SCD Civil Guide - English- Draft6

Exposure to a brush. This will irritate ical. See a doctor as
chemicals the wound. Immediately soon as possible.
dispose of clothing or
When the skin has shoes that have been First-Aid for
come in contact with a covered with the chem- Fractures and
chemical, wash off with
water. Do not scrub with

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Emergency First Aid

Sprains 6

1 Try not to move the
person or the part that
is painful.

2 Rinse any wound with
clean water and apply
a sterile gauze.

3 Prepare a splint to
support the broken
bone.

4 Immobilize the injury
by binding the splint
and the joints on both
sides of the fracture
with a cloth.

5 Do not tie the knot
right over the wound.

6 If the broken arm or
dislocated shoulder
needs additional sup-
port, you can create a
sling from a triangular
bandage. Scarves and
large handkerchiefs
can also serve as
triangular bandages.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 52

Water and Sanitation

Having access to clean water and good sanita-
tion is important for preventing many illnesses
and outbreaks. Some illnesses can be treated
with medicine. However, in Syria, many bacteria
have developed resistance and medicine may
be difficult to acquire.
Prevention is key!

Ways to protect you 2 3
and your family:

1 If possible, use bottled
water with unbroken
seals.

2 If bottled water is waste. Latrines should 6 If you think your drink-
unavailable, boil the be located away from ing source has been
water or treat it with homes and at least 30 contaminated, let your
chlorine or household meters from a body of local authorities know.
bleach (see example). water.

3 Any food should be 4
thoroughly cooked.

4 Handwashing after
using the bathroom
and before preparing
food or eating is critical
for prevention.

5 Prevent disease from
spreading by properly
disposing of human

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Water and Sanitation

Vaccinate!

Disinfection of Cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A can be prevented
Drinking Water through careful sanitation and hygiene. However, you
must always be vaccinated for hepatitis A and B, ty-
The instructions below phoid, diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis. An oral chol-
show you how to boil era vaccine may also be available. Approach your local
and disinfect water to kill clinic if you or your children have not been vaccinated. In
most disease-causing the event of an outbreak, you will be better protected.
microorganisms in the
water. Only use water Volume of Water Amount of 8.25% Sodium
that has been properly 1 liter Hypochlorite Bleach to Add
disinfected for drinking, 2 drops
cooking, washing dishes
and for brushing teeth. 4 liters 6 drops
7.5 liters 12 drops (1/8 teaspoon)
7 Boil water, if you do
not have bottled water. 15 liters 1/4 teaspoon
Boiling is sufficient
to kill pathogenic 30 liters 1/2 teaspoon
bacteria, viruses and
protozoa. contains 8.25% of water according to
sodium hypochlorite. the table below.
8 If water is cloudy, let Do not use anything
it settle and filter it that is scented, color 14 Stir and let stand
through a clean cloth safe, or contains for 30 minutes. The
or coffee filter. added ingredients. water should have a
slight chlorine odor.
9 Bring water to a boil 12 If water is cloudy, let
for three minutes. it settle and filter it 15 If the chlorine taste is
through a clean cloth, too strong, pour the
10 Let water cool nat- paper towel, or coffee water from one clean
urally and store it in filter. container to another
clean containers with and let it stand for a
covers. 13 Mix liquid bleach few hours before use.
stored at room tem-
11 Disinfect water using perature for less than
regular, unscented one year with your
bleach, if you cannot
boil water. The label
should say that it

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 54

Danger of
standing water

Breeding place for mos-
quitoes and flies which
carry disease.

Standing water from Preventing illness Preventing the spread
flooding can carry spread by flies of flies
cholera, typhoid fever,
and hepatitis A. Flies are known for 1 Remove any items
spreading at least 200 that are attracting flies,
If there is open known pathogens and including rotting food
sewage and the water parasites to humans. and dirty drains.
level rises, small cuts Some diseases known
can get infected. to be spread by flies 2 Take out the trash
include typhoid, cholera regularly and cover it.
Promotes the growth of and dysentery.
mold inside your home 3 If you have a fan, this
which can cause respira- can also discourage
tory problems. insects.

It is important to keep any kind of receptacle 4 Make a basic fly trap
upside down to avoid water buildup. If you notice (see page 56).
stagnant or green water in your neighborhood,
contact your local authorities or Syria Civil Defence.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 55

Water and Sanitation
1

24 Make a Fly Trap

You can also open about 1 Cut a plastic water
a 3cm hole in the upper bottle 1/3 down from
half
of the bottle and hang the top.
the bottle by a string where
you need it. 2 Pour a sugary liquid
such as juice, vinegar
or soda into the bot-
tom half of the bottle
up to 2cm.

