7 Ago 17 EH$H$ Pmbo.
˶m§VyZ 8 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$Z 9 EH$H$ Cabo, Vo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ.
2 1 9 AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 9 AmhoV, ˶mVyZ 8 dOm Ho$bo. 1 XeH$ Cabm
Vmo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. eodQ>r 4 eVH$ {eëbH$ AmhoV. ˶mVyZ 2 dOm
H$ê$Z Cabobo 2 eVH$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. dOm~mH$s 219 Ambr.

F dOm~mH$s H$am : 900 - 365

e X E ¶oWo 0 EH$H$mVyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm hmoV ZmhrV, åhUyZ XeH$ ‘moH$im
8 190 10 H$am¶bm hdm; nU XeH$ñWmZrhr H$mhr Zmhr, åhUyZ 1 eVH$
- 93 0 0 ‘moH$im H$ê$Z 10 XeH$ {‘idy. ‘J ˶mVrb EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im
6 5 H$ê$Z 10 EH$H$ {‘iVmV. ˶m§VyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$. Cabobo
5 EH$H$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ.
5 3 5 AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 9 AmhoV, ˶m§VyZ 6 dOm Ho$bo. 3 XeH$ Cabo
Vo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. eodQ>r 8 eVH$ {eëbH$ AmhoV. ˶m§VyZ 3 dOm
F dOm~mH$s H$am. H$ê$Z Cabobo 5 eVH$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. dOm~mH$s 535 Ambr.
e X E
e X E e X E e X E



- 2 0 5 - 3 0 0 - 82 0 0 - 37 0 0
6 9 5 0 7 4 8

F C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z dOm~mH$s H$am.

D 245 - 6 D 348 - 59 D 556 - 368

D 407 - 240 D 845 - 657 D 932 - 754

F {Xbobo A§H$ dmnê$Z gdmªV ‘moR>r VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m d gdmªV bhmZ VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m V¶ma

H$am d ˶m§Mr dOm~mH$s H$am.

D 3, 5, 4 D 6, 5, 1 D 7, 2, 5 D 3, 4, 8

58

empãXH$ CXmhaUo

D _hmamO ~mJoV 175 Am{U e X E

g`mOr ~mJoV 268 PmS>o AmhoV.
Va g`mOr ~mJoV, _hmamO ~mJonojm {H$Vr PmS>o
- 12 6 8 g`mOr ~mJoVrb PmS>o
OmñV AmhoV ? 7 5 _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV.

˶m§VyZ _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>m§Mr g§»`m dOm H$ê$. OmñV PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV.

D XþH$mZmV H$mhr nwñVHo$ AmhoV. XþH$mZXmamZo AmUIr 125 nwñVHo$
AmUbr. XþH$mZmV EHy$U 234 nwñVHo$ Pmbr, Va gwédmVrbm
XþH$mZXmamH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ hmoVr ?

D emioV 350 ‘wbr d 215 ‘wbJo AmhoV, Va ‘wb½¶m§nojm ‘wbr {H$Vr
OmñV AmhoV ?

D ‘oarH$S>o 500 én¶o hmoVo. {VZo ˶m§n¡H$s 275 én¶m§Mr nwñVHo$ KoVbr, Va
{VÀ¶mH$S>o {H$Vr én¶o {eëbH$ am{hbo ?

F {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao dOm~mH$sMr empãXH$

CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
‘m{hVr : A‘ZH$S>o 325 ‘Ur, gwb^mH$S>o 150 ‘Ur . e X E

CXmhaU : A‘ZH$S>o 325 ‘Ur AmhoV. gwb^mH$S>o 2 5 ‘Ur A‘ZH$S>o
¿¶mdo, - 13 5 0 ‘Ur gwb^mH$So
150 ‘Ur AmhoV. gwb^mZo AmUIr {H$Vr ‘Ur
åhUOo XmoKm§H$S>o gmaIo ‘Ur hmoVrb ?
‘Ur ¿¶mdo
gwb^mZo AmUIr ‘Ur ¿¶mdo.

F ‘m{hVrdê$Z dOm~mH$sMr CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.

D 257 ‘Ur, 300 ‘Ur. D hmnygMo Am§~o 324, nm¶arMo Am§~o 268.

D 188 Am§ã¶mMr PmS>o, 275 noê$Mr PmS>o. D JìhmMr nmoVr 932, ÁdmarMr nmoVr 750.

D 195 H$miçm gm¶H$br, 100 bmb gm¶H$br. D 168 én¶o, 622 én¶o.

59

~oarO-dOm~mH$s

F Imbrb CXmhaUo Vm|S>r gmoS>dm.

D ‘mbVrH$S>o 15 {Zio d 7 bmb ’w$Jo AmhoV, Va EHy$U ’w$Jo {H$Vr?

D A{OVH$S>o H$mhr {~¶m AmhoV. gmJaZo ˶mbm 25 {~¶m {Xë¶m. AmVm A{OVH$S>o 65
{~¶m Pmë¶m, Va A{OVH$S>o AmYr {H$Vr {~¶m hmo˶m ?

D EH$m Q>monbrV Jwbm~mMr d ‘moJè¶mMr {‘iyZ 80 ’w$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s 30 ’w$bo
Jwbm~mMr AmhoV, Va ‘moJè¶mMr ’w$bo {H$Vr ?

D d¥jqXS>rV 100 ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr. ˶m§V 60 ‘wbr AmhoV, Va ‘wbJo {H$Vr ?

D AH$~aZo 42 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo 35 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo AOyZ {H$Vr ~Q>mQ>o
gmobbo åhUOo AH$~aZo gmobboë`m ~Q>mQ>çm§EdT>o ~Q>mQ>o gmobyZ hmoVrb ?

F ‘m{hVr d àíZm§À¶m AmYmao empãXH$ CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
Q>moZrH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 75, gmoZyH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 40, Z§XÿH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 80.
D Q>moZr d gmoZyH$S>rb {‘iyZ nwñVHo$ {H$Vr ?
D Q>moZrH$S>o gmoZynojm {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D Q>moZrnojm Z§XÿH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D gmoZyZo AOyZ {H$Vr nwñVHo$ ¿¶mdr, åhUOo Q>moZr d gmoZy `m§À`mH$S>o g_mZ nwñVHo$ hmoVrb ?

F ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.

D bmb JmoQ>çm 150, {Ziçm JmoQ>çm 220, {haì¶m JmoQ>çm 75.
gmoZyMo JwU 331.
D gb‘mMo JwU 272, Z§XÿMo JwU 245,

D Ymd’$bH$ :
AemoH$ - 110,
gbr‘ - 92,
S>opìhS> - 48.


60

  JwUmH$ma 

XeH$m§Mm JwUmH$ma

Q>moZr : EImXçm g§»`obm 10 Zo JwUUo åhUOo ˶m g§»¶oMr XhmnQ> H$aUo.

3  10 åhUOo 3 Mr XhmnQ>, VrZ Xmho Vrg, 3  10 = 30 ¶mà‘mUo

4  10 = 40, 5  10 = 50, 6  10 = 60, 10  10 = 100.

gmoZy : åhUOo 13  10 = 130, 24  10 = 240 Am{U 40  10 = 400 Ago ¶oB©b.

VmB© : EImXçm g§»`obm XhmZo JwUUo åhUOo Ë`m g§»`oÀ`m nwTo EH$ eyÝ` {b{hUo.

gb‘m : 20  3 åhUOo 20 + 20 + 20 = 60 ¶oVmV.

