CERAMICS - CHARTING THE FUTURE - Willkommen

ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 3B

CERAMICS -
CHARTING THE FUTURE

Proceedings of the World Ceramics Congress, part of the
8ttf CIMTEC-World Ceramics Congress and Forum on New Materials
Florence, Italy June 28-July 4,1994
PART B
Edited by

P. VINCENZINI

National Research Council, Italy

1CHNA

Faenza 1995

B XIX
ADVANCED TECHNICAL CERAMICS
623
j ^ SCI_ENCE_ 631
639
SECTION Bl - FUNDAMENTALS IN CERAMICS RESEARCH 647
655
Structure, Phase Equilibria, Defect Chemistry, Reaction 663
Kinetics, Diffusion Processes, Grain Growth 671
679
Phase equilibria in the Si-Al-0-N system and the synthesis of ceramic 687
powders by carbothermic reduction of oxides 695
703
A. Jha, C. Davey, S.J. Yoon, A. Chrysanthou and T.S. Tang

Influence of precursor chemistry on the formation of K-|3"-alumina
ceramics and phase relations in the system K?O-MgO-Al 0.

A.P. De Kroon, G.W. Schafer and F. Aldinger

Synthesis of beta silicon carbide by carbothermal reduction -
Thermodynamics and kinetics considerations

V. Kevorkijan and A. Krizman

Preparation and characterisation of CA-ixy/i-sialon materials
J.W.T. van Rutten, H.T. Hintzen, R.A. Terpstra and R. Metselaar

Determination of mineralizing effect of salt addition for boron
carbide reaction on boron carbon system

G. Goller, C. Toy, C.K. Gupta and A. Tekin

Solid solutions in the system PbZrO - K Bi TiO - PbTiO
. Zaremba

Effect of oxygen vacancy concentration on metastabi1ity of zirconia
phases dispersed in alumina matrix

H. Tomaszewski and K. Godwod

Equilibrium state in BN-A1 mixtures: comparison of calculated and
experimental data

E. Benko

Structural characterization of hexagonal Ba. Al Si. 0. phases
synthesized from zeolite precursors

V. Dondur, R. Dimitrijevic, A. Kremenovic, U.B. Mioc, R. Srejic
and M. Tomasevic-Canovic

Structure and properties of the solid solutions in Sn-Sb-Cu-0 system
S. Mihaiu, M. Zaharescu, D. Crisan, N. Dragan and S. Zuca

Application of Born-Mayer potential for excess energy calculation
in oxide crystals of the NaCl type

B. Revzin and J. Pelleg

XX 711
717
Stress-induced phase transformation of (R. La ) Al 0 (R=Y, Ho) 725
M. Shimada and H. Takizawa 733

Sol-gel materials in TiO -Sb 0 system 739
A. Vasilescu, M. Stan, R. Marchidan and R. Popescu 745
753
Ti SiC - A plastic ceramic material 761
R. Pampuch and J. Lis 771
779
2p X-ray absorption of titanium in mullite/zirconia composites 787
M.O. Figueiredo, A. Correia dos Santos, M.F. Melo, F. de Groot 793
and M. Abbate

High temperature behaviour of cerium oxide-zirconium oxide system
in air. A previous simulation of chemical and structural features
of plasma sprayed thermal barriers

A. Rouanet, A. Ferriere, L. Lestrade and G. Peraudeau

Intrinsic fracture energies and high-temperature crack-growth laws
of highly refractory covalent ceramics

G. Pezzotti, T. Nishida and M. Sakai

A study on the diffusion of cobalt atoms in Co. qfiFe 0. ferrites
by means of the variation of grain boundary impedance'

A.R. Ferreira, C.S. Furtado and J.M. Perdigao

Experimental studies of diffusion and thermodiffusion of silver
and chromium into Al 0_

M.J. Buda

The mechanism of chemical reactions during the SiC and Si _N.
deposition in the CVD process

S. Jonas, W.S. Ptak, W. Sadowski and E. Walasek

High temperature interactions between nickel alloys and single
crystal alumina

J. Cihlar, K. Maca and D. Janova

Precipitation and in situ-growth of WB from supersaturated (Ti,W,Cr)B.
solid solutions

I. Mitra, D. Buttner, R. Telle, 0. Babushkin and T. Lindback

Kinetic study and modeling of grain growth in a BaTiO. powder at 850°C
F. Gelebart, M. Pijolat, M. Soustelle and C. Magnier

XXI

SECTION B2 - MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

Fatigue, Creep, Plasticity, Toughness, Elasticity, Strength,
Thermal Stresses, Thermal Conduction