3 Turn the top part of
the bottle upside down
and place into the
bottom half.

4 Use tape or glue to
put them together.

5 Flies attracted by the
smell will
go into the
bottle and not be able
to get
out.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 56

Sand flies 2

Sand flies can carry 4 3 Close cracks and gaps
leishmaniasis, a disease in the walls, floor, and
which can permanently ceiling after cleaning
disfigure you. Sand flies them out by pasting
are much smaller than over the crack. This
mosquitos. They travel in will prevent infestation
swarms, so where there since this is where they
is one, there are many. breed.
They are mostly active in
dusk and dawn periods. 4 Use insect repellent.

How to Get Rid of 5 Use fine mesh
Sand Flies: screens or netting.

Indoors 6 Spray insecticides
inside and outside the
1 Clean every corner of house to exterminate
the house including sand flies.
carpets.

2 Clean any cracks in
walls, floors, or ceiling.
Use a handheld vacu-
um cleaner if you have
them.

56

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 57

Water and Sanitation

7 Keep orange peel 7
extracts at windows or
doors.

8 Use lemon or any
citrus to spray areas
which may be infested.



Other Preventive 2
Measures
58
1 Keep yourself covered.
Wear socks, full sleeve
shirts, full length pants,
and hats.

2 Wear light. Colored
clothes as sand flies
are attracted to dark
shades.

3 Rub the inside of a
banana peel on your
skin

4 Sprinkle vinegar on
your clothes.

5 Eat garlic orally or rub
it on your hands and
legs.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue®

Prevent Dehydration

In order to prevent dehydration from extreme
conditions, illness, medicine, and burns, prepare
an oral rehydration solution, which has an ab-
sorption rate that is about 25 times higher than
water.

Ingredients: Dissolve 4 tablespoons of sugar (about 40 grams)
1 water 2 sugar 3 salt and 0.5 teaspoons of salt (about 4 grams) in 1 liter
of water. Drink it immediately.

4 x Sugar

0.5 x Salt

1 liter

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 59

Oral Hygiene

With a lack of medical services, a minor health
problem can become a serious and painful
infection. Prevention is key. Try to keep your
mouth clean even if you do not have a
toothbrush.

1
2

1 Use clean gauze, 2 Add half a teaspoon of 3 You can use this
paper towel, or wash salt to a cup of warm solution on wounds as
towel, wrapped water. Wash it around well if you do not have
around your finger. If your mouth and throat another anti-bacterial
you have baking soda for a minute and spit solution available.
or salt, you can mix out. Make sure not
either with a little water to swallow. This is It will hurt but can
to make a paste. Dip especially effective if speed the healing
the gauze or whatever you have a sore throat, process so the wound
material you have in cold, or mouth wound or cut has less time to
the solution and move of any kind. become infected.
your wrapped finger
along your teeth.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 60

Dealing with extreme cold
and hot temperatures

1 Adjust Your Body 2
Temperature
You can adjust your
body temperature by
heating or cooling the
back of your neck,
under your arms, and
above your tailbone.

1

2 Warm/cool your neck If you are hot, place
Wrap a heavy scarf an ice pack or wrap a
or towel around your damp towel or clothe
neck when you are around the back of
cold. This improves your neck.
blood circulation and
will significantly help
maintain your body
temperature.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 61

Dealing with extreme cold and hot temperatures

3 Warm/cool your 5
underarms
Because there is a 4
large artery near the
surface, warming or
cooling this area will
have effects on your
whole body.
Your whole body will
be warmed if you
place a plastic bottle
with hot water under
your arm. You should
place cold packs
under your arms when
it is hot.

5 Make a hot
water bottle
Materials: Plastic bot-
tle, water, hot water,

funnel, container such

4 Warm the area as a bucket, towel

above your tailbone Mix equal portions of
Adjusting the tempera- tap water and boiling
ture above the tailbone water to make luke-
is an easy way to
warm water about
adjust your body tem-
60 degrees Celsius.
perature. Your whole
Pour this into a strong
body will be warmed
plastic bottle, and
if you apply a body
wrap in a towel to pre-
warmer to the area
vent low-temperature
above your tailbone.
3 burns.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 62

6

6 Keep warm at night 9 Fill small holes/gaps 9
Put insulating mate- in walls, doors, and
rials on the floor, for windows by taping 11 Leave ventilation in
example rugs, matts, nylon or plastic sheet- rooms with lots of
or blankets. The floor ing, hanging a curtain moisture like bath-
will draw warmth or blanket, or rolling a rooms to avoid con-
away so try to raise blanket or clothe and densation and mold,
the mattress off the placing it or taping it
floor or place extra into gaps. 12 Leave ventilation near
insulation under it. You any gas heater.
could even use layers 10 Plastic sheeting on
of cardboard. Add the inside and out
insulation to roof and can be used to fill
or walls especially if missing windows and
you are in a temporary doors.
structure or tent.

