82 I felt sorry 1 83 Would be angry 1 83 A sensitive woman 1 84 Caroline’s tired and upset 2 85 He felt rich and assured 1 85 A pretty anxious day 1 86 A curious expression 1 87 I’m glad 1 87 She was surprised 1 88 His eyes were restless and impatient 2 89 It seems wiser 1 88 Suddenly cheerful 1 89 Michaels’s hungry, tragic, unpleading 3 90 It seemed unforgivable 1 90 A lucky man 1 91 She was ill 1 91 So poignant 1 91 So confusing 1 91 A familiar charade 1 92 Those jovial sinister group 2 93 A few bewildered and enthusiastic Europeans 2 93 Polite group 1 93 Michael felt very considerate and proud 2 93 Generous and fresh and free 1 93 Nervous as a ticker tape 1 93 It is nice 1 93 Isn’t so difficult 1 93 It’s amusing 1 76 Popular song 1 76 A faithful heart 1 81 You are an awful 1 90 He felt rather uncomfortable 1 92 Caroline, active and excited 2 93 Most intimate of all 1 81 The idea seemed abrupt 1 77 Intolerable memories 1 80 His misery less acute 1 88 How glad I am 1 83 Just as sensitive as a fire horse 1 83 They were alone 1 85 He felt rich and I assured himself 1 86 He was hard enough 1 87 You’re tired 1 78 A happy time 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
79 Two confident men 1 80 Ordinary stimulant 1 81 Less acute of the mistake 1 80 A gay party 1 80 Michael was not tired 1 81 It is so nice 1 81 I’m so happy 1 81 You’d be silly 1 Total 82 In the story, Fitzgerald uses the human propensity descriptive adjective most frequently because he knows that the application of this category of descriptive adjective will make the characterization of the characters in his story be more alive and interesting. He believes that most of the readers love to read about people. Nothing can stir their emotions the way people can. It is relevant to what White rightly states that the best way to involve the readers’ emotions quickly is by making a dynamic and dramatic characters using vivid language (White, 1985:74). Applying this particular type of adjective, Fitzgerald can effectively capture the characters’ feelings or emotions along with their personal traits or tendencies. 4. Colour In particular, a descriptive adjective denoting colour specifies the aspect of the appearance of objects and light sources that may be described and specified in terms wholly from one’s perception (Gove. 1981: 447). To say another way, a descriptive adjective colour suggests a sort of visual sensation or perception that enables one to distinguish objects or things by referring to a particular colours they posses like in her crackly yellow hair (p. 81) and a grey light (p. 84). The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
complete list of these particular kind of adjectives can be illustrated in the following table: Table 2.d. Colour Page Phrase/Sentence Containing Adjectives Total 81 Her cool and tender grey eyes 1 90 Michael, white and shaky 1 94 Her white, billowing dress 1 81 Her crackly, yellow hair 1 84 A grey light 1 87 Two blue telegrams 1 Total 6 From the table above, it is shown that the occurrence of this type of descriptive adjective in the story is few enough. Specifically, there are only 6 (2.98 %) adjectives denoting colour found in the text. Essentially, it is due to the reason that the power of this story lies in the character’s sketch the writer skilfully elaborated in the story. For this respect, it is reasonable then, if the writer will only select adjectives that may effectively help him to make the powerful and interesting characters in his story. Consequently, the application of descriptive adjective denoting colour itself is less significant, since it does not have so much to do with the character’s personal traits, tendencies, and feelings. 5. Age Another kind of descriptive adjective used in the story is a descriptive adjective denoting age. As its name suggests, a descriptive adjective denoting age gives specific information about the length of time during which a being or a thing has existed or occurred (Guralnik, 1975: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
27). The examples of this category of adjective that we commonly used are new, young, old and just a few more items (Dixon, 1982: 15). Accordingly, we can say something is young, old, or new, by pointing to the length of time during which it has existed or occurred. In particular, there are 20 (9.95 %) adjectives denoting age found in the short story. Table 2.e. Age No Phrase/Sentence Contained Adjectives Total 75 Her young heart 1 79 Young people 1 79 His dinner coat was old 1 79 A new one 1 80 The smartest young man 1 83 An older man 1 80 Old man 1 85 His new dinner coat 1 91 The very fine old lady 1 91 Old ladies 1 93 The modern fashion 1 93 The young man 1 94 Very bright and young 1 91 New American looking glass 1 80 His new silk hat 1 88 A new suit 1 88 A new clothes 1 85 A new proud linen 1 88 New cloth 1 90 A new church 1 Total 20 From the table above, we may see that the descriptive adjective new, young, and old are frequently used in the story. These adjectives are highly distributed in a passages or sentences which are intended chiefly to contrast the two or more objects or characters in the story. By applying the proper and various PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
