13 Modul SC T2-Bab13(csy4p)

SAINS TINGKATAN 2

Meteoroid / Meteoroid
• Ketulan batu atau logam kecil yang terapung-apung dalam Sistem Suria
Small pebbles or metal floating in the Solar System
• Tidak mempunyai orbit sendiri / Does not have its own orbit
• Terbentuk dari serpihan komet atau asteroid
Formed from comet or asteroid debris
• Apabila memasuki ruang atmosfera, meteoroid akan terbakar dan

membentuk meteorit / When entering the Earth atmosphere, meteoroids
will burn and form meteorites
• Mengeluarkan ekor berapi setelah memasuki ruang udara
Produce a burning tail after entering the airspace

Asteroid / Asteroid
• Bentuknya tidak beraturan seperti pecahan batu biasa
Its shape is irregular as a regular stone breakdown
• Berdiameter kurang dari 1 000 km
The diameter is less than 1 000 km
• Terletaknya di antara orbit Marikh dan Musytari
It is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
• Beredar mengelilingi Matahari
Moving around the Sun
• Juga disebut sebagai planet kecil
Also known as small planets

Komet / Comet

• Terdiri daripada dua bahagian, iaitu kepala dan ekor.
Consists of two parts, head and tail.
Bab • Gumpalan gas, ais dan debu yang mengelilingi Matahari.
Chapter

13 Blobs of gas, ice and dust that surround the Sun

13 BAB

CHAPTER

Meteoroid, Asteroid
dan Komet

Meteoroids, Asteroids

and Comets

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SAINS TINGKATAN 2

13.1  Jasad Lain dalam Sistem Suria iaitu Meteoroid, Asteroid dan Komet

Other Objects in the Solar System, such as Meteoroids, Asteroids and Comets

K.Kejayaan / S.Criteria

13.1.1 Berkomunikasi tentang jasad lain dalam sistem suria iaitu meteoroid, asteroid dan komet.
Communicate on other objects in the solar system, such as meteoroids, asteroids and comets.
SP 13.1.2
LS Membincangkan pergerakan meteoroid, asteroid dan komet dan kesannya terhadap Bumi berdasarkan data.
Discuss the movements of meteroids, asteroids and comets and their effects on the Earth based on data.
13.1.3
Menjana idea bagaimana mengurangkan atau mengelakkan kemungkinan berlakunya perlanggaran asteroid dengan
EMK Bumi. / Generate ideas on how to reduce or prevent the possibility of asteroids colliding with the Earth.

Nilai Murni Kelestarian alam sekitar / Nature preservation
Moral Value
Menyedari bahawa sains merupakan salah satu cara untuk memahami alam.
Realising that science is one way to understand nature.

Meteoroid, Asteroid dan Komet Buku Teks muka surat 270
Meteoroids, Asteroids and Comets Textbook page 270

1 Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul tentang meteoroid, asteroid dan komet.
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer about meteoroid, asteroid and comet.  TP2

Meteoroid – Sebuah objek padat yang bergerak di angkasa .
Meteoroid dan
Asteroid – Terbina daripada batuan dan logam seperti besi nikel .
Asteroid .
– Ukurannya adalah lebih kecil daripada asteroid dan lebih besar
daripada sebuah atom atau molekul (saiznya antara 10 μm hingga 1 m).

– Suhu meteoroid di angkasa lepas = 0 °C
– Kelajuan adalah berbeza-beza. Paling laju adalah 42 km s–1

– A compact object which moving in space .

– Built from rocks and metals such as iron and nickel

– Its measurement is smaller than asteroid and bigger

than an atom or molecule (size between 10 μm to 1 m).

– Meteoroid temperature in outer space = 0 °C

– Speeds are different. The fastest are 42 km s–1

– Objek besar yang mengelilingi Matahari . Bab
– Terbina daripada batuan dan logam seperti besi dan nikel . Chapter

13

– Saiz yang lebih kecil daripada planet (saiznya dari 1 m hingga 1 000 km).
– Membentuk jalur asteroid di antara orbit planet Marikh dan Musytari.
– Suhu permukaan = –73 °C
– Kelajuan purata = 25 km s–1

– Big objects which move around the Sun .