Microstructural mechanisms of cyclic fatigue-crack propagation in 803
grain-bridging ceramics

C.J. Gilbert, R.H. Dauskardt and R.O. Ritchie

Cyclic and static fatigue measurements in Y-TZP materials 811
J. Chevalier, C. Olagnon, G. Fantozzi and B. Cales 819

Cyclic and static fatigue of gas pressure sintered silicon nitride
at 1000°C

A. Bushby, F. Guiu and M.J. Reece

Crack-wake shielding and small-scale crack-tip yielding as potential 825
mechanisms for improving the delayed-failure resistance of silicon
nitride at elevated temperatures

G. Pezzotti, T. Nishida and M. Sakai

Slow crack growth as a function of relative density for vitreous silica 835
D. Ashkin, R.A. Haber and J.B. Wachtman 843

Creep behaviour of SiC-particle-reinforced glass
C.v. Minden, C. Hedemann and H. Hubner

Microstructural and mechanical effects of zirconia amount in a 851
superplastic alumina matrix

0. Flacher and J.J. Blandin

Thermomechanical properties and creep behaviour of hot pressed 859
aluminium nitride

P. Descamps, D. Libert and F. Cambier

Superplasticity and creep of TZP with glass and platelet additions 867
C.v. Minden, B. Bergmann, C. Wolf and H. Hubner 875

Fracture toughness of advanced ceramics as measured by the surface
crack in flexure method

G.D. Quinn and C.A. Tracy

Microstructure and toughness correlation in silicon nitride ceramics 883
H.-J. Kleebe, S. Unger, E. Meissner and G. Ziegler 891

Indentation cracking of ceramics surface subjected to atmospheres of
H O , CO and NH at high temperatures

Z.M. Librantf M. Boniecki and. W.M. Recko

XXII 899
907
Enhanced performance of Y-TZP materials through compositional 915
zoning on a nano-scale 923
929
S. Lawson, G.P. Dransfield, A.G. Jones, P. McColgan and 937
W.M. Rainforth 945
953
Determination of R-curve in alumina based ceramics by indentation 959
technique 967
975
M. Boniecki

High temperature mechanical spectroscopy measurements on silicon
nitride materials

A. Lakki, R. Schaller, G. Bernard-Granger and R. Duclos

Mechanical strength of thermally aged and cycled thin zirconia sheets
J. Kubler, R. Primas and B. Gut

Mechanical behaviour of dense and porous reaction bonded silicon
carbide under uniaxial and biaxial loading: Part 1 - Uniaxial loading

R. Arone, L. Potepun, K. Stiebler and E. Staskewitsch

Mechanical behaviour of dense and porous reaction bonded silicon
carbide under uniaxial and biaxial loading: Part II - Biaxial loading

E. Staskewitsch, K. Stiebler and R. Arone

Dependence of Weibull's modulus on experimental parameters
J.C. Glandus

Mechanical reliability and properties of sintered portland clinker
J.M. Torralba, L.E.G. Cambronero, J.M. Ruiz-Roman and
J.M. Ruiz-Prieto

Thermal shock behaviour of porous alumina: comparison between
theoretical and experimental analyses

F. Mignard, C. Olagnon, M. Saadaoui and G. Fantozzi

Numerical analysis of internal thermal stresses in alumina ceramics
M. Boniecki, T. Niezgoda and W. Szymczyk

Two transient methods for the evaluation of thermal conductivity
and thermal diffusivity of building materials

F. Barberis, R. Berti and P. Morabito

SECTION B3 - EROSION, CORROSION, FRICTION AND WEAR

Corrosion of non-oxide ceramics (Invited Lecture) 985
K.G. Nickel

Oxidation of ZrC single crystals in the temperature range of 500 to 600°C

S.Shimada, M. Nishisako and M. Inagaki 997

XXIII

Burner rig hot-salt corrosion of hot pressed Si N -3wt%Al 0 -8wttY 0

T. Graziani.'D. Baxter and A. Bellosi ..7 T.T 1003
1011
Degradation behaviour of advanced ceramic powders: (I) Superconducting 1019
and tetragonal zirconium oxide 1027
1035
Y. Sakka, T. Uchikoshi and S. Ohno 1047
1055
FTIR and XRD characterization of Si_N. oxidation scale 1065
E. Proverbio, F. Carassiti and G. Favuzzi 1075
1083
Characterisation of thin films formed on silicon nitride based ceramics
in an H S/H 0/H gas mixture at 1350°C

