DLP Chemistry Form 4 Chapter 1

DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMME

CHEMISTRY
4Form

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Chemistry
Chemical technology
Scientific method
Personal protective
equipment
Safety in the
laboratory
Management of
laboratory accidents

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Development in Chemistry Field and
Its Importance in Daily Life

Based on Figure 1.1, what do you understand about chemistry? Standard

:RZ WKH ÀUHZRUNV Fireworks look attractive At the end of the lesson,
look beautiful! How especially at night. The pupils are able to:
does it produce so attractive colours are caused
many attractive by the mixture of chemicals 1.1.1 State the meaning
colours? LQ WKH ÀUHZRUNV of chemistry

What is 1.1.2 State examples of
chemistry? chemicals commonly
used in daily life

1.1.3 Generate ideas on
the development of
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the contributions of
chemical technology
towards mankind

1.1.4 State examples of
careers related
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Figure 1.1 Fireworks and chemistry

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Chemistry is a field of science that studies the structures, properties, e fg h ip q rs pf t uv
compositions and interactions between matters. Learning of chemistry
is not limited to chemicals found in the laboratory but also substances vh iw ux g py
commonly found in daily life such as salt and soap. Chemistry helps us
to understand matter around us. e word chemistry originated from €  ‚ ƒ„ „ … †‡
the Arabic word ‘al-kimiya’. Carry out Activity 1.2 to study the origin
of the word chemistry and its meaning. ˆ‰ „ ‘ ’“ ” •–

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Safety shower

Is used to wash and clean the
body when a chemical accident
occurs on parts of the body.
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Fume chamber Eyewash

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DBSSZ PVU FYQFSJNFOUT UIBU SFMFBTF the eye when accidents occur
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produce pungent smells.

Fire extinguisher Hand wash

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the laboratory. substances, oil, dirt and
microorganisms from the hands.

Figure 1.10 Safety equipment in the laboratory and their functions

Chemistry

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a scientific investigation. Carry out Activity 1.5 to find out the correct methods of managing and

handling apparatus.

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What do you understand about the storage and disposal How can the Different types of
of chemicals based on the conversation in Figure 1.11? chemicals in the chemicals should
Most chemicals in the laboratory are hazardous. laboratory be stored be stored and
Chemicals should be stored properly so that they do or disposed of? disposed of using
not endanger the user nor cause accidents. erefore, different methods.
chemicals should be stored in their designated places
according to their categories.

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following the correct disposal procedures not only
causes environmental pollution but also destroys the
habitats of flora and fauna and endangers human
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chemicals should be taken seriously by all parties.

Figure 1.11 Storage and disposal
of chemicals

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Storage of Chemicals

Chemicals have specific storage methods according to the types of substances.
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Reactive substances

Reactive metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium are stored
in paraffin oil to prevent reaction with the moisture in the air.

Hydrocarbons and organic solvents Photograph 1.1 Sodium in para n oil

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solvents should be stored in shady areas far from sunlight and
heat source.

Substances that decompose easily

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stored in dark bottles.

Substances with pH<5 and pH>9 Photograph 1.2 Hydrogen peroxide
stored in a dark bottle
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stored in special storage cabinets that are
kept locked.

Heavy metals and toxic substances

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in special labelled containers and kept in a locked
room which is heat free.

Ù Ú ¶Û Ü Ý¶¸ Ü Þ ·¸ Þ´ · ßµ à Ü ·á Photograph 1.3 Cabinet for keeping
corrosive chemicals
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Disposal of Chemicals Brain Teaser

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according to the types of substances.
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Hydrogen peroxide

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added with sodium sulphite for the decomposition process to take place before being poured into
the sink.

Solid wastes

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special containers.

Organic solvents and hydrocarbons Photograph 1.4
A closed container for
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disposing hazardous wastes
volatile and inflammable. is type of wastes cannot be disposed
directly into the sink or the laboratory drain because it would Chemistry
pollute the water source and the environment. Organic solvent
and hydrocarbon wastes should be kept in special containers %GGSVHMRK XS 1EPE]WMER
made of glass or plastic.
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Substances with pH<5 and pH>9
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cause damage to the sink and react with water to release high y
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kept in closed labelled containers during disposal.
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Heavy metals and toxic substances 
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be kept in plastic bags and the solutions be le to evaporate in } }
the fume chamber. en, the bag of heavy metal residue is tied
carefully and is put into the container of heavy metal waste. is “ s u€ y € ~‘ ’ Š€ Žy| € |w €~
type of substances should be discarded and disposed according
to standard procedures. }

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Volatile substances

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and kept away from sun and heat.

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Chemical wastes and apparatus
contaminated by chemicals should
be disposed of into bins or bottles
labelled with the types of wastes.
Then, the waste will be sent to
disposal centres.

Photograph 1.5 Bin and bottle for
chemical waste disposal

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Waste spills continue to occur in laboratories even with safety measures in place. When these
accidents happen, you should act according to the correct procedure as shown below:

1 Inform your teacher or the laboratory assistant about the accident immediately.
2 Prohibit other students from entering the accident site.
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4 Clean the chemical spill.
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in the school laboratory. If the mercury thermometer breaks, a pupil
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in the thermometer is very minimal, it is enough to cause mercury º » »¼ ½¾ ¾ ¿ À » Á ÂÃ ¾
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mercury in certain amount.
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temperature. Mercury vapour t /BVTFB
poisons the air. t $PVHIJOH
t 7PNJUJOH
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spill because it can t $IFTU QBJO
absorb into your body t 4PSF UISPBU
through the skin. t %JċDVMUZ JO CSFBUIJOH
t )FBEBDIF
Figure 1.12 Mercury spill t &ZF JSSJUBUJPO
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1 Inform your teacher or the laboratory assistant about the accident.
2 Make the spill site as the prohibited area.
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If you are exposed to mercury poisoning, you should: Ù Ú ¶Û Ü Ý¶¸ ÜÞ ·¸ â
Stay away from the mercury source to prevent µ ¸ Û Ý ¶¸ à
further exposure to it
Go to the hospital for treatment ð Ü ßå Ú ßñ Þò ¶Ý Ý

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Test 1.3

1. List out three safety steps while in the laboratory.
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(a) Fume chamber
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(c) Laboratory coat
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18

Concept

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solve scientific problems t 4USVDUVSF PG NBUUFS
t Properties of matter
t Composition of matter
t Interaction between matter

meaning safety in the 4BGFUZ FRVJQNFOU
laboratory
4DJFOUJmD meaning
method method accidents Chemical spill
steps of study Chemistry

t Making observations importance Mercury spill Materials
t Making an inference %BJMZ MJGF
t Identifying the problem management
t Making a hypothesis and handling of
t Identifying the variables
t Controlling the variables Apparatus types
t 1MBOOJOH BO FYQFSJNFOU
t Collecting data Careers used in methods t 4PMJE XBTUF
t Interpreting data t 4VCTUBODFT XJUI Q)
t Making a conclusion in the t %JTUJMMBUJPO )0
t Writing a report field of t Titration BOE Q)
Foods t Filtration t Organic solvents 1 23
Medicine t (BT DPMMFDUJPO t )ZESPDBSCPOT
t (BT UFTU t )ZESPHFO QFSPYJEF 4
t Electrolysis t 5PYJD TVCTUBODFT
Cosmetics t )FBUJOH PG TPMJET t )FBWZ NFUBMT 5 6 1 73
t Weighing of solids t 7PMBUJMF TVCTUBODFT
t Reactive substances 0

Pharmaceutical Agriculture 13
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