The Newcomer _ Spring 2021_ Inaugural Issue

The Newcomer

on track with your monthly expenses, including your 6. Pay more than the minimum monthly
outstanding payments. If you discover that your credit payment
card spending has been out of control, don’t add to For debt that cannot be paid off right away, make it a
your credit card debt. Start using cash or your debit habit to pay more than the minimum monthly pay-
card instead. Make sure your monthly budget is realis- ment. If a government loan requires you to pay $150
tic and stick to it. per month, and you currently pay $200 per month, try
4. Cut back on expenses to pay $300 per month (or more). That way, you can
Perhaps you pay for cable TV, drive a car, or have a pay off that loan faster.
monthly phone bill. To lower your expenses, you can 7. Avoid bad debt moving forward
either reduce some costs or eliminate them entirely. Getting a mortgage is fine, and it is considered good
For example, you can cut off your cable, bike or take debt, since a house increases in value over time and has
public transit instead of driving, sell your car for a a relatively low interest rate. It is important, however,
more affordable one, or choose a cheaper phone plan. for you to avoid bad debt moving forward. This in-
Any amount of money that you save from cutting back cludes credit card fees, since credit cards have high in-
on expenses can be put toward paying off your debt. terest rates, and auto loans, since automobiles decrease
5. Make more money in value as soon as you drive them. Avoid payday loans
The more money you have, the easier it will be for you at all costs, as they have incredibly high interest rates
to pay off your debt. You can do so by: and impose penalties for missed payments.
8. Save money for emergencies
￭￭ working extra hours To avoid adding to your debt during a crisis, make sure
￭￭ finding part-time, temporary, or freelance jobs that you have an emergency fund. You can start off by
￭￭ selling or renting items you own putting five to 10 per cent of your monthly pay cheque
￭￭ taking online surveys into a savings account or stash the cash somewhere
￭￭ participating in paid research studies safe. Only use the money in case of an emergency.

thenewcomer.ca 51

Overcoming Challenges

Coping
with stress
in Canada

MARIA MONTEMAYOR

photos courtesy KETUT SUBIYANTO (PEXELS)

52 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

There were probably many times in your life when stress, and point you toward resources in Canada you
you felt stressed. You felt overwhelmed when you can use to help you cope with it.
immigrated to Canada. You felt stressed when you
weren’t able to find work. You felt stressed when you lost Signs of stress:
your job. You realized you were stressed when you argued
with a co-worker, family member, or spouse. You felt You may feel:
stressed when you watched the news. ￭￭ Angry, shocked, irritable, frustrated
￭￭ Sad, worried, restless, anxious
Stress can be prevalent during major events (for ￭￭ Unable to focus, organize, or motivate yourself
example, attending a funeral, having a baby, or buying
a house), during minor incidents, and during a You may experience:
pandemic. According to one report: ￭￭ Headaches
￭￭ High blood pressure
￭￭ 33 per cent of Canadians have felt stressed ￭￭ Chest, muscle, or back pain
“regularly” ￭￭ Diarrhea, constipation, indigestion, nausea, or
vomiting
￭￭ 13 per cent of Canadians have felt stressed “all the ￭￭ Issues with irregular or heavy menstrual periods
time” because of the COVID-19 outbreak ￭￭ Loss or increase of appetite
￭￭ Problems with memory or concentration
￭￭ 38 per cent of Canadians have felt stressed only ￭￭ Negative thinking
“occasionally” ￭￭ Loss of energy, interest, and enjoyment in things
you formerly enjoyed
A little bit of stress can be normal and even help
motivate you, but chronic stress—a prolonged feeling What you can do:
of stress as a result of constant exposure to difficult
situations—can negatively harm you physically, Here are things you can do to prevent, alleviate, and
mentally, and emotionally. manage stress.

Many individuals, especially students, may have the 1. Journaling and being organized
misguided belief—defined as “stress culture”—that
they are not working hard if they are not stressed and Write down your daily thoughts and feelings. Figure
that stress equals success. However, stress does not out what makes you feel stressed and what you can do
equal success. In fact, it can reduce your quality of life to solve or manage those issues. Plan a weekly schedule
and increase your health risks. of activities and tasks. Try to finish important tasks
ahead of time.
We’ll take a look at signs that you are overstressed,
provide ways you can prevent, lessen, or manage your

thenewcomer.ca 53

Overcoming Challenges

2. Exercise regularly 5. Meditate or pray

Exercise can clear your mind, help you relax, and Meditation is a way of focusing your thoughts and
improve your strength, stamina, and self-image. attention to relax your mind and body. You can
Endorphins, which are released during exercise, lift meditate by finding a quiet space, getting comfortable,
your mood. Check out this article on tips to overcome closing your eyes, and focusing on a single word,
barriers to physical fitness. phrase, object or your breath. Prayer can also help you
3. Follow a healthy diet relieve stress by strengthening your faith, recognizing
A healthy diet consists of eating lots of fruits, your blessings, and giving you a sense of emotional
vegetables, whole grain foods, plant-based protein support.
foods and drinking water. When you eat a healthy diet,
you ward off the negative effects of stress by boosting 6. Speak to supportive family members or
your immune system and lowering your blood friends
pressure (which helps you avoid heart attacks, strokes,
and other serious health problems). Healthy foods not Supportive family members and friends can talk you
only nourish your body, but they also deliver nutrients through difficult issues, provide feedback or advice,
to your brain, reduce inflammation, and help improve or just be a listening ear if you need a venting session.
your mood. A healthy diet can make you feel at your Speaking to them can help you understand your
best physically and emotionally. For more on this thoughts, feelings, and emotions in a healthy way to
topic, The Newcomer has an article on tips for making reduce stress.
healthy food choices.
3.Sleep well Resources in Canada
Sleep allows more blood to reach the muscles, which
helps your body recover from stress. To sleep better, If you seek further help (counselling, therapy, etc.)
you can create a sleep schedule and avoid electronics, from mental health professionals, you can also contact
alcohol, or caffeine close to your bedtime. a therapist, psychiatrist, or psychologist in Canada.
4. Get some sunlight and fresh air outside Below are links to Canadian resources for programs
Nature has a positive effect on mental health and and professional support for stress.
reduces stress. Spending time outdoors can lower
levels of the stress hormones: cortisol and adrenaline. ￭￭ eMentalhealth.ca
￭￭ Stress Strategies
￭￭ Anxiety Canada
￭￭ FindHelp

•• Phone: 1-888-340-1001
￭￭ Kid’s Help Phone (ages 5 to 29 only)
￭￭ Phone: 1-800-668-6868 or text CONNECT to

686868

54 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

thenewcomer.ca 55



ACtdoajuLnisfateidniagn

Adjusting to Life in Canada

Grocery
shopping 101:
The basics

AMANDA OWUSU

photos courtesy JACK SPARROW (PEXELS)
58 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

Grocery shopping. Something that many hate to affordable grocery store will be your best bet. In
do but can’t live without. Canada, some economical grocery stores include
Grocery shopping can be an annoying chore especially Freshco, Food Basics, NoFrills, Walmart, Save On
when you’re in a new area. However, it does not have Foods and ValuMart. These stores have a small
to be like this! selection of halal, kosher, and vegan products. A label
With a clear plan, many smartphone applications and indicating the type of product can be found in the
new delivery services, grocery shopping in Canada is product’s package. It’s important to note that affordable
now simpler than ever before. stores do not offer as much variety as the more costly
This article is a basic guide to grocery shopping in Canadian grocery stores. You can also buy some
Canada meant to provide you with helpful information grocery products such as bread, snacks, seasoning, and
to make your shopping days easier and cheaper. other dry goods from dollar stores like Dollarama and
Bulk Barn. Keep in mind that Dollarama does not offer
Types of grocery stores: fresh products when planning your shopping trip.
More expensive grocery stores in Canada include
In most of Canada, you have a selection of grocery places like Fortinos, Whole Foods, Loblaws, Sobeys,
stores to choose from. Some grocery stores are pricier The Real Canadian Superstore, Metro, Safeway and
than others; some carry organic or cultural foods, and Longos. These places tend to have higher prices, but
some have better quality produce. There are many carry better quality produce and products. Although
different options, and deciding the type of shopping these places are typically more expensive than other
experience you want to have will help you choose the stores, you can still take advantage of the sales that
best grocery store for you. each store has. At these stores, you can also find a
Grocery stores usually have the same physical layout. wide selection of kosher, vegan, gluten-free and halal
You can always find milk and eggs at the back of the food. Some stores such as Fortinos, Whole Foods, and
grocery store. Fresh fruits and vegetables are usually Longos have dedicated sections to vegan and gluten-
at the end of the store, and frozen foods are at the free products. Longos and Sobeys also usually offer a
other end. In the middle, you can find dried goods and nice selection of kosher and halal products.
canned foods. By knowing the store layout, you can You can also find stores that cater to these individual
save time during your shopping trips and avoid having products by googling “the type of food you’re looking
to go back and forth to find what you need. for” plus “grocery store” plus “the city you’re in” (e.g.
When shopping, it’s also good to “shop in season”. This kosher grocery Thornhill). These stores will carry a
means purchasing fruits and vegetables based on what greater selection of the type of food you’re looking
is growing the most during that season of the year. For for. Unlike Canadian grocery stores that tend to offer
instance, blueberries and rutabaga are cheaper in the only popular products in the kosher, halal, vegan, and
spring. Canadian Living provides a buying guide with gluten-free category, these stores tend to sell more
a detailed list of fruits and vegetables based on their specific product types. Bigger cities usually have more
season. of these stores than smaller cities.
If your focus is on saving money, looking for a more Some of these grocery stores also have loyalty saving
programs that you can sign up for. By signing up for
these programs, you usually earn points depending
on how much you spend. You can usually exchange

