Bailey magazine

WHAT'SGOING
ONINSIDE?

FEATURING:
THEBODYSYSTEMS

TAKE CARE OF YOUR DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM BY BRUSHING YOUR TEETH!
KEEPING YOUR TEETH CLEAN AND
PLAQUE FREE CAN REDUCE YOUR RISK
OF HEART DISEASE! REM EBER,
SCHEDULE A DENTIST APPOINTM ENT
EVERY 6 M ONTHS TO M AKE SURE
YOUR PEARLY W HITES ARE HEALTHY!

BODYSYSTEMS WRITTENBY:
ASHLEYK.DIXON

The human body systems include the
digestive system, endocrine system, immune
system, integumentary system, muscular
system, nervous system, reproductive system,
respiratory system, skeletal system and
urinary system. In all, that makes ELEVEN body
systems and groups of organs that work
together to keep the body functioning properly.
The digestive system includes the stomach and
intestines. The endocrine system works to
release hormones. The immune system fights
infection and disease. The lymphatic system
holds the lymph nodes. The muscular system is
where the muscles and movement is done. The
nervous system includes the nerves, where
messages through the body are sent through
electrical impulses. The reproductive system is
where the reproductive organs such as the
penis and vagina are housed. The respiratory
system has the lungs and is where carbon
dioxide is exchanged with oxygen. The skeletal
system, which includes the bones, store
minerals like calcium and control movement.
The urinary stsyem, which includes the bladder,
releases wastes and can be used by doctors to
find out what is going on inside the body.

Also, to find out what is else is going on
inside the body, keep reading! Find out how
energy is used, what happens when you get
sick, and where babies REALLY come from!

DIGESTIVESYSTEM

This system is one that can break down the FUNFACTS:
food you eat. It all starts in your mouth through a
process called mastication. The digestive system is THEDIGESTIVESYSTEMCANCHANGE
made up of organs that break down food into protein, FOODYOUEATINTONUTRIENTSYOU
vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the NEED!
body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After food THEPERISTALSISKEEPSFOODINYOUR
is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the esophagus STOMACH!
and enters the stomach, where it is further broken
down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach THESMALLINTESTINEISABOUT22FEET
the food travels into the small intestine. This is where LONG!
your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter
the bloodstream through tiny hair-like projections.
The excess food that the body doesn't need or can't
digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the
body.

Organs used: Stomach, small intestine, large intesitne,
mouth, teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

ENDOCRINESYSTEM

The endocrine system is in charge of secreting
hormones that regulate the body. The glands are
controlled directly by stimulation from the nervous
system as well as by chemical receptors in the
blood and hormones produced by other glands. By
regulating the functions of organs in the body,
these glands help to maintain the body?s
homeostasis. The glands, which include the
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
adrenal glands, thymus gland, pineal body,
pancreas, ovaries, and testes, release hormones
directly into the bloodstream, which transports the
hormones to organs and tissues throughout the
body.

IMMUNESYSTEM

The immune and lymphatic systems are two closely related
organ systems that share several organs and physiological
functions. The immune system is our body?s defense system
against infectious pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi as
well as parasitic animals and protists. The immune system
works to keep these harmful agents out of the body and
attacks those that manage to enter. The lymphatic system is a
system of capillaries, vessels, nodes and other organs that
transport a fluid called lymph from the tissues as it returns to
the bloodstream. The lymphatic tissue of these organs filters
and cleans the lymph of any debris, abnormal cells, or
pathogens. The lymphatic system also transports fatty acids
from the intestines to the circulatory system.

INTEGUMENTARY The integumentary system is an organ system
SYSTEM consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine
glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick
yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The
average person?s skin weighs 10 pounds and
has a surface area of almost 20 square feet. Skin
forms the body?s outer covering and forms a
barrier to protect the body from chemicals,
disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and
nails extend from the skin to reinforce the skin
and protect it from environmental damage. The
exocrine glands of the integumentary system
produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and
moisturize the skin?s surface.

The lymphatic system is a defense system for LYMPHATICSYSTEM
the body. It filters out organisms that cause disease,
produces white blood cells, and generates Fun Facts:
disease-fighting antibodies. It also distributes fluids
and nutrients in the body and drains excess fluids The lymphatic system works with the immune
and protein so that tissues do not swell. The system and cardiovascular system.
lymphatic system is made up of a network of vessels
that help circulate body fluids. These vessels carry This system's organs are usually looked at as
excess fluid away from the spaces between tissues "unnecessary".
and organs and return it to the bloodstream.
There are many diseases that affect the system
The lymphatic system is a series of vessels like leukemia, cancer of white blood cells.
throughout the body that drain fluid from tissues.
Bacteria and other microbes are picked up in the
lymphatic fluid and trapped inside lymph nodes, where
they can be attacked and destroyed by white blood
cells. Common problems of the lymphatic system
include glandular fever, Hodgkin's disease, edema
(swelling) and tonsillitis. The lymphatic system is a
network of tubes throughout the body that drains fluid
(called lymph) from tissues and empties it back into the
bloodstream. The main roles of the lymphatic system
include managing the fluid levels in the body, filtering
out bacteria, and housing types of white blood cells.
Lymph is filtered through the spleen, thymus and lymph
nodes before being emptied into the blood.