Q>moZr : 20  3 åhUOo 2 XeH$m§Mr {VßnQ> = 6 XeH$ = 60.

VmB© : 20  3 H$aVmZm 2 d 3 ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$ê$ d nwT>o eyݶ {bhÿ. JwUmH$ma Ambm 60.

¶mà‘mUo

20  6 = 2 X  6 = 12 X = 120 50  7 = 35 X = 350

40  5 = 4 X  5 = 20 X = 200 80  3 = 24 X = 240

gmoZy : Oa XmoÝhr g§»¶m§À¶m EH$H$ñWmZr eyݶ Agob Va ?

VmB© : 30  20 hm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm XmoÝhrn¡H$s EH$ g§»¶m XeH$ê$nmV {bhm.

30  20 åhUOoM 30  2 X.

gb‘m : ho Va 60 X Pmbo, åhUOo 600 Pmbo.

gmoZy : 30  20 åhUOo 600 Pmbo Zm ?

Q>moZr : 3 X  2 X åhUOo 6 e Pmbo, Ag§M Zm ?
VmB© : ~amo~a. åhUOo 30  20 hm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm àW_ 3  2 hm JwUmH$ma H$am d

˶mnwT>o XmoZ eyݶ§ {bhm.
H$ê$Z nmhm. 40  20 = 800 ¶oVmV. 30  30 = 900 ¶oVmV.

Oa XmoÝhr g§»¶m§‘ܶo EH$H$ñWmZr eyݶ Agob, Va ˶m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm
XeH$ñWmZÀ¶m A§H$m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$ê$Z ˶mÀ¶mnwT>o XmoZ eyݶo {bhmdr.

F JwUmH$ma H$am.

D 4  50 = D 3 X  3 X = D 70  10 =

D 6  20 = D 4 X  2 X = D 20  20 =

61

XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m d EH$ A§H$s g§»¶m ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV (b°{Q>g nX²YV)

gmoZy : H$mb _r EH$ nwñVH$ 34 én¶m§Zm, ¶mà‘mUo XmoZ nwñVH§ IaoXr Ho$br. AmoiI ~a§ ! _r

{H$Vr én`o {Xbo AgVrb ?

gb‘m : ¶mgmR>r 34  2 hm JwUmH$ma H$amdm bmJob.

VmB© : hm JwUmH$ma H$aʶmgmR>r ‘r Vwåhm§bm EH$ ¶w³Vr gm§JVo. 6 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$aVmZm

AmnU 6 Mo 4 Am{U 2 Ago XmoZ gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z nmT>m V¶ma Ho$bm. VerM ¶w³Vr

dmnê$Z AmnU hm JwUmH$ma H$ê$. 34 Mr ’$moS> 30 + 4 Aer H$ê$. ¶mV 30 hr nyU©

XeH$ g§»¶m Agë¶mZo JwUmH$ma H$aUo gmono OmB©b.

30 4 gmoZy : àW‘ 30 åhUOo 3 XeH$m§Zm 2 Z§ JwUb§.
6 XeH$ åhUOo 60 Ambo.
 (3 X) (4 E)
Z§Va 4 EH$H$  2 = 8.
(30  2 ) (4  2) AmVm 60 d 8 ¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br.
2 60 8 60 + 8 = 68, åhUyZ 34  2 = 68.

F JwUmH$ma H$am. D 56  3
D 37  4

 30 7 120  50 6 150
4 120 28 + 28 3 150 18 + 18
148 168

37  4 = 148 56  3 = 168

F Mm¡H$Q>tMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 42  3 D 51  6

 40 2  50 1
3 6

D 73  5 D 39  8

 7 0 3  30 9

58

62

XmoZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV

D àm{Ug§J«hmb¶ nmhm¶bm OmVmZm à˶oH$ ‘wbmH$Sy>Z ~ggmR>r 12 én¶o ¿¶m¶Mo AmhoV.
EHy$U 25 ‘wbo OmUma AgVrb, Va {H$Vr én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb ?
Z§Xÿ : ¶mgmR>r 25 bm 12 Z§ JwUm¶M§ Zm?
VmB© : AmnU nwÝhm gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z Mm¡H$Q> nX²YVrZ§ JwUmH$ma H$ê$.
25 = 20 + 5 Am{U 12 = 10 + 2 Ago ^mJ KoD$.

120 2240000 51500 +++215040000 25  12 = 300 én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb.
300

F JwUmH$ma H$am.

D 43  23 D 62  13

 40 3  60 2
20 10

33

43  23 = 62  13 =

D 32  14 2 D 13  27 3
 30  10
10 20
7
4
13  27 =
32  14 =

F JwUmH$ma H$am. D 71  12 D 29  29
D 56  16

63

JwUmH$ma : C^r ‘m§S>Ur

VmB© : AmnU Mm¡H$Q>tMm dmna H$ê$Z (b°{Q>g nX²YVrZ§) JwUmH$ma H$am¶bm {eH$bmo. VmoM

doJiçm àH$mao H$gm  H$am¶Mm Vo nmhÿ. Amnë¶mbm {H«$¶m g‘Obr Amho. Vr doJiçm

nX²YVrZ§ {bhÿ.

F JwUmH$ma H$am : 34  2

XeH$ EH$H$ àW‘ EH$H$ñWmZmVrb 4 bm 2 Z§ JwUy.
 3 4 ~o MmoH$ AmR>, åhUyZ aoKoImbr EH$H$mV 8 {bhÿ.
2 AmVm XeH$ñWmZmVrb 3 bm 2 Z§ JwUy.
~o {ÌH$ ghm. ho 6 XeH$mÀ¶m Imbr {bhÿ.
6 8 JwUmH$ma Ambm 68.

Q>moZr : N>mZ ! ho MQ>H$Z H$ê$Z Pmb§.

F JwUmH$ma H$am.

XeH$ EH$H $ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H $ XeH$ EH$H$

 4 2  2 4  2 2  3 1
2 2 4 3

8 4

hmV˦mMm JwUmH$ma X E

Q>moZr : 26  3 hm JwUmH$ma H$gm H$am¶Mm ?
gb‘m : JwUmH$mamMr C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$. 2 6
àW‘ EH$H$mÀ¶m KamVrb 6 bm 3 Z§ JwUy.
VrZ gmho AR>am.  3



VmB© : AR>am‘Yrb 10 EH$H$m§Mm EH$ XeH$ H$ê$Z X E

XeH$mÀ¶m KamV da {bhÿ. EH$H$mÀ¶m KamV aoKoImbr 1 6 hmVMo
AmR {bhÿ. XeH$mÀ¶m KamVrb 2 bm 3 Z§ JwUy. 2 3
VrZ XþUo ghm d Zdm Ambobm EH$ XeH$ {‘iyZ
7 XeH$ Pmbo. ho XeH$mÀ¶m KamV CËVamÀ¶m 

OmJr {bhÿ. 7 18

JwUmH$ma Ambm 78.

64

F JwUmH$ma H$am : 18  4

XeH$ EH$H$ àW‘ 8 EH$H$m§Zm 4 Z§ JwUy. Mma AmR>o ~ËVrg.
3 ˶m§Vë¶m 30 EH$H$m§Mo VrZ XeH$ hmoVmV. Vo 3 XeH$mÀ¶m KamV
da {bhÿ. 2 EH$H$, EH$H$mÀ¶mM KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ. AmVm
1 8 XeH$mÀ¶m KamVrb 1 bm 4 Z§ JwUy. Mma EHo$ Mma d da {b{hbobo
 4 VrZ {‘iyZ gmV XeH$. ho 7 aoKoImbr XeH$mÀ¶m KamV {bhÿ.
7 3 2 JwUmH$ma Ambm 72.