thenewcomer.ca 59

Adjusting to Life in Canada

these points for savings and other great perks. Sobeys sometimes at a lower price. At farmer’s markets,
has partnered with American Airlines to allow you to farmers bring their own freshly grown produce to sell
earn airmiles every time you buy a product. You can to the public. Smaller grocery retailers also often buy
also sign up for a PC Optimum card to earn points their products directly from local farmers. The savings
(click here), which you can use to save money on your and selection may not always be the best with these
purchases. Loblaws, NoFrills, Valu-Mart, The Real options. However, shopping with these retailers usually
Canadian Superstore, and many other stores offer this helps out small business owners versus corporations
type of rewards system. like Walmart and Sobeys, which may be important to
Another option is to buy an annual membership you.
pass for a place like Costco. Costco is known for its Due to the diverse nature of Canada’s population,
warehouse and wholesale-style shopping experience many major grocery stores offer cultural food and
that offers members bulk quantities of products at products. While many of these products can be found
extremely discounted prices. For instance, you can get in the “International Foods” aisle, they may not always
hot-dogs for $1.50 and a whole rotisserie chicken for have the best selection or offer the products that
$7.99. Annual memberships start at $60 and provide you are looking for. No need to worry; many major
you with a wide variety of benefits. Although this Canadian cities have cultural food grocery stores
may seem like a more expensive option due to its and shops, where you can get your favorite foods.
upfront membership fee, depending on your situation, For instance, in Mississauga Ont., there is an Asian-
it may also save you more money in the long run. Caribbean supermarket chain named Oceans. You
Your savings may end up adding up to be the same or can find cultural food stores in your area by googling
more than the cost of the membership itself. Costco “the country or culture” + “grocery store” + “city/place
also provides other services, such as optical services, you’re in”. (example: Indian Grocery Store Toronto).
printing services, and gas, which can help you save Most of these stores, except the independent food
even more. retailers and farmers’ markets, offer online flyers where
Alternatively, you can also choose to shop at smaller you can see the discounts and specials of the week for
grocery retailers and farmer’s markets. Here, you the store closest to you. You can use these flyers to help
can often find fresher produce or organic produce, plan your shopping trip and save money. You can easily

60 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

find them by googling the name of the grocery store the bags you use to carry your items home. You can
you’re interested in with the word “flyer” (e.g. “Freshco avoid this fee by bringing bags of your own. You can
flyer”). You can learn more about the different sales buy good bags and totes from any dollar store or even
at each grocery store through flyers or the Flipp App. at the grocery store itself. Or you can also save your
We will talk more about this app and the great deals it plastic bags and bring them with you when you go
offers in more detail in the next section of the article. grocery shopping.

If you prefer online shopping, Amazon also offers Whatever your choice, it’s important to have a goal and
a grocery selection on their website. There, you priorities in mind when selecting your grocery store in
can search for the products you’re looking for and order to make your shopping experience better.
purchase them online to be delivered right to your To save even more money, you should take advantage
home. Amazon has a wide variety of products and of the sales each store has to offer. This way you can
selections, as they are online and can connect you with get what you need from where it is cheapest. This
many different vendors through their website. This might take a bit more time because you’re going to
online store does not, however, offer fresh food at the more than one store, but it just might be worth the
moment, but they carry everything else. They also sell money. Some stores offer price-matching. This means
specialty foods such as kosher, organic, halal, vegan, that they will match the price of other stores if you
gluten-free, vegetarian, GMO-free, and sugar-free show them a flyer from another store with a lower
products. Keep in mind that these products tend to be price. For example, if you’re shopping at NoFrills, and
more expensive through Amazon than if you were to you see a product on sale for cheaper at Walmart, you
get them in-store, unless they are features in a special can bring in the Walmart flyer, which shows that the
sale. Although Amazon is more expensive, the price product in question is advertised at a lower price, and
you pay for delivery to get the products brought to NoFrills will match that price. This is a great way to
your doorstep may be worth it to you, depending on get even more discounted prices when shopping. The
your needs. apps discussed below can further help you with price-
When shopping at physical grocery stores, you have matching.
the option to bring your own plastic bags and totes.
In Canada, many grocery stores charge you extra for

thenewcomer.ca 61

Adjusting to Life in Canada

Three smartphone apps that can help with grocery
shopping:

We live in a society dominated by technology, which luckily for us can help us
shop for groceries. Below are three smartphone apps that can make shopping
easier.
Flipp
Flipp is a great app for saving money and finding deals. It is a smartphone
app that shows you a wide variety of flyers with the specials of that week for
the grocery stores near you. Flipp even provides you with access to special
coupons to help you save while shopping. You can view the specials and
discounts at different stores from your phone and even save these items to
your account, so that you can check them again when it comes time to shop.
This app is free and available on Google Play Store and the App Store.
https://app.flipp.com
Instacart
For whatever reason, sometimes you can’t make it to the store yourself.
When that happens, you can order groceries using this app from almost any
store of your choice and have someone deliver it right to your home. This
app is available in most major cities in Canada. Usually, you do not get your
groceries as soon as you order them, so don’t wait until the last minute if
you need them by a certain time. This app is available on the App Store and
Google Play.
https://www.instacart.com
MealBoard
Mealboard allows you to plan your meals, write your grocery lists, and search
for recipes through a single app. This app can help you save time and money,
as it can allow you to plan your meals and do research using the recipe search.
After having planned your meals and done research, you can make a grocery
list with all the items you want to get. This single app offers many benefits that
can help you in many different ways when it comes to grocery shopping and
meal planning. This app is available on the App Store and Google Play.
http://www.mealboard.com

62 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

Food banks: Food Banks that help people during a time of need.
You just have to connect with one of them. Use Google
Although this article is about grocery shopping, we to search for the closest food bank to you. Call and
must acknowledge that not everyone will always be ask them for more details about how to sign up, and
able to afford food at times. When this occurs, it is someone should be able to help you. Some nationally
important to know how you can access food banks in recognized food banks are: Daily Bread and Food
Canada. Banks Canada. These are just two of the countless food
Most post-secondary institutions in Canada offer food banks that are out there that can assist you.
bank services to their students. If you attend a post- For more information and local services offered to you,
secondary institution in Canada, your school more try googling “food bank” and the name of your city or
than likely has food bank that you can access. Try neighborhood. If this does not work, you can try to
reaching out to your program advisor or a peer mentor connect with one of the two major Community Food
for more information. You can also google the name of Banks mentioned above.
your school plus “food bank,” and some information **Please note that due to COVID-19 health care
regarding how to access it should appear. measures and restrictions, some farmer’s markets
If you’re not a student, you also have options. and small grocery retailers are temporarily closed.
Depending on your area, there are many Community However, many of the major stores are still open.

thenewcomer.ca 63

Adjusting to Life in Canada illustrAatiMonAs LNEDAACLAORINWUSU

64 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

Here in Canada, the government offers free these benefits, you need a health card. You can apply
health care insurance to Canadian residents, for one once you gain residency in Canada.
which cover a wide range of medically necessary Health cards provide access to services that are
services. Each province and territory in Canada has their covered by the government. However, there are
own health insurance plans that allow its residents to different types of health insurance plans that you can
access health services such as hospital and doctor visits. also qualify or sign up for. If you’re a post-secondary
In order to access these services, you need a health card. student, you’ll typically be enrolled in a health plan
This article will explain how you can get a health card and through your school. If you’re an employee, you also
what it covers. usually receive health coverage through your job.
Check with your school and/or job to see if they
What is a health card? provide you with any insurance plans. You can also
sign up for private plans offered by private insurance
Universal health care is the term used to describe firms. You can select the type of coverage you want in
Canada’s health care system. This system gives exchange of a monthly or yearly fee. Some people use
everyone equal access to health care services and private insurance plans offered through private firms,
makes it possible for each province to have their own their employer, or their school to supplement the
health insurance plan. These insurance plans are paid health coverage offered by the government. It’s best to
for by the government with tax money. To access assess your needs to determine what type of plan will
be best for you.

thenewcomer.ca 65

Adjusting to Life in Canada

What’s Included? What’s Not?

