BONY STRUCTURE OF OF PECTORAL GIRDLE & UPPER LIMB

GCAM 2084

ANATOMY MUSCULOSKELETAL

Bony Structures of Pectoral Girdle & Upper Limb

By: Suria Shahid

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe pectoral girdle.
2. Describe humerus.
3. Describe radius and ulna.
4. Describe carpal, metacarpal and

phalanges.

PECTORAL GIRDLE

•Consists of clavicle & scapula.
•Upper limbs connected to trunk by pectoral
girdle.

CLAVICLE

•Collar bones
•Type: long bone
•S-shaped
•Lying horizontally superior to the ribs

CLAVICLE

CLAVICLE Lateral
Lateral
Medial

• 2/3 medial convex Superior view
Inferior view
anteriorly.

• 1/3 lateral

concave Medial
anteriorly.

CLAVICLE Superior view

•Superior view is a smooth surface while
inferior is rougher.

Inferior view

CLAVICLE

Sternal end

Acromial end

•Sternal end has rounded shape while
acromial end more flat and broader.

ARTICULATION OF CLAVICLE

•Sternal end articulates with manubrium of
sternum to form sternoclavicular joint.
•Acromial end articulates with acromion to
form acromioclavicular joint.

CLAVICLE Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
Costal tuberosity

• Costal tuberosity: point of attachment for costoclavicular
ligament.

• Conoid tubercle: point of attachment for conoid ligament.
• Trapezoid line: point of attachment for trapezoid ligament.

SCAPULA

•Type: flat and irregular Posterior view
bones
•Triangular shaped
•Located posterior to
upper ribs

Anterior view

SCAPULA Superior angle

Lateral angle

Inferior angle

SCAPULA Superior border

Superior angle

Lateral angle

Lateral border Medial border

Inferior angle • Lateral border is
thicker than medial
border.

SCAPULA Superior border

Lateral angle Superior angle
Supraspinous fossa

Subscapular

Lateral border fossa Infraspinous fossa

Medial border

*Blue labels shown 3 fossae of
the scapula

*Green labels shown 3
borders of the scapula

Inferior angle *Pink labels shown 3 angles of
the scapula

SCAPULA

•Subscapular fossa: attachment site for
subscapularis muscle.
•Supraspinous fossa: attachment site for
supraspinatus muscle.
•Infraspinous fossa: attachment site for
infraspinatus muscle.

SCAPULA Acromion process Supraglenoid
Spine tubercle
Coracoid
process Suprascapular Infraglenoid
notch tubercle
Glenoid
cavity

SCAPULA

•Glenoid cavity: articulates with head of
humerus to form shoulder joint.
•Coracoid process: origin of short head biceps
brachii.
•Supraglenoid tubercle: origin of long head of
biceps brachii.
•Infraglenoid tubercle: origin of long head of
triceps brachii.

AXILLA

•A pyramid-shaped
space.

CONTENT
•\

AXILLA BOUNDARIES *image shown the separated
axilla boundaries
• Medial: serratus anterior muscles and The colour in the text match
ribcage. the colour in the image.
• Lateral: humerus bone and
coracobrachialis.
• Anterior: pectoralis major, minor and
subclavius muscle.
• Posterior: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi
and teres major.
• Superior: clavicle.

CONTENT
•Axillary arteries.

CONTENT
•Axillary veins.

CONTENT

•Brachial plexus.
•Axillary lymph
nodes.
•Fat and areolar
tissue.

UPPER LIMB
•Consists of:

• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpal
• Metacarpal
• Phalanges

HUMERUS

•Type: long bone Posterior view

•Form the upper arm
skeleton.

•Proximal part cylindrical
shaped and distal part more
flat, broad and triangular.

Anterior view

Head of humerus

HUMERUS

•Head articulates to

glenoid cavity of

scapula.

•Capitulum articulates

to radius.

•Trochlea articulates

to ulna. Capitulum

Trochlea

Head of humerus

HUMERUS Greater tubercle Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
• Bicipital groove: Lesser tubercle
route for long Bicipital groove
head biceps
brachii tendon. Deltoid tuberosity
• Deltoid
tuberosity:
insertion for
deltoid muscle.

Capitulum

Trochlea

HUMERUS Coronoid
fossa
• Radial fossa: small depression
to receive radial head during
elbow flexion.
• Coronoid fossa: bigger and
deeper than radial fossa.
Receive coronoid process of
ulna during elbow flexion

Radial fossa

HUMERUS Olecranon
fossa
• Olecranon fossa: the deepest
fossa at distal part of
humerus. Located on the
posterior. Receive olecranon
process of ulna during elbow
extension.

HUMERUS Radial
groove
• There’s one not-really-obvious
diagonal groove on the posterior.
• Radial groove: route for radial
nerve.
• Superior to radial groove: origin
of lateral head of triceps brachii.
• Inferior to radial groove: origin of
medial head of triceps brachii.

RADIUS & ULNA

•Type: long bones

•Form the forearm

•Radius located at the lateral
while ulna at the medial side
of forearm. Radius Ulna

•Articulated together by
interosseous membrane.

RADIUS Head of radius

Radial tuberosity

•Head of radius: disc shaped.

Articulates to capitulum on

the top. And articulates to

ulna on medial side.

•Articular facet: articulates to Ulnar
notch
carpal bones.
Articular facet
Styloid process of radius

Radial Olecranon ULNA
notch Trochlear notch

Coronoid process •Olecranon: most
Ulnar tuberosity prominent on the

elbow.

•Trochlear notch
Head of ulna articulates to trochlea

of humerus.

Styloid process

ARTICULATION BETWEEN RADIUS & ULNA

•Articulation between head of radius with
radial notch form proximal radioulnar joint.
•Shaft of radius articulate with shaft of ulnar
by interosseous membrane.
•Articulation between head of ulna to ulnar
notch form distal radioulnar joint.

CARPAL

•Form the wrist area of hands.
•8 bones
•Arranged in 2 rows: proximal row & distal
row.

CARPAL

•Proximal row:

• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetrum
• Pisiform

*The colour of bone names match with
the image

CARPAL

•Distal row:

• Trapezium
• Trapezoid
• Capitate
• Hamate

*The colour of bone names match with
the image

CARPAL TUNNEL

•A ‘tunnel-like’ space at the anterior wrist.
•Scaphoid, trapezium: form the lateral border of
carpal tunnel.
•Pisiform, hamate: form the medial border of
carpal tunnel.
•Other carpal bones: become the ‘tunnel’s’ floor.
•Flexor retinaculum: become the roof of the
‘tunnel’

CARPAL TUNNEL

Hamate

Trapezium

Pisiform Capitate Trapezoid

Triquetrum Lunate Scaphoid

Superior view *image given is to visualize
the tunnel only.
It doesn’t follow the actual
scale and shape.

METACARPAL

•Form the palm.
•Type: long bones
•5 bones: from lateral to medial:

• metacarpal I
• metacarpal II
• metacarpal III
• metacarpal IV
• metacarpal V

*The colour of bone names match with
the image

METACARPAL
•Bone parts: base, shaft, head.

PHALANGES

•Form the thumb & fingers.
•Type: long bone
•Phalanges: pollex, index, middle, ring, digiti
minimi.
•Bone parts: base, shaft, head.

PHALANGES

•Proximal phalanx
•Middle phalanx
•Distal phalanx

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