F JwUmH$ma H$am. XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$
XeH$ EH$H$

 1 5  2 4  2 7  1 5
5 3 3 6

XeH$ EH$H$ VmB© : 23  7 hm JwUmH$ma H$am¶Mm Amho. àW‘ 3 EH$H$m§Zm
2 7 Zo JwUy. 7 {ÌH$ 21. ˶m§n¡H$s 20 EH$H$m§Mo 2 XeH$
V¶ma H$ê$Z Vo XeH$mÀ¶m KamV da {bhÿ. EH$H$mÀ¶m
 2 3 KamV 1 am{hbm. AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 7 XþUo 14
7 Am{U hmVMo Ambobo 2 {‘iyZ 16 XeH$ Pmbo.

1 1 6 2 1 gb‘m : 16 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ 6 XeH$,
åhUOo JwUmH$ma Ambm 161.
e X E
1 6 1

e X E e X E e X E e X E

6 0 2
3 4 4 8 5 4 9 8
   7 

65

empãXH$ CXmhaUo

D EH$m ~aUrV 34 Mm°H$boQ>o ¶mà‘mUo D EH$m nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V 85 én¶o, Va Aem
9 ~aÊ`m§Vrb EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> {H$Vr ? 5 nwñVH$m§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V {H$Vr ?

3

3 4 Mm°H$boQ>o (EH$m ~aUrV) 855 én¶o> (à˶oH$ nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V)
 9 ~aʶm nwñVHo$
3 0 6 Mm°H$boQ>o
EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> 306 én¶o

D 1 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V 95 é. Amho, EHy$U qH$‘V én¶o
Va 6 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
D 1 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V 40 én¶o, Va
3 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?

H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V én¶o XþYmMr qH$‘V én¶o

F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D EH$m am§JoV 25 ‘wbo, ¶mà‘mUo 7 am§Jm§Vrb ‘wbm§Mr g§»¶m {H$Vr ?
D 53 én¶m§Zm EH$, ¶mà‘mUo 6 Q>m°dobm§Mr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
D EH$m noQ>rV 72 g’$aM§Xo, Aem 5 noQ>çm§Vrb g’$aM§Xo {H$Vr ?
D EH$m S>ã¶mV 40 bmSy> ‘mdVmV, Va Aem 9 S>ã¶m§Vrb bmSy> {H$Vr ?

F JwUmH$mamMr CXmhaUo V¶ma H$ê$Z gmoS>dm.

‘m{hVr  : 8 én¶m§g 1 dhr, 45 dhçm. ‘m{hVr   : EH$m noQ>rV 48 S>mqi~o, 7   noQ>çm.

CXmhaU : 8 én¶m§g EH$ dhr ¶mà‘mUo CXmhaU : EH$m noQ>rV 48 S>mqi~o, Va 7

45 dhçm§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V {H$Vr ? noQ>çm§Vrb S>mqi~o {H$Vr ?

45 dhçm
 8 EH$m dhrMr qH$‘V

360 én¶o

45 dhçm§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V 360 én¶o. 7 noQ>çm§Vrb EHy$U S>mqi~o

D EH$m am§JoV 15 PmS>o, 9 am§Jm. D EH$m S>ã¶mV 20 bmSy>, 8 S>~o.

D 16 IoiUr, à˶oH$s qH$‘V 10 é. D EH$m nwñVH$mbm 36 én¶o, 7 nwñVHo$.

66

 ^mJmH$ma EHy$U Jmoiçm> à˶oH$mbm Jmoiçm>
63
g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aUo

amOy : AmB©Z§ _bm 6 Jmoiçm {Xë`m AmhoV.
˶m AmnU XmoK§ gma»`m dmQy>Z KoD$.
g§Oy : Vwbm EH$, _bm EH$ Aer dmQ>Ur H$ê$.
amOy : _bm 3 Jmoiçm {_imë`m.
g§Oy : _bmhr VrZM Jmoiçm {_imë`m,
åhUOo à˶oH$mbm VrZ-VrZ Jmoiçm>
{‘imë`m.

D BWo H$mhr ‘wbm‘wbtMr {MÌo H$mT>br AmhoV.
EHy$U {H$VrOU AmhoV nmhm. ‘moOm.

eoOmar noê$ XmIdbo AmhoV. gd© ‘wbm§Zm g‘mZ
dmQ>m`Mo AmhoV. H$go dmQ>mb ?

EHy$U noê$ gw‘m amOy ‘rZm A§Oy

àË`oH$mbm {H$Vr noê$ {_imbo ?

D {~pñH$Q>m§À¶m EH$m nwS>çmV 12 {~pñH$Q>o AmhoV.
amOy, g§Oy Am{U A{ZVm ¶m {VKm§V ˶m§Mr g‘mZ
dmQUr H$am¶Mr Amho.

EHy$U {~pñH$Qo$ à˶oH$mMm dmQ>m

amOy g§Oy A{ZVm



{VKm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va à˶oH$mbm
{~pñH$Q>o {_iVrb.

67

D eoOmaÀ¶m {MÌmV 18 ~moao XmIdbr AmhoV.
hr ~moao XmoKm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va à˶oH$mbm
{H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

D 18 ~moao VrZOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va
à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

D 18 ~moao ghmOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va
à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

JQ> qH$dm dmQ>o H$aUo

AmB© : 6 Am§~o AmUbo AmhoV. gwMoVm XmoZ-XmoZ Am§ã¶m§Mo dmQ>o H$a.
{H$Vr hmoVmV gm§J.

gwMoVm : VrZ dmQ>o Pmbo.
AmVm VrZ-VrZ Am§ã¶m§Mo
dmQ>o H$ê$Z nmhÿ H$m ?
AmB© : Oê$a H$ê$Z nmhm. {H$Vr hmoVmV
Vo gm§J.
gwMoVm : AmVm XmoZM dmQ>o Pmbo.

gwMoVmZo Ho$bobr dmQ>Ur Imbrb gmaUrV XmIdbr Amho.

$EHy$U Am§~o à˶oH$ dmQ>çmVrb Am§~o EHy$U dmQ>o
6 2 3

6 3 2

D {MÌmV dmQ>o XmIdyZ gmaUr nyU© H$am.

$EHy$U EH$m dmQ>çmVrb EHy$U
Am§~o Am§~o dmQ>o
82
84

68

D {MÌmV dmQ>o XmIdm d gmaUr nyU© H$am.

$EHy$U EH$m dmQ>çmV EHy$U
H$mH$S>çm H$mH$S>çm dmQ>o
1
10
2
10
5
10
10
10

D VmB© 12 _wbm§Mm Ioi KoV hmoË`m. Ë`m åhUmë`m, ""Mbm AmnU JQ> V¶ma H$aʶmMm Ioi
Ioiy¶m. ‘r ~moQ>m§Zr IyU H$arZ {VV³¶m OUm§Mm JQ> H$am`Mm''.

VmBªZr hmVmMr 4 ~moQ>o da Ho$br.
{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?

VmBª©Zr hmVmZo IyU Ho$br 3 Mr.
{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?

VmBª©Zr hmVmZo IyU Ho$br 2 Mr.
{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?

VmBª©Zr XmoÝhr hmVm§Zr {‘iyZ
IyU Ho$br 6 Mr. {H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?

D EH$m Imo³¶mV 6 bmSy> ‘mdVmV, Va 48 bmSy> ^aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr ImoH$s bmJVrb ? emoYm
nmhÿ.