Here is a list of some of the services that are covered by your health card.

Included: Not Included:
All medically necessary services (Check your
province/territory’s website for more details on Cosmetic surgery that is not medically necessary
what this means.)
Maternal Care Medical examinations that are required by a third party.
(driver’s Licenses, workplace, etc.)
Prescriptions drugs while in the hospital Dental Care (Many provinces/territories have free dental
Doctor visits with your family doctor, walk in programs for low-income people and families, children,
doctor, or any other General Physician and seniors.)
Vision Care

Visits to the Emergency Room Wheelchairs

Medical tests and surgeries Limb Prostheses
Laboratory and other diagnostic services
In-hospital dental surgeries that are considered Prescription Medication (Some provinces and territories
medically necessary offer free prescription drugs for its residents. For example,
Ontario has free prescriptions for everyone under 25.
Check more with your province to find out if there are
programs that cover prescriptions.)
Podiatry and Chiropractic Services
Ambulance Services in Yukon

66 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

It’s important to note that some of these services may documents are accepted, please visit your province
be partially covered. For example, in Ontario, $7–16 of or territory website using the links at the end of this
each visit to the podiatrist is covered for a total of up article.
to $135 per patient each year, although this is generally How can I apply?
not covered in Canada. This is a general list to give you You need to complete a health card registration form
an idea of the types of services that are covered under in order to start your application process. You can get
these government health insurance plans. You should these forms at doctor’s offices, hospitals, settlement
check with the province and territory you live in for a agencies, or your local government office. You can also
detailed list of what’s exactly covered. get them online by using the links at the end of this
article. Where you live will determine where you access
When should I apply? these forms. The process is different for each province.
Usually, after completing your registration form, you
You should apply for these health care services as then take this form and your identifying documents
soon as you arrive in Canada. You cannot apply for to your local government office or visit your local
these services before you arrive. In provinces such as government website to apply. Some provinces such as
Ontario, New Brunswick, and British Columbia, there British Colombia give you the opportunity to apply
may be a waiting period. This period could be up to online while others like Ontario require you to visit
three months. While you wait, you can purchase a a ServiceOntario Centre to apply in person. Other
private medical insurance plan through providers like provinces like Nova Scotia require you to contact the
Sunlife and Bluecross to protect yourself just in case. government office to access the application form to
begin the process. The process varies by province so
What do I need to apply? double check what the process is for your location by
using the links below.
To apply for these services you will need the following: Are there any costs?:
Applying for and renewing your health card is free.
￭￭ A Complete Registration Form However, if you lose it, you may have to pay a fee
￭￭ Three separate and original documents that prove: for replacement. If it is stolen, you can contact your
local government office to report it and request a
￭￭ You’re a Canadian citizen or permanent resident replacement.
•• Examples: birth certificate, passport,
For more information:
permanent resident card
￭￭ You reside in the province or territory you’re You can visit these websites based on the province or
territory you plan to live in to learn more about how to
applying in apply and replace your health card.
•• Examples: income tax assessment, driver’s

license, photo card, mailed bank statements,
property tax bills
￭￭ Your identity (must include name and signature)
•• Examples: credit card, photo card, driver’s
license, employment ID card, student card
These are just some of the most commonly accepted
forms of ID. For more information about what

thenewcomer.ca 67

Adjusting to Life in Canada

Provinces:
￭￭ Alberta - Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan (AHCIP)
￭￭ British Columbia - Medical Services Plan (MSP)
￭￭ Manitoba - Health, Seniors and Active Living
￭￭ New Brunswick - New Brunswick Medicare
￭￭ Newfoundland and Labrador - Medical Care Plan (MCP)
￭￭ Nova Scotia - Medical Services Insurance (MSI)
￭￭ Ontario - Ontario Health Insurance Program (OHIP)
￭￭ Prince Edward Island - Health PEI
￭￭ Quebec - Québec Health Insurance Plan
￭￭ Saskatchewan = eHealth Saskatchewan

Territories:
￭￭ Northwest Territories - Health and Social Services
￭￭ Nunavut - Nunavut Health Care Plan
￭￭ Yukon - Yukon Health Insurance Plan

68 Spring 2021

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thenewcomer.ca 69

Adjusting to Life in Canada

Gaining Canadian
work experience

MARIA MONTEMAYOR

photo courtesy NEGATIVE SPACE (PEXELS)

Congratulations! You have arrived in Canada as to workshops, seminars, networking events, and
a newcomer, and you are ready to start your job resources that could help you identify and improve
search. Perhaps you have heard from relatives or your transferable skills. You could also qualify for paid
friends about how Canada is a country full of opportunities. training, which includes a work placement.
While you may have received an education and even gained
extensive work experience before immigrating, getting a Upgrade your skills and education
job in Canada comes with its own set of challenges.
While employment agencies may be able to help you
You likely have questions. What do you need to do to find a job in your field, it is not guaranteed. Your
get that first Canadian job? How can you start working skills and experience may be considered outdated,
in your field? Here are some concrete steps you can or your education may not be recognized by certain
take to get your first job in Canada. Canadian professions. You may need to be recertified
or study in Canada depending on your field to
Create a résumé acquire the necessary certifications to work in your
field. Completing a bridging program or having your
The first thing you can do is create or update your international education assessed could help you
résumé. If you already have one, it would still be a transition to working in your field in Canada.
good idea to update it when you come to Canada. A On the other hand, you may also consider working in a
résumé is a one-to-two-page document highlighting different field when you come to Canada. If you attend
your education, work experience, skills, and college in Canada as an immigrant applicant, you may
professional accomplishments, and it is meant to help have to provide supporting documents related to your
you secure an interview. academic history.
To be a college or university student in Canada, you
If you don’t know how to create a résumé you can will also need to provide proof of proficiency in
work with experienced settlement professionals that English, if you studied at an educational institution
offer free newcomer services at local employment where the language of instruction was not English.
agencies. In addition to helping you with your You can have your English language skills evaluated
resume, employment service providers can refer you

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The Newcomer

through the Test of English as a Foreign Language Send cold emails
(TOEFL), the International Testing Learning System
(IELTS), or the Canadian Academic English Language Cold emails are emails sent without prior contact from
(CAEL) test. the recipient. With a cold email, you can pitch your
credentials, experience, skills, and ideas to an employer
Apply for jobs online in a personalized manner. You have to make sure you
are contacting someone within the company you are
It’s OK to be selective about the jobs that you apply for. interested in and who has the power to ask you for
You can choose to apply solely for jobs in Canada that an interview or commission you for a job. Good cold
you are qualified for and have the relevant education, emails show that you have initiative, creativity, and the
experience, and background in. If you find that you ability to work for what you want. From cold emails,
are getting interviews, then you’ll know that your you may be able to get interviews, freelance contracts,
résumé is appealing and employers’ view your skills, or someone to look at your résumé (and possibly hold
background, and education as relevant. onto it for future job openings).

If you are not getting any interviews and the only Volunteer
email responses you get are rejections, you may need
to work on your résumé. Even if the companies that Volunteering is a way to give back to the community,
you worked at are unfamiliar to prospective employers, meet new people, network, and gain valuable job
you must effectively highlight your work achievements. skills. Volunteering may not be your first priority
What measurable goals did you achieve at your former when you come to Canada, but it can lead to paid
companies? Promote yourself and highlight your work opportunities and can include other perks
strengths. like free food, free apparel, and free entrance to an
If you don’t have the time, money, and resources event. You don’t even have to commit a lot of time
to wait for a job offer in your field of interest, it’s to volunteering. You can start with volunteering at
also perfectly reasonable for you to apply for a your place of worship, political group, a school, or at
temporary job. If you are highly educated, you may festivals.
have reservations, but taking on a temporary job that
doesn’t fit with your career trajectory is sometimes Update your references
necessary. Keep in mind that any job can help you
develop useful skills. It’s good to have references from the country you
Many people take on temporary jobs to support immigrated from, but it would be wise to start asking
themselves and their families while still applying for teachers, professors, mentors, colleagues, and fellow
work in their field. They may take on those jobs to help volunteers that you encounter in Canada to be your
pay for their education. Any legitimate job in Canada references. If employers ask for references, you ideally
is valuable if it helps you live more comfortably. If you want to provide them with Canadian references. In
list a temporary job on your résumé, it could show any case, include both the phone numbers and email
employers that you were productive throughout your addresses of all of your references.
time in Canada. Alternatively, listing a temporary Getting a job in Canada is not an easy task, but if you
job on your résumé as your most recent job could put in the effort, you will be able to get meaningful
diminish your previous accomplishments and work experience in Canada.
negatively stand out from your professional work, so
deliberate whether you would like to include it in your
résumé or not.

