01. Information Technology class 9 Code 402_Neat

Be Future Ready
















INFORMATION















CODE - 402
9


Davinder Singh Minhas






This book belongs to:



Name ..........................................................................



Class .................. Section ............... Roll No. ...........


School ..........................................................................








® ®




PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (402)

Class IX


NO. OF HOURS MAX. MARKS for Theory
UNITS for Theory and Practical and Practical
200 100
Employability Skills


Unit 1 : Communication Skills-I 10

Unit 2 : Self-Management Skills-I 10
Part A Unit 3 : ICT Skills-I 10 10



Unit 4 : Entrepreneurial Skills-I 15

Unit 5 : Green Skills-I 05

Total 50 10

Theory Practical Marks
Subject Speci ic Skills
(In Hours) (In Hours)

Unit 1: Introduction to IT-ITeS industry 2 4 4

Unit 2: Data Entry & Keyboarding Skills 4 10 6

Part B Unit 3: Digital Documentation 10 26 10

10
35
Unit 4:Electronic Spreadsheet
18
Unit 5: Digital Presentation 10 31 10
Total 44 106 40

Practical Work

Practical Examination 15
Part C Written Test 10


Viva Voce 10

Total 35


Project Work/Field Visit

Practical File/ Student Portfolio 10
Part D Viva Voce 05



Total 15

Grand Total 200 100

DETAILED CURRICULUM/TOPICS:


Part-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS


Sr. No UNIT UNIT NAME Duration in Hours

1. Unit 1 Communication Skills - I 10

2. Unit 2 Self- Management Skills - I 10

3. Unit 3 Basic Information and Communication Technology Skills-I 15

4. Unit 4 Entrepreneurial Skills- I 05

5. Unit 5 Green Skills - I 10

Total 50


Part-B: SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS



UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO IT–ITeS INDUSTRY

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

1. Appreciate the Ÿ Introduc on to IT and ITeS, BPO Ÿ Iden fy and list the various IT
applica ons of IT services, enabled services, Observe the
Ÿ BPM industry in India, applica on of IT in various areas.
Ÿ Structure of the IT-BPM industry,
Ÿ Applica ons of IT in home
compu ng, everyday life, library,
workplace, educa on,
entertainment, communica on,
business, science and engineering,
banking, insurance, marke ng,
health care, IT in the government
and public service


UNIT 2: DATA ENTRY AND KEYBOARDING SKILLS

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

1. Use keyboard and mouse Ÿ Keyboarding Skills, Ÿ Iden fy the keys and its use on
for data entry Ÿ Types of keys on keyboard, the keyboard,
Numeric keypad, Ÿ Demonstrate to use various keys
Ÿ Home keys, Guide keys, on the keyboard,
Ÿ Typing and dele ng text, Ÿ Demonstrate to type the text,
Ÿ Typing ergonomics, numbers, special character using
Ÿ Posi oning of fingers on the appropriate keys on the keyboard,
keyboard, Alloca on of keys to Ÿ Prac ce the correct typing
fingers on four different rows, ergonomics,
Ÿ Poin ng device – Mouse, Mouse Ÿ Prac ce to place fingers on the
opera ons correct key in four different rows
of the keyboard,
Ÿ Prac ce various mouse opera ons

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

2. Use typing so ware Ÿ Introduc on to Rapid Typing Tutor, Ÿ Iden fy the user interface of
Ÿ Touch typing technique, typing tutor,
Ÿ User interface of Typing Tutor, Ÿ Prac ce to type text in typing
Ÿ Typing text and interpret results, tutor so ware and interpret the
Ÿ Working with lesson editor, results,
Ÿ Calcula ng typing speed, Ÿ Prac ce to work in lesson editor,
Ÿ Typing rhythm Ÿ Calculate the typing speed,
Ÿ Prac ce to improve typing
Ÿ Using typing tutor so ware


UNIT 3: DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

1. Create a document using Ÿ Introduc on to word processing, Ÿ List the available word processing
a word processor Ÿ Word processing applica ons, applica ons
Ÿ Introduc on to Word Processing Ÿ Introduce with the parts of the
tool main window
Ÿ Crea ng a document, Parts of a Ÿ Change document views
Word Processor Window, Cursor and Ÿ Start a new document
mouse pointer Ÿ Open an exis ng document
Ÿ Save a document
Ÿ Close a document
Ÿ Use the Navigator
2. Apply Edi ng features Ÿ Text edi ng – Undo and Redo, Ÿ Type some text in the document
Ÿ Moving and copying text, and edit it,
Ÿ Copy and Paste, Ÿ Demonstrate to use undo and redo
Ÿ Selec ng text, op on,
Ÿ Selec on criteria, Ÿ Use the keyboard and mouse
Ÿ Selec ng non-consecu ve text items, op ons to select, cut, copy, paste,
Ÿ Selec ng a ver cal block of text, and move text.
Ÿ Find and replace op on, Ÿ Demonstrate to select non-
Ÿ Jumping to the page number, consecu ve text items, ver cal
Ÿ Non-prin ng characters, block of text,
Ÿ Checking spelling and grammar, Ÿ Search the word from the text and
Ÿ Using Synonyms and Thesaurus replace it with another word.
Ÿ Jump to the given page number in
a document,
Ÿ Insert non-prin ng characters in a
document,
Ÿ Check spelling and grammar and
apply the changes to the document.
Ÿ Demonstrate to use Synonyms and
Thesaurus
3. Apply forma ng features Ÿ Page style dialog, Ÿ Apply various text forma ng
Ÿ Forma ng text – Removing op ons for the text,
manual forma ng, Ÿ Demonstrate to format paragraphs
Ÿ Common text forma ng, – indent/align paragraphs, assign
Ÿ Changing text case, font colour, highligh ng, and
Ÿ Superscript and Subscript, background colour,
Ÿ Forma ng paragraph – Inden ng Ÿ Assign number or bullets to the
paragraphs, lists items,
Ÿ Aligning paragraphs, Font colour,
highligh ng, and background
colour,

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

Ÿ Using bullets and numbering, Ÿ Demonstrate to assign colour,
Ÿ Assigning colour, border and border and background to
background to paragraph paragraph,
Ÿ Page forma ng – se ng up basic Ÿ Demonstrate the page forma ng –
page layout using styles, Inser ng set up basic page layout using
page break, styles,
Ÿ Crea ng header/footer and page Ÿ Insert page break, Create
numbers, header/footer and page numbers,
Ÿ Defining borders and backgrounds, Ÿ Define borders and backgrounds
Ÿ Inser ng images shapes, special Ÿ Insert images, shapes, special
characters in a document, characters in a document,
Ÿ Dividing page into columns, Ÿ Divide page into columns,
Ÿ Forma ng the shape or image. Ÿ Format the shape or image.