EHy$U bmSy> EH$m Imo³¶mVrb bmSy> ImoŠ`m§Mr g§»`m

48 6 >

D EH$m Imo³¶mV 10 ’$aí¶m ~gVmV. Imobrbm EHy$U 60 ’$aí¶m ~gdm¶À¶m AmhoV. ’$aí¶m§Mr
{H$Vr ImoH$s AmUmdr bmJVrb ?

EHy$U ’$aí¶m EH$m Imo³¶mVrb ’$aí¶m ImoŠ`m§Mr g§»`m

60 10 >

69

D EH$m ‘oU~ËVrÀ¶m Imo³¶mV 8 ‘oU~Ë˶m ‘mdVmV,
Va 24 ‘oU~Ë˶m ^aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr ImoH$s
bmJVrb ?



dñVwg‘yhmVrb dñVy§Mo g‘mZ JQ> H$aUo åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.


D EH$M g§»¶m nwÝhmnwÝhm dOm H$aUo



¶m 8 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Xadoir 2 ’w$bo AmnU H$mTy>Z KoD$¶m.


8 ’w$bm§‘YyZ n{hë¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 8 - 2 = 6.
6 ’w$bo am{hbr.

6 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Xþgè¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 6 - 2 = 4.
4 ’w$bo am{hbr.

4 ’w$bm§‘YyZ {Vgè¶m doir 2 ’w$b§ H$mT>br. 4 - 2 = 2.
2 ’w$bo am{hbr.




2 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Mm¡Ï¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 2 - 2 = 0
’w$bo {eëbH$M am{hbr ZmhrV,

åhUOo eyݶ (0) ’w$bo am{hbr.

8 \w$bm§VyZ à˶oH$ doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>Ê`mMr {H«$`m OmñVrV OmñV 4 doim H$aVm Ambr.

D Z§Xÿbm S>m°³Q>am§Zr 15 Jmoiçm {Xë¶m. amoO 3 ¶mà‘mUo ˶mbm ˶m {H$Vr {Xdg ¿¶mì¶m
bmJVrb, ho darbà‘mUo {MÌo H$mTy>Z XmIdm.

70

VmB© : AmO _r WmoS>r Om§^i§ AmUbr AmhoV. H$moUH$moU Ambo AmhoV ?
gmoZy : gb_m, Q>moZr d _r Ago {VK§OU AmhmoV.
VmB© : hr Om§^i§ _moO>. {VKm§_Yo gmaIr dmQ>.
gmoZy : hr ~mam Om§^i§ AmhoV. ‘r à˶oH$mbm EH$-EH$ ¶mà‘mUo {VKm§Zm gmaIr dmQ>Vo.

VmB© : à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘imbr ?
gmoZy : à˶oH$mbm Mma {‘imbr.
gb‘m : ‘r Oam doJiçm àH$mao dmQy> H$m ?
VmB© : Oê$a ! H$er dmQ>erb ?
gb‘m : {VKm§V dmQ>m¶Mr, åhUyZ VrZ-VrZMo JQ> H$aVo.

‘J à˶oH$mZ§ EHo$H$m JQ>mVb§ EH$-EH$ Om§^yi
¿¶m¶M§ !
Q>moZr : Ia§M H$s ! à˶oH$ JQ>mVb§ EH$, åhUOo
à˶oH$mbm Mma Om§^i§ !

VmB© : AmUIr EH$ Vw‘À¶m bjmV Amb§ H$m ?
gb‘m JQ> H$aV hmoVr Voìhm Vr à˶oH$ doir
VrZ Om§^i§ H$‘r H$aV hmoVr. åhUOo ~mam‘YyZ
naVnaV VrZ dOm H$aV hmoVr.

gb‘m : hmo VmB© ! Am{U Ag§ Mma doim Ho$ë¶mda Om§^i§ g§nbr.
VmB© : AmVm Vw‘À¶m bjmV Amb§ Agob, H$s ~mam Om§^i§
{VKm§V gmaIr dmQ>U§ qH$dm ˶m§Mo VrZ-VrZMo

JQ> H$aU§, åhUOoM ˶m§VyZ naVnaV VrZ
Om§^i§ dOm H$aUo. ¶m gd© {H«$¶m§Mm n[aUm‘
gmaImM Amho.

71

Q>moZr : hmo VmB©.
VmB© : åhUyZ ¶m gJiçm {H«$¶m§Zm J{UVmV "^mJmH$ma' ho EH$M Zmd Amho.

dñVy§Mr g_mZ dmQ>Ur H$aUo åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§Mr g_mZ JQ>m§V {d^mJUr åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§À¶m g§»¶oVyZ EH$M g§»`m nwÝhm nwÝhm dOm H$aUo åhUOohr ^mJmH$ma.

Q>moZr : nU VmB©, {MÝh dmnê$Z JwUmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YV Amåhm§bm ‘mhrV Amho. Ver {MÝh
dmnê$Z ^mJmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YVhr AgobM Zm ?

VmB© : "^mJmH$ma' ¶m {H«$¶ogmR>r  ho {MÝh dmnaVmV. Vo dmnê$Z Vwåhr Ho$bobr {H«$¶m
"12  3 = 4' Aer {b{hVmV. "Vr ~mam ^m{Jbo VrZ ~amo~a Mma' Aer dmMVmV.

gb‘m : ‘m¶m bjmV Amb§ Amho. VrZ MmoH$ ~mam, åhUOo VrZ-VrZ dñVy§Mo Mma JQ> EH$Ì
Ho$bo, H$s ~mam dñVy hmoVmV. ‘J CbQ> ~mam dñVy VrZ-VrZÀ¶m JQ>m§V {d^mJë¶m, Va
EHy$U Mma JQ> hmoUma !

VmB© : em~mg ! VrZMo JQ> H$aVmZm VrZMm nmT>m ~mamn¶ªV åhQ>bm, H$s ~mam‘YyZ VrZMo
{H$Vr JQ> hmoVmV Vo g‘OVo. VgoM 12 Mr dmQ>Ur {VKm§‘Yo H$aVmZmhr VrZMmM nmT>m
dmnê$Z "VrZ MmoH$ ~mam' åhUyZ à˶oH$mbm Mma dñVy {‘iVrb.

F EH$m S>ã¶mV 9 bmSy> AmhoV. Vo MmaOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>m¶Mo AmhoV. à˶oH$s XmoZ ¶mà‘mUo

Mm¡Km§Zm 8 bmSy> {Xë¶mg 1 bmSy> Caob, åhUOo nyU© bmS>dm§_ܶo g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVm ¶oV

Zmhr. 1 bmSy> ~mH$s CaVmo. S>ã¶mV AmR>M bmSy> AgVo, Va g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm bmSy>

~mH$s Cabm ZgVm. g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr dñVy {eëbH$ amhVmV. ¶m {eëbH$

am{hboë¶m dñVy§Mr g§»¶m åhUOo ~mH$s. dñVy§À¶m EodOr g§»¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Ho$bobr C^r

‘m§S>Ur nmhm.
2 bmSy> àË`oH$mbm {_imbo.

4 OUm§V dmQ>bo. 4 ) - 98 bmSy> hmoVo.
bmSy> dmQy>Z Pmbo.

1 bmSy> {eëbH$.

