Mattakkattu page

A≥]tXmfw d_¿ ac߃ h®p ]nSn∏n°pIbp≠mbn. {io
]Wn°¿°v t£{X`cWw ap≥t]m´p sIm≠pt]mIphm≥
_p≤nap´mbt∏mƒ tkz—bm \nbam\pkrXa√mØ Hcp B[mcw
D≠m°n 1981 sk]vXw_¿ 26˛mw XobXn t£{X`cWw
]Sn™msd°c F≥.Fkv.Fkv. IctbmKØns\ G¬∏n°pI
bp≠mbn.
{io. hniz\mY∏Wn°cpw F≥. Fkv. Fkv. IctbmKØn¬
Hcp ÿm\w hln®ncp∂p. Ime{ItaW d_¿ Sm∏nwKv XpSßpIbpw
AXn¬ \n∂pff BZmbhpw aWnae B‰n¬ \n∂v aW¬ hmcn
sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v tSmƒ Bbn Hcp \√ kwJybpw e`n°m≥
XpSßn. Cu AhkcØn¬ {io. hniz\mY∏Wn°¿ AIme Ncaw
{]m]n°pIbp≠mbn. {io. hniz\mY∏Wn°cpsS \ncymWØn\v
tijw F≥. Fkv. Fkv. IctbmK°m¿ ]pXnb IΩ‰n cq]oIcn°p
Ibpw t£{XØns‚ `cW NpaXe G¬°pIbpap≠mbn. ]pXnb
IΩ‰nbnse `qcn]£w Bƒ°m¿°pw t£{Xw icn°v
\SØns°m≠pt]mIp∂Xn¬ Xm¬∏cyap≠mbncp∂n√. d_¿
hn¬∏\bn¬ \n∂pw aW¬hmcen¬ \n∂p In´p∂ BZmbw
Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøpIbmWv D≠mbXv. Cu AhkcØn¬
t£{XØnse {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ Xmev]cyap≠mbncp∂
Ingt°°cbnse \mb∑mcpw a‰bv°m´v IpSpw_Ønse
Bƒ°mcpw Nß\mt»cnbnse F≥.Fkv.Fkv. Bÿm\sØ
{]apJcmb IΩ‰n AwKßfpambn _‘s∏SpIbp≠mbn.
AhcpsSsb√mw \n¿t±im\pkcWw tN\∏mSn Ingt°°cbn¬
]pXnbXmbn Hcp F≥.Fkv.Fkv. IctbmKw cq]oIrXamIpIbpw
t£{X`cW NpaXe Ah¿ Gs‰Sp°pIbpw D≠mbn. AXn-\p-
tijw Cu t£{Xw tN\-∏mSn Ing-t°-°c {io `-K-h-Xn-t£{Xw
F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]pXnbXmbn cq]oIrXamb IctbmK
IΩ‰nbpsS Du¿÷kzeXbpw {]h¿Ø\ ss\]pWyhpw aqew
Iptd h¿jßfmbn t£{XØnse \nXy]qPbpw ao\∏qc
atlm’hhpw Bbney]qPbpw a‰pw hfsc`wKnbmbn \S°p∂p≠v
F∂pffXv Hcp bmYm¿∞yw am{XamWv.





51

t£{X kap-®-b-Ønse

tZh-X-Ifpw BtLm-j-ßfpw




{iotImhnense {]XnjvT
]cainh\pw ]m¿ΔXnbpw

(A¥nalmImf\pw˛ Abeb£nbpw)






















[ym\t«mIw
{]^p√\otemev]etemN\mssb
hnImk]t¶cpltemN\mssb
PK÷\ss\yPKtZI]nt{X
\a»nhmssbN\a»nhmb.


\ΩpsS ]ctZhX {io. t]m¿°eotZhnbpw tXhmc
aq¿ØnIƒ ]cainh\pw ]m¿ΔXnbpamWv. tXhmcw F∂m¬
IpSpw_ Cuizc]qP F∂¿∞w. inhs‚bpw ]m¿ΔXnbptSbpw
Im´mfthjØnepff {]XnjvTbmWv {iotImhnen¬. {io.
t]m¿°eotZhnbpsS _memeb {]XnjvTbmbncp∂p BZyw.
XnS∏ffnbn¬ Hcp aqebn¬ tZhnhn{Klw h®v ]qPn®ncp∂p. Hcp
52