4. Create and work with Ÿ Crea ng table in Word Processor, Ÿ Demonstrate and do the following
tables Ÿ Inser ng row and column, in a in Word Processor:
table, Ÿ Create table,
Ÿ Dele ng rows and columns, Ÿ Insert and delete rows and column
Ÿ Spli ng and merging tables, in a table,
Ÿ Dele ng a table, Ÿ Split and merge tables,
Ÿ Copying a table, Ÿ Delete a table,
Ÿ Moving a table. Ÿ Copy or move from one loca on to
another loca on of document.
5. Use Print Op ons Ÿ Prin ng op ons in Word Processor. Ÿ Demonstrate to print the
Ÿ Print preview, document, selected pages in the
Ÿ Controlling prin ng, document
Ÿ Prin ng all pages, single and Ÿ Print the document with various
mul ple pages. op ons,
Ÿ Preview pages before prin ng.

6. Understand and apply Ÿ Concept of mail merge in word Ÿ Demonstrate to print the le ers
mail merge processing, using mail merge,
Ÿ Crea ng a main document, Do the following to achieve
Ÿ Crea ng the data source, Ÿ Create a main document,
Ÿ Entering data in the fields, Ÿ Create the data source,
Ÿ Merging the data source with main Ÿ Enter data in the fields,
document, Ÿ Merge the data source with main
Ÿ Edi ng individual document, document,
Ÿ Prin ng the merged le er, Ÿ Edit individual document,
Ÿ Saving the merged le er. Ÿ Print the merged le er,
Ÿ Save the merged le er.


UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

1. Create a Spreadsheet Ÿ Introduc on to spreadsheet Ÿ Start the spreadsheet ,
applica on, Ÿ Iden fy the parts of Calc,
Ÿ Star ng a spreadsheet, Ÿ Iden fy the rows number, column
Ÿ Parts of a spreadsheet number, cell address,
Ÿ Worksheet – Rows and columns, Ÿ Define the range of cell,
Cell and cell address, Ÿ Iden fy row range, column range,
Ÿ Range of cell – column range, row row & column range
range, row and column range.

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

2. Apply formula and Ÿ Different types of data, Ÿ Demonstrate to enter the text,
func ons in spreadsheet Ÿ Entering data – Label, Values, Formula numeric data in a cell,
Ÿ Formula, how to enter formula, Ÿ Iden fy the label, values and
Ÿ Mathema cal operators used in formula in the cell,
formulae, Ÿ Demonstrate to enter formula in a
Ÿ Simple calcula ons using values cell,
and operators, Ÿ Construct the formula using
Ÿ Formulae with cell addresses and mathema cal operators,
operators, Ÿ Iden fy formulae with cell
Ÿ Commonly used basic func ons in addresses and operators,
a spreadsheet – SUM, AVERAGE, Ÿ Iden fy the correct syntax of formula,
MAX, MIN, Count Ÿ Use the basic func ons to perform
Ÿ Use of func ons to do calcula ons. calcula ons on data.
3. Format data in the Ÿ Forma ng tool, Ÿ Iden fy the forma ng tool,
spreadsheet Ÿ Use of dialog boxes to format values, Ÿ Demonstrate to use of dialog
Ÿ Forma ng a range of cells with boxes to format values,
decimal places, Ÿ Demonstrate to format range of
Ÿ Forma ng a range of cells to be cells with decimal places,
seen as labels, Ÿ Demonstrate to format a range of
Ÿ Forma ng of a cell range as cells to labels,
scien fic, Ÿ Demonstrate to format of a cell
Ÿ Forma ng a range of cells to range as scien fic,
display mes, Ÿ Demonstrate to format a range of
Ÿ Forma ng alignment of a cell cells to display me,
range, Ÿ Demonstrate to align cell data range,
Ÿ Speeding up data entry using the Ÿ Demonstrate to create
fill handle, Ÿ number series using fill handle,
Ÿ Uses of fill handle to copy Ÿ Copy formula by dragging the
formulae. formula using fill handle.
4. Understand and apply Ÿ Concept of referencing, Ÿ Demonstrate to use Rela ve
Referencing Ÿ Rela ve referencing, referencing in spreadsheet,
Ÿ Mixed referencing, Ÿ Demonstrate to use Mixed
Ÿ Absolute referencing. referencing in spreadsheet,
Ÿ Demonstrate to use Absolute
referencing in spreadsheet.
5. Create and insert Ÿ Importance of chart in Ÿ Create different types of chart
different types of charts spreadsheet, supported by a spreadsheet,
in a spreadsheet Ÿ Types of chart, Example of chart. Ÿ Illustrate the example of chart in a
spreadsheet.

UNIT 5: DIGITAL PRESENTATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

1. Understand features of Ÿ Concept of presenta on, Ÿ Iden fy and list the elements of
an effec ve presenta on Ÿ Elements of presenta on, presenta on,
Ÿ Characteris cs of an effec ve Ÿ List the characteris cs of an
presenta on effec ve presenta on.

2. Create a presenta on Ÿ Introduc on to presenta on Ÿ Start the presenta on applica on
so ware, Ÿ various components of main
Ÿ Star ng a presenta on tool, Impress window
Ÿ Parts of a presenta on tool window, Ÿ Observe the different workspace
Ÿ Closing the presenta on tool, views.

LEARNING OUTCOMES THEORY PRACTICAL

Ÿ Crea ng a presenta on using Ÿ Create a new presenta on using
template, wizard.
Ÿ Selec ng slide layout, Ÿ Run the presenta on,
Ÿ Saving a presenta on, Ÿ Save the presenta on,
Ÿ Running a slide show, Ÿ Close the presenta on,
Ÿ Save a presenta on in PDF, Ÿ Demonstrate to use Help in
Ÿ Closing a presenta on, presenta on.
Ÿ Using Help.

