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who introduce the rudiments of civilization.
They teach the arts of survival and often

present the people with exemplary acts that
are imitated in religious and spiritual rites.
Around the world the initiators of culture are

often called by names derived from the
Indo-European root man-, ―think, devise,
plan.‖ Two examples are Manu in Hindu
mythology and Manitou in American Indian
traditions. The first pharaoh of Egypt was
called Menes and the male regent of the
matrifocal culture of Crete was called King

Minos, etc.

The initiators are not exclusively men,
however. They can be women or even
animals. For instance, White Buffalo Woman
is the key culture-initiator among the Plains
Indians of America. Salmon, bear and eagle
are totemic ancestors who impart survival
wisdom and moral guidance to indigenous

peoples. All these scenarios can be

summarized in the belief that ―benefactors
guide society.‖ This is a different view from
the belief encoded in high civilizations such
as China and Sumer where a male celestial
god mandates society. Hence the difference
between endowed cultures, originating from

instructions given by men, women and
animals, and mandated cultures, originating
from instructions attributed to a male sky
god. Mandated cultures are the less common
of the two and occur much later in history.
The models for modern civilization are all

mandated cultures.

Close examination of the oldest source
materials shows that the scripts have been
deliberately spun on a male or patriarchal
bias. One of the most famous of such sacred
texts, recording the Babylonian New Year
Ritual, describes how Babylonian civilization
was founded by the male sky-god Marduk

after his defeat of the Goddess Tiamat.
Several drafts of the texts exist, allowing

scholars to determine how it was rewritten
several times to keep the ritual consistent
with changes in the male pantheon. The
history of human origins has not only been
written by men -- the authors being a male
priesthood who controlled the secular leaders
(shahs, emperors, pharaohs) -- but it has
been continually rewritten with the intent of

keeping man in the leading role.

That civilization remains under the control of
men because its directing agendas are written

by men is an elementary insight of many
historians and an important tenet of

metahistory. Significantly, endowed cultures
such as the huge mosaic of ―Stone Age‖ tribes

that spread across the Americas before
colonization, do not grow into large-scale
civilizations. Mandated cultures do, because
they are driven by scripts that confer the
divine sanction of the celestial father (Sky

God) upon violence and conquest.

(Mandated culture and endowed culture are

included in the glossary for the site.)

In sexual terms the motif of Origins is
typically concerned with the obscure matter
of how the sexes originated. In the Genesis
version, the male (Adam) was created first,

and then Eve was produced from Adam‘s
rib. This story encodes the belief that ―man
precedes woman,‖ a direct contradiction to

current scientific understanding that the
human body is programmed in DNA from a
female-template: we are all conceived female,
and the male variant of the prototypal body

only emerges when certain chromosomes
kick into activity. The superiority of the male

sex has its origin in texts written for
mandated cultures that first emerged around
2800 BCE. Significantly, the origin of writing
coincides with the composition of patriarchal
scripts. Feminists argue that by changing the
script for human society, we can evolve into a

different kind of society. Hence there has
been ferocious squabbling over the revision

of history and prehistory, especially where
the role of woman is concerned.

Scripts about Origins in which the ―primal
father‖ assumes the dominant role are

reflected in the earliest models of civilization
at Sumer and elsewhere, but it has been

shown that these scenarios override earlier
ones in which the female plays an equal or

dominant role. In treating the theme of
sacred kingship, some texts describe a male
king or divine regent appointed by a male

priesthood, hence the belief that ―men
empower men.‖ Other, older scripts describe
how the sacred king is chosen by the goddess,

or a priestess who represents the goddess,
hence the belief that ―the goddess chooses the

king‖ or ―the priestess who represents the
goddess determines who is qualified to be

king.‖

(See ―Kingship‖ in Barbara Walker‘s book
listed below.)

In modern times, civilization (at least in the
domain of commerce and politics) is largely

run by men, and the role of the initiating
priestess has been degraded to a taboo status.

Hence the many and various scenarios of
politically and financially powerful men
involved with sexually powerful women in
illicit relationships that often destroy the
men. Is this the revenge of the suppressed
priestess who initially was the agent of man‘s
empowerment? The misogynist script states
that ―women crave power,‖ and if they

cannot play a role in originating and
managing social structures, they will claim
the power by casting a spell over the men
who do. These dubious situations relate to the

motif of Origins because it is the phallic
―towers‖ of the social, economic and political

order who are vulnerable to the wiles of
woman, a recurrent tabloid drama.

This drama seems to restate the old
mythological theme in which the sacred king,

originally dependent on the goddess for his
power, must cede his power when he can no

longer please her with his virility. Thus,
sexual politics runs deep into the foundations

of civilization. All power-sharing issues in
advanced society seem to hinge in a

precarious way on sexual dynamics, a point
emphasized by Feminists time and time again

in their revision of history. Suggested
reading: Origins

Fingerprints of the Gods by Graham Hancock
is a survey of the historical enigmas
surrounding the rise of civilization in

different parts of the world, presenting
evidence pointing back to a global maritime
network that existed before the last Ice Age,

that is, before 9000 BCE.

The goddesses and gods of old europe

By Marija

The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and
Secrets by Barbara Walker is a massive
compendium of information on the pagan
origins of civilization, presenting leads to
alternative scenarios of history as well as
recovering many beliefs that were lost or
suppressed with the rise of Christianity.

Twelve olympian gods and goddesses

Aphrodite- goddess of love and romance......
Apollo- god of sun, light, medicine, and
music......
Ares- god of war......

Artemis- goddess of hunt, the forest, wildlife,
childbirth, and the moon....

Athena- goddess of wisdom, war and craft.....
Detemer- goddess of agriculture and mother

of Persephone....

Hades- Important, but not considered one of
the twelve olympian gods and goddesses.....

Hephaestus- god of fire and the forge.........

Hera- She is the wife of Zeus and the
protector of marriage...

Hermes- Messenger of the gods and the god
of business.....

Hestia- goddess of home and homelife.....

Poseidon- god of the sea, horses, and
earthquake....

Zeus- Lord of gods, god of the sky, and he is
symbolized by a lightning bolt....