Xq°phnf°pw IØn®ph®ncn°p∂Xp ImWmambncp∂p. R߃
h¿j߃°v apºv a‰bv°m´v t£{XØn¬ t]mIptºmƒ
AhnsSbmWv sXmgpXp {]m¿∞n®ncp∂Xv.
aWnaebmdns‚ XocØv Db¿∂ Ip∂nembn a‰bv°m´p
tZhot£{Xw ÿnXnsNøp∂p. t£{XØnse `KhXnsb
{KmatZhXbmbn IcpXn Bcm[n°p∂p. Ip∂n≥apIfnse ]ShpIƒ
IbdnsN√ptºmƒ sNdpsX¶nepw anI® hmkvXphnZyItfmSp
IqSnb Gsd ]g°wsN∂ t£{Xw ImWmw. A¥nalmImf\pw,
Abeb£nbpw BWv apJy{]XnjvTsb¶nepw, Abeb£nsb
`KhXnbmbn k¶ev]n®mWv ]qPIƒ. D]tZhXbmbn
_me`{Ztbbpw {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂p.
ao\∏qcamWv tN\∏mSn `KhXnt£{XØnse D’hw.
t£{XØns‚ ]n≥`mKØpIqSn aebpsS apIfnte°p Ibdnbm¬,
hnimeamb ta¬Ø´nseØpw. CSXq¿∂ h≥ hr£ßtfmSp
IqSnb c≠p k¿∏°mhpIfpw, a[yØnembn {]mNo\ab a‰bv°m´v
Ifcnbpw CSXp`mKØmbn [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚ t£{Xhpw
ImWmw. ap∂qdp h¿jtØmfw ]g°apff Ifcnbnse t£{Xw
kº∂amb hmkvXphnZym \n¿ΩnXamWv. ta¬°qcbv°p
ap∂nepff ]ncnb≥ hfbn¬ sImØp]WnbpsS sshZKv≤yw
sXfn™pImWmw. Ifcnbnse XSnbnse \n¿ΩnXnIƒ,
NnXseSpØpw Ime∏g°Øm¬ {Zhn®pw XpSßnbncn°p∂p.
IfcnbpsS Dffnse Adbn¬, Nt{Iizcn, {iot]m¿°en F∂o
tZhXamtcbpw {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂ ]oT߃ ImWmw. IfcnbpsS
Dffn¬ KW]Xntbbpw, Ifcn°pdp∏nt\bpw, IpSpw_ \mYt\bpw
k¶ev]n®v {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂ ÿm\߃ apºn¬Øs∂
ImWmw. hmfns‚bpw, NpcnIbptSbpw a‰mbp[ßfptSbpw,
XpcpsºSpØ AhinjvSßfpw Ifcnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≠v.
taSamkØnse ]ØmapZb \mfn¬ am{XamWv IfcntZhXIƒ°v
]qP \SØp∂Xv. a‰bv°m´v Ifcn {]h¿Ø\k÷ambncp∂
ImeØv, Ifcnbn¬ ]Tn®ndßnb tbm≤m°ƒ°mbn,
A`ymk{]IS\ßfpw ]ØmapZb \mfn¬ Actßdnbncp∂p.
A`ykn°p∂h¿°v a’c∏co£Ifpw A∂p≠mbncp∂p.







53

tN\∏mSn a‰bv°m´v imkvXm t£{Xw



















Xameiymafw `{Zw ]nwKfmIev]kpμcw
A[nPyIm¿apIw htμ kXyahy‡buh\w



hn√mfnhoc\mb Aø∏s\bmWv IfcntbmSp tN¿∂
t£{XØn¬ {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂Xv. CSw Iøn¬ hn√pw hew
Iøn¬ Aºpw ]nSn®p \n¬°p∂ A]q¿Δ hn{KlamWv {]XnjvT.
Xangv hwiPcmb t_mb≥am¿ tN\∏mSn {]tZiw sImffbSn°m≥
FØnbt∏mƒ Aø∏s\Øn Ahsc XpcØnsb∂pw
tZihmknIfpsS B{Kl{]Imcw Xs‚ km∂n[yw F°meØpw
ChnsS D≠mIpsa∂pw Adnbn®pht{X. Aßs\bmWv t£{Xw
ÿm]nXambsX∂mWv hnizmkw.
\mem¶¬ IrjvW]nffbpsS ""almt£{X߃°p
ap≥]n¬''F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ""Fcptaen°v kao]w aWnae
bmdns‚ XocØv {]IrXn kpμchpw, i_cnae Xo¿∞mSIcpsS
Hcp Xmhfhpambncp∂p tN\∏mSn. AhnsS a‰bv°m´v Xdhm´v
hI hfsc ]g°apff Hcp imkvXmt£{Xap≠v. Cu t£{Xw
at\mlcamb Hcp Ip∂ns‚ apIfn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂p. ]pcmX\
Imew apX¬ hmfpw ]oThpw h®v km∂n[ys∏SpØn Bcm[n®p
t]m∂ncp∂p'' F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