72

D 12 ’w$bo 4 ‘wbm§Zm g‘mZ dmQ>br. à˶oH$mbm 3 ’w$bo {‘iVmV.,
(^mO H $) 4 ) - 11232 ((d^^mQm my>JZÁ¶mHP)$mmabE)Hoby$àUrË`’’oHw$bw$b$moMo r ’w$bo H$maU 4 {ÌH$ 12.
0 (~m H$s) Cabobr ’w$bo hm ^mJmH$ma, Cä¶m ‘m§S>UrV
eoOmar XmIdë¶mà‘mUo {b{hVmV.
12 bm 4 Zo ^mJbo, H$s ~mH$s eyݶ ¶oVo.

D 5 ‘wbm§‘ܶo 15 bmSy> gmaIo dmQ>bo. à˶oH$mbm 3 bmSy> {‘iVmV,
^ mO H$ 5 )- 11 0535 ^^~ mmm JÁH`m$sH$ma H$maU 5 {ÌH$ 15.
à˶oH$mbm {‘imbobo bmSy> åhUOo
^mJmH$ma.
D 22 én¶o 5 OUm§V dmQ>m¶Mo AmhoV. gd© bmSy> g§nVmV. {eëbH$ H$mhrhr
Zmhr, åhUOo ~mH$s 0.

5 ) 2 2 Q>moZr : ¶oWo 22 ^mÁ¶ d 5 ^mOH$.
gb‘m : ¶oWo 5 hm ^mOH$, åhUyZ 5 Mm nmT>m dmnê$.
5 MmoH$ 20 Am{U 5 nmMo 25.
4 ^mJmH$ma Q>moZr : 22 ‘YyZ 25 dOm Zmhr H$aVm ¶oUma;
^ mO H$ 5 ) - 22 ^mÁ¶ nU 22 ‘YyZ 20 dOm hmoD$ eH$Vrb.
20 gmoZy : 5 MmoH$ 20 ho dmnam¶Mo, åhUyZ aoKoÀ¶m da

2 ~mH$s EH$H$mÀ¶m OmJr 4 {bhÿ.
Z§Xÿ : hm 4 ^mJmH$mamV {b{hVmZm XeH$ñWmZr {bhÿZ
F ^mJmH$ma H$am.
MmbUma Zmhr, H$maU à˶oH$mbm 4 én¶o
{‘iVrb. 4 XeH$ qH$dm 40 Zìho.

4
9) - 3366 7) 4 2 8) 6 4 6) 54

0

7
8) - 5568 6) 4 9 5) 4 7 7) 2 9
2

73

  H$mb‘mnZ  

n KS>çmimMo dmMZ

VmB© : H$mb Vwåhr KS>çmimdê$Z doi H$er AmoiIm¶Mr ho {dMmab§
hmoV§. AmO ‘r ‘moR>§ KS>çmi AmUb§ Amho, ˶mdê$Z {eHy$¶m.

KS>çmimVrb N>moQ>çm d ‘moR>çm H$mQ>çmH$S>o bj Xçm. XmoÝhr
H$mQ>o 12 da AgVmV Voìhm ~mam dmObobo AgVmV.

gb‘m : bhmZ H$mQ>m 4 da Am{U ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 12 da AgVmo, Voìhm 4
dmObobo AgVmV.

Z§Xÿ : ¶mà‘mUoM 5 dmObobo qH$dm 9 dmObobo XmIdVm ¶oVrb.
gmoZy : bhmZ H$mQ>m hiyhiy, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m ˶mnojm ^a^a {’$aVmo,

hmo Zm ?
VmB© : hmo. bhmZ H$mQ>m Vmg XmIdVmo, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m {‘{ZQ>§

XmIdVmo; åhUyZ bhmZ H$mQ>çmbm VmgH$mQ>m d ‘moR>çm
H$mQ>çmbm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m Ag§ åhUVmV. AmVm ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 1 da
Jobm. 12 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>§ Pmbr.
Z§Xÿ : {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 2 da Jobm, H$s 12 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. ‘J
{‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 3 da AgVmZm 12 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. hmo
Zm ? VmgH$mQ>m qH${MV nwT>o Jobobm {Xgob.
VmB© : ~amo~a. à˶oH$ XmoZ bJVÀ¶m g§»¶m§À¶m Kam§V 5-5 {‘{ZQ>m§M§
A§Va Amho.
gmoZy : åhUOo {‘{ZQ>§ ‘moOVmZm 5 Mm nmT>m Cn¶moJr nS>ob. ¶mà‘mUo
VmgH$mQ>m 12 d 1 ¶m§À¶m ‘ܶo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 9 da
Agë¶mg 12 dmOyZ 45 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb, H$maU ZD$ nmMo
n§MoMmirg.
VmB© : em~mg ! Ooìhm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 12 nmgyZ nwT>onwT>o OmV nwÝhm
12 n¶ªV ¶oVmo, Voìhm ˶mMr EH$ ’o$ar nyU© hmoVo. ¶mgmR>r
bmJUmam doi 60 {‘{ZQ>§ åhUOoM 1 Vmg AgVmo. ˶mM
doimV VmgH$mQ>m 12 dê$Z 1 da OmVmo, ˶m doir 1 dmObobm
AgVmo.
Q>moZr : Amb§ bjmV. VmgH$mQ>m 4 d 5 ¶m§À¶m ‘Yo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m
8 da AgVmZm, "nmM AmR>o Mmirg' åhUyZ, 4 dmOyZ 40
{‘{ZQ>§ hmoVmV.

Vmg-{‘{ZQ> hr doi ‘moOʶmMr EH$Ho$ AmhoV.

74

F Imbrb KS>çmim§V {XgUmar doi Vmg d {‘{ZQ>m§V {bhm.



F Imbr {Xbobr doi nmhm. ˶m doir H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr H$er Agob Vo KS>çmi‹mV XmIdm.
5 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>o 9 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>o 6 dmOyZ 20 {‘{ZQ>o 11 dmOyZ 35 {‘{ZQ>o

F Imbrb àË`oH$ {H«$¶m nyU© hmoʶmgmR>r A§XmOo {H$Vr {_{ZQ>o qH$dm {H$Vr Vmg qH$dm {H$Vr
{Xdg doi bmJVmo, Vo gmaUrV {bhm.

$Hw$H$a‘ܶo JmB©Mo XÿY AmB©Mm nmʶmMm hm¡X ñdoQ>a {dUUo Jwbm~mMr
^mV {eOUo H$mT>Uo
ñd¶§nmH$ ^aUo H$ir C‘bUo

F {Xdg^amV H$aV Agbobr à‘wI H$m‘o, Vr H$m‘o H$aVmZmMr doi d ˶m doiMr KS>çmimVrb
H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.

A.H«$. H$m‘ KS>çmimVrb doi KS>çmimVrb H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr

1. gH$mir CR>Uo 6 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>o bhmZ H$mQ>m 6 À¶m nwT>o, ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 3 da.

F Imbrb KS>çmim§Mr ‘m{hVr ¿¶m.

D ‘mo~mBb‘Yrb KS>çmi D JOamMo/MmdrMo KS>çmi D b§~H$mMo KS>çmi

D ñd¶§M{bV KS>çmi D e`©VrÀ`m doir n§M dmnaVmV Vo KS>çmi (ñQ>m°n dm°M)

D dmiyMo KS>çmi D gmdbrMo KS>çmi

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : OmS> nwR²>R>m d {nZm ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo KS>çmi V¶ma H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶mdê$Z KS>çmimÀ¶m dmMZmMm
gamd ¿¶mdm.

75

 {XZX{e©H$m  

n {XZX{e©Ho$Mm Cn¶moJ
F ¶m dfm©Mr {XZX{e©H$m nmhm. ‘m{hVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.