P.K. Datta, H. Chu, M.J. Pomeroy and R. Ramesh

The sliding wear of ceramics (Invited Lecture)
W.M. Rainforth

High temperature wear behaviour of silicon nitride
C. Melandri, M. Gee, G. De Portu and S. Guicciardi

Experimental investigation and fracture mechanical modelling of static
and sliding sphere on plate contact in silicon nitride

M. Rombach

Frictional properties of ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal contacts
T. Dickerson

Low amplitude oscillatory wear of Y-TZP in various environments
A.W.C. Tse, S. Lawson and C. Gill

Surface wear and tribological investigations of silica doped alumina
ceramics

M.L. Ovecoglu and S. Kinikoglu

SECTION B4 - TESTING METHODS 1093
1097
Fracture mechanics evaluation of structural ceramics by bend bar 1105
specimens with sharp notch

T. Nishida and G. Pezzotti

Development and validation of a tensile creep test equipment for
wear components specimens of engineering ceramics

L. Crippa and G. Merckling

Applicability of the diametral compression test for strength
measurements of ceramics

G. Bernauer, U. Soltesz and R. Schafer

XXIV

Fracture behaviour of 2D carbon/carbon composites 1113
V. Kostopoulos, L. vellios, G.C. Christopoulos, E. Martin,
S. Bouyou and Th. Lorriot

Measurement of the residual stresses in alumina/zirconia composites 1125
by piezo-spectroscopy

V. Sergo, D.R. Clarke and W. Pompe

A simplified method to determine K in brittle materials 1133
G. Diaz, P. Kittl and V. Martinez

The monitoring and prediction of the ageing-induced phase transformations 1141
occurring in zirconia ceramics using a microwave dielectric loss
tangent technique

S. Lawson, H.C. Gill, G.P. Dransfield, P.A. Smith, T. Button
and N.McN. Alford

Ultrasonic non destructive evaluation: high resolution techniques 1151
for ceramic materials

E. Biagi, A. Fort, M. Labanti, L. Masotti and L. Ponziani

Comparison of the methods for thermal shock and modelization works 1163
G. Bisson

Determination of impurities in silicon nitride materials 1169
M.-F. Barba and P. Ortega

PRCKESS_ SCIENCE. 1177
1189
SECTION B5 - POWDER SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 1195
1203
Powders of monodispersed simple, composite, and coated particles as
ceramic precursors (Invited Lecture) 1211

E. Matijevic

Soft chemical route to crystalline ferrites
M. Ueda, S. Shimada and M. Inagaki

Thermal two-stage process for preparation of doped LZT ceramic powder
from heterometallic organocomplex compounds

E.. Giinther and U. Maciejewski

Powder synthesis by a sol-gel emulsion process
J. Campaniello, S. Pickering, D. McGarry and K. Schuster

Zircon formation from amorphous spherical ZrSiO particles obtained
by chemical reactions in aerosols

T. Gonzalez-Carreno, P. Tartaj, J. Sanz, C.J. Serna and
M. Ocana

XXV

Synthesis of magnetic materials with small particle size 1221
M.V. Cabanas, J.M. Gonzalez-Calbet and M. Vallet-Regi
1229
Preparation of A1.0 , mullite and cordierite precursor powder by 1237
the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their crystallization 1245
1251
D. Janackovic, V. Jokanovic, L.J. Zivkovic, L.J. 1261
Kostic-Gvozdenovic and D. Uskokovic 1269
1277
Optimization of synthesis parameters of PZT powder through 1283
hydrothermal routes 1291
1301
L. Lemoine, A. Leriche, P. Tronc and B. Thierry 1309

Precipitation of calcium carbonate by carbon dioxide method 1319
J. Peric, M. Vucak and R. Krstulovic 1327

Low sintering PZT-powders by mixed oxide processing
H.-J. Gesemann and A. Schonecker

Synthesis of ceramic nanocomposites in a microwave plasma
D. Vollath and D.V. Szabo

Microstructural engineering through gas phase synthesized Y-TZP
powders

G.P. Dransfield, P.D. Harmsworth, A.G. Jones and P. HcColgan

Production of nanocrystalline Si/C/N powders from the vapour phase
N. Jones and B. Derby

Reduction CVD synthesis of titanium diboride ceramic composite
materials for high temperature applications

A. Jha and S.J. Yoon

Novel routes for the synthesis of materials in the quaternary system
Si-B-C-N and their characterisation