3. Work with slides Ÿ Inser ng a duplicate slide, Ÿ Demonstrate to insert a new slide
Ÿ Inser ng new slides, and duplicate slide in a
Ÿ Slide layout, Copying and moving presenta on,
slides, Ÿ Change the slide layout,
Ÿ Dele ng and renaming slides in Ÿ Demonstrate to copy and move
presenta on, slides in the presenta on,
Ÿ Copying, moving and dele ng Ÿ Demonstrate to copy, move and
contents of slide, delete contents of the slide,
Ÿ View a presenta on, Ÿ Demonstrate to view a
Ÿ Controlling the size of the view, presenta on in different views.
Ÿ Workspace views – Normal,
Outline, Notes, Slide sorter view.
4. Format text and apply Ÿ Forma ng toolbar, Ÿ Iden fy and list the various
anima ons Ÿ Various forma ng features, op ons in forma ng toolbar,
Ÿ Text alignment, Ÿ Apply the appropriate forma ng
Ÿ Bullets and numbering. op on
Ÿ Custom Anima on Ÿ Align the text in presenta on,
Ÿ Apply bullets and numbering to
the list items in presenta on.
Ÿ Apply Anima on
5. Create and use tables Ÿ Inser ng tables in presenta on, Ÿ Demonstrate the following:
Ÿ Entering and edi ng data in a Ÿ Insert table in presenta on,
table, Ÿ Enter and edit data in a table,
Ÿ Selec ng a cell, row, column, table, Ÿ Select a cell, row, column, table,
Ÿ Adjus ng column width and row Ÿ Adjust column width and row height,
height, Ÿ Assign table borders and
Ÿ Table borders and background background.
6. Insert and format image Ÿ Inser ng an image from a file, Ÿ Demonstrate to insert an image
in presenta on Ÿ Inser ng an image from the from file, gallery in presenta on,
gallery, Ÿ Apply forma ng op ons to image
Ÿ Forma ng images, in presenta on,
Ÿ Moving images, Ÿ Demonstrate to move, resize and
Ÿ Resizing images, rotate images,
Ÿ Rota ng images, Ÿ Apply forma ng op ons of Image
Ÿ Forma ng using the Image toolbar,
toolbar, Ÿ Drawing line, shapes using graphic
Ÿ Drawing graphic objects –line, objects,
shapes, Ÿ Demonstrate to group and un-
Ÿ Grouping and un-grouping objects group objects.
7. Work with slide master Ÿ Slide masters, Ÿ Create the slide masters,
Ÿ Crea ng the slide masters, Ÿ Apply the slide masters to the
Ÿ Applying the slide masters to all presenta on,
slide, Ÿ Add transi ons to presenta on.
Ÿ Adding transi ons.

Contents






1. Introduction to IT- ITeS Industry 15

Information Technology
¤ IT Applications
¤ Digital India
IT Enabled Services
¤ BPO Services
¤ BPM Industry in India
Information System in Enterprise
Careers in IT and ITeS
¤ IT Job Titles and Descriptions
¤ Technology Certification

2.1. Keyboard and Mouse Skills 35

Keyboard
¤ Types of Keyboards
¤ Types of Keys
Pointing Devices
¤ Mouse and Its Types
¤ Mouse Pointer, Operations and Actions
Typing Ergonomics

¤ Monitor Placement
¤ Avoiding Wrist Strain
¤ Posture and chair
¤ Reduce Fatigue
2.2. Typing : The Skill of Using a Keyboard 48

Touch Typing
¤ Home and Guide Keys
¤ Positioning of finger on the keyboard
¤ Using Numeric Keypad
¤ Successful Keyboarding Tips
Introduction to Rapid Typing
¤ RapidTyping Window
¤ Toolbar Features
¤ Virtual Keyboard
¤ Start a Lesson
¤ Getting Result Window
¤ Detailed Statistics
¤ Error Overview
¤ Student Statistics
¤ Lesson Editor

Calculation of Typing Speed
¤ Calculating Typing Accuracy and Error
¤ Calculating Typing Rhythm and Overall Rating
Good Typing Speed

3.1. Digital Documents 68

Word Processor
¤ Function of Word Processor
¤ Types of Word Processor
About LiberOffice Writer
¤ Starting LiberOffice Writer
¤ LiberOffice Writer Window
¤ Menu bar, Toolbars and Sidebar
Creating a New Document
¤ Entering Text
¤ Saving a Document, MS Word and PDF format
¤ Opening an Existing Document
¤ Selecting Text and Different Parts in a Document
Editing Text
¤ Moving and Copying Text
¤ Inserting and Deleting Text in a Document
¤ Undo and Redo Features
¤ Spelling & Grammar Check, Using Thesaurus
¤ Finding & Replacing Text
¤ Jumping to the Page Number, Non-Printing Characters
¤ Inserting Special Characters or Symbols
¤ AutoFormat, AutoCorrect and AutoText

3.2. Formatting a Document 97
Formatting Text
¤ Formatting a Document Using Page Setup
¤ Removing Manual Formatting
¤ Common Text Formatting
¤ Changing Text Case, Superscript or Subscript
Paragraph Formatting
¤ Paragraph Style, Line and Paragraph Spacing
¤ Hiding and Displaying Ruler in a Document
¤ Changing Tab setting and Alignment
¤ Clone Formatting
¤ Bullets and Numbering
¤ Adding Text Border and Background Color
¤ Creating Multiple Columns
¤ Changing Margins and Orientation
Views of a Document
¤ Normal View
¤ Web Layout View
¤ Full Screen View

Inserting Breaks
¤ Column Break, Line Break, Page Break
¤ Removing page Break
Adding Header and Footer
¤ Header, Footer and Page Numbers
Inserting Graphics
¤ Inserting Picture from File
¤ Inserting and Coloring Shapes


3.3. Table and Mail Merge 132

Inserting a Table
¤ Creating a Blank Table Using Toolbar and Menu Bar
¤ Entering Text in a Table
¤ Selecting Cells in a Table
¤ Adding Rows and Columns to a Table
¤ Combining and Splitting Cells in a Table
Formatting a Table
¤ Aligning the Text in a cell
¤ Adding Shading to a Cell
¤ Converting a Table to Text
¤ Moving and Copying a Table
Using Mail Merge
Creating Mail Merge using Wizard
Printing a Document
¤ Printing Multiple Pages on a Single Sheet of Paper
¤ Printing a Brochure/Booklet
¤ Printing an Envelope

4.1. Electronic Spreadsheet 157

About LiberOffice Calc
¤ Uses and Features of Calc
¤ Starting LiberOfiice Calc
¤ LiberOffice Calc Window
¤ Range of Cells
¤ Different Type of Data
¤ Entering Data
¤ Saving a Workbook
¤ Selecting Cells
¤ Editing & Deleting Data
¤ Moving and Copying Data
¤ Changing Column Width And Row Height
¤ Inserting and Deleting a Row, Column or Cells
¤ Freeze Column and Rows
¤ Hide and Unhide Columns and Rows
¤ Split a Worksheet
¤ Generating a Series Using AutoFill