thenewcomer.ca 71

Adjusting to Life in Canada

A guide to rights and
freedoms in Canada

KATHLEEN CHARLEBOIS

photos courtesy CHELSEY FAUCHER & CLAY BANKS (UNSPLASH)

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What are your rights in Canada? have the right to vote and the right to enter, remain in,
and/or leave Canada.
A right is an entitlement or guarantee of protection The Charter protects your democratic rights, the right
under the law, and it is an important part of a to live and to look for a job anywhere in Canada,
democratic society like Canada. Rights help democracy your legal rights to life, liberty and personal security,
function properly. and your right to equality. The Charter also protects
Examples of legal rights include the right to be English and French as the official languages of Canada
considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of as well as minority language education rights, Canada’s
law, to have a fair and impartial trial if you are charged multicultural heritage, and the rights of Indigenous
with an offence, and not to suffer cruel and unusual people in Canada.
punishment from the state. Human rights include your
right to live free from discrimination and harassment What are equal rights?
based on race, ethnicity, age, or other protected grounds.
Many of your basic rights and freedoms as a Canadian Everyone in Canada is considered equal before and
are set out in the Canadian Charter of Rights and under the law according to the Charter, and you have
Freedoms. the right to equal protection and benefit without
discrimination. You cannot be discriminated against
What is the Charter of Rights and based on your race, national or ethnic origin, colour,
Freedoms? religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability, sexual
orientation, marital status, or citizenship status. Men
According to the Government of Canada website, the and women are equally protected under the Charter.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms “sets out rights
and freedoms that Canadians believe are necessary in a What are freedoms?
free and democratic society.”
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms came into force on The Charter protects your fundamental freedoms, such
April 17, 1982 and is part of the Canadian Constitution as the freedom of conscience and religion (being able
Act. The Constitution is the highest law of Canada and to follow any religion you choose or none at all); the
outlines the rules about how the Canadian state and freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression,
provincial and territorial governments are allowed to including freedom of the press and other forms of
operate. Because the Constitution is the most important communication; the freedom of peaceful assembly, such
law in Canada, all other laws that the government passes as going to a protest to support a cause you believe in;
must be consistent with the Constitution and Charter. and the freedom of association, such as being able to
Anyone living in Canada, whether they are a Canadian join a workers’ union.
citizen, a permanent resident or a newcomer, is These rights and freedoms can be limited in order to
guaranteed the rights and freedoms that are listed in the protect other rights that may be infringed upon or
Charter. However, you need to be a Canadian citizen to violated. For example, freedom of speech does not
protect things like hate speech or child pornography.

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Adjusting to Life in Canada

What are my legal rights? If you are part of any kind of legal proceedings, and
you do not understand or speak the language that
The Charter guarantees all Canadians life, liberty, and the proceedings are in, you have the right to an
personal security, and it requires that governments interpreter to translate for you, no matter what
respect the basic principles of justice whenever they language you speak. The right also applies if you
infringe on those rights. are deaf and need a sign language interpreter.

You have the right to a reasonable expectation of You have the right to not to be denied reasonable bail
personal privacy, which means that you are protected without a good reason. Whether you are found guilty
against an unwarranted search or seizure of your or not guilty, you have the right to not to be tried or
property. Anyone who acts on behalf of a government, punished a second time.
such as police officers, must carry out their duties in a You have the right to not be punished in a cruel
reasonable way. or unusual way. You can’t be tortured, and law
The Charter protects your right to not be taken into enforcement officials can’t use excessive or abusive
police custody or held without a good reason by force against you.
government officials. If a police officer detains you, If you are sentenced, the sentence must match
they must have solid justification based on evidence the seriousness of the offence, so you can’t get an
for doing so. extremely long prison sentence for a minor offence.
If the police ever arrests or detains you, you have the
right to be promptly told why you are being arrested What are my democratic rights?
or detained. You also have the right to contact a
lawyer immediately in order to receive legal advice, If you are a Canadian citizen and over the age of
and the police must tell you that you have this right. 18, the Charter guarantees your right to elect your
If you do not have a lawyer, the police must let you government representatives (such as members of
know about the legal aid services that are available parliament, members of provincial parliament, or
to you. You also have the right to ask a judge if your members of the legislative assembly), to vote in
arrest was lawful. If the arrest was unlawful, elections, and to run for office yourself.
the judge can order your release.
You also have the right to go to trial within a How are these rights and freedoms
reasonable time and not to be forced to testify as a enforced?
witness at your own trial. You have the right to be
presumed innocent until proven guilty in a public If you believe that any of your rights and freedoms,
hearing with an independent tribunal. outlined in the Charter, were violated by any level of
If you are a witness in a trial and have to provide government, you can take your issue to court and ask
evidence in court, your testimony can’t be used against for a remedy. You and your legal representation must
you in another trial or other subsequent proceeding. show that your rights were violated.

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Even if certain rights and freedoms aren’t specifically (such as your workplace) or an individual person, you
outlined in the Charter, it doesn’t necessarily mean can take your case to the Canadian Human Rights
that those rights and freedoms don’t exist and that you Tribunal Canada. The CHRT protects people from
aren’t entitled to them. discrimination. According to the CHRT website,
“all Canadians have the right to equal opportunity,
Action against discrimination fair treatment, and an environment free of
discrimination.” The CHRT is similar to a court of law,
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms only applies to but it isn’t as formal. It also only hears discrimination
governmental authorities, such as the legal and justice cases.
system or government programs, whenever they It is important to understand your rights and
unreasonably intrude on your rights and freedoms. freedoms as a Canadian since they are a vital part of
If you have been discriminated against based on any a free and functioning democracy, and many people
prohibited grounds, such as race, sex, or mental or have fought hard for these rights as we know them
physical disability, by a non-government organization today.

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Adjusting to Life in Canada

Strategies for socializing as an adult
newcomer to Canada

AMY FOURNIER

photo courtesy YOGENDRA SINGH (UNSPLASH)

Making friends as an adult can be quite challenging. As a newcomer, it can be even more difficult to find friends
with whom to spend time without having prior connections. School is a great place to meet people, but don’t be
discouraged if you are no longer a student and are having trouble building relationships. There are still plenty
of ways to meet new people and find where you belong. Here are some simple tips to keep in mind if you are looking to
develop long-lasting friendships in Canada.

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1. There’s an app for that public speaking skills, and better your interactions
A lot of Canadians use apps such as Tinder, Hinge, and relationships with others, according to The
or Bumble when looking for people to date. The Second City, a comedy club located in Toronto. Even
Newcomer has an article on online dating that provides if you aren’t the most outgoing person, you may enjoy
a list of apps you can use to connect with other singles. working with others in a non-professional atmosphere.
However, there are also tons of free apps available to 4. Volunteer
help you find new friends as well. Like some dating Volunteering is an excellent way to give back to the
apps, Bumble BFF allows you to swipe through profiles community and meet other charitable people. There
of people in the area and match with the ones that are many non-profit organizations that are always
are interesting. Many people on the app specify what looking for a helping hand. Volunteer Toronto has
they are looking for on their profile—whether that is a plenty of open positions around the Greater Toronto
fitness friend, someone to grab coffee with, or a person Area.
to go see concerts with. If you match with someone on 5. Don’t be afraid to go out
the app, start a conversation and see where it takes you. of your comfort zone
You have the option to be picky with who you decide
to meet, so feel free to browse your options!