Lymph nodes are found at various points
around the body, including the throat, armpits, chest,
abdomen and groin. All lie close to arteries. Bacteria
picked up from the tissues by the lymph are trapped in
the lymph node. White blood cells called lymphocytes
can then attack and kill the bacteria. This is why your
lymph nodes tend to swell if you have an infection.
Viruses and cancer cells are also trapped by lymph
nodes.

MUSCULARSYSTEM

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THESMALLESTMUSCLESAREFOUNDINTHEMIDDLEEAR
YOURTONGUEISTHESTRONGESTMUSCLEINYOURBODY

The muscular system is made up of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control movement of the body. Some
muscles? like the ones in your arms and legs? are voluntary, meaning that you decide when to move them. Other
muscles, like the ones in your stomach, heart, intestines and other organs, are involuntary. This means that they are
controlled automatically by the nervous system and hormones? you often don't even realize they're at work.
The body is made up of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Each of these has the ability to
contract and expand, which allows the body to move and function. .
Skeletal muscles help the body move. Smooth muscles, which are involuntary, are located inside organs, such as the
stomach and intestines. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. Its motion is involuntary

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Fun Facts:
Our brains lose almost one gram as we age every year.
There are 100 billion neurons in our brains alone.
The nervous system can transmit signals at speeds of 100 meters (328 feet) per second.

NERVOUSSYSTEM

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal
cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect
these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these
organs are responsible for the control of the body and
communication among its parts. The brain and spinal cord
form the control center known as the central nervous
system (CNS), where information is evaluated and
decisions made. The sensory nerves and sense organs of
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor conditions
inside and outside of the body and send this information
to the CNS. Efferent nerves in the PNS carry signals from
the control center to the muscles, glands, and organs to
regulate their functions.

Nerves are found all throughout the body. The
signals they carry is the reason why when we touch hot or
cold object, th rest of our body reacts.

REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM

Want to know how babies are made? Well, thank the
reproductive system! This system allows humans to have
children. It is the reason girls get their periods at a certain
age, why we get pubic hair, why our voices change and why
our bodies experience abrupt alterations in appearance once
we hit puberty.

Female reproductive diseases:

Endometriosis is a condition involving colonization of
the abdominal/ pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial
t i ssue.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) ? although males have a
closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a
direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female
reproductive tract.

Prolapsed uterus ? the uterus is almost directly above the
vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus
extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in
proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into
the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix
protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is
typically required to restore the uterus to its proper

anatomical position.

Your respiratory system is made up of the
organs in your body that help you to breathe.
Remember, that Respiration means Breathing.
The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen to the
body and to take away carbon dioxide. The
lungs are the main organs of the respiratory
system

Diseases:
Asthma: The airways are persistently inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing
wheezing and shortness of breath. Allergies, infections, or pollution can trigger asthma's
sympt oms.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Lung conditions defined by an inability to
exhale normally, which causes difficulty breathing.
Cystic fibrosis: A genetic condition causing poor clearance of mucus from the bronchi. The
accumulated mucus results in repeated lung infections.

SKELETALSYSTEM The skeletal system does more than on ewould
would think. Not only does it keep the body upright
with shape and strength, the bones also store minerals
such as calcium. The skeletal system is made up of
bones, ligaments and tendons. It shapes the body and
protects organs. The skeletal system works with the
muscular system to help the body move. Marrow, which
is soft, fatty tissue that produces red blood cells, many
white blood cells, and other immune system cells, is
found inside bones.

Diseases:

Osteoarthritis is the wear and tear our bones and joints
experience over time. Obesity is an important factor
that can accelerate osteoarthritis, especially of the
knees and hips. All joints are lined with cartilage to
provide cushioning and synovial fluid to help lubricate
the joint through a range of motion. Over time, these
tissues break down and wear away leading to bone
spur formation, joint narrowing, inflammation and pain.
Severe osteoarthritis management consists of pain
control and at times steroid joint injections can provide
temporary relief. Advanced cases are treated with joint
repl acement .

Autoimmune arthritis occurs when the body attacks itself
and damages joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is one example
and over time, results in severe joint destruction and
chronic debilitation. Treatments are geared toward
managing pain and modulating the immune system to
limit further.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a spectrum of bone disorders
ranging from mild to severe and life threatening. People
with this condition are prone to fractures with minor
trauma. The most severe form usually results in death
in-utero. Persons with this disorder may have blue
appearing sclera (the white part of the eye has a bluish
tint)

URINARYSYSTEM

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DISEASES-Bladder cancer is

diagnosed in about 75,000
Americans each year and is more
frequent in men and the elderly
according to the American Cancer
Society. The symptoms, including
back or pelvic pain, difficulty
urinating and urgent/ and or
frequent urination, mimic other
diseases or disorders of the urinary
syst em.

Kidney stones are clumps of
calcium oxalate that can be found
anywhere in the urinary tract.
Kidney stones form when chemicals
in the urine become concentrated
enough to form a solid mass,
according to the Cleveland Clinic.
They can cause pain in the back and
sides, as well as blood in the urine.
Many kidney stones can be treated
with minimally invasive therapy,
such as extracorporeal shock wave
lithotripsy, which disintegrates the
kidney stones with shock waves.

Prostatitis is a swelling of the
prostate gland and, therefore, can
only occur in men. Often caused by
advanced age, symptoms include
urinary urgency and frequency,
pelvic pain and pain during urination

The urinary system eliminates waste from the body, in the form of urine.
The kidneys remove waste from the blood. The waste combines with
water to form urine. From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes
called ureters to the bladder. When the bladder is full, urine is discharged
through the urethra.

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