54

heyΩmhs‚ (Fw. B¿. cmaIrjvW∏Wn°¿) acW
tijw Iptd°meambn Po¿Æmhÿbn¬ InS∂ncp∂ tN\∏mSn
`KhXnt£{Xhpw, {io[¿ΩimkvXmt£{Xhpw, {io. Fw. B¿.
hniz\mY∏Wn°cpsS {ia^eambn 1977˛mam≠n¬ ]p\cp≤mcW
{]h¿Ø\߃ Bcw`n®p. kp{]kn≤ tPym’y≥ {io. Nnd°Shp
`mkvIc≥ \mb¿ \SØnb AjvSawKey {]iv\Øn¬ AdnbmsX
InS∂ ]ehkvXpXIfpw shfn®Øp hcnIbp≠mbn.
X¬^eambn Cu imkvXmhv (hn√mfnhoc≥) tZim[n]Xy
]ctZhXbmsW∂pw, hn{Kl{]XnjvT \SØn, Bcm[n°p∂Xv
\m´pImcptSbpw, IpSpw_Ønt‚bpw A`nhr≤n°v Bhiyam
sW∂pw ImWpIbp≠mbn. {]iv\hn[n{]Imcw 1977 \hw_¿
amkw 9˛mw XobXn hn{Kl{]XnjvT \SØn.

]¥fØp cmPmhns‚ hf¿Øp]p{X\mb {ioAø∏≥
XmXm⁄bm¬ ]pen∏men\v ]pds∏´ IY \mw tI´n´pffXmWv.
]pen∏men\p ]pds∏´ Aø∏≥, ]penIsf At\zjn®v Nnd°Shp
hgn Fcptaenbn¬ FØnbXmbn ]dbs∏Sp∂p. Aßs\bpff
bm{Xmat[y tN\∏mSnbnepsaØn. Ct∏mƒ imkvXm{]XnjvT
\SØnbn´pff ÿeØp \n∂v aWnaebmdns‚ Ingt° Icbnepff
Ip∂n≥ {]tZißfnepw XmgvhcIfnepw ]penIsf ho£n®Xmbpw
(Z¿in®Xmbpw) ]dbs∏Sp∂p. Aø∏≥ B ÿeØp hn{ian®
Xmbpw, AhnSpsØ Xmak°m¿ D]Ncn®Xmbpw ]dbs∏Sp∂p.
A∂papX¬ AhcpsS c£bv°mbn AhnsS km∂n[ys∏´Xmbn
IcpXp∂p.
Aø∏t£{XØns‚ ]q¿ΔNcn{Xw

tN\∏mSnbnseØnb Aø∏≥ Ic{]amWnbmbncp∂
a‰bv°m´v ]Wn°cpsS BXnYyw kzoIcn°pIbpw, ]penth´bv°v
Hcp tbm≤mhmbncp∂ ]Wn°sc, Xs‚ k¥XklNmcn
(A\pNc≥) B°pIbpw A∂v {io. ]Wn°¿ Aø∏s\ Icnae
hsc A\pKan°pIbpw sNbvXp. ASpØ Znhkw ]Wn°¿°v
Aø∏≥ kz]v\Øn¬ {]Xy£s∏´Xmbpw, ""Xm¶fpsSbpw
55