Formatting Worksheet
¤ Changing the Font and the Font size
¤ Centering Data Across Columns
¤ Bold, Italic and Underline
¤ Changing the Alignment of Data
¤ Changing the Background and Font Color
¤ Adding Border
¤ Conditional Formatting
Number Formats
¤ Changing Number Formats
¤ Formatting Range of Cells with Decimal Places
¤ Formatting a Range of Cells as Text, Scientific, Date and Time

4.2. Formula and Function in Calc 187

Introduction to Formula
¤ Formula in Calc
¤ Operators, Order of Calculation
¤ Creating, Entering and Editing a Formula
¤ Copying a Formula
Functions in Calc
¤ Structure of a Function
¤ Entering a Function
¤ Using the Sum Function
¤ Using Average, Max, Min & Count Functions
¤ Cell References
Worksheet
¤ Adding and Renaming a Worksheet
¤ Coloring a Worksheet Tab
¤ Protecting Worksheet Data
¤ Worksheet Views
Charts in Calc
¤ Components of a Chart
¤ Types of Charts
¤ Creating a Chart
¤ Moving and Resizing a chart
¤ Editing and Formatting a Chart
Printing a Worksheet

5.1. Digital Presentation 222


Introduction
¤ Types of Presentation Software
¤ Characteristics of a Good Presentation
About LibreOffice Impress
¤ Starting LiberOfiice Impress
¤ LibreOffice Impress Window
¤ Creating a Presentation Using Templates
¤ Selecting Slide Layout

Saving a Presentation
¤ Running a Slide Show
¤ Saving a Presentation in PDF
¤ Closing a Presentation
¤ Using Help in Impress
Working with Slides
¤ Creating a Blank Presentations with Design Theme
¤ Inserting a Duplicate Slide
¤ Adding a New Slide to a Presentation
¤ Change Slide Layout
¤ Copying and Moving Slides
¤ Renaming and Deleting Slides
¤ Controlling the Size of Slide View
Changing Views
¤ Using Normal, Outline, Notes, Master Handout and Slide Sorter View
Formatting Text and Applying Animation
¤ Formatting Text
¤ Selecting Text
¤ Copying and Moving Text
¤ Changing the Font, Size and Color, Style and Alignment of the Text
¤ Adding Bullets and Numbering
¤ Custom Animation Effects
Printing a Presentation
¤ Print Handouts

5.2. Tables, Images and Slide Master in Impress 254

Inserting Tables in a Slide
¤ Adding a Table
¤ Creating a Table Using Toolbar
¤ Entering and Editing Data in a Table
¤ Selecting Cells in a Table
¤ Adjusting Column Width and Row Height
¤ Table border and Background
Inserting and Formatting an Image
¤ Inserting a Picture or an Image
¤ Inserting Objects from Gallary
¤ Moving , Resizing and Rotating Image
Managing Graphic Objects
¤ Tools in the Drawing Toolbar
¤ Creating and Formatting Graphic Objects
¤ Grouping the Objects
¤ Editing , Formatting and Ungrouping Objects
¤ Repositioning and Resizing the Objects
¤ Special Effects to the Objects
Working with Slide Masters
¤ Creating Slide Master Pages
¤ Applying a Slide Master
¤ Modifying a Slide Master
¤ Adding and Removing Slide Transition

1 Introduction to IT-ITeS Industry





Topics Covered

ØIntroduction ØInformation Technology (IT Applications, Digital India) ØIT Enabled
Services (BPO Services, BPM Industry in India) Information System in Enterprise Careers
Ø
Ø
in IT and ITeS (IT Job Titles and Descriptions, Technology Certification)




Introduction



Today, in the age of electronic revolution, computer has become an integral part of our lives.
We can say that computers have entered each and every walk of life, be it at home, at work
or at school. Most of our daily activities either involve the use of computers or depend on the
information derived from them.

Computers are widely used for economic activities. You can check your bank account, pay
bills, transfer funds, buy or sell products, evaluate financial plans, etc. At the grocery store, a
computer tracks your purchases and calculates the amount of money you owe.

Many schools, colleges and homes have computers for educational purposes. Students
complete assignments and do research on computers, in computer labs.
Computers have also become a source of entertainment. You can play games, listen to music,
watch videos or movies, read a book or a magazine, compose a video, edit or save
a photograph and plan a vacation among other things.
People use computers as a source of communication. You can transmit sounds, videos
and graphics by communicating through computers.


COMPUTERS ARE USED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES



















To be successful in this digital world, it has become essential to be a computer literate. Being IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
a computer literate means you have the knowledge and the understanding of computers and
their uses. In this chapter, you will study about the basic concepts and ideas related to 15
Information Technology and IT enabled Services.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information Technology (IT) refers to anything related to computing technology.

DEFINITION Information Technology (IT) is the use of computers and software to manage

information. It refers to anything related to computing technology, such as
networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people who work with
these technologies.


IT is primarily concerned with information, therefore, computers play an important role in
information technology. A computer is an electronic machine that works according to the
instructions given by you. It can accept data and manipulate it according to the specified rules,
produce results or information, and save the information for future use.

Today, IT has become an integral part of our lives. Most of our daily activities either involve
the use of technology or depend on the information derived from it.

Terms Related to Information Technology

Below are some common terms related to information technology.

Data: Data is the collection of unorganized facts, which can include words,
numbers, images or sounds. Computers manipulate and process data to
create information.
Instructions: Instructions specify what operations need to be performed on the data.

Example: Printers = 25
Monitors = 60
This is data. This data must be added to get total number of these output
devices.

Total = Printers + Monitors
This is an instruction.
A collection of such logical instructions is called a computer program.

Processing: Transformation of data into information is called processing.
Information: Information is the processed data that is organized, meaningful and useful.
It is helpful to the user while making decisions.
User: The person who uses the computer is called a user.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Software: Software is a set of instructions, organized for a common purpose that
All the physical and mechanical equipment attached together to make a
Hardware:
computer system is called hardware. You can touch and feel
the hardware.


tells the hardware what to do and how to perform a particular job.


A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together
Network:
via communication devices and transmission media. It allows computers to
share resources such as hardware, software, data and information.
16
Internet: Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions and individuals.

IT Applications


Improvements in technologies over the ages have had a different
impact on our daily lives, both at home and at work. Computers
and related technologies have changed the functions of our
everyday items — cars, telephones, televisions, and more.
In addition to affecting individuals, these technologies have
changed the society as a whole. Without computers, banks
would be overwhelmed by the job of tracking all the
transactions they process; Moon exploration and the space
shuttles would still belong to science fiction; and some scientific advances such as DNA
analysis and gene mapping would be non-existent.