– Built from rocks and metals such as iron and nickel .

– Its size is smaller than planet (size ranging from 1 m to 1 000 km).

– Forming asteroid belts between orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

– Surface temperature = –73 °C

– Average speed = 25 km s–1

189 © Nilam Publication Sdn. Bhd.

SAINS TINGKATAN 2 – Terdiri daripada dua bahagian, iaitu kepala dan ekor .

Komet – Gumpalan gas , ais dan debu
Comet

yang mengelilingi Matahari.
– Komet mungkin jatuh ke Bumi, Bulan atau planet-planet lain jika ditarik oleh
graviti
.
elips .
– Mempunyai orbit yang berbentuk
– Purata julat kelajuan = 10 km s–1 hingga 70 km s–1

– Consists of two parts, head and tail .

– Blobs of gas , ice and dust that
surround the Sun.

– The comets may fall to the Earth, Moon or other planets if they are pulled by

gravity .

– Have an elliptical orbit.

– Average speed range = 10 km s–1 to 70 km s–1

Pergerakan Meteoroid, Asteroid dan Komet Buku Teks muka surat 272
Movements of Meteoroid, Asteroid and Comet Textbook page 272

1 Lengkapkan peta alir di bawah berkenaan pergerakan meteoroid.
Complete the flow map below on movement of meteoroid.  TP2

Meteoroid memasuki atmosfera bumi pada kelajuan tinggi disebabkan oleh daya tarikan

graviti dan menghasilkan geseran yang tinggi. / Meteoroids enter the Earth atmosphere at

high speed due to gravitational attraction and produces high friction .

Bab Jalur cahaya yang panjang dan halus dipanggil meteor terhasil daripada ketulan jisim angkasa

Chapter lepas yang terbakar.

13 meteors

The long and smooth light paths called are derived from burning masses of massive space.

Apabila meteor memasuki Bumi dengan banyak pada satu masa, pancuran meteor berlaku.
When the meteor entered the Earth in large quantity at a time, a meteor shower occurred.

Jika meteoroid tidak terbakar dengan lengkap, serpihan ini akan menghentam permukaan Bumi dan serpihan
meteorit Kawah
yang tertinggal selepas hentaman dikenali sebagai . terbentuk.
If the meteoroids are not completely burned, this fragment will hit the surface of the earth and the fragments left

behind after the impact are known as meteorites . Crater is formed.

© Nilam Publication Sdn. Bhd. 190

SAINS TINGKATAN 2

2 Isikan tempat kosong tentang pergerakan asteroid. / Fill in the blanks on movements of asteroids.  TP2

Asteroid berada dalam jalur asteroid tetapi terdapat orbit asteroid yang berada di luar jalur seperti
Apollo, Amor dan Aten. asteroid belt but there are asteroids that orbit out of the asteroid belts such as

Asteroids are in the
Apollo, Amor and Aten.

Orbit-orbit di luar lingkaran asteroid boleh berhampiran atau bersilang dengan orbit Bumi.

Orbits outside the asteroid enclosure can be near or intersect with Earth's orbit.

Pada titik persilangan atau lintasan berhampiran orbit Bumi dan orbit asteroid, perlanggaran antara
asteroid dengan Bumi boleh berlaku.
collisions between
At the intersections or trajectories point near the Earth's orbit and asteroid's orbit,
asteroids and Earth can occur.

Perlanggaran dengan asteroid bersaiz besar boleh menyebabkan kemusnahan hidupan Bumi.
A collision with a large size asteroid can cause the destruction of life on Earth.

3 Isikan tempat kosong tentang pergerakan komet. / Fill in the blanks on movement of comets.  TP2

Apabila komet menghampiri Matahari, komet semakin laju , mencair dan
kelihatan seperti berekor panjang.

