AKS34d (2)Indian Removal

Indian Removal in
Georgia

▶ ESSENTIAL QUESTION

▶ Why were the Indians removed from
Georgia?

Why was the Indian land taken?
America’s 1st Gold rush

▶ Follow this link to view America’s First Gold Rush:
http://safeshare.tv/w/yJFDzhrGLt

▶ Began video at 2:44

Dahlonega Gold Rush

▶ Sped the removal of the Cherokee from north
Georgia. Legend has it that in 1828, a young man
named Benjamin Parks kicked an unusual stone
while deer hunting in North Georgia.

▶ This stone was actually a gold nugget, and Park’s
find led to America’s first gold rush in Dahlonega.
No matter if this story is true or not, (there are
many others describing how gold was discovered) .

▶ Soon after the discovery, thousands of White gold
miners began clamoring for Cherokee land and
began to settle there without permission

What tribes were in GA and
where?

▶ The Creek Indians were located to
the south and west of the white
settlers (in the Coastal Plains and
some of the Piedmont regions)

▶ The Cherokee were mainly north (in
the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley and
Appalachian Plateau regions)

Creek Indians

▶ Series of clashes between Creek and settlers
who pushed into their land is known as
Oconee War

▶ Treaty of New York: Creeks give up all land
east of the Oconee River, but could keep land
on the west side; this angered Georgia
settlers, who felt betrayed by their
government

▶ Treaty of New York promised to defend Creek
Territorial rights. Alexander McGillivray was
the Creek leader that negotiated the treaty
with US Government

The Creek War

▶ Some Creeks were not happy about Treaty of
NY

▶ Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for
their land claims; White Stick Creeks wanted
peace

▶ Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims, killing more
than 400 people

▶ The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in Alabama,
ended the Creek War in 1814; Andrew
Jackson led the U.S. troops

▶ The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all
their land to the U.S. government

William McIntosh

• Scottish father William/ Creek
mother Senoya

• Wind clan/ Creek chief
• McIntosh received a European

education in Savannah.
• Encouraged Creek Indians to

adopt the colonist ways to own
property, grow cotton, and
own slaves.
• McIntosh supported Andrew
Jackson in the Creek Indian Wars.

The Second Treaty of Indian

Springs

William McIntosh negotiated giving up
Creek lands in GA for approximately
$200,000 to the U.S.; without the tribe’s
consent. McIntosh received extra cash for
his personal lands in the treaty. Upon
hearing about what they considered to
be a bribe, the Creek Nation ruled to
execute McIntosh for his actions. On April
30, 1825, 200 Creek warriors carried out
McIntosh’s execution at his home by
shooting and stabbing him.

Read about Creek and
Cherokee with Partner

Poetry Slam

Diamante Example:
Monsters

Evil, Spooky
Howling, Shrieking, Wailing
Ghosts, Vampires, Goblins, Witches
Flying, Scaring, Terrifying

Creepy, Crawly
Creatures

Exit Ticket

Which Georgian negotiated and signed the Treaty of
Indian Springs in 1825 that signed away all Creek lands in
Georgia?
A.Tomochichi
B.Andrew Jackson
C.William McIntosh
D.Mary Musgrove

Part 2: Explain the role of William McIntosh in the
removal of the Creek from Georgia.

34e

Analyze how key people (John
Ross, John Marshall, and Andrew
Jackson) and events (Dahlonega
Gold Rush and Worcester v.
Georgia) led to the removal of
the Cherokees from Georgia
known as the Trail of Tears.

Cherokee Culture

▶ The Cherokee believed that their best hope for maintaining their land
would be to transform their society to resemble that of the United
States. In the 1820s, the Cherokee developed a written language, a

▶ written constitution, and a newspaper. They invited Moravian
missionaries to set up schools and adopted an agricultural system that
included the use of slaves.

Quick Stop

▶ Considering what you know about the removal of the Creek Indians, do
you think the fact that the Cherokee modeled their society after white
society would allow them to retain their land?

▶ Why or why not?

▶ Everyone grab a sticky note; put your answer on it

▶ Everyone puts their answers on a piece of paper

▶ View the answers from everyone in your group

▶ Form a unanimous group answer – write it down**

▶ Let’s compare group answers.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

▶ Follow this link to view Indian Removal Act:
http://safeshare.tv/w/RBiWsrzBmp

Worcester verses Georgia

▶ U.S. Supreme Court case was a landmark court case that should
have protected the Cherokee from removal. – John Marshall was
chief justice

▶ Worcester was Baptist missionary and postal worker within
Indian nation

▶ GA passed law to force whites who wanted to own land in the
nation to swear an oath of allegiance. Worcester was jailed
for refusing to do so. Filed law suit

▶ Supreme Court ruled in favor of Worcester on the basis that
Indian land not subject to US rule

▶ Andrew Jackson was president at this time. He refused to
support Worcester vs. Georgia decision. In so doing, he failed
to carry out his Constitutional duties as president

Andrew Jackson

President who fought against American Indians, believed that
they should be moved to Indian Territory.
The reasons that Jackson wanted to remove the American Indian
tribes out of the southeast was:
▶ due to their past history of siding with the British and other

European powers during wars against the US.

▶ To pacify the Southern states after his threat to invade South
Carolina during the Nullification Crisis

▶ due to intense racial prejudice of American Indians.
But, by not enforcing the ruling of the Supreme Court in
Worcester vs Georgia, he did not meet his Constitutional
requirements as president.

John Ross

• Son of a Scottish father and a
part-Cherokee, part-Scottish mother

• Helped create a Cherokee
Constitution.

• Argued the case for the Cherokee
nation before the Supreme Court

• Was unable to convince the U.S.
government to rescind (cancel) the
Compact of 1802.

• Guided the Cherokee through the
difficult Trail of Tears march to
Oklahoma.

John Ross

▶ Made several trips to U.S.
Congress to try to persuade
them to stop removal

▶ Took a petition to Congress
with 15,000 signatures, 90
percent of all Cherokee, to
protest the Indian removal.

▶ His efforts failed.

Trail of Tears

• John Ross and his people
held out until the President
Martin Van Buren ordered
the U.S. Army to forcefully
remove the Cherokee from
Georgia.

• The troops rounded them
up and sent them to the
Oklahoma Territory.

• It was winter during the
800 mile walk.

▶ 14,000 Cherokees were
forcibly removed to
Oklahoma; about 4,000 died
from disease, exposure, or
hunger

▶ 700 to 800 escaped and hid
in the North Carolina
mountains