People interact directly through computers and their applications in following fields:
IT in Home Computing

IT in home computing has increased over the last few years as
computers and Internet access have become less expensive and
many online consumer activities have become readily available.
You can use Internet at home to look up information, exchange
e-mails, shop, watch videos, download music and movies, pay bills,
manage bank accounts, check news and weather, store and
organize digital photos, play games, make vacation plans, etc.
Many individuals also use computers at home for work-related
tasks such as to review documents and make projects.



IT in Everyday Life

In our day-to-day lives, computers help us in completing assignments,
scheduling appointments, storing our important work, etc. We also
use home appliances such as washing machines, microwave ovens,
dish washers and many other products which have embedded
software that allows them to be controlled by the given instruction.



Computing technologies have also modified traditional homes
to smart homes where household tasks (such as turning the
air conditioner on or off, making coffee, monitoring the
security of the home, and managing home entertainment
content) are controlled by a main computer at home or
remotely via a smartphone. Technology is, therefore, playing
a very important role in our lives and now we cannot imagine
our world without it. IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)



IT in Libraries
Computers are being used in libraries to maintain the list
of borrowed books, set reminders for the return of the
17
books and generate overdue slips. Computers are also
used in libraries for cataloguing and indexing of books.

IT in Workplace

IT is used in various ways in a workplace and these include
communication within the company, data sharing, data
protection, quick decision making and knowledge management.
IT is also used to support basic information-processing tasks
like creating presentations and setting up web sites from which
customers can order products. All these tools will help in
processing the required information and will also simplify work, hence increase the
productivity at work.
IT in Education

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge. Earlier,
people used to learn from parents, teachers, and
employers. Today, educators and schools use technology to
assist education. Many schools equip labs and classrooms
with laptops or desktops. Technology is used for creation
and transmission of information in various forms including
still pictures, audio, video and animation to the learners.
Learning becomes easy and accessible through IT. A lot of teaching resources are now available
for teachers to teach in a better way.




! IT in Classroom
There are many ways in which IT is used for education in the classroom, such as

! e-learning ! smartboard presentations
! videos on experiments ! creation of images and videos
! printing of booklets, letters and documents ! educational games

! learning using the digital media ! gathering information from the Internet


Education Everywhere

Many schools offer distance learning classes where the imparting of education occurs at one
place while the learning occurs at other locations. Distance learning courses are beneficial
for students who live far from the schools or colleges. A few schools offer full-time degree
courses online. Apart from this, there are a variety of websites and mobile apps to access
educational resources on any topic. You can also contact a teacher or a trainer via Internet to
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Teaching Aids and Media
use WBT (Web-Based Training).






Computers are used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to
! make the lessons interesting and informative using presentations.

! organise lessons and content.
! obtain information relevant to the subject.
18
! use images, animations and videos to explain difficult subjects with ease.

Online
Learning Management System (LMS) Content Collaboration Testing,
sharing & Assignments,
Delivery Homework
Many countries use Learning Management
System (LMS) to manage school systems. A Students & Reporting,
teacher
student or teacher can register himself/herself management Grade Books
on the official website to access LMS and can
use its services. A student can be benefited by Online Discussions,
Course LMS Fourms &
using LMS as it can be used to: Builders Announcements
Ÿ access unlimited e-learning material anytime anywhere at low cost.

Ÿ learn lessons and participate in co-curricular activities via video.
Ÿ track the progress of their children (by parents).
Ÿ collaborate and share the content with others.
Ÿ submit queries, comments and get replies through forums.


IT in Entertainment
Nowadays, computers and mobile devices are great sources of
entertainment. You can listen to music or podcasts; watch video
clips, live performances and events; read a book, magazine, or
newspaper; and play games individually or with others. You can
also download media from the Internet to a computer to play it
later. Some websites support streaming, where you can access
media directly without downloading. You can also create videos,
take photos, or record audio and upload (transfer) your media to
the web and share it with others, through social network.



IT in Communication

Communication is important for people to share their views
and opinions. It is a process in which two or more people
share their knowledge, information, resources and expertise.
Communication is used to convey messages, ideas, pictures, or
speeches. A person who receives this information must
understand it clearly and correctly. Modern communication
uses computer system for emailing, instant messaging, FTP, and
video conferencing.
IT in Business

Today's businesses rely heavily on Information Technology than ever before. From improved
telecommunications to online payment options, most modern businesses would not function IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
effectively or efficiently without Information Technology.

Information Technology is used in various ways. Businesses can use
technology in manufacturing, improving customer care, transportation,
human resource management, business communication, improving
services or products to gain competitive advantage, etc. However, for
19
a business to get the best out of Information Technology, they have
to plan and manage this technology well.

IT in Retail

You can purchase any product or service on the web including
groceries, books, computers, mobile devices, music, airline tickets,
etc. To purchase from an online retailer, a customer must visit the
business’ storefront which contains product descriptions, images,
and a shopping cart. The shopping cart allows the customer to
collect items. When these items are collected in the shopping cart, the customer enters personal
data (name, address, etc.) and the method of payment which should be done through a secure
Internet connection. If the payment is successful, the customer will receive a confirmation of the
purchase. After that, the e-retailer processes the order and ships it to the customer.
IT in Banking

Today’s banking system completely relies upon IT. Most
activities of a bank are now done online. With online
banking, users can access account balances, pay bills,
transfer money from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS),
track personal income and expenses, manage investments,
and evaluate financial plans and copy monthly transactions
from the bank’s computer right into their personal
computers.
Banks have placed computerized ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) all over the world so that
customers can withdraw funds, anywhere anytime.

IT in Insurance

Computer help the insurance companies in many ways.
They help in keeping all records such as procedures for
continuation of policies, starting date, date of next
installment, maturity date, interest dues, survival benefits
up to date, etc. Many users can purchase insurance
policies online directly from the website of insurance
companies.
IT in Marketing

In marketing, technology is used to improve customer
services. Computers in marketing are used to create and
design advertisements of products so that the sales goal can
be achieved. It is also helpful in obtaining customer data and
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Blogs Some of the IT tools that are used for marketing on a regular
information through website cookies and online surveys.


basis include:




Many marketing professionals are involved in setting up and managing blogs for their companies.


Computerized Presentations
20 Many marketing professionals are often responsible for creating computerized sales and
marketing presentations using various presentation softwares.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
Companies often use sophisticated CRM software applications to keep track of all types of
customer contact, including sales calls, presentations, purchases, complaints and more.

E-mail Communication

E-mail communication is quite common with customers, so marketing professionals rely on
one-on-one e-mail communication in order to accomplish their goals.

Graphic Design Software

Many marketing professionals use designing software applications to design various types of
creatives for their company.