Am°ŠQ>mo~a ‘{hݶmV Am°JñQ> ‘{hݶmVrb {S>g|~aÀ¶m 5 OyZ ‘{hݶmV a{ddmar

¶oUmao gU gwQ²>Q>çm§Mo {Xdg VmaIoZ§Va ZmVmi ¶oUmè¶m VmaIm

{H$Vr {Xdgm§Zr ¶oVmo ?

AmO 15 OmZodmar
gmoZyÀ`m dmT>{Xdgmbm Om`M§¶,

bjmV Amho Zm ?

gb‘m : VwPm OÝ_ {H$Vr gmbr Pmbm ?
gmoZy : ‘mPr OÝ‘VmarI n§Yam OmZodmar XmoZ hOma nmM.
Q>moZr : AmOMr VmarI 15 OmZodmar 2015 Amho, åhUOo AmO gmoZy 10 dfmªMr Pmbr.
gb‘m : ‘mPr OÝ‘VmarI 12 ‘mM© 2006 Amho. AmO ‘mPo d¶ nyU© dfmªV 8 Amho.
Q>moZr : åhUOo VwPm dmT>{Xdg 12 ‘mM© 2015 bm ¶oB©b, ˶m {Xder Vy 9 dfmªMr hmoerb.

d¶ ‘mhrV H$ê$Z KoʶmgmR>r OÝ‘dfm©nwT>o Mmby df© ¶oB©n¶ªV ‘moOmdo.

76

F {Xboë¶m OÝ‘{XZm§H$m§gmR>r ¶m dfuÀ¶m dmT>{Xder hmoUmao d¶ nyU© dfmªV gmaUrV Zm|Xdm.


Zmd gm[aH$m ‘mohZ Ah‘X ‘mIZqgh

OÝ‘VmarI 18.7.2002 14.5.2000 01.2.2003 13.7.1977

d¶

F Vw‘À¶m KamVrb 춳VtÀ¶m OÝ‘VmaIm {bhÿZ gmaUr nyU© H$am.

춳Vr OÝ‘VmarI 25 ì¶m dmT>{XdgmMr AmOMo d¶ 40 ì¶m dmT>{XdgmMr
VmarI (nyU© dfmªV) VmarI

AmB©

~m~m

VmB©

XmXm

F ‘mhrV H$ê$Z ¿¶m.
D H$moUmMm dmT>{Xdg Xa Mma dfmªZr ¶oVmo ? H$m ?
D Vw_À`m AmdS>rMm gU H$moUVm ? Vmo Joë`m dfu {H$Vr VmaIobm hmoVm ? `mdfu {H$Vr

VmaIobm Amho ?
D {XZX{e©Ho$Mo doJdoJio àH$ma.
D d¶ nyU© dfmªV, ‘{hݶm§V, {Xdgm§V H$go H$mT>mdo ?
D Amnbm Xoe 15 Am°JñQ> 1947 `m {Xder ñdV§Ì Pmbm. AmO Amnë`m Xoembm ñdmV§Í`

{_iyZ {H$Vr df} nyU© Pmbr ?
D ^maVmZo Am`©^Q hm CnJ«h AdH$memV gmoS>bm. `m KQ>Zobm 2005 gmbr 30 df} nyU©

Pmbr, Va Vmo CnJ«h {H$Vr gmbr gmoS>bm ?
D "Wmoa ^maVr` J{UVr am_mZwOZ `m§Mr OÝ_eVmãXr 1987 gmbr Pmbr.' ¶m dm³¶mMm AW©

H$m¶ ?

77

  AnyUmªH$  

AYm©

Q>moZr d Z§Xÿbm ^yH$ bmJbr hmoVr. gb‘mOdi EH$
^mH$ar hmoVr. {VZo MQ>H$Z {VMo XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$Z {Xbo.
Q>moZr : ‘bm H$‘r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
Z§Xÿ : Ia§M ‘bm Q>moZrnojm ‘moR>r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
gb‘m : gm°ar h§ ! ‘r KmB©V VwH$S>o Ho$bo åhUyZ Ag§ Pmb§.
‘m¶mH$S>o EH$ nwar Amho. {VMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ
H$ê$Z XoVo.
Q>moZr : AmVm XmoKm§Zm g‘mZ ^mJ {‘imbo.
gmoZy : à˶oH$mbm ~amo~a AYu nwar {‘imbr.

gmoZyOdi 1 ‘moR>m H$mJX Amho. gmoZy d gb‘m ¶m XmoKtZm {MÌ H$mT>m¶Mo Amho.
gmoZy : `m H$mJXmMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$.
Q>moZr : ‘r XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z XoVmo.

nyU© H$mJX AYm© AYm©

gmoZy d gb‘m ¶m§Zm AYm©-AYm© H$mJX {‘imbm.

H$moU˶mhr dñVyMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg ˶m§Vrb à˶oH$
^mJ Ë`m dñVyÀ`m AYm© ({Zå‘m) AgVmo.

F Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am.

nyU© noê$ AYm© noê$ nyU© g’$aM§X AY} g’$aM§X$

nyU© Ho$H$ AYm© Ho$H$ nyU© H$qbJS> AY} H$qbJS>

78

F Imbrb AmH¥$˶m§‘Yrb AYm© ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb àË`oH$ AmH¥$VrV aoK H$mT>br Amho. Ë`m aoKo_wio Á`m AmH¥$VrMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ Pmbo
AmhoV, Aem AmH¥$˶m§Imbr 3 Aer IyU H$am.



nmd

VmB© : gb_m, Z§Xÿ, gmoZy, Q>moZr BH$S>o `m. _mÂ`mOdi nV§JmMm _moR>m H$mJX Amho. Ë`mMm Vwåhr
àË`oH$OU EH$-EH$ nV§J V`ma H$am.

Q>moZr : åhUOo `m H$mJXmMo Amnë`mbm Mma g_mZ ^mJ H$amdo bmJVrb.
Z§Xy : _r H$aVmo Mma g_mZ ^mJ.
VmB© : em~mg ! hm àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m H$mJXmMm nmd ^mJ Pmbm.

nmd ^mJ

EH$m dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg ˶mVrb à˶oH$ ^mJ nmd ^mJ AgVmo.

F Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am d "nmd' `mMm AW© g_OyZ ¿`m.

nyU© H$mH$S>r nmd H$mH$S>r nyU© H$qbJS> nmd H$qbJS>

nyU© Ho$H$ nmd Ho$H$

79

n nyU©, AYm© Am{U nmd ^mJ

AYm© nmd
nyU©



Aܶm©Mm AYm© Ho$ë¶mghr nmd ^mJ {‘iVmo.
nyU© ^mJmMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg nmd ^mJ {‘iVmo, ho AmnU AmYr nm{hbobo Amho.
XmoZ nmd EH${ÌV Ho$ë¶mg AYm© hmoVmo.
VgoM Mma nmd EH${ÌV Ho$ë¶mg EH$ nyU© hmoVmo.
F Imbrb {MÌm§‘Yrb nmd ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb {MÌmV aoKm H$mTy>Z àË`oH$ {MÌmMo Mma ^mJ Ho$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s g‘mZ ^mJ
Agboë`m {MÌmImbr 3 Aer IyU H$am. Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.




80

nmD$U

Z§Xÿ : ‘r ¶m H$mJXmda Mma g‘mZ ^mJ hmoVrb Aem aoKm H$mT>ë`m AmhoV.
˶m§n¡H$s VrZ ^mJ a§Jdbo AmhoV; åhUOoM H$mJXmMm nmD$U ^mJ
a§Jdbm Amho.

