MATERIAL AND WORKSHEET MT Y4 FRACTIONS

Introduction to Fractions

What is a fraction?
A fraction represents part of a whole. When something is broken
up into a number of parts, the fraction shows how many of those
parts you have.

Pictures of Fractions
Sometimes the best way to learn about fractions is through a
picture. See the pictures below to see how the whole of a circle
can be broken up into different fractions. The first picture shows
the whole and then the other pictures show fractions of that
whole.

Numerator ( Pengangka ) and Denominator ( Penyebut )

When writing a fraction there are two main parts: the numerator
and the denominator. The numerator is how many parts you
have. The denominator is how many parts the whole was
divided into.

NUMERATOR ialah angka yang terletak di bahagian ATAS
DENOMINATOR ialah angka yang terletak di bahagian BAWAH

Fractions are written with the numerator over the denominator
and a line in between them.

Types of Fractions

There are three different types of fractions:
1. Proper Fractions - A proper fraction is one where the

numerator is less than the denominator. Note that a proper
fraction is always less than one.

2. Improper Fractions - An improper fraction is one where
the numerator is greater than the denominator. Note that
an improper fraction is always greater than one.

3. Mixed Fractions - A mixed fraction had both a whole
number part and a fractional part

4. Reciprocals
A reciprocal is a fraction where the numerator and
denominator are reversed. It can also be looked at as 1
over the number. When you take a number or fraction and
multiply it by its reciprocal, the answer is always 1.

Equivalent Fractions

Sometimes fractions may look different and have different
numbers, but they are equivalent or have the same value.
One of the simplest examples of equivalent fractions is the
number 1. If the numerator and the denominator are the
same, then the fraction has the same equivalent value as 1.

Here are some equivalent fractions for 3/4. The equivalent
fractions are all multiples of 3/4. Take 15/20 for example.
3 x 5 = 15 and 4 x 5 = 20.

When fractions have different numbers in them, but have
the same value, they are called equivalent fractions.
Let's take a look at a simple example of equivalent fractions:
the fractions ½ and 2/4. These fractions have the same
value, but use different numbers. You can see from the
picture below that they both have the same value.

How can you find equivalent fractions?
Equivalent fractions can be found by multiplying or dividing
both the numerator and the denominator by the same
number.

How does this work?
We know from multiplication and division that when you
multiply or divide a number by 1 you get the same number.
We also know that when you have the same numerator and
denominator in a fraction, it always equals 1. For example:

So as long as we multiply or divide both the top and the
bottom of a fraction by the same number, it's just the same as
multiplying or dividing by 1 and we won't change the value of
the fraction.

Multiplication example:

Since we multiplied the fraction by 1 or 2/2, the value doesn't
change. The two fractions have the same value and are
equivalent.

Division example:

You can also divide the top and bottom by the same
number to create an equivalent fraction as shown above.
Cross Multiply
There is a formula you can use to determine if two fractions
are equivalent. It's called the cross multiply rule. The rule is
shown below:

Darab Silang

This formula says that if the numerator of one fraction times
the denominator of the other fraction equals the
denominator of the first fraction times the numerator of the
second fraction, then the fractions are equivalent. It's a bit
confusing when written out, but you can see from the
formula that it's fairly simple to work out the math.
If you get confused on what to do, just remember the name
of the formula: "cross multiply". You are multiplying across
the two fractions like the pink "X" shown in the example
below.

Comparing Fractions
How can you tell if one fraction is bigger than another?

In some cases it's pretty easy to tell. For example, after
working with fractions for a while, you probably know that ½
is bigger than ¼. It's also easy to tell if the denominators are
the same. Then the fraction with the larger numerator is
bigger.

However, sometimes it's difficult to tell which is bigger just by
looking at two fractions. In these cases you can use cross
multiplication to compare the two fractions. Here is the basic
formula:

Here is an example

Key Things to Remember
• Equivalent fractions may look different, but they have the same

value.
• You can multiply or divide to find an equivalent fraction.
• Adding or subtracting does not work for finding an equivalent

fraction.
• If you multiply or divide by the top of the fraction, you must do

the same to the bottom.
• Use cross multiplication to determine if two fractions are

equivalent.

WORKSHEETS – Answer all questions
Circle the correct fraction from the given choice.

Write fraction the shaded parts of each shape represent.
Draw a line between the multiply fractions.

Circle the shape that fractions given. 1
4
2
3

13
35

11
24

21
34

Circle the shape that fractions given. 1
4
1
3

42
58

35
58

23
34

Circle the shape that shows 2
5
1
12

11
68

16
5 16

11
42

Write the improper fractions for the shaded parts.

Write the fractions of the shaded area.

Color the shapes according to the fractions below each shape.

Color the shapes according to the fractions below each shape.

Color the shapes according to the fractions below each shape.

Draw a line between of the fractions given.

Identify Numerators and Denominators

Identify Numerators and Denominators

Identify Numerators and Denominators

Match the fractions to their word forms

Two over Three
One over Five
One over Eight
Three over Six
Seven over Eight
Two over Seven
Three over Four

Match the fractions to their word forms

One over Six
Two over Four
Three over Eight
Two over Nine
Three over Five
Five over Seven
One over Three

Circle the correct answers

Circle the correct answers

Circle the correct answers

Write the fraction of the number line.

Write the values in both improper fraction form and
mixed number forms. The fraction is done for you.

IMPROPER MIXED
FRACTIONS NUMBERS

14 2 2
6 6

Equivalent Fractions Worksheet