adjectives denoting age, Fitzgerald has been able to suggest a kind of variety in describing the characters and objects he created in his story. 6. Speed The least frequently used of descriptive adjective in the text is the descriptive adjective denoting speed. This particular kind of adjective is scarcely distributed in the story. Totally, there are only 5 adjectives denoting speed (2.48 %) that are used in the story. As its name implies, the descriptive adjective speed tells specific information about the rate of something at which it moves, travels, happens or done (Sinclair, 1995: 768). A few examples that can be categorized into this kind of adjectives are fast, quick, slow, and few more items (Dixon, 1982: 15). The occurrence of this category of adjective can be examined in the following table: Table 2.f. Speed No Phrase/Sentence Contained Adjectives Total 76 A quick of series 1 91 Slow drift 1 75 Imminent marriage 1 82 A short telephone 1 93 The quick stream of champagne 1 Total 5 From the table above, The descriptive adjective imminent in imminent marriage (p. 75) can be classified into the descriptive adjective of speed because the word imminent, which means “likely to come or happen soon” (Hornby, 1987: 424) describes how quickly the marriage comes. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
In “The Bridal Party” love becomes the predominant theme in the story. For this reason, the details of the characters or the objects movements in the story might not become the writer’s primary concern. In other hand, the descriptive adjective denoting speed might be more creatively elaborated in other kinds of fictional writings, say for example, in an action story. For this reason, the distribution of this very kind of descriptive adjective in “The Bridal Part” is strictly limited. 7. Value The last category of descriptive adjective used in the story is the descriptive adjective denoting value. Specifically, the descriptive adjective value expresses personal evaluation made from an individual or a specific point of view or situation (Gove, 1971: 2530). To say another way, it refers to a personal evaluation like good, bad, poor, rich, etc. (Dixon, 1982:15). In the story, the occurrence of this particular category of adjective is quite significant. Totally, there are 29 adjectives (14.42 %) that can be classified into this category of adjective. The list of this kind of descriptive adjective can be illustrated in the table below: Table 2.g. Value No Phrase/Sentence Contained Adjectives Total 75 His fine, sharp profile 1 79 The people were rich 1 79 Important role 1 80 The best of the world’s goods 1 81 Good friends 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
83 They’re finer 1 88 Poor Michael 1 91 An expensive enough place 1 85 For being so rich 1 76 A fine morning 1 81 A good friend 1 81 It is so nice 1 81 He is fine 1 85 He felt rich 1 86 He’d better go out 1 89 A good sleep 1 93 It’s amazing 1 80 The most appreciable 1 82 An artificial one 1 91 The very fine old lady 1 78 Too bad 1 86 He was soft, well 1 81 He was right 1 83 You’re right 1 86 Bad news 1 88 They may be important 1 89 It’s better 1 92 It must be true 1 93 This was best 1 Total 29 Essentially, it is not really difficult to recognise the distinguishable characteristic of this particular kind of adjective. As Dixon clearly stated, most of the adjectives referring to the hyponyms of good and bad like excellent, fine (p. 75), well (p. 86), right (p. 83) etc can be classified into the descriptive adjective of value (Dixon, 1982: 15).These adjectives are randomly distributed in the story and can be easily observed in a passage or sentences representing the writer’s personal feeling or point of view. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
B. The Use of Descriptive Adjective in "The Bridal Party” This part of the analysis is intended to examine the use of descriptive adjectives in " The Bridal Party ". As it already discussed in the previous part, the data analysis show that totally, there are 201 descriptive adjectives used in the story. Descriptive adjective as its name implies, is used to describe or express any idea, kind, or condition of the nouns it modifies. Furthermore, referring to the categories proposed by Dixon, it is found that there are seven categories of descriptive adjectives employed in the story. They are the descriptive adjectives dimension, physical property, human propensity, colour, age, speed, and value. Now, in this section, I will try to examine the use of these categories of descriptive adjectives in the story, 1. Dimension In writing "The Bridal Party", Fitzgerald has greatly benefited from the resourcefulness of adjectives variations in English. In particular, in literary writing, adjectives