EH$m nyU© dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z ˶m§Vrb VrZ ^mJ KoVë¶mg Vmo nmD$U ^mJ AgVmo.

AYm© noê$ nmd noê$ AYm© d nmd {‘iyZ nmD$U ~ZVmo.





VrZ nmd {‘iyZ XoIrb nmD$U ^mJ {‘iVmo.

nyU© dñVyVyZ nmd ^mJ H$‘r Ho$bm Var nmD$U ^mJ {‘iVmo.





F Imbrb AmH¥$VrVrb nmD$U ^mJ a§Jdm.

Imbrb AmH¥$Ë`m§Mm a§Jdbobm ^mJ Am{U Z a§Jdbobm ^mJ nmd, AYm©, nmD$U `m§n¡H$s {H$Vr
Amho, Vo Ë`mImbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.

AmH¥$Vr

a§Jdbobm AYm©
^mJ

Z a§Jdbobm
^mJ

81

g_yhmMm nmd, AYm©, nmD$U

{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§Mm EH$ g_yh XmIdbm Amho. AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMo
XmoZ g_mZ ^mJ Ho$bo.


àË`oH$ ^mJ hm AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMm AYm© qH$dm {Zå_m ^mJ Amho.
àË`oH$ AÜ`m© ^mJmV Mma M|Sy> AmhoV.

`m {MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$bobo AmhoV.
àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ Amho. àË`oH$ nmd ^mJmV XmoZ M|Sy>
AmhoV.
g_yhmÀ`m {Zåå`m ^mJmMm {Zå_m ^mJ Ho$bm, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?

AYm© Am{U nmd {_iyZ nmD$U hmoVmo; åhUyZ EH$m g_yhmMm AYm©
Am{U nmd ^mJ {_iyZ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ hmoVmo.

{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ XmIdbm Amho. EH$m
nyU© g‘yhm_YyZ nmd ^mJ H$_r Ho$bm Var nmD$U ^mJ {_iVmo.
EH$m g_yhmMo VrZ nmd ^mJ EH$Ì Ho$bo, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?

F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ H$am. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ XmIdm. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ XmIdm.
am{hbobm ^mJ a§Jdm d Vmo g_yhmMm {H$Vdm
l l l l ^mJ Amho ho gm§Jm.

l l l l

l l l l l

l





82

AYm©, nmd, nmD$U - ì`dhmamV Cn`moJ

F Imbrb CXmhaUo Aä¶mgm.
D emioÀ`m _¡XmZmMr bm§~r 20 _rQ>a Amho. _¡XmZmMr {Zå_r (AYu) bm§~r 20 _rQ>aÀ`m AYu

åhUOo 10 _rQ>a; _¡XmZmMr nmd bm§~r åhUOo 20 _rQ>aÀ`m nmd åhUOo 5 _rQ>a Am{U
_¡XmZmMr nmD$U bm§~r åhUOo 15 _rQ>a Agob.
D EH$m VmgmMr 60 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV. Aܶm© VmgmMr 30 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV.
D 4 brQ>aMm nmd ^mJ 1 brQ>a AgVmo.
D OrdamOOdi 200 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmD$U aŠH$_ Ë`mZo _rZmbm {Xbr, åhUOo
OrdamOZo _rZmbm 150 én`o {Xbo.
D EH$ S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 12 Ho$ir. AYm© S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 6 Ho$ir. nmD$U S>PZ Ho$ir
åhUOo 9 Ho$ir.

F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.

D AmZ§XMo AmOMo d` 8 df} Amho. lwVrMo d` AmZ§XÀ`m d`mÀ`m {Zå_o Amho, Va lwVrMo d`
{H$Vr ?

D gmoZmbrOdi 10 _rQ>a H$mnS> Amho. {VZo Ë`mVrb {Zå_o H$mnS> am_ybm {Xbo, Va
gmoZmbrH$S>o {H$Vr H$mnS> am{hbo ? {VZo am_ybm {H$Vr _rQ>a H$mnS> {Xbo ?

D AZKmH$S>o 100 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmd aŠH$_ {VZo ^mdmbm {Xbr, Va ^mdmbm {VZo
{H$Vr aŠH$_ {Xbr ?

D EH$m XmoarMr bm§~r 16 _rQ>a Amho. XmoarMm nmD$U ^mJ H$mnm¶Mm Amho, Va {H$Vr _rQ>ada
IyU H$amdr bmJob ?

D gmobmnyahÿZ Zm§XoS>bm Omʶmg 6 Vmg bmJVmV. Ë`mÀ`m {Zå_m doi gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm
Omʶmg bmJVmo, Va gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm Omʶmg {H$Vr doi bmJVmo ?

F {H$Vr Vo gm§Jm.

D 24 _rQ>a H$mnS>mVrb AY} H$mnS>.
D 80 én`m§Mm nmd ^mJ.
D 40 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMm nmD$U ^mJ.
D 12 brQ>a am°Ho$bMm nmd ^mJ.
D 4 Vmg 40 {_{ZQo> doioÀ`m AYm© doi.
D 60 én`m§Mm nmD$U ^mJ.

83

_m{hVrMo ì`dñWmnZ  

gmoZyMm dmT>{Xdg Pmbm. {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUr dmT>{Xdgmbm Amë`m hmoË`m. gdmªZr {Vbm

ew^oÀN>m {Xë`m d ^oQ>dñVyhr {Xë`m. Z§Xÿ dmT>{Xdgmbm Jobm ZìhVm. Ë`mZo gmoZybm {dMmabo -

D H$moUH$moU Ambo hmoVo ? {_Ì {H$Vr ? _¡{ÌUr {H$Vr ?

D ^oQ>dñVy H$moUË`m {_imë`m ? {H$Vr {_imë`m ?

D Amboë¶m {‘Ì‘¡{ÌUtMr Zmdo gmoZyZo gm§{JVbr.

Q>moZr : E ! AmnU AmYr ^oQ>dñVy nmhÿ Am{U Z§XÿÀ`m àíZm§Mr CËVa§ Z§Va XoD$.

Q>moZrZo dñVy§Mo JQ> Ho$bo.

gb‘mZo nwñVHo$ _moObr. ^oQ>dñVy g§»`m

gmoZyZo noZo _moObr. Q>moZrZo nopÝgbr _moOë`m. nopÝgbr 17

Z§XÿZo nmQ>rda hr _m{hVr {b{hbr. noZo 4

gmoZy : åhUOo _bm EHy$U 30 dñVy {_imë`m. nwñVHo$ 9

Q>moZr : hm Va VŠVm V`ma Pmbm ! EHy$U dñVy 30

F Xþgè`m {Xder dJm©V Amë`mda Z§XÿZo ‘wbm‘wbtZm {dMmabo, ""Vwåhr emioV H$go `oVm ?''
gmoZyZo gdmªMr CËVao Imbrbà_mUo {bhÿZ KoVbr.
amo{hV   -    ~g, {dO`   -   [ajm, _m`m   - ~g, Jmonmb - nm`r, aoIm - [ajm, H¥$îUm - gm`H$b,
Am^m - H$ma, _hmXod - nm`r, am°Oa - nm`r, \$mê$I - [ajm, Ah_X - ~g,
gm{ZH$m - gm`H$b, pñ_Vm - ~g, Z§Xÿ - [ajm, gmoZy - [ajm, Om°Z - ~g, ga~OrV - ~g,
ñdam - H$ma, am_ZmW - nm`r, A°bZ - nm`r, {dH$mg - [ajm, A±WZr - [ajm, gmam - ~g,
gVre - gm`H$b, Aë~Q>© - ~g, am_ñdm_r - nm`r, ZrVm - ~g, AbH$m - ~g,
ZmJoe - gm`H$b, H¡$bmg - gm`H$b.
Z§XÿZo VŠVm V`ma H$ê$Z VrM _m{hVr Imbrbà‘mUo XmIdbr.