IpSpw_Øns‚bpw c£bv°mbn Rms\∂pw IqsSbp≠mIp''
sa∂pw ]dbpIbp≠mbn. CXnt\mS\p_‘ambn \SØnb
{]iv\Øn¬ a‰bv°m´v Ifcn°p kao]w Aø∏s‚
km∂n[yapffXmbn sXfnbpIbpw, AhnsS {io. ]Wn°¿ hn√mfn
hocs‚ t£{Xw \n¿Ωn°pIbpw D≠mbn. A∂v {ioAø∏≥
D]ImckvacWm¿∞w ]Wn°¿°v c≠v A\p{Klhpw
sImSp°pIbp≠mbn. D≠mIm≥ t]mIp∂ Fcptaen t£{XØns‚
]Xn°q¿ AhImihpw, bmsXmcphn[Ønepff {hXm\pjvTm\hpan
√msX kv{Xo]pcpjt`Zw IqSmsX F∂pw i_cnae t£{Xw
kμ¿in°p∂Xn\pff kuIcyhpw sNbvXpsImSp°pIbp≠mbn.
A°mesØ√mw a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_Ønse AwK߃ (kv{XoIƒ)
t£{XZ¿i\w \SØnbncp∂p. Aø∏∑m¿s°√mh¿°pw,
a‰bv°m´p RßfpsS ho´nepw, Fcptaenbn¬ Ipc´nbnepff
RßfpsS AΩmh≥ cmaIrjvW∏Wn°cpsS ho´nepw
A∂Zm\hpw hncnhbv°m\pff kuIcyhpw sNbvXpsImSpØn
cp∂p. Xncph\¥]pcØp \n∂pw [mcmfw DtZymKÿ¿
AhnsSh∂v Xmakn®v i_cnaebv°p t]mbncp∂p.
a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_°m¿°v sIm√n\pw sImebv°pw
AhImiap≠mbncp∂p A∂v. Hcn°¬ ]qPmcnbmbncp∂ Hcp
\ºqXncn, IpSpw_Ønse Hcp bphXntbmSv A]acymZbmbn
s]cpamdpIbpw, a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_Ønse ASpØ _‘phmb
Ip‰n°m´v ]Wn°¿ At±lsØ in£n°pIbpw, in£bpsS
ImTn\yw sIm≠v \ºqXncn°v A]arXyp kw`hn°pIbpw sNbvXp.
B Bfns‚ k¶ev]ØnemWv {_“c£ ns‚ {]XnjvT F∂pw
]dbs∏Sp∂p. thsdmcphn[Ønepw FgpXnbn´p≠v. GXmWv
icnbmbn´pffXv F∂v Adn™pIqSm.
Aø∏ kvacWIƒ
A°meØv Ip´\mSv cma¶cnbn¬ \n∂pw IpSntbdn∏m¿
°m\nSbmb a‰bv°m´v cma∏Wn°cpw IpSpw_hpw tN\∏mSnbn¬
h∂ptN¿∂p. CS∏ffnغpcms‚ \o´paqew ]ºmkckvXSw
apX¬ ]Sn™m´v \m¬∏Xn\mbncw (40000) G°¿ `qanbpsS
DSabmbn Xo¿∂p. ]Wn°¿, Icnae XpSßnb h\{]tZi߃

56

sh´nbgn®v Im¿jnIhrØn D]Poh\ am¿§am°n. ]Wn°cpsS
A≤zm\ioehpw, `‡nbpw At±lsØ sFizcy kar≤nbnepw
{]Xm]Ønepw BdmSn®p.
{]IrXnbpsS {]tXyI i‡nIƒ tI{μoIcn®pffhbmWv
Nne aeIƒ. Ahbn¬ {][m\nbmWv Icnae. B hn√t\bpw
]Wn°¿ `‡n]q¿Δw Bcm[n®ph∂p. Ime{ItaW, A∂v
ImSns‚ \Sphn¬ ÿnXnsNbvXncp∂ A¶mfΩ≥ tImhnense
aq¿Øn, ]Wn°¿°v km∂n≤yw \¬In. IncmXaq¿Ønbmb B
`Khms\ h®mNcn®p. (B `Khms‚ ]p\x{]XnjvT 1977 ¬
tN\∏mSnbn¬ a‰bv°m´p t£{XØn¬ \S∂p).

\ΩpsS sIm®ø∏\pw ]cnhmcktaXw AXn\SpØp
h∂ptN¿∂p.
A—s‚ A\p{Klmin pIƒ e`n® Aø∏\v Nnd°Shn¬
\n∂v In´nb Ifcn∏b‰pw, A`ymkapdIfpw iXKpWo`hn®v
ssNX\y]q¿Æambn. A—\pw \mSn\pw Imhset∂mWw, hn√pw
Aºpw Bbp[am°n h\m¥cßfn¬ k©cn®p XpSßn.
ZpjvSP¥p°sf \n{Kln®pw a‰pw injvS c£bm¬ IfnbmSn.
`‡intcmaWnbmbn ]cnekn®ncp∂ ]Wn°cpsS ap≥]n¬
B hn√mfnhoc≥ {]Xy£s∏´v th≠ klmbw sNbvXp
sIm≠ncp∂p. ]Wn°sc A`ymkapdIfpw A`ykn∏n®p XpSßn.
A—s‚bpw aIs‚bpw A\p{Klmin pIƒ sIm≠v ]Wn°¿°pw
IpSpw_mwK߃°pw sFizcykar≤amb ]ptcmKXnbp≠mbn.
sIm®ø∏≥ Dt±in® Imcyw \ndth‰m≥ ]ns∂bpw h\k©mc
Øn¬ apgpIn. F∂m¬ {]`mXw aμambn Nncn®t∏mƒ Aø∏s\
I≠ ÿm\Øv Hcp hn{KlamWv ]Wn°¿ I≠Xv.