can be richly elaborated to make the description of the noun clearer. Accordingly, the application of dimension adjectives could be the one way to suit the purpose. In specific, dimension adjectives specify the measurement of length, width or height of a being or lifeless things (Hornby, 1974:241). In other words, they characterize the particular aspect of the proportion of an object, person, or any living being or lifeless thing. For a further illustration, the application of this kind of adjective can be examined in the following passage: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The glasses were filled and emptied faster now, and men were shouting at one another across the narrow table. Against the hall, a group of ushers was being photographed and the flash light surged through the room in a stiffing cloud. (Fitzgerald, 1963: 85). Fitzgerald intentionally chooses the dimension adjective narrow to make the description of the Ritz bar’s furniture more realistic or concrete. It verifies the specific proportion of the noun table. Using noun modifier narrow, it will be easier for the reader to imagine or to define what kind of table it is. The omission of the adjective narrow , consequently, will reduce the effectiveness of the description of the object depicted (table). In other words, there is no specific reference about the size or the proportion of the object described. Simply, there is nothing to say about the particular characteristic of the Ritz bar ‘s table. Therefore, in this case, the application of dimension adjective narrow is undeniably significant and purposeful. Also, the dimension adjectives can make the visualization of the object described clearer. Furthermore, there is something particular about the style Fitzgerald employs in the story. To make the description of the nouns in story be clear and realistic, he chooses descriptive adjectives dimension that are familiar to his readers like long (p. 78), tall (p. 79), thin (p. 81), etc. it is aimed that by selecting descriptive adjectives dimension that are familiar to the readers, they can grasp his idea in a simpler and easier way. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2. Physical Property In composing "The Bridal Party", Fitzgerald can also make the description of the noun another way, by the proper use of physical property adjectives. It is assumed that the application of one kind of adjective alone is not sufficient in explaining all objects, characters, settings, and events found in the story. Thus, he may select these particular type of adjectives to refer to the structure and shape of something that can be touched, smell, heard, tasted, and seen using our sensory perceptions (Guth, 1969: 72). Let us see how this particular category of adjectives is creatively employed in the work: Hamilton Rutherford blinked and his mouth felt ajar, then slowly the lips came together in a straight line and he said in a crisp voice. (Fitzgerald, 1983:86). Michael tells Hamilton that an American girl is waiting for him in the Ritz bar’s hall. Michael warns Hamilton that the girl seems to make a trouble with him. Then, Hamilton asks Michael to call the bar man to keep the girl right there. In the passage, the physical property adjective ajar (slightly open) is chosen to depict Hamilton’s mouth expression. It suggests his surprised feeling or expression when he heard that shocking news. Correspondingly, the word crisp (hard and dry) voice may suggest the similar feeling. Hence, the physical property adjectives ajar and crisp respectively suggest the sense that appeal to our visual and auditory perceptions. Selecting such adjectives, Fitzgerald may generate the reader’s response to experience what is running inside Hamilton’s mind and heart, imaginatively. Also, the appropriate application of the physical PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
property adjectives will make the character’s action more dramatic and be alive in the readers’ imagination. It is true then, by selecting the most appropriate physical property adjectives that may appeal to the reader’s imagination, Fitzgerald has been successfully created the sense of intimacy to his readers. To this extent, the readers are intrigued to be imaginatively involved in the fictional world he has created. Employing adjectives that appealed to the reader’s sensory perceptions, the reader may experience the character’s feeling and action. In addition, he can also make his reader to visualize objects, people, settings, and events in the story imaginatively. 3. Human Propensity The greatest number of descriptive adjectives used in the story is found in the human propensity descriptive adjectives category. Totally, in the story, there are 82 (40.79 %) adjectives that can be classified into this particular category of descriptive adjectives. As its name suggests, this kind of descriptive adjectives is primarily used for the characterization in the story. Accordingly, the characterization in “The Bridal Party” could be made effective by the proper use of human propensity adjectives. The application of this particular kind of adjectives could help him in portraying his characters interestingly and lively. To make this point clear, let us now take a closer look to the following example: Caroline’s tired and upset. But she has what she wants, and that’s the main thing. ( Fitzgerald , 1963: 84). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