Social Media

Many marketing professionals are often responsible for setting up and managing social media
accounts and sharing content for their companies to promote their products or services.




IT in Science and Engineering

All branches of Science, from Biology to Astronomy, use
computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing and
modeling data. Scientists use computers for breakthrough results
in surgery, medicine, and treatments.

A camera pill is the latest discovery by scientists. This pill is small enough
to be swallowed. Once swallowed, it takes pictures of the inside of your
body so that doctors can detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities.
A neural network is a system that attempts to imitate the behaviour of the
human brain. Scientists create neural networks by connecting thousands of
processors together much like the neurons in the brain are connected. The
capability of a personal computer to recognize spoken words is a direct
result of scientific experimentation with neural networks.


IT in Healthcare
Nearly every domain of healthcare today uses computers. Whether you are visiting a family
doctor for a regular checkup, getting a medical test done or being rushed in for an emergency
surgery, the medical staff around you use computers for various purposes:
! Hospitals and doctors use computers to maintain and access patient records.
! Patients use computers to manage health conditions such as diabetes.

! Computers assist doctors, nurses, and technicians with medical tests. IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
! Doctors use email, text messaging, and other services to keep in touch with patients.
! Patients use computers to refill prescriptions, and pharmacists use computers to provide
customers with vital information about their medications.
! Surgeons implant computerized devices, like pacemakers that allow patients to live
longer. 21
! Surgeons use computer-controlled devices to provide patients with greater precision
during operations, such as laser eye surgery and robot-assisted heart surgery.

! Medical staff creates labels for medicines, hospital ID bracelets, and more enabling the
staff to verify dosage and access patient records by scanning the labels.
Computers are an integral part of laboratories. With the advancements in computer
technology, various high-tech machines are used in the diagnosis and treatment of critical
diseases. Some of these machines are:

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Machine

This machine is used to create three-dimensional (3D) images
of different parts of the body which help in the diagnosis of various
diseases.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machine
This machine is used to give the digital impression of internal organs
of the body by using strong magnetic fields and radio waves which
are helpful in the detection and in deciding the treatment of diseases.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine
This machine is used to monitor heartbeat. When the heart
pumps blood to different parts of the body, some electrical
impulses are produced. This machine records the electrical
impulses and shows them in the form of a graph.



Cardiac Screening Machine
This machine displays the physiology of the heart and movements
inside the heart. Through this machine, it is possible to diagnose
problems of the heart, such as thinning of veins.



Electro-encephalography (EEG) Machine

This machine is used to record the activities of the brain. The small
electrical probes attached to the head receive the electrical impulses
of the brain and display them on a computer screen. This device can
retrieve the data in both states whether a patient is awake or asleep.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Blood Sugar Testing Machine




This device analyses a sample of blood and determines the blood
glucose level.




Blood Pressure Measuring Machine
This device, worn as a wrist band, can measure the blood pressure
22
of a person at rest or when he/she is involved in some physical
activity.

IT in Publishing

In publishing, computers are used for creating books, magazines,
newspapers, music, films, and videos. Computers help in making
a book more attractive by adding borders, inserting pictures, etc.
Some companies and individuals publish their thoughts and ideas
online using a blog, podcast, or wiki. A blog is a website which
consists of posts (text, photos, links, etc.) in a journal format,
usually listed in reverse chronological order. Podcasts are a
popular way to distribute recorded audio or video on the web. A
wikipedia is a website that allows users to create, modify, or
delete content via their browser.

IT in Animation & Graphics
Animation is the process of making a still object appear moving. This
is achieved by rapidly displacing series of similar pictures, each
in a slightly different position.
Computers can be used for animation and for producing special effects
in movies, videos, games, etc. All cartoons are a result of computer
animation, also known as computer generated imagery (CGI).
Computers are also used to capture human motion and use that
information to animate digital characters.

IT in Transport

While travelling by road or air, arriving safely at your
destination is the primary concern. As you start the journey,
you may interact with a navigation system or GPS, which uses
satellite signals to determine a geographic location. Vehicles
manufactured today include some type of onboard navigation
system. Many smartphones also have built-in navigation
systems. Cars are also programmed for safe auto-driving.
Today, the landing of aircrafts is controlled by computers.
Computers have even made it possible for a plane to land in
even foggy or stormy weather.


IT in Crime Control

Computers in a police control room provide a versatile
tool for recording and retrieving data of suspected
criminals. Computers also help in tracking criminals.
The police keep the computerized files duly indexed IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
with information like the list of all vehicle owners with
registration numbers, names of criminals with details
of crimes committed by them and their fingerprints,
wanted and missing people's file, list of disqualified
drivers, etc.
23

IT in Government and Public Services

A government makes and administers policies for the society. Most of the government offices
have websites to provide up-to-date information to its citizens. People in India access
government websites to file taxes, apply for permits and licenses, report crimes, apply for
financial aid, renew vehicle registrations, etc.
The government uses electronic voting machines for elections after replacing the traditional
voting slips and ballot boxes. People can enroll themselves in the electoral roll through the
State Election Commission portal and cast their votes.

Digital India initiative of the Government of India is the best example of IT in this sector.
Employees of government agencies use computers as a part of their daily routine.


Digital India

Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India on July 1, 2015 in the
presence of various top industrialists. It is an initiative that ensures the Government's services
are made available to citizens electronically by improving online infrastructure, increasing
Internet connectivity and by making the country digitally empowered. The three key vision
areas of Digital India are:
1. Provide digital infrastructure throughout the country

2. To provide good governance and facilitate online services
3. To promote digital literacy and facilitate online submission of documents

Based on the above key visions, the objectives of the campaign are listed below:
w To ensure high speed Internet in all Gram Panchayats
w Single window access for all to avail government services online and on mobile platform

w Improve India's online infrastructure in urban and rural areas
w Availability of digital resources/services in local languages

w Digital empowerment of citizens




Nine Pillars of Digital India





PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Broadband Highways Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity Public-Internet Access Programme e-Governance Reforming government through Technology e-Kranti Electronic delivery of services Information for All Electronics Manufacturing Target Net Zero Imports IT for Jobs Early Harvest Programmes















24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Key Initiatives which Form a Part of Digital India



1. DigiLocker: To store crucial documents in the cloud storage like Voter
ID Card, Pan Card, Driving License, educational certificates, etc.



2. MyGov.in: An online platform to engage citizens in governance
through a “Discuss”, “Do” and “Disseminate” approach.


3. eSign framework: To enable the users to digitally sign a document
online using Aadhaar authentication.



4. National Scholarship Portal: To make the scholarship process easy.
Everything related to government scholarships can be done on this
single portal online.