2. Seek out clubs It can be really easy to stick with communities that
There are so many different clubs that exist and cater you know once you arrive in Canada. However, this
to all interests. A great way to explore the range of country is filled with diversity, and there is so much to
clubs in your area is through joining a platform such learn by celebrating different cultures and ethnicities.
as Meetup. This website has different categories such Francisco Campos, a software engineer at CIBC,
as Photography, Book Clubs, Sci-fi and Games, Pets, stressed the importance of expanding your social circle
Fashion and Beauty, Health and Wellness, among as an adult newcomer from Mexico to Canada.
many others. Whether you are interested in rock “When I got here, my family had friends of friends
climbing, playing Dungeons & Dragons, or reading who were also Mexican,” he said. “A lot of Mexican
manga, there are sure to be other people who share immigrants tend to establish relationships among
that hobby. Events are posted under each group, and them mostly because of the language and culture.
you can indicate if you plan to attend. You can also join Some immigrants avoid contact with external cultures
community centre events, library book clubs, and local or even the government due to their status or limited
community organizations to meet people in your area linguistic skills.” Getting out of your comfort zone and
with similar interests. associating with different people gives you the chance
3. Take an improv class to practise your social skills.
Improv (short for improvisation) is a type of There are many resources available in Canada that
performance that requires no pre-planned action, make it possible to connect with a variety of people.
unlike regular performed theatre. Joining an improv It may take some time, but cultivating a network
workshop requires that you work closely with others. of friends as a newcomer is achievable with a bit of
It can boost your self-confidence, help you develop patience and persistence.

thenewcomer.ca 77

Adjusting to Life in Canada

A guide to
your first winter
in Canada

EMMA SIEGEL

photos courtesy FILIP MROZ &
ANDRE FURTADO (UNSPLASH)

When the leaves have fallen off the trees,
the birds have flown south, and you wake up
every morning with a glittery frost on your
lawn, you know one thing for certain: winter is just
around the corner. While Canada is known for its freezing
temperatures and heavy snowfalls, winter is also a big part
of Canadian identity. As long as you’re prepared
and ready, the coldest season of the year can be a lot
of fun; and The Newcomer has created just the guide
to help you along the way.

78 Spring 2021

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Outerwear for everywhere Boots

Before you can go out and enjoy the first snowfall of There’s no feeling worse than walking through the
the year, you’ll need to be dressed for the occasion. snow in a pair of boots that clearly weren’t made for
Jackets the weather. You’ll be left with cold feet, wet socks, and
Jackets are considered to be the most essential piece of a bad mood. A jacket may be the most important piece
clothing you’ll wear over the winter, so it’s important of clothing, but winter boots are a close second.
to pick a good one. Remember, this will be something Like with a good jacket, you’ll want water-resistant
you’ll likely be wearing for six to nine months out of boots to keep the snow and slush from seeping in.
the year. The bottom of the boots need to have good soles, or
There are a few considerations when looking for a treads; otherwise, you’ll be slipping and sliding on the
jacket. First, is it water-resistant? A woolly coat may be snow and ice. If the soles are made of rubber or have
warm and fashionable, but it won’t do you much good grooves throughout (little indents usually in the shape
in a snowstorm—and there are a lot of those across of squiggles, circles, or hexagons), those boots are good
Canada. for winter.
Next, you want to make sure it’s warm enough. Finally, winter boots follow a temperature rating
Temperatures range from -15 °C all the way down to scale with five sections: 5 °C to -10 °C, 0 °C to -20
-40 °C, depending on where you are in the country. °C, -10 °C to -25 °C, -20 °C to -40 °C, and -25 °C and
You’ll want an “insulated jacket,” which is a type of beyond. Choosing the boots you’ll need will depend
coat that will keep you warm in very cold conditions on where you will be. If you’re living in Toronto, for
by trapping in your body heat. example, -10 °C to -25 °C is the best option. But if
you’re in Vancouver, boots ranging in the 5 °C to -10
°C category would suit you better. If you’re living in

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Adjusting to Life in Canada

Vancouver and you are wearing boots made for -25 °C a toboggan). The activity is simple: sit down on the
weather, your feet will start to sweat in the boots. This toboggan at the top of the hill and inch forward until
will leave you with damp, cold feet, so the ratings are gravity does its job and you find yourself speeding
important to follow. down the hill. While constantly climbing up the hill
Hats and gloves can become tiring in all your winter layers, it’s always
No one likes cold ears and frozen fingers, and worth it for the thrill of racing back down again. You’ll
this is where hats and gloves make their entrance. need a pair of snow pants for this (a pair of water-
When looking for a hat, the criteria is pretty simple: resistant, insulated pants), or your pants and legs will
something big enough to cover your ears and be soaked by the end of the first trip down the hill.
forehead that feels thick and warm. And here’s a tip: Skating
many people in Canada call a winter hat a toque No matter where you are in Canada, there will always
(pronounced TOO-CK). be a skating rink close by. Whether it is a frozen lake
As for gloves, it depends on what you’re going to be (when skating on frozen water, check and listen to
doing. If you don’t plan to be outside for long, like all safety measures first) or a man-made rink at a
going grocery shopping or for a quick walk, a pair of local community center, skating is a great activity for
wool, fur lined, or cotton gloves will suit you just fine. people of all ages. Some community centers will rent
If you’re going to be outside for a while, like shovelling skates for you to use, or you can buy a pair at a nearby
snow, a pair of water-resistant, insulated gloves are sporting store. Skating can be a tricky skill to learn
your best option. at first, as you’re balancing on slippery ice with thin
bladed boots, but there are plenty of beginner classes
Let the fun begin to help you along the way. Chances are, you’re going to
fall a lot in the beginning, so make sure you’re wearing
A little cold weather shouldn’t stop you from going a helmet!
outside and having a good time. In fact, some of
the best activities can only be done in cold, snowy Stocking up on supplies
conditions.
Tobogganing You’re all set with your winter clothes and outdoor
activities. Now all you need are a few winter necessities
and you’re ready to take on the season!

Sledding, more commonly called tobogganing, is
a favourite winter pastime for many kids. All you
need for this is a snowy hill and a sled (also called

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The Newcomer

Shovels and ice melt
When the snow and ice storms hit, your walkway,
driveway, and sidewalk will be covered in either fluffy
snow or slippery ice. If snow is your problem, it’s time
to break out your shovel and scoop the snow onto your
lawn. If ice is your problem, you’ll need to spread ice
melt—a gravelly-like material that you can buy in the
hardware or car section of most retail stores that sell
seasonable goods. The ice melt does exactly what it
sounds like: melt the ice and make the pavement less
slippery. If the weather is calling for an ice storm, or
the melting snow is expected to freeze overnight, you
can put down ice melt beforehand and be prepared
for the icy conditions the next morning. While
homeowners are tasked with shovelling and spreading
ice melt outside their homes, apartment renters and
condo owners can leave this job to their building
maintenance staff to do. So instead of being outside on
a cold morning to clear snow off of your driveway, you
can get an extra ten minutes of sleep.
Winter tires and car brushes
Regular car tires, like shoes, slip and slide in snowy
conditions. Snow tires are made out of a softer rubber
that works well in cold weather and have deeper treads
that are designed for a better grip on snow and ice.
You’ll also need to keep a car brush in your car at
all times. Usually, one of its sides is for brushing off
snow and the other side is for scrapping ice. This is an
essential item for your car during the winter months.
Quick tip—if you leave your car outside during a snow
or ice storm, keep the wipers raised so you won’t have
to dig them out later.

thenewcomer.ca 81

Adjusting to Life in Canada

A Newcomer’s guide to The social
aspects of school

RUSSUL SAHIB

photo courtesy CDC (PEXELS)

Starting life at a new school can be stressful for anybody. feel pressured to join the slow dancing if other students
Many students feel frightened when trying to find their are doing so, but it is not a “must.” If a newcomer is
classes or making new friends at lunch. Yet, these uncomfortable or not interested in going to a school
situations become even more difficult when the student is also dance, they can choose to be signed-out of school that
a newcomer. While teachers and school staff assist newcomers afternoon by a parent or guardian.
with the educational aspects of school, newcomers must often
learn the social aspects of school by themselves.

Here are five social aspects of school explained as well as
some strategies to make these parts of school easier for
newcomers.

School Dances

In Canada, school dances usually start in Grade 6 and
continue into the high school years. Typically, dances take
place during the school day, usually after lunch, though
some occur after school too. During school dances,
students dance and talk to other students as well as enjoy
free and tasty snacks. Many people view school dances
as a fun way for students to spend time with each other,
and many students are excited about and enjoy attending
school dances. In fact, school dances can be so popular
that one high school in Nova Scotia held six dances in the
2015 to 2016 school year, one of which was attended by
240 students.

Aside from the fun one may have at school dances, there
are also some parts of dances that may cause students to
feel uncomfortable. Many school dances include at least
one slow, oftentimes romantic dance where a student
asks another student to dance with them. Many students
may not feel comfortable with this type of dance, and
it is OK to politely say “no” if asked to slow dance or to
leave the dancing area completely. Some students may

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Lastly, students may choose not to attend school dances Like many Western countries, Canadian schools also
or be unable to attend. For many newcomers, the idea offer day trips to the museum or science centre, among
of school dances is something brand new or perhaps other places, as well as overnight trips. Overnight trips,
something they are not fully comfortable with. This can usually last for a few days, and they are typically available
be because newcomers may come from countries where for students aged 12 years or older. Overnight trips
dances are not part of the school system. It is important can be a fun way for students to explore new activities
that newcomers’ cultural differences and personal with friends, while also learning new skills. Yet, for
choices are respected, and that they feel encouraged and many newcomer students, overnight trips are not easily
supported to make decisions about their participation in available due to high costs. For example, a camping site
school events. in Ontario, named Camp Kawartha, charges students
Overnight Trips between $135-180 for a two-and-a-half-day overnight
Overnight trips are another reality of Canadian schools. trip, depending on the month. Many newcomer families
may not have this extra money to spend. While they may
receive financial help by explaining their situation to the
school board, this is not always guaranteed.