CSXpIcØn¬ Du∂n∏nSn® hn√pw, heXpIøn¬ Hmßn
\n¬°p∂ ichpw hln®v Imh¬°mc\mbn \n¬°p∂XmWv
sIm®ø∏s‚ hn{Klw. tPymXnj{InbIfneqsS AXv sIm®ø∏≥
F∂p sXfn™p. F∂pXs∂b√ F{Xbpw thKw B _nw_hpw
]cnhmcßfpw {]XnjvTbv°p hnt[bam°n ]qPn°Wsa∂pw
{]iv\hn[nbp≠mbn.

57

cma∏Wn°¿ hn√mfnhoc\mb Aø∏s\ sX°p`mKØpw
{iot]m¿°entZhn XpSßnb ]cnhmcßsf hS°p Ifcn
sI´nbp≠m°n®v AXnepw {]XnjvTn®p.
sIm®ø∏s‚ i‡n tI{μambn klmbn®ph∂Xv {io
t]m¿°eotZhnbmWv. AXv ]m¿ΔXotZhnbpsS ]e`mhØn¬
{][m\amWv. 64 ssIItfmSpIqSn, aضcnsb˛ ImXn¬ IΩen´v
k©cn°p∂ {iot]m¿°ensb `b`‡n]q¿Δw `Pn°pIb√msX
a‰p am¿§an√ Xm\pw.
Aßs\ hn√mfnhoc\pw {iot]m¿°eo tZhnbpw a‰p
D]tZh∑mcpw {]XnjvTnXambn. hn√mfnhocs‚bpw {iot]m¿°en
bptSbpw \n{Klm\p{Kli‡nbm¬ IpSpw_hpw \mSpw
{]ikvXambn.
1. Hcn°¬ a‰bv°m´v IpSpw_w hI Adp]Øn\mev FcpaIfn¬
H∂ns\ Hcp ISph h∂p ]nSn®p. FhnsS\n∂v F∂dn™n√.
Hcºv ISphbpsS Xebn¬ Xd®p. Fcpasb hn´n´v ISph
HmSnc£s∏´p.
2. ]ns∂mcn°¬ Iptd Iff∑m¿ IqSn cma∏Wn°cpsS hI 15
Xpemw hcp∂ hm¿∏pw FSp°mhp∂nStØmfw kz¿Æhpw
tamjvSn®v shfnbnendßn, {iot]m¿°eo tZhn Ab®
B\Itfm F∂dnbn√, Iptd Im´m\Iƒ Ahsc HmSn®p.
hm¿∏pw B`cWßfpw Bdns‚ Icbv°n´v B‰n¬ NmSn Ah¿
c£s∏´p. cmhnse km[\߃ ho´pIm¿°v Xncn®p In´pIbpw
sNbvXp.
3. sNdphffnbn¬ \n∂pw i_cnaebv°v ]pds∏´ Hc—\pw aI\pw
IqSphn´v hgnsX‰n tN\∏mSn aqgn°¬ hn√mfnhoc
t£{X\Sbn¬ k‘ybmbt∏mƒ FØm\nSbmbn. Ah¿
`Khms\ `‡n]q¿Δw `Pn®v AhnsS°nS∂p. t\cw
shfpØt∏mƒ Fßs\sb∂dn™n√ ]ºbn¬ AhcpsS
Iq´phncnbn¬ Ah¿ FØnt®¿∂p. AXpw hn√mfnhoc
]cm{Iasa∂v IcpXnt∏mcp∂p.
Cßs\ Nne A\p-`h IY-Iƒ ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v.

AXn\ptijw Aø∏∑m¿ B t£{XZ¿i\w sNbvtX
i_cnaebv°v t]mbncp∂pffp.
58

Ct∏mƒ Im™nc∏ffn aWnae tdmUn¬ IqSn ]gbnSw hgn
bm{XmkuIcyaps≠∂pffXv {]tbmP\{]ZamWv. Cßs\ Z¿i\w
sIm≠pw a‰\p`h߃ sIm≠pw {]ikvXnbm¿÷n®ncp∂
t£{XßfpsS ]p\cp≤mcW I¿Ω]cn]mSn kawKfw
\n¿hln°s∏´ BfpIƒ°v A\p{Klh¿jw sNmcn™p
XpSßnbncn°p∂p. ]e {]K¤ ImcWh∑m¿°pw km[n°m
sXt]mb t£{X ]p\cp≤mcW I¿Ωw, aq∂pamk߃ sIm≠v
]q¿Ønbm°nb tN\∏mSn aqgn°¬ hniz\mY ]Wn°¿ (hnizw)
Fw. B¿. hn. ]Wn°¿ RßfpsS aqØ tPyjvT≥, Hcp `KocY≥
Xs∂bmWv. AXn\pth≠ klmbw A¿∏n® a‰mfpIfpw [\ycmWv.