5. e-Hospital: To enable people to avail services like online registration,
payment of fees and appointment, online diagnostic reports, checking
the availability of blood online, etc.



6. Digitize India Platform: To digitalize data and records on a large scale
for easy and quick access.



7. BharatNet: Provide all 250,000 Gram Panchayats of the country with
high speed broadband connectivity.



8. Wi-Fi Hotspots: Develop high speed Wi-Fi hotspots to improve digital
connectivity throughout the country.


9. Next Generation Network: To replace old telephone exchanges for
managing all types of services like voice, data and multimedia.




10. Electronic Development Fund: To set up funds for developing
electronic products.


11. Centre of Excellence of IoT (Internet of Things): To enable rapid IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
adaptation of IoT technology and encourage new growth strategy. It will
help the citizens in services like transport system, parking, electricity,
to creating smart cities, etc.


12. Swachh Bharat Mission Mobile App: Enable organizations and citizens
to gain access information regarding the cleanliness drive and achieve 25
the goals of the mission.

Merits and Demerits of the Digital India campaign

The campaign has its own share of merits and demerits:
Merits 1. Transparency in transactions with no delay in the process
2. No corruption, as records can be traced back
3. Improve quality of service

d
4. Convenient and easy
5. Less documentation
Demerits 1. Hacking poses a threat to digital transactions
2. Lack of affordable smartphones in rural areas

3. Lack of digital literacy

4. Complex and privacy concern
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENABLED SERVICES


Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest growing economic activities and is becoming
more and more service oriented. Information Technology is related to computing technology,
such as networking, hardware, software and anything that involves transmission of
information.
Nowadays, varieties of services are provided through information technology. ITeS is also called
web-enabled services or remote services. These services include entire operation by which the
information technology is utilized for improving the efficiency of an organization. These
services have opened windows for job opportunities in call centres, payrolls, revenue claims
processing, medical billing, coding, medical transcription, logistics management, legal
databases, back office operations, content development, GIS (Geographical Information
System), Human Resource (HR) services, web services, etc.

ITeS are defined as the services that lead to improvement in the quality of services for an
organisation. ITeS enables the creation of new services in diverse fields like finance, HR,
administration, healthcare, telecommunication, manufacturing, etc. ITeS provide a variety of IT-
intensive process and services, it includes BPO and KPO. E-enabled services radically reduce costs
and improve service standards. In short, Internet service provider aims to provide B2B (Business
to Business) e-commerce solutions. ITeS offers different services integrated in a single delivery
mechanism to end users. The services may include medical transcription, customer relationship
management, data entry and data processing, software development, data warehousing, IT help
desk services, enterprise resource planning and telecommunication services.

BPO Services
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. a practice of contracting a particular work process to some
BPO is an acronym for Business Process Outsourcing. This is

external service provider. The services may include
accounting, payroll, human resource, IT services, data
recording, telemarketing, social media marketing, health
care, web promotion and more. BPO is familiar to us as
Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS) because most
of the times business processes are based on Information
Technology.
26
BPO is highly organized. Hence various kinds of jobs are
outsourced in India.

BPO service industry is doing exceptionally well in India because of the following reasons.
1. BPO service providers in India invest in hi-tech hardware and software to deliver the best
of services. They follow quality checks to ensure error free and exceptional service.
2. Government of India is encouraging the BPO Industry in India by providing necessary
infrastructure and logistic support.

BPM Industry in India

India is emerging as a hub for “Digital Skills”. It is the leading off-shoring z a o i t
destination for IT companies in the world. Off-shoring takes place when p t i m i
O
an organization signs a contract for services offered by a company in a
g BPM
foreign country. Business Process Management (BPM) is dedicated to n i r Life Cycle
analyzing, designing, implementing, and continuously improving o t
n i
organizational processes. The IT and BPM (Business Process Management) o M
n Design Modeling
industry is the largest contributor to the total exports of the country. It n o i t Exe u c
has also provided a wide range of economic and social benefits which
includes creating employment, raising income level and promoting export. It has placed India
on the world map with an image of technologically advanced and knowledge-based economy.

Structure of the IT-BPM Industry

a. Multinational Corporation (MNC): It is an enterprise that has branches in several countries
but is managed from one (home) country. It has its headquarters outside India but
operates worldwide including India. They cater to both domestic and/or global clients.
b. Indian Service Providers (ISPs): These enterprises have their headquarters in India with
offices in multiple locations worldwide. Some of these enterprises cater both global as well as
domestic clients, while others serve only the Indian clients.
c. Global In-house Centers (GIC): These enterprises only focus and cater to the needs of their
parent company. GIC has an option to keep IT operations in-house and at the same time
expand globally for innovation in a cost-effective manner.




INFORMATION SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISE


Businesses and their employees use many types of systems. A system is a set of components
that interact to achieve a common goal. For example, a billing system allows a company to
send invoices and receive payments from customers. An information system is a set of
hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information.
Information systems support daily, short-term and long-range information requirements of
users in a company.


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): It allows information to flow IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
across an organization for managing and coordinating the ongoing
HUMAN
RESOURCES
activities of the enterprise, including product planning, manufacturing
FINANCE
PROCUREMENT and distribution, accounting and finance, sales, human resources, and
SUPPLY CHAIN
customer support. Advantages of ERP include complete integration of
information systems across departments, better project management, 27
ERP
and improved customer services.

Document Management System (DMS): It allows storage and
management of company’s documents such as word processing
documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. A central library
stores all documents within a company or department.


Content Management System (CMS): It enables and manages the
publishing, modification, organization, and access of various forms of
documents and other files, including media and webpages, on a
network or the web.


Transaction Processing System (TPS): It is an information system that
captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities.
Examples of transactions are deposits, payments, orders, and
reservations. When you use a debit or a credit card to purchase an
item, you are interacting with a transaction processing system.

Management Information System (MIS): It is an information system that
generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so that managers
and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities,
and track progress. Management information systems are often integrated
with transaction processing systems and focus on creating information
that managers and other users need to perform their job.


Decision Support System (DSS): It helps users to analyze information
and make decisions. Some decision support systems are company
specific and designed solely for managers. Others are available to
everyone on the web.