Adjusting to Life in Canada

Overnight trips are also seen as a chance for students simple sign-up process. School clubs and teams
to feel what it’s like to be away from home and can also be a great place for newcomers to make
be independent. This type of thinking does not new friends and practise their English. Yet, it is
consider many newcomers’ culture. For many, going also important to mention that clubs and teams can
on trips away from home without the rest of the also create feelings of rejection and nervousness if
family is unheard of or an uncomfortable thought. newcomers struggle to speak with other students or
Newcomers may also find overnight trips challenging understand what is happening. Newcomers should
if they are not completely familiar with the English not feel pressured or forced to join clubs and teams,
language and have to rely on camp counsellors for as many students are still becoming familiar with key
any questions or concerns they may have while away parts of school, such as understanding classwork or
from home. Overnight trips can make any student building their language skills. While clubs and teams
feel nervous or even homesick, but these feelings may can provide great chances for newcomer students, it
be even stronger for newcomers who may already feel is important to remind them that they can also join
lonely or who find it difficult to leave their families teams and clubs the following school year when they
behind. feel better prepared to do so.

School Clubs and Teams Group Work

School clubs and sports teams are a great way for Group work is probably one of the most feared
students to get involved in school while making parts of school for any newcomer, but according
friends with similar interests as them. There are to interview responses of newcomer high school
many different types of school clubs, including art students by two researchers in Alberta, the contact
clubs, language clubs, subject-area clubs, homework between newcomers and other students is often
help clubs, and many more! School sports teams can limited to mostly classroom activities. That means
include anything from basketball, volleyball, soccer, that while group work is seen as the “learning” part
and much more. For students who are interested in of school, it is also one of the most social aspects of
these activities, school clubs and teams can be a fun school. Newcomers are expected to speak to their
and rewarding experience. Yet, for many newcomers, classmates, share ideas, and become a part of the
it may be hard to learn about these activities while discussion. For many newcomers, this is a very hard
they are still learning English. A great way for and scary task. It asks newcomers to get out of their
newcomers to find out more about these types of comfort zone and participate in a discussion using a
school activities is by asking a trusted friend, teacher, language that they may not yet be comfortable with.
or even student who may speak their first language. They may fear that their classmates will laugh at
According to the Community Foundations of them or completely ignore their ideas.
Canada, newcomers often face difficulties in joining Instead of expecting newcomers to join group
sports activities due to costs, lack of time, and not discussions and share ideas, it is better to understand
knowing how to register. School teams offer a free how to support them in joining these discussions.
option for newcomers to get involved as well as a For any newcomer trying to participate in group

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The Newcomer

discussions during class, here are two tips! Firstly, if completion of their high school education. Around
a newcomer has difficulty understanding the group the time of the graduation ceremony, high school
work, they can always try to translate the work being students can choose whether or not to attend prom.
discussed and see if they understand it better. If not, Proms typically take place anytime between the end
it is also OK for newcomers not to connect with their of May and mid-June. Prom is usually a themed,
classmates every time. Other students and staff need formal party that includes a fancy dinner, dancing,
to be patient and understanding towards newcomer and professional photography as a fun way to
students, as they may not be able to join every class celebrate the end of one’s high school life.
discussion, and recognize that they are trying their While prom may be a fun way to end a student’s
best to become part of the class community. high school time, it can also be a costly expense for
Secondly, newcomers are especially encouraged to newcomers to even think about. In 2015, a telephone
participate in group work if they feel they are very survey by Visa Canada showed that parents were
talented and confident in a specific skill needed typically willing to spend around $424 on their
for the project. For example, if some group work daughter’s prom outfit and around $278 for their
requires artistic talent and a newcomer happens to son’s. In addition to the outfit costs, parents also have
be an art lover, then it is a good idea for them to to consider additional prom costs. For example, an
participate and show other group members some article by CBC showed how a British Columbia high
art tips and tricks! This is also another great chance school student could buy her prom dress for $350 but
for newcomers to take on a leadership role as well then spend double that amount of money to get her
as bond with their peers by helping them with tasks hair, makeup, shoes, and also pay for a $120 prom
they may not be strong at. entry ticket. Although some schools offer discounted
Graduations and Prom tickets to students who need them, many newcomers
Graduations for students in Canada occur at least may still be unable to afford the costs of prom. This
twice, at the end of Grade 8 and Grade 12. When becomes another part of school that newcomers may
a student finishes Grade 8, families, teachers, and feel left out of.
students gather to celebrate that the students have There are several social aspects of school that are
successfully completed their time in school. After not often explained or discussed, leaving students
the graduation ceremony, some schools offer a no choice but to figure it out on their own. Cultural
graduation party, where students enjoy a fancy differences and the high costs of many of the school
dinner and then dance. It is not required that activities, which are sometimes seen as a “must,”
students attend both the ceremony and the party. can make newcomers feel excluded. Instead, it
The second graduation ceremony happens when is important for teachers, staff, and peers to help
students finish Grade 12. The ceremony is followed newcomers take part in these activities, while still
by a dance called “prom.” Like the Grade 8 ceremony, respecting those who may not feel comfortable doing
the high school ceremony recognizes the students’ so. There is no right and wrong way to be a student in
the Canadian school system.

thenewcomer.ca 85

Suc
in

cceeding
n Canada

Succeeding in Canada

Arts and
culture

events and
venues in
Canada

DELANEY ROMBOUGH

photos by DELANEY ROMBOUGH & PIXABAY

88 Spring 2021

The Newcomer

The arts can teach so much about Canadian culture. end of the summer at the Exhibition Place and lasts
Many of our customs and traditions are influenced 18 days. The CNE is a non-profit organization that
by Indigenous cultures. In addition, Canada was founded in 1879 for the purpose of promoting the
welcomes cultures from all around the world and has a development of industry, agriculture, and the arts. The
thriving arts scene. Our musicians are known worldwide, CNE is Canada’s largest fair and the sixth largest fair
and our country has a big film and television industry. in North America; it attracts about 1.5 million people
There are many arts and culture events that take place every year. At the fair, you’ll find rides and carnival
throughout the year across Canada. You can experience games, buskers and other performers, music, shopping,
Canadian arts and culture through music, dance, theatre, and food. Over the years, the CNE has become an end-
film, festivals, art galleries, and museums. of-summer tradition for many families.

Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)— Toronto Fringe Festival—Toronto
Toronto The annual Toronto Fringe Festival was inspired by
For 12 days during September of every year, actors, the worldwide fringe movement, and it was created in
filmmakers, journalists, and film industry professionals 1989 as a platform for the performing arts community
come to Toronto to celebrate the art of film. The to produce art. Since then, the Toronto Fringe Festival
Toronto International Film Festival, better known as has become the largest theatre festival in Ontario,
TIFF, is one of the most attended film festivals around showcasing 150+ productions at 30+ performing arts
the world. World premieres take place at TIFF, and venues across downtown Toronto. Shows are chosen
hundreds of films are screened at various venues in through a lottery. This means that all applications
the Entertainment District of Toronto. They feature for the festival have an equal chance of earning a
Hollywood blockbusters, international films, short performance slot. The festival takes place in early
films, independent films, and everything in between. July and lasts for approximately 10 days. The Fringe
There’s something for everyone. Over the years, TIFF’s Festival is known for offering lower-priced tickets than
People’s Choice Award, which audience members vote any other arts festival in the city—tickets are just $13
on, has become an indicator of success at other major because they that believe everyone should be able to
awards shows, such as the Academy Awards. Oscar- afford to see theatre. There are also other events and
winning films that have premiered at TIFF include: activities that take place during the festival, including
12 Years a Slave (2013), La La Land (2016), Three special events and shows for kids.
Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Green If you like the Fringe theatre in Toronto, there is also
Book (2018), and Jojo Rabbit (2019). Throughout the the Vancouver Fringe Festival. The festival is produced
rest of the year, TIFF also offers screenings, lectures, annually by the Vancouver Fringe Theatre Society and
discussions, workshops, events, and professional runs for 11 days in September at venues on and around
development opportunities to meet, hear, and learn Granville Island in Vancouver, B.C.
from film industry professionals from Canada and Winterlude—Gatineau, Que., and Ottawa
around the world. Winterlude is an annual winter festival that takes
Canadian National Exhibition (CNE)—Toronto place in Ottawa as well as Gatineau, Que. during
The Canadian National Exhibition, known as The Ex the first three weekends of February every year.
or the CNE, is an annual event that takes place at the