From the above passage, it can be seen that to make Caroline’s description more interesting and alive Fitzgerald chooses the human propensity adjective tired and upset to suit his purpose. Specifically, these adjectives are chosen to reveal Caroline’s feelings. Fitzgerald knows that there is something interesting about the character’s feelings or emotions. Because, there is nothing can stir the readers emotions the way people can (Guth, 1969: 74). It is relevant to what White rightly states that the best way to involve the readers’ emotions quickly is by making a dynamic and dramatic characters using vivid language (White, 1985: 74). Applying this particular type of adjective, Fitzgerald can effectively capture the characters’ feelings or emotions along with their personal traits or tendencies. 4. Colour In The Bridal Party”, descriptive adjectives are not merely used to convey specific information about the nouns they modify. They also bring to the readers’ minds sounds, textures, smells, flavours, and sights through description (Guth, 1069: 72). Accordingly, it is impossible for Fitzgerald to describe anything in the story without appealing at last one of the five senses. Correspondingly, the data analysis shows that the sense most predominantly used is the sense of sight. The distribution of the descriptive adjectives relating to the sense of sight is more than a half of the total adjectives referring to the senses. For this respect, the one way to make the description Fitzgerald employs in the story more appealing to the readers’ sense of sight, the application of descriptive adjectives denoting colour is undeniably significant. In particular, the descriptive adjectives denoting colour can be used to increase the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
effectiveness of the description of the nouns they modify. The example of the application of this category of descriptive adjectives can be examined in the following passage: She was lovely in a dress of thin ethereal blue, and the proximity of her crackly yellow hair, of her cool and tender grey eyes. (Fitzgerald, 1963: 81). In the passage, the descriptive adjectives denoting colour yellow and grey are chosen to describe Caroline’s hair and eyes. Fitzgerald selects this kind of adjectives to suggest a sort of visual sensation to enable his readers distinguishing objects or thins by referring to the colours they have. As its name implies, the descriptive adjective denoting colour specify the aspect of the appearance of objects and light sources that may be described and specified in terms derivable wholly from one’s perception (Gove, 1981: 447). To put the point another way, it suggests a sort of visual sensation or perception that enables one to distinguish objects or things by referring to the colours they posses. Thus, from the above passage, it is possible then for the readers to distinguish Caroline’s distinctive appearance, with other characters in the story. Using this particular type of adjective, Fitzgerald has been able to encourage his reader to visualize Caroline’s appearance with great clarity. 5. Age The most recognizable function of the descriptive adjective denoting age in the story is that this particular kind of adjectives can be effectively used to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
contrast the characters or objects found in the story. Specifically, Fitzgerald applies this kind of descriptive adjective to provide the readers information about the length of time during which a person or an object has lived, occurred, or existed. The data analysis shows that the descriptive adjective denoting age that are most predominantly used are new, old, and young. For a further illustration, let us consider the following passage: Michael was surprised to find what a difference his new dinner coat, his new silk hat, his new proud linen made in his estimate of himself. Now, let us consider the second passage: Michael glanced nervously as four people came in,. He felt that his dinner coat was old and shiny, he had ordered a new one this morning. The first passage depicts Michael’s feeling as he recognizes his new appearance. He has now be able to buy himself a better clothes to wear. Michael is now no longer a poor man with a shabby, old and shiny dinner coat (passage 2). By the inheritance he got from his grandmother, he is now be able to afford a new dinner coat, a new silk hat, and a new proud linen. Specifically, the descriptive adjective denoting age can be used to make the distinction about the state, kind, condition, of the characters and objects in the story be more clear. 6. Speed In "The Bridal Party", Fitzgerald’s primary job is to convince his readers that the events he recounts in the story area really happened, or to persuade them PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