J. Bill, A. Kienzle, M. Sasaki, R. Riedel and F. Aldinger

Synthesis of nanosized silicon nitride powders in RF plasma reactors
J. Szepvolgyi and I. Mohai-Toth

Applications of novel gas phase produced zirconia ceramics
P. McColgan and G.P. Dransfield

Nanometric silica powder synthesis by laser spray pyrolysis of
tetraethoxysi1ane

M. Cauchetier, N. Herlin, E. Musset, M. Luce, H. Roulet, G. Dufour,
A. Gheorghiu and C. Senemaud

Superfine powder by melt quenching
D. Hlilsenberg, 0. Knauf and B. Hamann

XXVI

Formation of (Ba. Pb )TiO by reaction of BaTiO with molten PbCl

Y. Ito, S. SMmadaXand R. Inagaki 7 1335
1341
High porosity preforms and high aspect ratio particles based on A1N 1351
obtained by carbothermal nitridation 1359
1367
J.-P. Disson, L. Motta and R. Bachelard 1375

Processing of |3-sialon from kaolin 1383
F.S. Cinar, J.C.T. van der Heijde, R.A. Terpstra and A. Tekin 1391
1403
Formation of SiC particle and whisker from rice husk 1411
P. Nongluck, N. Makong and L. Chotimongkol 1419
1427
Synthesis of SiC and Si.N. from rice husk
A. Sayginer, N. Kuskonmaz, E. Acma, 0. Addemir and A. Tekin 1435
1443
Alumina-metal nanocermets by mechanosynthesis
D. Osso, 0. Til lenient, G. Le Caer, A. Mocellin and P. Matteazzi

Mechanochemical effects on vermiculite and its influence on the
synthesis of nitrogen ceramics

P.J. Sanchez-Soto, A. Ruiz-Conde, M.A. Aviles, A. Justo and
J.L. Perez-Rodriguez

Sol-gel synthesis and NMR characterization of ceramics (Invited
Lecture)

J. Livage, F. Babonneau, M. Chatry and L. Coury

Al O.-gel structure changes during aging
U. Janosovits, H.-J. Kleebe and G. Ziegler

Vanadia, niobia and tantala doped zirconia
G. Gritzner, C. Puchner, A. Pissenberger and J. Dusza

Correlation between nanostructure and sintering properties of
zirconia powders

G. Cerrato, L. Ferroni, L. Montanaro and C. Morterra

Study of temperature programmed desorption of aluminium nitride
powders by means of mass spectrometry

M. Chen and R. Metselaar

Morphological characterization of oxide ceramic powders obtained
by the polymeric precursors method

C.A. Paskocimas, E.R. Leite, A.C. Antunes, E. Longo and
J.A. Varela

Characterization of ceramic nanoparticles and nanocomposites by
high resolution electron microscopy

D.V. Szabo and D. Vollath

Degradation behaviour of advanced ceramic powders: (II) A1N and TiN XXVII
ultrafine powders 1451
1459
Y. Sakka, T. Uchikoshi, H. Okuyama and S. Ohno 1465
1471
Characterization of TiB powders synthesized by carbothermic method
M. Cirakoglu, C. Toy and A. Tekin

Characterization of sintered alloys in the system CeO -ZrO -Y 0
from pyrolytic powders

L. Podda and F. Ricciardiel lo

Determination of sodium content and particle size distribution in
Turkish Al 0 powders after calcination with A1F

S. Samer, E. Acma, 0. Addemir and A. Tekin

SECTION B6 - POWDER HANDLING AND FORMING PROCESSES 1481
1493
B6.1 - POWDER HANDLING
1501
Synthesis of nanostructured materials by mechanical alloying
(Invited Lecture) 1509
1517
P. Matteazzi, G. Le Caer and A. Mocellin 1525

Zirconia-yttria granules spray dried from water and ethanol slurries
U. Pyda and M.S.J. Gani

A method of preventing powder packing in a powder supply hopper
using a vibrating coil spring and plate

M. Saito and H. Maki

The processing of diatomite with the view to developing low porosity
silica based monoliths

J. Markgraaff, K.V. Earle and S.W. Worster

Surface properties of TiO^. powders
E. Roncari, C. Galassit A. Piancastelli and P. Pinasco

Clean room processing of an alumina ceramic
A.P. Bromley, D.A. Hutson, F.L. Riley and L.S. Tovey

B6.2 - COLLOIDAL PROCESSING 1533
1545
Colloidal processing (Invited Lecture)
Y. Hirata

Powderless processing for the preparation of functional ceramic
fibers and films

D. Sporn, R. Jahn, W. Glaubitt and S. Merklein