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Succeeding in Canada

It’s a time to celebrate the great Canadian winter. Katy Perry, and Garth Brooks, have performed at
The festival is best known for its skating event, the Stampede in the past.
which takes place on the Rideau Canal. It is 7.8 National Gallery of Canada—Ottawa
kilometres long, and it is the biggest skating rink The National Gallery of Canada is home to the
in the world. At Confederation Park, there is an ice world’s largest collection of Canadian art. The
sculpture competition, an ice lounge, and music Gallery features over 800 pieces of Canadian and
concerts. There are also other activities, events, and Indigenous art, paintings, prints, photos, sculptures,
exhibitions across Ottawa at museums and at the and decorative objects dating from 5,000 years
Byward Market, Sparks Street, Downtown Rideau, ago to 1967. Featured artists include A.Y. Jackson,
and the Glebe. Lawren S. Harris, George T. Berthon, Ruben
Across the river in Gatineau, Jaques-Cartier Park Komangapik, Tim Pitsiulak, and Emily Carr, among
is transformed into Snowflake Kingdom, a massive others. Additionally, there are over 100 pieces
snow park complete with ice slides, snow sculptures, currently on loan from Indigenous artists. There
and other activities for children. There are also are also rotating exhibits that come through the
fun winter racing events that take place in both National Gallery, so there’s always something new
Ottawa and Gatineau. The Gatineau Loppet hosts and exciting.
an internationally recognized cross-country ski National Ballet of Canada—Toronto
race that takes place in Gatineau Park. There are The National Ballet of Canada is one of the top
also snowshoe and fat bike races. There is also a international ballet companies. The company
Winterlude Triathlon, which currently involves an consists of 70 dancers and its own orchestra. It’s
eight-kilometre skate down the Rideau Canal, a five- led by Karen Kain, who was one of the greatest
kilometre run along Colonel By Drive, and a six- ballerinas of her generation. The company is
kilometre ski at Mooney’s Bay Park. known for performing both traditional and
The Calgary Stampede—Calgary contemporary work. The National Ballet performs
The Calgary Stampede is a 10-day celebration of annual fall, winter, and spring seasons including
western hospitality and cowboy culture. Every year, The Nutcracker every Christmas. There are also
one million people come to Calgary to experience other ballet companies across Canada including the
the largest outdoor rodeo, featuring bull riding, Royal Winnipeg Ballet (Winnipeg), Atlantic Ballet
barrel racing, chuckwagon races, and the GMC Theatre of Canada (Moncton, N.B.), Alberta Ballet
Rangeland Derby. There are also agricultural events, (Calgary), Les Grands Ballets Canadiens (Montreal),
Midway rides and games, food, and shopping. Ballet Edmonton (Edmonton), and Ballet Jorgen
Aboriginal ambassadors also share their traditions (Toronto).
such as dancing and singing, and artisans sell
their jewelry and art pieces. There’s something Theatre
for everyone in the family to enjoy. The Calgary
Stampede is one of Canada’s largest music festivals, There are plenty of opportunities to see live
with over 300 performers and five stages. Primarily theatre, no matter where you are in Canada.
country and rock artists perform at this event; Mirvish Productions, based in Toronto, is the
popular artists, including Taylor Swift, Luke Bryan, largest commercial theatre producer in Canada.

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Mirvish currently owns and operates four theatres Music concerts and festivals
in downtown Toronto—the Ed Mirvish Theatre,
the Royal Alexandra, the Princess of Wales, and the There are a lot of opportunities to see your favourite
CAA Theatre. Each year, the Mirvish season features artists perform live. Many popular, globally-known
seven or eight plays and musicals. Oftentimes, artists come to Canada when they are touring.
there is at least one Broadway National Tour on the They usually perform in big cities like Toronto,
schedule. Broadway National Tours often travel to Vancouver, Ottawa, and Calgary. However, artists
larger cities including Ottawa, Calgary, and Toronto, also frequently come to smaller cities and suburbs.
where there are larger, Broadway-sized venues. In Hockey arenas are often used as venues for concerts.
the past, shows like Dear Evan Hansen, Wicked,
Les Miserables, Kinky Boots, Newsies, Matilda, and In addition to concerts, a number of music festivals
Cabaret have played at Canadian venues across the take place in Canada every year. There are festivals
country. all over the country for different types of music,
There are also many regional and local theatres from traditional Celtic to jazz to popular music.
across Canada that put on their own shows each Some of the biggest festivals are:
season. Two of the better-known regional theatres
are The Stratford Festival and the Shaw Festival. ￭￭ Celtic Colours – Cape Breton, N.S.
The Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ont., is known ￭￭ Montreal International Jazz Festival – Montreal
for its Shakespeare productions. The Shaw ￭￭ Sourdough Rendezvous Festival – Whitehorse,
Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., does nine
productions each season and is a combination of Yukon
plays, musicals, new works, and classics. There are ￭￭ Winnipeg Folk Festival – Winnipeg
theatre companies in most major cities and suburbs ￭￭ Osheaga Festival Musique et Arts – Montreal
that regularly stage classic and contemporary work. ￭￭ Ilesonique – Montreal
They also help with the development of new work, ￭￭ Country Thunder Saskatchewan – Craven, Sask.
alongside playwrights and other creatives. ￭￭ North by Northeast – Toronto
￭￭ Ever After – Waterloo, Ont.

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Succeeding in Canada

Oktoberfest—Kitchener, Ont. Sources:

The Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest is an annual nine- ￭￭ https://fringetoronto.com/fringe/about
day festival that begins the Friday before Canadian ￭￭ https://gatineauloppet.com/?lang=en
Thanksgiving. It is based on the German Oktoberfest, ￭￭ https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/
and it is the second-largest Oktoberfest celebration
in the world, bringing more than 700,000 people to campaigns/winterlude/about/over-years.html
the region each year. It celebrates Bavarian culture, ￭￭ https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/
as Kitchener-Waterloo has German roots. Many who
attend enjoy wearing traditional lederhosen. There campaigns/winterlude/about.html
are many beer-based celebrations and other events ￭￭ https://www.calgarystampede.com/sites/default/
throughout the week. One of the major events is
the Oktoberfest parade that is held on Thanksgiving files/welcome_to_the_2019_calgary_stampede.
Monday and is televised throughout Canada.
Hockey Hall of Fame—Toronto pdf
It’s no secret that hockey is a big deal in Canada. The ￭￭ https://www.gallery.ca/whats-on/exhibitions-and-
Hockey Hall of Fame is a sports museum and hall of
fame dedicated to the history of ice hockey. There are galleries/canadian-and-indigenous-art
exhibits about teams, players, National Hockey League ￭￭ https://national.ballet.ca/Meet/About-National-
(NHL) records, artifacts, and trophies, a replica NHL
dressing room, and animated versions of some of the Ballet
greatest players and goalies. The Hockey Hall of Fame ￭￭ https://www.vancouverfringe.com/about-the-
is also home to the coveted Stanley Cup.
fringe/
￭￭ https://theex.com/footer/about-the-cne/history/

learn-more-about-our-history

No matter where you are in Canada, there are a
number of ways to immerse yourself in Canadian
culture. Whether you love film, theatre, music festivals,
or visual art, there is something for everyone to enjoy.

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Succeeding in Canada

Pursuing higher education: A guide to
post-secondary education in Canada

DARA POIZNER

photo courtesy CHRISTINA MORILLO (PEXELS)
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If you have immigrated or plan to immigrate to Canada, A doctorate is the most advanced degree and usually
you may be considering attending a Canadian post- requires three or more years of study and research after
secondary school (i.e., after high school). This article a master’s degree.
provides a broad overview of important aspects to know Some universities also have professional programs like
about post-secondary school in Canada as well as tips and medicine, teaching, and law. In addition to classes,
links you can use to begin your research. people in these programs must take standardized tests
and/or do work placements to graduate with a license
In Canada, the provincial and territorial governments to work in their field.
are responsible for education. Post-secondary
schools recognized by the government can grant Colleges and institutes
degrees, diplomas, certificates, or other qualifications.
Most post-secondary schools have two main study There are several types of colleges and institutes
semesters—September to December and January to formally recognized by the government of Canada.
April—and some also offer some summer courses. (There are also private career colleges, but note that
these programs are not government-regulated.)
In Canada, universities and colleges are the main types Graduating from a college program usually prepares
of post-secondary schools. Universities and colleges students to work in a specific job or field. You can earn
are distinct from each other. They teach different skill different types of qualifications from different college
sets and offer different qualifications depending on programs.
your learning and professional goals.