that the events might have happened. Accordingly, to suit the purpose, the application of descriptive adjective denoting speed is undeniably significant to help him describing his characters’ gestures, movements, and actions. Michael needed a drink. He couldn’t face the reception line without a drink. He asked for the bar. But. How did it happen? The bar was full. By and by Michael joined the long, slow drift of the receiving line. (Fitzgerald, 1963: 91). The above passage illustrates the situation in the Georges-Cinq bar that was crowded by men and women from the wedding ceremony, all needing a drink. To depict such situation, Fitzgerald rightly chooses the descriptive adjective denoting speed slow to enable his readers to imagine the crowd of the receiving line in the bar. The crowd is effectively illustrated by the slow movement of the receiving line. In this respect, the readers are persuaded to believe that the event in the Georges-Cinq bar is really happened. In the story, Fitzgerald applies this category of descriptive adjective particularly to describe the gestures, movements, and the actions of the characters or any objects he recounts in the story. Specifically, these adjectives may be elaborately used to give the readers information about the rate of something at which it moves, travels, happens, or done (Sinclair, 2001: 769). 7. Value "The Bridal Party", like other genres of imaginary works, is primarily written in a coloured (literary) language. Naturally, the language employed in this PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
short story is by then different with those used in non-literary writing. In composing his work, Fitzgerald has more freedom in cultivating his blessing gift for language. He may chooses to write subjectively (unaffected by outside factors) using coloured (literary) language, rather than to write objectively ( not influenced by personal feelings), using plain language. For this respect, Fitzgerald may creatively apply the descriptive adjective value to express his subjective or personal evaluation, comment, judgement, or opinion about the characters he recounts in the story. Specifically, he may select some adjectives like good, bad, fine, excellent, poor, rich , etc. to suit the purpose. The application of this particular kind of descriptive adjective can be examine in the following passage: I could kill him without a qualm, ‘ he said pleasantly, ‘but he looks like a good man. He’s fine, what I want to know is, what happens to people like me who aren’t be able to forget? (Fitzgerald, 1963: 81). This passage tells about Caroline’s decision to marry Hamilton Rutherford and refusing Michael’s request to reconcile their relationship. However, to avoid any undesirable reaction resulted by the marriage, Caroline asks Michael and Hamilton to like each other. Naturally, the idea seems so silly to Michael, as he hates Rutherford very much of taking the girl he loves from him. To describe what is running inside Michael’s mind, Fitzgerald chooses the descriptive adjective value good and fine to express his personal evaluation or comment on Rutherford. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
However, Michael’s personal opinion on Rutherford’s characters is not necessarily implies Rutherford’s true personality. In other words, he might not as good and as nice as Michael says, because everybody might have different opinion or point of view on Rutherford’s personality. So to speak, Michael’s what Michael says about Rutherford is more personal rather than objective. In the imaginary writing, the writer has more freedom to elaborate a subjective evaluation on the characters or objects he creates in his fictional world. Accordingly, a descriptive adjective value can be richly cultivated to express an evaluation made from an individual or a special point of view or in an individual or special situation (Gove, 1981: 2530). C. Fitzgerald’s Style According to Peter Verdonk, essentially, the main purpose of the study of style is to find the writer’s underlying reasons in selecting a certain linguistic feature to achieve a particular effects in the writing (Verdonk, 2002: xiii). Accordingly this section will seek to examine Fitzgerald ‘s intentions of applying descriptive adjective in his writing, especially in concern with the particular effects it may suggest on the work. "The Bridal Party", like most of Fitzgerald ’s works, is the real evidence of the maturity of his literary sense. In the story, his distinctive style in presenting his work is visible. He gives to his work the quality that distinguishes it from the works of other good writers, that is, the sense of intimacy he creates to his readers. In achieving such intimacy, he realizes it by applying language that may PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