When a comet approaches the Sun, the comet gets faster , melts and looks like long-

tailed.

Bab
Chapter

13

Tiupan angin suria dari Matahari menyebabkan ekor komet sentiasa menjauhi Matahari.
The solar wind blows from the Sun causes the comet's tails always away from the Sun.

Tarikan graviti planet luar yang kuat menyebabkan komet mudah terkeluar dari orbitnya.

The strong gravitational attraction of outer planet causes comets to easily out of their orbit.

Berisiko untuk berlanggar dengan Bumi pada kelajuan tinggi.
At risk of colliding with Earth at high speed.

191 © Nilam Publication Sdn. Bhd.

SAINS TINGKATAN 2

Projek / Project

  Arahan / Instructions: PdPc
21

1 Para saintis sejak sekian lama membuat penyelidikan bagi mencari kaedah untuk melindungi Bumi dari
dihentam asteroid dengan cara memperlambat atau mengubah lintasannya. Dalam kumpulan, rancang satu
persembahan multimedia mengenai fenomena perlanggaran asteroid dan jasad lain dengan Bumi. Dalam
pembentangan anda juga perlu bincangkan:
(i) Kaedah yang dicadangkan oleh saintis. (ii) Contoh kesan hentaman asteroid yang ada di Bumi.
For a long time scientists have done research to find out the methods to protect Earth from being hit by asteroid

through diverting or slowing their trajectory. In group, plan a multimedia presentation on the phenomenon of

asteroid collision and other objects with the Earth. In the presentation you also need to discuss:

(i) Methods proposed by scientists. (ii) Examples of asteroid impact on Earth.

Refleksi Murid Sila tandakan (3) Faham / Understand (    ) Kurang faham / Less understand (    ) Tidak faham / Do not understand (    )
Please tick (3)
Studentsʼ
Reflection

LATIHAN PENGUKUHAN / ENRICHMENT EXERCISE

1 Tragedi Chicxulub merupakan satu tragedi yang dahsyat melibatkan hentaman asteroid Chicxulub yang berlaku
65 juta tahun yang lalu. Hentaman asteroid ini dipercayai telah menyebabkan kepupusan dinosaur.

Chicxulub tragedy is a terrible tragedy involving the impact of the Chicxulub asteroid that occurred 65 million years
ago. This asteroid hits is believed to have caused the extinction of dinosaurs.

(a) Apakah asteroid? / What is asteroid?

Asteroid ialah objek besar yang mengelilingi Matahari / Asteroid is a big object that moves around the Sun
[1 markah/mark]

(b) Di permukaan Bulan terdapat banyak kawah-kawah besar akibat hentaman asteroid yang kerap. Mengapakah
Bumi terselamat dari hentaman asteroid secara kerap? Terangkan. / There are a lot of craters caused by frequent
hits of asteroid on the Moon surface. Why does the Earth survive from frequent asteroids impact?

Bumi dilindungi oleh lapisan atmosfera. Apabila asteroid tersasar dan memasuki atmosfera Bumi ia akan

terbakar akibat geseran yang tinggi dengan atmosfera.

The Earth is protected by atmospheric layer. When the asteroid is strayed and entering the atmosphere of the

Earth it will be burned due to high friction with the atmosphere.
Bab [3 markah/marks]
Chapter
(c) Apakah perbezaan antara meteoroid dan meteorit? / What is the difference between meteoroid and meteorit?
13
Meteorit ialah saki baki habuk dan debu daripada meteoroid yang tidak sempat hancur di udara dan jatuh

di permukaan Bumi manakala meteoroid ialah debu dan habuk yang terbakar ketika memasuki atmosfera

Bumi. / Meteorite is the residual dust of meteoroids that have not been crushed in the air and fell to the surface

of the earth while the meteoroids are dust that burned when entering the Earth’s atmosphere.
[2 markah/marks]

(d) Kenal pasti objek-objek di bawah. / Identify the objects below.

Meteoroid / Meteoroid Asteroid / Asteroid Komet / Comet
192 [3 markah/marks]
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