7 Draft proofing to close
gaps and holes will
prevent heat loss and
cold air from seeping
into your shelter.

8 Concentrate on cre-
ating ‘warm rooms’,
making bedrooms
and living rooms draft
proof.


© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 63

Mental Health

Information for adults taking care of children 2
through conflict and displacement 6

What might you be
experiencing?

1 You may become
more anxious or ner-
vous or depressed.

2 You may have flash-
backs that lead to
rapid heartbeat or
sweating.

3 You may find it diffi-
cult to concentrate or
make decisions.

All of these things may
affect how you get on
with the child or children
you are looking after.

What can you do to
help yourself?

4 Recognize that you are
a unique person.

5 Allow yourself and your
children to mourn any
losses you may have
experienced.


6 Take support from
family and friends.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 64

Mental Health

7 Try and keep a positive
outlook.

8 Try to be patient with
how you are feeling.

9 Look after yourself and
try to rest when you
can.


10 As much as you can, What might your child 15 Being fearful and
establish routines like be experiencing?
anxious.

bedtime.
How children react to 16 Difficulty sleeping,
11 Try to keep yourself stressful experiences nightmares, night
occupied with regular can vary depending terrors, shouting or
chores or work or on their age and many screaming.

activities with others.
other things, but here
are some common ways 17 Older children may
12 Share your thoughts children react: go back to bedwet-
and concerns with ting, clinging to their
others who have had 14 Physical complaints: parents, frequent
similar experiences. headache, stomach crying,
thumb-suck-
ache, fatigue, lack of ing, being afraid to be
13 Maintain any religious appetite. left alone.

activities you do.

18 Becoming unusually
12 aggressive or the
opposite, shy and
introverted.

19 Difficulty concentrat-
ing.

It is important to remem-
ber that it is NORMAL for
children to show stress
reactions or problem be-
haviors after frightening and
distressing experiences.


© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 65

Mental Health

25


What can you do to
help your child?

SAFETY

20 Ensure your children
know where you are
staying and how to
get help if they are
separated from you.


21 Strive to keep your PROVIDING WARMTH 27 Do not promise your
family together at all AND SUPPORT
children things you
times. cannot provide. Try
24 Tell them often that to give them accurate
22 If you are going to a you love them often. information about
distribution site either Promise that you will what is happening
keep your children do everything you without being harsh.
close by at all times can to protect them.

or leave them at 28 Look for opportuni-
home in the care of a 25 Try to be affectionate ties to praise your
responsible and trust- with your child by of- child when they have
ed relative or adult.
ten giving them hugs done something
or holding their hand.
good, however small
23 If your child goes out, it may seem.

tell them to let you 26 Pay attention to
know where they are them. Ask how they 29 Try to be patient with
going and when they feel about their expe- your child and not
will be back.
riences. to criticize them for
changes in behavior.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 66

30 Encourage your child 31
to help, and praise
and thank them when
they do. Children
cope better and
recover sooner when
they help others.


ENCOURAGING PLAY


31 Encourage your 33
child to play with
you, their siblings, or
other children. Play is
important in helping
children work through
stress. It helps main-
tain some normality in
their lives.


MAINTAINING A
ROUTINE

32 Try to maintain rou-
tines such as bed-
time as much as you
can.

33 Encourage children
to do schoolwork
(reading, writing,
maths) even if there
are no schools open.
Maintain a school-
like schedule for this
study.

34 Eat at similar times
with family as much
as possible.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 67

14 SCD Contact
Information

A special application for Syria Civil Defense is
currently available on the Play Store and soon the
app will be launched on Apple Store. The Aware-
ness Section contains vital information of dangers
of UXO and war remnants, educational materials
for children, and other information to help protect
you and your family.

Notices will also be sent to the users in the event of an emergency
or an important event (a huge operation or attacks with internation-
ally prohibited weapons such as chemical gases).
If you would like additional information on how to protect or rein-
force your home or farm, visit your SCD center for a step by step
guide to protecting your home. If you would like additional informa-
tion on the explosive remnants of war in your area and about their
dangers, visit your SCD center or ask SCD volunteers to conduct
an awareness session at your school, mosque, or office.

© Copyright. Mayday Rescue® 68

Download the SCD application on your android phone for
additional information from SCD on how to protect yourself.
Go to Google Play Store and look for "The White Helmets"
application to download.

Or scan the
QR code

15 Quiz

Community Preparedness Quiz

Q1: What should you do when you hear a siren?
Q2: What should you do if you are trapped in your room and

cannot move after an attack?
Q3: What should you do before evacuating?
Q4: What items should you place in your emergency bag?
Q5: What should be prepared for when family members are

separated?
Q6: What is the contact information for you and your family? Fill

out cards on the back and keep with you.
Q7: What is your evacuation area or meeting place for you

and your family if you can’t get in touch?
Q8: Where can you go in the event of an air strike?
Q9: What is the safest thing to do upon hearing a siren?

70