time magazine PDF

Introduction

During 1800-1825 the United States began to develop a modern
democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans
sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society
and institutions to match them. Innovations in technology, agriculture,
and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and
regional identities. The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and
expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and
spurred government and private initiatives. All of these events help
America to be what it is today.

Culture at this time

● Fashion in the early 1800s
depended almost entirely on where
you stood in the political hierarchy.
The men wore breeches which
were knee or ankle length pants
with dress shirts. Men wore top
hats and wigs to show off their
social status. The women wore 4
layers of clothing which include
under garments (chemises,
stockings), foundation garments
(corsets, kerchiefs), daily garments
(long gowns), and outer garments
(gloves, shawls). The girls wore
dresses but the older you are the
longer the dress was. The boys
wore long pants with tunics.

Court Cases

Marbury v. Madison-Outgoing McCulloch v. Maryland- In 1818
President John Adams had issued Maryland passed legislation to tax the
William Marbury a commission as justice Second Bank of the United States.
of the peace, but the new Secretary of James McCulloch, a cashier at the
State, James Madison, was told not to bank's branch in Baltimore, refused to
deliver it. Marbury then sued to obtain it. pay the tax. It was determined that it was
The supreme court said that Marbury did constitutional to create the bank, and
have a right to his commission but, the that the states could not impose a tax
court didn’t have the authority to force because the government had sovereign
Madison to deliver it. Due to this case power over the states.McCulloch lost in
we now have a system that allows for the Baltimore County Court and that
the branches to each have their own court’s decision was affirmed by the
equal amount of power to insure that the Maryland Court of Appeals. This case is
decisions that are made are lawful and important because it set up the idea that
according to our Constitution. the federal government can do more or
less whatever it wants. It set up a broad
definition of the power of Congress
under the Constitution.

Presidents during 1800-1825

Thomas Jefferson 3rd U.S. president James Madison 4th U.S. president
1801-1808. President Jefferson’s first 1809-1817. President Madison was
term in office was remarkably successful known for starting the War of 1812 even
and productive. In with keeping with his though we weren’t properly funded nor
Republican values, he stripped the prepared an army. Trade stopped
presidency of all the trappings of between the U.S. and Europe which hurt
European royalty, reduced the size of American merchants. Madison renewed
the armed forces and government the charter for the Bank of the United
bureaucracy. He also lowered the States to raise funds for the war.
national debt and purchased Louisiana Madison also had some
which was one of his significant accomplishments which was signing the
accomplishments. While during his Macon’s Bill No.2, which repealed the
second term he came across some Non-Intercourse Act and allowed French
difficulties. For example the Embargo and English goods on American ships as
Act of 1807 wrecked American economy long as trade rights were respected. He
and led to war. also co-authored the Federalist papers
and was instrumental in the drafting of
the constitution and Bill of Rights.

James Monroe 5th U.S. president
1817-1825. Era of Good Feelings
coincided with his presidency and saw
the collapse of the Federalist Party.
President Monroe helped expand the
U.S. by using his diplomatic skills.
During this time the nation’s economy
was booming due to the victory in the
War of 1812. During his presidency
Monroe had to deal with issues such as
tariffs, the extinction of slavery, and
foreign affairs. Some of his
accomplishments include purchasing
Florida from Spain, extended the
country’s territory into the Pacific
Northwest, helped control sectional
tensions and asserted the primacy of the
U.S. in the Western Hemisphere.

Current Events

The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a The War of 1812 was an armed conflict
land deal between the United States and between the U.S. and the British. In
France, in which the U.S. acquired June 1812, the United States declared
approximately 827,000 square miles of war against Great Britain in reaction to
land west of the Mississippi River for $15 three issues: the British economic
million. The U.S. wanted the territory blockade of France, the induction of
because of the economic advantages of thousands of neutral American seamen
the Mississippi River and port of New into the British Royal Navy against their
Orleans. The French gave up the land will, and the British support of hostile
because Napoleon needed money for Indian tribes along the Great Lakes
costly wars in Europe. The Louisiana frontier. The Treaty of Ghent officially
Purchase allowed the U.S. to grow ended the war.This treaty is significant in
physically and economically. It also kept that it restored the borders that existed
the U.S. from going to war with France. prior to the war and that Americans
actually managed to not lose the war
and it showed growing power of the new
nation. However, it failed to address any
of injustice that first dragged America
into the war.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 The Monroe doctrine was delivered by
was an effort by the U.S. Senate and President James Monroe. Through this
House of Representatives to maintain a doctrine, he warned European powers to
balance of power between the refrain from seeing any new territories in
slaveholding states and free states. In the Americas. However, America highly
1819, Missouri applied for admission to lacked the power to back up Monroe's
the union as a slave state. At the time, statement, which was actually enforced
slave states and anti-slave states were by the British who sought unrestricted
evenly balanced, and neither side access to Latin American markets. This
wanted to cede advantage to the other. is significant in that America declared its
Southern slave states argued that new non-colonization and nonintervention
states should be free to choose slavery, from foreign powers.
while northern anti-slave states insisted
that Congress had the power to ban
slavery. In the end Missouri was
admitted to the union as a slave state,
but Maine was admitted as a free state.
Also, no slavery north of the 36/30 line.
This helped hold the union together for
30 years.

The Panic of 1819 was a crisis in
financial and economic conditions
following the War of 1812, a period of
national exuberance and the
establishment of the Second Bank of
America. The Panic of 1819 was part of
a worldwide financial crisis but the inept
management of the Second Bank of
America caused the U.S. panic by first
extending far too much credit, then
quickly restricting it. These banking
policies led to runs on state banks, bank
closures, foreclosures and
bankruptcies.This caused Americans to
have a deep distrust of banking and also
allowed for a backlash on the idea of
westward expansion. Also caused an
economic depression and ended the
"era of good feelings"

Important people Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
set out in May 1804 to explore and map
Henry Clay the American West. President Thomas
Jefferson commissioned Lewis to head
an expedition to explore the
newly-bought Louisiana Territory in
order to further commerce. Jefferson
also wanted information on the plant and
animal life of the American West. This
was the first official expedition to cross
the continent to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis
chose Clark as the co-leader of the
expedition. The important thing about
the expedition was that it led to many
discoveries, people, land, plants,
animals, waterways, and trade.