effectively communicate his contented ideas and feelings clearly, directly, and be appealing to his readers’ senses and imaginations. In short, Fitzgerald knows well how to cultivate his blessing gift for language by utilizing the seven categories of descriptive adjective we previously discussed to suggest a particular effects on his writing. The application of descriptive adjective in "The Bridal Party" has made the description Fitzgerald creates in the story be more clear, specific, and appealing in the readers’ minds. To suit this purpose, he selects the most appropriate an precise descriptive adjective to help his readers to respond his work as exactly as possible, to make the events, settings, scenes, and characters come alive in the reader’s imaginations. In composing his works, Fitzgerald is truly aware that the precise and suggestive description is the live blood of his literary style. He skilfully cultivates the resourcefulness of the descriptive adjective categories, chooses the most appropriate expression that may appeal to his readers’ senses and imaginations. It is shown , for example, by the use of descriptive adjective relating to the senses (physical property), human’s tendencies and feelings (human propensity), and personal evaluation (value) he occasionally uses in the story. Applying those adjectives, Fitzgerald has been able to make his readers believes that what is said to be happening is really happening. It is relevant to what Teitelbaum says that a good work, if it is truly effective, enables it readers to respond the ideas and experiences it recounts in their minds, thus enhances their delight at the subject at hand (Teitelbaum, 1995: 95). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Through "The Bridal Party", Fitzgerald has proven the recognizable quality of his prose style. For instance, he has been able to make the character’s description in the story come alive and interesting. It is shown by the interesting fact that the greatest number of descriptive adjective he employs in the story is found in the human propensity descriptive adjective. The occurrence of this particular kind of descriptive adjective is nearly a half or 40.79 % (see table 1) of the total descriptive adjective used in the story. The use of the wide range of these particular type of descriptive adjectives indicates that Fitzgerald has a great concern about the characterization in his story. In writing "The Bridal Party", Fitzgerald is truly aware that through character’s description he can involve his reader’s emotion and responses quickly and directly. It is relevant to what Guth stated that there is something truly interesting about capturing someone’s characters in words (Guth, 1969: 79). It can be seen when Fitzgerald describes Hamilton, Caroline’s fiancé: Previews of Hamilton Rutherford flashed before his eyes-a quick series of pictures, sentences…not handsome like Michael, but vitally attractive, confident, authoritative, just the right height over Caroline there-Michael has always been too short for Caroline when they danced (Fitzgerald , 1963: 76-77). At this point, Fitzgerald ‘s effort to build the sense of intimacy to his readers is observable. He selects descriptive adjectives that can help him presenting the characters he creates in the story clearly and interestingly. He knows that the clear and interesting character description will increase his reader’s pleasure in reading the subject at hand. In short, he understands how to delight his PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
readers’ feelings and how to persuade them to be personally involved with the characters he creates in the story. Fitzgerald knows that the character description is one of the most interesting part of the story. Again, the application of descriptive adjectives in "The Bridal Party" is truly significant. They are really beneficial for Fitzgerald to increase the effectiveness of the style he employs in his works. Applying precise and suggestive descriptive adjectives, he has been able to involve his readers’ emotions, to stir their feelings, and also to entertain them. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION The result of the study of the use of descriptive adjectives in Fitzgerald’s “The Bridal Party” could be briefly summarized in the following part. As the answer for the first problem, it is found that there are seven categories of descriptive adjectives used in the story. The seven categories of descriptive adjectives Fitzgerald employs in the story are the descriptive adjectives dimension, physical property, human propensity, colour, age, speed, and value. Having collected, classified, and counted all the descriptive adjectives applied in the short story, it is found that the most frequently used of descriptive adjectives in the story is found in the human propensity descriptive adjectives category (see table 1). The occurrence of this