t£{X {]XnjvTnXcmb A¶mf∑m¿, hn√mfnhoc≥,
{iot]m¿°en F∂o tZhssNX\yßfpw, k¿∏w, Icnae apXemb
a‰p i‡nIfpw Z¿in°m≥ Ignbp∂ `‡P\ßfpw ]pWyhm∑m¿
Xs∂. Z¿in®v hocyw Dƒs°mffpI. a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_t£{X
kap®bØnse hnhn[ {]XnjvTIfpsS hniZhnhc߃ t\csØ
{]kvXmhn®ncp∂pht√m. A°q´Øn¬ FgpXm≥ hn´pt]mb
hnhcw IqSn Ct∏mƒ tN¿°m≥ B{Kln°p∂p.

a‰bv°m´p Ifcn°pw, k¿∏°mhpIƒ°pw ]pdInembn Hcp
]Ømb∏pc D≠mbncp∂psh∂v ap≥]v FgpXnbncp∂t√m.
GItZiw 40,000 ]d s\√v kw`cn°m≥ kuIcyapff Hcp ]Ømbw
AhnsSbp≠mbncp∂p. \ndsb s\√pw kw`cn®ncp∂p.
A∂sØ ImcWhcmb {io. ]Wn°¿°v Hcp B{inX
hrμw Xs∂bp≠mbncp∂p. A°q´Øn¬ Ip´\m´n¬ \n∂ph∂
GXm\pw t]cpw D≠mbncp∂p. Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Hcp cm{Xnbn¬
]ØmbØns‚ Hcp `mKw ]mc D]tbmKn®v, IpØns∏mfn°pIbpw
hfscb[nIw s\√v AhnSp∂v tamjvSn°pIbpw sNbvXp.
AXn\ptijw Ah¿ Ip´\m´nte°p \mSphn´p. hnhcadn™v
]Ømb∏pcbnseØnb ImcWh¿°v, IpØns∏mfn°m≥
D]tbmKn® ]mc ]ØmbØn\p kao]Øp \n∂pw In´pIbp
≠mbn. ZpxJnX\mb At±lw ]mcbpambn tZhnt£{XØn
59

seØpIbpw, tZhnbpsS ]oTØn\v Xmsg ]mc h®v ]qPn°m≥
]qPmcntbmSv \n¿t±in°pIbpw sNbvXp.
aq∂pZnhkw Ign™t∏mƒ tamjWkwLw Aednhnfn®p
sIm≠v, ImcWhcpsS kao]sØØn. tamjWkwLØn¬ s]´
F√mh¿°pw hfdnf°hpw a‰v AkzÿXIfpw BsW∂pw
c£n°Wsa∂pw ]dbpIbp≠mbn. ImcWh¿ AhtcmSv
tZhot£{XØn¬ t]mbn, {]m¿∞n°m≥ ]dbpIbpw, AtXmSp
IqSn AhcpsS AkpJw amdpIbpw D≠mbn.
1977˛¬ t£{X Pn¿tÆm≤mcWØn\v ap≥]mbn,
]Ømb∏pc s]mfn®pam‰n.
1950˛Ifn¬ A∂p≠mbncp∂ ImcWh∑mcpw \m´pImcpw
tN¿∂v, ]ØmbØn\Snbn¬ \n[ntiJcaps≠∂p ]d™ptI´v,
1977˛¬ Po¿tÆm≤mcWØn\p ap≥]v \mamhtijamb
]Ømb∏pc s]mfn®pam‰pIbpw, \n[ntiJcw I≠p]nSn°p∂Xn\v
GItZiw, A©Sntbmfw Xmtgbv°v Ipgn®v aÆpw I√pw
am‰pIbp≠mbn. AhnsS\n∂v Hcp iqehpw, iothen°v
Fgps∂ffn∏n\v D]tbmKn°p∂Xpt]mepff Hcp ]©teml
tZhnhn{Khpw e`n°pIbp≠mbn. tZhnhn{Klw C∂pw a‰bv°m´p
t£{XØn¬ inh]m¿ΔXn hn{KlßfpsS \Sphnepw, iqew
aqgn°¬ ho´nse Adbv°IØpw kq£n®n´p≠v.


Ifcn ÿm\߃



1 2 3 4 5 6 7





8 9


1. NmapWvUn, 2. Nt{Iizcn, 3. `pht\izcn,
4. {iot]m¿°en, 5. Zp¿§, 6. b£n,
7. K‘¿Δ≥, 8. Ifcn°pdp∏v,
60

9. IpSpw_\mY≥ (aqe∏nXr)
8˛9 F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬ IpSpw_\mY≥ Acnbpw ]qhpw
A¿∏n®v Z£nW hbv°Ww.