Universities ￭￭ Apprenticeship training is for workers who want
to learn how to perform a job or trade, through
Universities offer academic programs in many subjects,
and they often focus on developing students’ research a combination of classroom and on-the-job
and critical thinking skills. There are three types of
degrees you can earn from a Canadian university: learning. Apprenticeships usually take four years to
A bachelor’s degree is the first degree you receive in
university. You can earn a general bachelor’s degree complete.
after three years if you study full-time. An honours ￭￭ Certificate programs provide short-term training in
degree (generally a higher standard of education) takes
four years and is usually needed if you want to go to a specialized subject for people who want to find
graduate school.
A master’s degree is for students who already work right away. They can often be done in a year or
completed a bachelor’s degree and want to specialize in
a certain subject. Depending on the program, you can less of full-time study.
typically complete it in about one to two years if you ￭￭ Diploma programs provide more in-depth training
study full-time.
than certificates. They often combine classroom and

on-the-job learning. If done full-time, they usually

take two years.
￭￭ Some colleges have programs for academic

upgrading (for students who need to add to or

improve their academic credentials to get into

a university or college program) and English or

French language training.

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Succeeding in Canada

The province of Quebec has its own distinct system. ￭￭ EduCanada has an online database you can use
“Cégep” (a French acronym for Collège d’enseignement to search for programs. You can search by field
général et professionnel), a general and vocational of study, language of study (English or French),
college, is the first level of post-secondary education type of education, and province or territory of the
in Quebec. Cégeps offer government-approved pre- school.
university and technical training programs which can
earn students a Diploma of College Studies. Most of ￭￭ The Universities Canada directory has links to
these programs are taught in French, but there are a all of its member universities. You may want to
few available in English. attend a university if you are interested in building
People interested in both university and college knowledge, doing research in your area of interest,
learning can look into joint programs. Through these and/or preparing for a future career.
programs, students can earn both a university and
a college credential. For example, Brock University ￭￭ The Colleges & Institutes Canada directory has
and Seneca College in Ontario offer a joint program links to all of its member schools. You may want
for students who want to earn a Bachelor of Arts in to attend a college to gain the skills and training
Political Science and a diploma to become a licensed needed for a specific job or field.
paralegal. If you start in college and want to switch to
university (or the other way around), some schools Every university or college program has its own
allow credit transfer. Transfers work differently admission requirements which you must meet to get
depending on the schools involved. in. Requirements depend on the specific program,
If you want to gain relevant work experience while you but you usually need to submit your marks from
are in school, you can consider co-operative education high school and/or from a previous post-secondary
(known as co-op). Co-op is a study program that program. Certain programs have limited space,
includes paid work periods in a job related to your and applicants usually have to meet more than
field. It may, however, take longer to complete than the minimum requirements (for example, in very
a regular university degree or college diploma. Co- competitive programs, only the applicants with the
operative Education and Work-Integrated Learning highest marks are admitted).
Canada has a directory of schools that offer accredited
co-op programs. International credentials
There are many reasons for people to want to do
their schooling at a slower pace, and not everybody Credentials refer to a newcomer’s academic education
studies full-time. If you need more flexibility, plenty from before they came to Canada. Before attending
of universities and colleges offer part-time and online a Canadian school, credentials usually need to be
learning options. reviewed to determine whether they are recognized by
the school and/or meet school requirements.
Finding and applying to programs
The Canadian Information Centre for International
If you want to attend a post-secondary school Credentials (CICIC) has detailed information about
in Canada, do some research about university or applying to study in Canada with international
college programs that interest you. Here are a few credentials. Each post-secondary school has its own
places to start: process for evaluating previous education—some do
the evaluation themselves, and some use an outside
organization. There are six organizations in Canada
that can do an academic credential assessment.

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Contact the admissions offices of the schools you want The CICIC also has information on how to assess your
to apply to, so that you can learn about their processes. professional qualifications to work in Canada.
Settlement.org suggests asking questions like:
Canada InfoNet, a career guidance centre, offers
￭￭ Will the school do the evaluation, or do I need an online program to help approved immigrating
another organization to do it? professionals, who are arriving in Canada within two
•• If the school does the evaluation, is there a fee? to 12 months, build a career anywhere in the country.
•• If another organization does the evaluation, which Skilled workers can consider joining a professional
organizations can I use? immigrant network (PIN). These networks help their
members find opportunities and prepare to work in
￭￭ Which documents do you need (transcripts, Canada. You can search the PINs Directory to find one
diplomas, letters, etc.)? for your field.
•• Can I give you the documents myself, or does my
former school have to send them to you? Language requirements
•• Can I submit photocopies of the documents?
•• Do the documents need to be translated into English and French are the two official languages of
English? Canada. When you apply to post-secondary schools,
you may need to prove that you can speak either
Admissions processes can take several months, so English or French. According to the Government of
make sure to leave yourself plenty of time to meet the Canada website, these language tests and certificates
application deadlines. are widely accepted:

Programs for trained professionals ￭￭ English:
•• International English Language Testing System
Many newcomers to Canada are internationally (IELTS)
trained professionals who would like to work in •• Canadian English Language Proficiency Index
their field and may consider completing a bridging Program (CELPIP)
program to become certified to work in Canada. •• Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
Bridging programs can provide several services,
including evaluation of skills, previous education, ￭￭ French:
and workplace experience, language training, and/or •• Test d’évaluation de français (TEF)
exam preparation. Below are links to sites that have •• Diplôme d’études en langue française (DELF)
information on employment bridging by province:

￭￭ Alberta: Employment & Training Programs and Ask the schools that you are applying to about which
Services (Alberta Government) specific test to take. The World Education Services
website (WES.org) provides tips to prepare for the
￭￭ British Columbia: Services and programs for IELTS and the CELPIP exams.
newcomers (WelcomeBC)
Financial support
￭￭ Manitoba: Summary of Bridging and Gap Training
Programs in Manitoba for Internationally Educated Students can apply for loans and grants through
provincial and territorial student aid offices to help
Professionals (Manitoba Labour and Immigration) pay for school tuition. The amount of money a student
￭￭ Nova Scotia: Find Employment - Bridging Programs receives is calculated when they apply, and it depends

(Immigrant Services Association of Nova Scotia)
￭￭ Ontario: Work in your profession or trade

(Government of Ontario)

thenewcomer.ca 97

Succeeding in Canada

on a few factors, such as their family income, where your specific questions. There are great programs
they live, and whether they have a permanent of all kinds at Canadian schools—with the right
disability. The Canada Student Loans Program research, you can find one that suits you.
provides financial support to Canadian citizens and
permanent residents through grants and loans. You Resources and further reading
are required to pay back loans over time, but you do
not need to pay back grants. ￭￭ https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-
Many post-secondary schools also offer scholarships refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/
for students, and you can apply for the ones you new-life-canada/enrol-school/post-secondary.
are eligible for. Schools usually award different html#toc0
scholarships based on academic performance or
financial need. ￭￭ https://canadianimmigrant.ca/careers-and-
education/special-guide-on-post-secondary-
Making the most of your options-for-newcomers-part-1
experience
￭￭ https://canadianimmigrant.ca/careers-and-
Post-secondary school can provide you with more education/your-post-secondary-experience-is-
than just an education. If you attend a university much-more-than-a-credential
or college, take the time to explore its services and
extracurricular opportunities. ￭￭ https://www.cegepsquebec.ca/en/cegeps/
Many schools offer different types of services and presentation/what-is-a-cegep/
benefits for students. This might include access
to campus health clinics, free or low-cost gym ￭￭ https://www.cicic.ca/1242/an_overview.
memberships, and public transit passes, among canada
others. Many local services like restaurants, grocery
stores, and retail shops offer discounts to students, ￭￭ https://www.ontariocolleges.ca/en/apply/
too. immigrant-applicants

￭￭ https://settlement.org/ontario/
education/#CUI

Most university and college campuses have clubs
and activities you can join. Participating in an
extracurricular activity is a chance to explore your
interests, meet new people, and have fun. If you are
looking for a job you can do while in school, there
are often part-time jobs on campus. For example,
some students work at a food court or the library.
Getting involved outside of class is a great way to
learn more about yourself and what you enjoy.

There is a lot to consider if you plan to apply to
university or college in Canada as a newcomer. Start
by looking around online and talking to people from
the schools that interest you so that they can answer

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thenewcomer.ca 99

Succeeding in Canada

5 ways to
build your
credit score

A good credit score can be crucial
for newcomers looking to make large
financial investments toward the future.

AMANDA OWUSU

photo courtesy SKITTERPHOTO
AND NEGATIVE SPACE (PEXELS)

100 Spring 2021