kind of adjective is almost a half (40.79 %) of the total descriptive adjectives used in the story. Fitzgerald frequently uses this type of adjective especially to make the characterization or the character sketch in the story be more interesting. As the answer for the second problem, it is found that there ere six categories of descriptive adjectives in the story. Firstly, they make the characterization in the story be more alive and interesting. Secondly, they give a clear and specific information about the characters and objects described in the text. Next, they suggest a various sensory senses perceptible to the readers’ sensory perceptions. In the forth place, they can be effectively used to contrast or differentiate objects or characters Fitzgerald creates in the story. Fifth, they make PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the events in the story be more convincing and realistic. Lastly, they can also be used to express the writer’s personal or subjective evaluation, comment, opinion or judgment about the characters or objects he creates in his imaginary world. In relation with the stylistic sense the descriptive adjectives may contribute to the text, the application of descriptive adjectives in the story can help Fitzgerald to create a sense of intimacy to his readers. They help the writer to communicate his contented ideas and feelings clearly, directly, and be appealing to his readers’ senses and imaginations, thus enhance their pleasure at the subject at hand. As the answer for the third problem, it can be concluded that the style of Fitzgerald’s writing is clear and suggestive. Fitzgerald selects the descriptive adjectives that may effectively specify or describe the characters or objects he creates in the story. He also applies descriptive adjectives that may suggest various senses or responses to his readers minds, imaginations or feelings. The clear and suggestive descriptive adjectives can increase the readers’ pleasures in reading the imaginary world he recounts in his short story. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abcardian , Richard, Marvin Klotz, and Peter Richardson. Literature. New York: Pearson Education Inc., 1998. Burton, S .G . The Criticism of Poetry. London: Longman, 1974. Gove, Philip B. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. Chicago, 1981. Guralnik, David B. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1975. Cunningham, J.V. The Problem of Style. New York: Fawchett Publication Inc., 1996 Curme, George O. English Grammar. New York: Barques&Nobble, 1966. Dixon, R.M.W. Where Have All the Adjectives Gone? Berlin: Mouton Publishers, 1982. Emolyn. Descriptive English Grammar. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1950. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Middlesex: Penguin Book, 1963. p.75-94. Guth, Hans P. Words and Ideas. California: Wadsworth Publishing Inc., 1969. Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Leech, Geoffrey and M.H. Short. Style in Fiction. London: Longman Group Limited, 1981. Leech, Geoffrey. A Communicative Grammar of English. London: Longman Group Limited, 1979. Mick, Frederick C. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Massachusetts: Merriam Webster Inc., 1993. Mizener, Arthur. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ernglewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc., 1963. Perosa, Sergio. The Art of Scott Fitzgerald. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 1965. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Quirk, Randolph and Sydney Greenbaum. A University Grammar of English. London: Longman Group Ltd., 1976. Richards, Jack. Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Longman Group Limited, 1985. Short, Mick H. Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays, and Prose. London: Longman, 1996. Simon and Meyers, The Longman Dictionary of Poetic Terms. New York: Longman Group Limited, 1989. Simpson, Paul. Stylistics. London: Routledge, 2004. Sinclair, John. Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Glassglow: Harper Collins Publisher, 2001. Stott, Rebecca. Writing With Style. London: Pearson Education Limited, 2001. Teitelbaum, Harry. How to Write Book Reports. New York: Macmillan General Reference, 1995. Verdonk, Peter. Stylistics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. White, Fred D. The Writer’s Art. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1986. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Appendix 1 Table 1 The List of Descriptive Adjectives Used in "The Bridal Party". Phrase/Sentence Containing Adjectives Number Usual insincere note 2 Double shock 1 Imminent marriage 1 Michael was afraid 1 His stomach felt hollow 1 His fine, sharp profile 2 His pleasant buoyancy 1 To be very dirty 1 He would never be happier 1 Her young heart 1 Something pathetic futile shabby 3 Popular song 1 A faithful heart 1 A fine morning 1 Husky laughter 1 A quick series of pictures 1 Not handsome like Michael 1 Vitally attractive, confident, authoritative 3 Had always been so short 1 You to be sure 1 A little counter 1 You are an awful 1 His profound woundedness 1 Vivid years 1 Intolerable memories 1 A happy time 1 Her cheeks so cold 1 But warm just underneath the surface 1 A little shabby 1 Too bad 1 His misery was deeper 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Long caravan 1 You have been stronger 1 How sad I am 1 The little salon 1 A tall lean man 1 A gay time 1 That crazy time 1 Young people 1 I’m proud 1 The dinner coat was old and shiny 2 The new one 1 The people were rich 1 A dark lovely girl 2 Two confident men 1 Important role 1 She was strained and tired 2 The best of the world’s goods 1 A jovial man 1 Old man 1 The smartest young man 2 These people were too weary 1 Gigantic cocktail 1 Less acute of the mistake 1 A gay party 1 Michael was not tired 1 She was lovely 1 A dress of thin ethereal blue 2 Her crackly yellow hair 2 Her cool and tender grey eyes 3 The idea seemed abrupt 1 I’m so happy 1 You’d be so silly 1 Good friends 1 He’s fine 1 A lovely smile 1 It is so nice 1 He was right 1 I feel sorry 1 A bold stroke 1 A short telephone 1 Rutherford would be angry 1 An older man 1 It isn’t so difficult 1 You’re right 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A sensitive woman 1 They’re finer 1 Just about as sensitive as a fire horse 1 They were alone 1 A grey light 1 Caroline’s tired and upset 2 His new dinner coat 1 His new silk hat 1 His new proud linen 2 For being so rich and assured 2 He felt rich and assured himself 2 Too heavy A pretty anxious day 2 The narrow table 1 A curious expression 1 A long way 1 His mouth felt ajar 1 A straight line 1 A crisp voice 1 Bad news 1 He was soft well 2 He was hard enough 1 She was surprised 1 Two blue telegram 1 I’m glad 1 You’re tired 1 That may be important 1 Poor Michael 1 You looked so thin 1 A new suit 1 A new silk hat 1 Suddenly cheerful His new clothes How glad I am 1 His eyes were restless and impatient 2 A sweet wish 1 It seems wiser 1 Too long Michael’s hungry, tragic, unpleading 3 It’s better 1 A good sleep 1 A fine morning 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
He felt rather uncomfortable 1 A clean, new church 2 It seemed unforgivable 1 He felt rather uncomfortable 1 Michael, white and shaky 2 Fat back 1 Thick beams 1 Most intimate of all 1 The tall window 1 Caroline’s lovelier 1 Simply beautiful 1 The very fine old lady 2 An expensive enough place 1 The bright noon 1 New American looking passage 1 The bar was full 1 The whole square block 1 It’s amazing 1 The long, slow drift 2 The most appreciable 1 A lovely wedding 1 A lucky man 1 An artificial one 1 She was ill 1 Old ladies 1 The scene, so poignant, so confusing 2 A familiar charade 1 His misery less acute 1 The empty ballroom 1 You’d be sure 1 It must be true 1 These jovial or sinister groups 2 Caroline, active and excited 2 Very bright and young 2 This was best 1 The profuse stream of champagne 1 The modern fashion 1 A few bewildered but enthusiastic Europeans 2 Polite group 1 Michael felt very considerate and proud 2 It’s amazing 1 That young man 1 Generous and fresh and free 3 Nervous as a ticker tape 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Very bright and young 2 Her white billowing dress 2 Total 201 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Appendix 2 SUMMARY OF “THE BRIDAL PARTY” It was double shock to Michael to receive the wedding invitation letter from the girl who once to be his girlfriend, Caroline. From the bottom of his heart Michael could never be able to forget his past love for her, and keep struggling to reconcile their relationship. However, in the other side, Caroline had lost faith, because Michael had no money. The fear stayed with him as he found that he would never be happy now, knowing that he would lose her for the rest of his life. When he was introduced to Caroline’s fiancé, Hamilton Rutherford, Michael was in doubt that Caroline would be happy with the marriage. Michael argued that their marriage was not really based on mutual love. A few days before the marriage, Michael called Caroline to arrange a meeting. They met at Caroline’s hotel. Here, Michael asked Caroline to reconsider her plan to marry Hamilton and urged her to come back to him. He thought that he could regain her love by the money he had inherited from his grandmother. But, their conversation was interrupted as Hamilton came. It was a final chance for Caroline to decide whether she would go back to Michael or to marry to Hamilton. Eventually, she decided to forget her past love for Michael and assured herself to live with Hamilton. 20 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Despite of his irritated heart, Michael decided to come to their bridal party. However, seeing that the couple were truly happy with the marriage, eventually, Michael was cured and relieved from his pain. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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