CXns‚ HdnPn\¬ RßfpsS aqØ tPyjvT≥
(Fw. B¿. hn. ]Wn°¿) FgpXnbXv kq£n®ph®n´p≠v.



a‰bv°m´p Xdhm´nse

k¿∏°mhpIƒ



HcpImeØv tIcfw k¿∏mcm[m\bpff IpSpw_߃
tN¿∂ XdhmSpIfmbncp∂p. Ahsb√mw sFizcyØns‚
{]XoIßfmbncp∂p.

k¿∏tZhXIsf `qanbpsS A[n]Xnbmbn´mWv
]pcmW߃ {]Io¿Øn°p∂Xv. k¿∏tZhXIsf ssihw F∂pw,
sshjvWhsa∂pw XcwXncn°s∏´n´p≠v. ]qPm {Iaßfn¬
inh]qPbpw, sshjvWh ]qPbpw Xs∂bmWv ]Xnhv. F∂m¬
k¿∏ tZhXIƒ°v (ssihhpw sshjvWhhpw) A[ntZh\mbn
as‰mcp tZhXm k¶ev]ap≠v. B tZh\mWv almKW]Xn.
KW]Xn `Khms‚ hbdn¬ Np‰n°nS°p∂ tZhk¶ev]w
`qaWvUesØ Np‰n°nS°p∂ BZntijs\bmWv {]Xn\n[o
Icn°p∂Xv.

\´p®bv°p t]mepw kqcy≥ IS∂psN√m≥ aSn°p∂
{]Imcw Gsd ]g°w sN∂ Iq‰≥ acßfmepw hffnIfmepw
\nd™ncn°p∂XmWv \mK°mhv.
a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_w hI c≠p k¿∏°mhpIƒ D≠v. H∂v
"DØak¿∏hpw' at‰Xv "A[ak¿∏hp'amWv. c≠nSØpw ]qPIƒ
\SØmdp≠v. F√m h¿jhpw I∂n, Xpemw amkßfn¬
IpSpw_Øn¬ Bsc¶nepw k¿∏]qP (Bbney]qP) \SØmdp≠v.


61

AXpIqSmsX IctbmKØns‚ hIbmbn´pw Bbney]qP
\SØmdp≠v.
Hcph¿jw R߃ ]qP Ign∏n®psIm≠ncp∂ kabØv Hcp
k¿∏Øns\ I≠p. kz¿Æ\ndØnepff Hcp sNdnb k¿∏w
F√mh¿°pw `b¶c AXnibambn.

{_“c£ v

{_“⁄m\w t\SmsX AXn\p {ian® Bƒ CltemI
hmkw shSnbptºmgmWv {_“c£ mbn amdp∂Xv. Cuizc
ssNX\yapff Hcp D]tZhXbmbn´mWv {_“c£ ns\ IcpXn
Bcm[n°p∂Xv. c£ ns‚ {iotImhn¬ inh]m¿ΔXn
t£{XØns‚ I∂nt°mWnemWv. {_“c£ n\v ]m¬∏mbkw
t\Zyw Ign°mdp≠v.
\mKcmPmhv, \mKb£n apXemb {]XnjvTIfpw D≠v.
Iiy]{]Pm]Xn°v Z£]p{Xnbmb ap\nbn¬ P\n®hcmWv
c£ pIƒ.
c£ v˛ c£ sImSp°p∂ aq¿Øn. c£ v hnjvWphpambn
_‘s∏´n´pff ssNX\yamWv.
]q¿Δ]m]w, P∑m¥c ZpcnX߃, {Kl∏ngIƒ,
ap÷∑]m]߃ F∂nhbv°v ]cnlmcw c£ v, k¿∏w ChIsf
Xr]vXns∏SpØpIbmWv.
c£ ns‚ {]XnjvT inhenwKcq]ØnemWv. hm¬°ÆmSn
cq]Ønepw D≠v. c£ ns\ `‡n]q¿Δw Bcm[n°Ww.
{][m\s∏´ Znhk߃: hymgmgvN, shfpØhmhv,
IdpØhmhv.
""b£ct£m K‘¿Δ In∂cx
]nimtNm KplyI
knt≤m`qfln tZh\tbm\b.''
Hmw \tam `KhtX hmkptZhmb
Hmw im¥nx im¥nx im¥nx