~gZo `oUmao amo{hV, pñ_Vm, _m`m, gmam, Ah_X, Om°Z, ga~OrV, Aë~Q>©, 10
[ajmZo `oUmao ZrVm, AbH$m 7

{dO`, aoIm, gmoZy, Z§Xÿ, \$mê$I, {dH$mg, A±WZr

nm`r `oUmao Jmonmb, am_ñdm_r, _hmXod, am°Oa, am_ZmW, A°bZ 6

gm`H$bZo `oUmao H¥$îUm, gm{ZH$m, gVre, ZmJoe, H¡$bmg 5

H$maZo `oUmao Am^m, ñdam 2

84

F Jwédmar JUdoemV ¶oUo Amdí¶H$ ZìhVo. _wbo a§JrV H$nS>o KmbyZ emioV Ambr hmoVr. A°bZZo

Ë`mdê$Z EH$ VŠVm ~Zdbm. gb‘mZo gwMdbo, H$s ‘wbm§Mr Zmdo {b{hʶmEodOr à˶oH$

‘wbmgmR>r EH$ C^r aoK ‘mê$.

A°bZZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm gb‘mZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm

H$nS>çm§Mm {dXçmÏ`m©Mo {dXçmWu H$nS>çm§Mm aoKm {dXçmWu
a§J Zmd g§»`m a§J g§»`m

bmb ........ 4 bmb 4

{hadm ........ 2 {hadm 2

{ndim ........ 7 {ndim 7

{Zim ........ 10 {Zim 10

Q>moZr : ‘mPo H$nS>o bmb AmhoV, åhUyZ ‘r n{hë¶m JQ>mV.
gb‘m : nU IwUm Am{U _wbm§Mr g§»`m g_mZ Amho H$m ? H$go H$iUma ?
gmoZy : bmb H$nS>o KmVbobr _wbo Mma Am{U IwUm nU Mma, åhUOo AmnU Vmim H$ê$

eH$Vmo.
`m IwUm§Zm VmiçmÀ`m IwUm åhUVmV.

F ‘oarZo {VÀ`m ~mJoVrb \w$bPmS>m§Mr _m{hVr XmIdUmam {MÌm§Mm VŠVm V¶ma H$ê$Z AmUbm.

Jwbm~

Omñd§X

_moJam

Mm\$m
85

gmoZy : VwPr {MÌH$bm IynM N>mZ Amho. ˶m‘wio V³Vm N>mZ {XgVmo¶.

Q>moZr : nU Amåhm§bm N>mZ {MÌo H$mT>Vm ¶oV ZmhrV. ˶mV doihr Iyn OmVmo. ˶m‘wio ’w$bm§EodOr
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m Va A{YH$ bdH$a hmoB©b. VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm H$ê$Z Imbrb
V³Vm nyU© H$ê$.

\w$bPmS>mMo Zmd VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm EHy$U PmS>o

Jwbm~

Omñd§X
_moJam

Mm\$m

F arQ>mZo {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUtZm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Vm JmoS> nXmW© {dMmabm d V³Ë¶m‘ܶo
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m. ˶m ‘moOyZ g§»¶m {bhm. Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.



JmoS> nXmW© VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m

{Ob~r

bmSy>

Jwbm~Om_

BVa JmoS> nXmW©

D H$moUVm nXmW© gdmªV OmñV _wbm§Zm AmdS>Vmo ?
D bmSy> AmdS>Umè`m _wbm§Mr g§»`m {Ob~r AmdS>Umè`m ‘wbm§À¶m g§»¶onojm {H$VrZo OmñV

Amho ?

F Imbrb _m{hVr Jmoim H$am. {MÌo qH$dm IwUm dmnê$Z _m{hVrMo VŠVo V`ma H$am.

D dJm©Vrb ‘wbm§Mo dmT>{Xdg H$moUH$moUË`m _{hÝ`mV `oVmV?
D ñd`§nmH$KamVrb dñVy d Ë`m§Mr g§»`m.
(CXm., dmQ>çm, nobo, VmQ>o, Vm§~o, H$n, ~í¶m, M_Mo BË`mXr.)
D dJm©Vrb {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$moUVm nmird àmUr gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Vmo ?

86

F Imbrb VŠVm nmhÿZ àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.

eoVmVrb nrH$ nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar

Jhÿ

Ádmar

Vm§Xÿi

dmQ>mUm

^wB©‘yJ

D$g

D EHy$U {H$Vr {nH$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho ?
D ^wB©‘yJ ho nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV H$_r eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV OmñV eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
F a{ddmaÀ¶m g§Ü`mH$mir ‘Zmoa§OZmgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo ? ¶m àíZmbm _wbm§Zr {Xboë¶m CËVam§dê$Z

V¶ma Ho$bobm VŠVm nmhm.

_Zmoa§OZmMm àH$ma VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m

Ioi Ioibmo

Q>rìhr (Xÿa{MÌdmUr) nm{hbm

~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabm

JmoîQ>rMo nwñVH$ dmMbo

D EHy$U {H$Vr _wbm§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho ?
D ~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabobr _wbo {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVr JmoîQ> H$aUmè`m _wbm§Mr g§»`m gdmªV H$_r Amho ?
F _wbm§Zm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Umè`m \$im§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$am d VŠVm V`ma H$am.

AmdS>Umao \$i VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m

Am§~m

noê$

g\$aM§X

S>mqi~

87

`m VŠË`mdê$Z doJdoJir H$moUVr _m{hVr {_iVo, Vo {bhm.
D H$moUVo \$i gdmªV OmñV OUm§Zm AmdS>Vo ?
D noê$ AmdS>Umè`m§Mr g§»`m ..... AmdS>Umè¶m§À¶m g§»¶onojm OmñV Amho.
F Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao emoYyZ _m{hVrMm VŠVm V`ma H$am.
D emim gwQ>VmZm, emioÀ`m Xmamnmer Vwåhm§bm Kar ZoÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr XþMmH$s, VrZMmH$s

Am{U MmaMmH$s dmhZo C^r AgVmV ?
D emio_Ü`o {H$Vr bmH$S>r, bmoI§S>r qH$dm ßb°pñQ>H$À`m IwÀ`m© AmhoV ?
D dJm©Vrb _wbm§À`m XßVam§Mo a§J H$moUH$moUVo AmhoV ?
D dJm©Vrb _wbm§À`m KamV ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r J°g, Ho$amogrZ qH$dm bmHy$S> `m§n¡H$s H$m`

dmnaVmV ?
D Vw_À`m JmdmVrb Xhm eoVH$è`m§H$S>o OmD$Z àË`oH$mH$S>o {H$Vr d H$moUH$moUVo nmird àmUr

AmhoV, `mMr _m{hVr O_m H$am.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {d{dY àg§Jm§Mr _m{hVr O_m H$aÊ`mg gm§JyZ Ë`m§Mo VŠVo V`ma H$amdo. VmiçmÀ`m IwUm qH$dm {MÌo
dmnamdr. Aem VŠË`m§À`m AmYmao JwUmË_H$ d g§»`mË_H$ ñdê$nmMo àíZ {dMmamdo.

88