62

A\p_‘w

]pcmX\ t£{Xßsf∏‰nbpw sFXolyßsf kw_‘n
®pw At\zjn®v teJ\߃ FgpXp∂ ]ffnt°mWw cmPohv
Fs∂mcmƒ a‰bv°m´v t£{XØnepw t]mbn hnhc߃
At\zjn®dn™v Iptd t^mt´mIƒ klnXw Hcp teJ\w FgpXn.
Fs‚ aqØ tPyjvT≥ cmaN{μemepw hkvXphIIsf∏‰n Ipd®p
hnhc߃ ]d™psImSpØncp∂p. AXmWv Xmsg FgpXnbncn
°p∂Xv.
\m´pcmPyßsf B{Ian®v Iogvs∏SpØn am¿ØmWvU
h¿Ω XncphnXmwIq¿ hnkvXrXam°nbtXmsS CS∏ffn
cmPhwiØn\v tN\∏mSn Dt]£n®pt]mtI≠nh∂p. XpS¿∂v
t£{Xm[nImcw {]ikvXamb sImßq∏ffn a\bnte°mbn.
t£{XØns‚ ÿm\nIcmb a‰bv°m´p ]Wn°¿°v apgph≥
AhImihpw hns´mgn™v 1896˛¬ sImßq¿ ]ffna\°m¿
]n≥hmßn. XpS¿∂v a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_°m¿ t£{X`cWw
Gs‰SpØp.

tN\∏mSn {KmamXn¿Øn ap∏Ømdmbncw G°dmWv.
(Icnae apX¬ aWnaebpsS Ingt° A‰w hsc.) sNdphffn
FtÉns‚ `mKambn amdnb BbncØn Ccp\qdv (1200) G°¿
hcp∂ Ccn°m´p {]tZihpw a‰bv°m´p IpSpw_w hIbmbncp∂p.
1923˛¬ aebmfw πmt‚j≥ Iº\nbv°v G°sdm∂n\v Hcp cq]m
\nc°n¬ ]m´hyhÿtbmsS d_¿ Irjn sNøp∂Xn\v Cu
{]tZiw hn´psImSpØp. XpS¿∂v sImc´nbnepw tN\∏mSn
aqgnbv°epapff _‘p°ƒ°v Cu XpI e`n®psIm≠ncp∂p.
1984˛¬ aebmfw πmt‚j\pw lmcnk¨ t{Imkv ^o¬Uv Iº-
\nbpw ebn®v lmcn-k¨ aebmfw Iº\nbmbtXmsS ]m´ØpI
e`n®psIm≠ncp∂Xv \ne®pt]mbn. hymPtcJ Ir{Xnaambn
\n¿Ωn®v lmcnk¨ aebmfw sNdphffn FtÉv _neothgvkv
N¿®n\p hn‰p. dh\yq ]pdtºm°p `qan F∂ \nebn¬ k¿°m¿
hnam\ØmhfØn\mbn Gs‰Sp°m≥ XpSßnbt∏mgmWv Cu
h©\bpsS IY ]pdØmIp∂Xv. `qanbpsS AhImisØ
sNm√nbpff tIkmWv Ct∏mƒ sslt°mSXnbn¬ DffXv.

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

a‰bv°m´v cma∏Wn°¿

























































72

am[-hn-bΩ hmkp-∏-Wn-°¿
































kXn, _n. sI. tat\m≥, kcf


73

cma-Ir-jvW-∏-Wn-°¿ imJ


























Fw.-B¿.-]n.-ta-t\m≥, inh-cm-a≥\m-b¿, Fw. B¿.-hn.-]-Wn-°¿
Kucn-b-Ω, Im¿Øymb-\n-b-Ω, am[-hn, cma-Ir-jvW-∏-Wn-°¿
_me≥, {io[-c≥, Ip´-∏≥, tKm]n




























74

a‰bv°m´v s]m∂Ω imJ
















{io[-c-ssI-aƒ s]m∂Ω









































75

sX∂-t»-cn¬ X¶Ω imJ


























X¶Ω






























76

a‰-bv°m´v aqgn-°¬ Kucn-bΩ imJ
























Kucn-bΩ (tbmKn-\n-bΩ)





























tbmKn-\n-bΩ ˛ kam-[n-a-fi]w


77

cma-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿ ˛ sN√Ω




























78

Pn. sN√Ω























Fw. B¿. hn. ]Wn-°¿ ˛ cp‹n-WnbΩ








79

80

a‰bv°m´v IpSpw_-tbm-K-߃





























2010























2013



81

2015


























2018




82

tN\-∏mSn a‰-bv°m´v t£{Xw

(In-g-t°-°c {io `K-h-Xn-t£-{Xw)






















































83

84 imkvXm-t£-{Xhpw Ifcnbpw

ka¿∏Ww


Imtb\ hmNm a\-tk-{μn-ssb¿Δm
_p≤ym-fl\m hm {]IrtXx kz`m-hmXv

Itcman bZy¬ kIew ]ckvssa
\mcm-b-Wm-tbXn ka¿∏-bm-an.



























85

Hmw \a-xin-hmb














86

87

88