CAREERS IN IT AND ITES

Technology Equipment
The information technology industry has become
IT Consulting Software & Apps
a major source of career opportunities worldwide. This
industry has created thousands of hi-tech vacancies,
CAREERS
even in organizations whose primary business is not IT IN
related. As technology changes, so do the available Technology IT & ITES Technology
Service
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. stay up-to-date with technological developments. Technology Sales
Education,
& Repair
Training,
careers and requirements. For this reason, you should
& Support
Some of the IT fields are:
Technology Equipment: The technology equipment sector consists of manufacturers and
distributors of computers, mobile devices, and other hardware such as magnetic and optical
drives, monitors, printers, and communication and networking devices.
Software and Apps: The software and apps sector consists of companies that develop,
manufacture, and support a wide range of softwares and apps for computers, the web, and
28
mobile devices. Some employees develop desktop, web, and mobile apps such as productivity
softwares, games, simulations, and more; others develop operating systems and related tools.

Technology Service and Repair: The technology service and repair sector provides preventive
maintenance, component installation, and repair services to customers. Today’s technology also
allows technicians to diagnose and repair software problems from a remote location, that is,
the technician can access the user’s hard drive or smartphone from a different location.

Technology Sales: People in technology sales must possess a general understanding of
technology and a specific knowledge of the product they are selling. They generally determine
buyers’ needs and direct them towards devices and softwares that can meet their needs.

Technology Education, Training and Support: Schools, colleges, universities, and private
companies — all need qualified educators to provide technology-related education and
training. Corporate trainers teach employees how to use softwares and apps, design and
develop systems, write programs, integrate and sync data from apps used on multiple devices,
and perform other technology-related activities.
IT Consulting: Technology professionals sometimes become IT consultants after gaining
experience in one or more technology-related areas, such as software development, network
configuration, developing mobile devices, social media, or web development.

IT Job Titles and Descriptions
Business organizations of all sizes use a variety of staff in their IT (Information Technology)
department. IT staff is responsible for smooth running of all the computer operations, mobile
devices, and networks. They also determine if and when the organization requires new
hardware, mobile devices, or software. Usually, these jobs are divided into the following
categories:
Ÿ Management — directs the planning, research, development, evaluation, and integration of
technology.
Ÿ Research and software development — analyses, designs, develops, and implements new
information technology and maintains and improves existing systems.
Ÿ Technical support services — evaluates and integrates new technologies, administers the
organization’s data resources, and supports the centralized computer operating system and
servers.
Ÿ Operations — operates the centralized computer equipment and administers the network,
including both data and voice communications.
Ÿ Training/Support — teaches employees how to use components of the information system
to answer user’s specific questions.
Ÿ Information security services — develops and enforces policies that are designed to
safeguard an organization’s data and information from unauthorized users.
Ÿ Marketing/Strategy — directs and implements Internet and social media marketing, and
manages customer relationships.

Technology Certification

Certification is the process of verifying the technical knowledge of an individual who has IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)
demonstrated competence in a particular area. Companies often require certification to ensure
quality and workmanship standards, and to make certain that their workforce remains up-to-
date with respect to computers and technology. Computing professionals typically obtain a
certification by taking and passing an examination. Many technological certifications are
available for professionals. For example, Application Software Certifications, Data Analysis and
29
Database Certifications, Hardware Certifications, Networking Certifications, Operating System
Certifications, Programmer/Developer Certifications, Security Certifications, etc.

In a Nutshell


w Information Technology is the use of computers and software to manage information.
w IT refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the
Internet, or the people who work with these technologies.
w IT at home is used to look up information, shop, watch videos, download music and movies, pay
bills, manage bank accounts, store digital photos, play games, make vacation plans, etc.
w IT in our daily lives is used in home appliances such as washing machines, microwave ovens, dish
washers and many other products which have embedded software that allows them to be
controlled by the instruction given.
w IT is used in libraries to maintain the list of borrowed books, set reminders for the return of the
books and generate overdue slips.

w IT is used in a workplace for communication like data sharing, data protection, quick decision
making, and knowledge management within the company.
w IT is used in schools for smartboard presentations, videos on experiments, educational games,
gathering information on the Internet, etc.
w IT in healthcare is used to maintain and access patient records, manage health conditions, implant
computerized devices, perform laser eye surgery and robot-assisted heart surgery.
w IT in publishing is used to make books, magazines, newspapers, etc. more attractive by adding
borders, inserting pictures, etc.
w IT is used in film industry for animation and for creating special effects.
w IT is used in transport to interact with a navigation system or GPS which uses satellite signals to
determine a geographic location.
w IT in government and public services is used for initiatives like Digital India and e-governance.
w The Digital India programme is an initiative to ensure that the government's services are made
available to citizens electronically by making the country digitally empowered.
w DigiLocker is used to store crucial documents in the cloud storage like Voter ID Card, Pan Card,
Driving License, educational certificates, etc.
w Swachh Bharat Mission mobile app is used to enable organizations and citizens to access
information regarding the cleanliness drive and achieve the goals of the mission.
w ITeS are web-enabled services or remote services that cover the entire operations which use
Information Technology for improving the efficiency of an organization.

w BPO is a practice of contracting a particular work process to some external service providers which
may include IT services, data recording, telemarketing, social media marketing and more.
w An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. w The Information Technology industry is a major source of career opportunities worldwide. This
together to produce information and support daily, short-term, and long-range information
requirements of users in a company.


industry has created thousands of hi-tech vacancies, even in organizations whose primary business
is not IT-related.

The popular Information Technology-related job titles for several categories of careers are
w
Management, System Development and Programming, Operations, Training, Security, App
Development and Mobile Technologies, Technical Services, Web Marketing and Social Media.
w Certification is the process of verifying the technical knowledge of an individual who has
30
demonstrated competence in a particular area.

Check your Progress


A. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is the collection of unorganized facts that can include words, numbers,
images or sounds?
a. Data b. Information c. Network d. Instruction
2. The physical and mechanical equipment attached together to make a computer system is called

a. Software b. Hardware c. Information d. Internet
3. A collection of computers and devices connected together via communication devices and
transmission media is called
a. Process b. Software c. Network d. Hardware
4. What is being used by many countries to manage school systems?
a. LMS b. LSS c. LPS d. LTS
5. Which of the following is small enough to be swallowed and takes pictures of the inside of your
body to detect diseases?
a. Resonance b. Camera pill c. Tomography d. Chip
6. Which website allows users to create, modify, or delete the content via its browser?

a. Gmail b. Yahoo c. Wikipedia d. WhatsApp
7. Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) machine is used for creating images of different parts of
the body. What is the dimension of these images?

a. 2D b. 3D c. 4D d. 5D
8. Which initiative of government has made government services available to citizens
electronically?

a. Digital India b. Air India c. Social India d. Clean India
9. What is used to store crucial documents in the cloud like Voter ID Card and Pan Card?
a. Wi-Fi b. E-hospital c. DigiLocker d. E-tax
10. Services which use Information Technology for improving the efficiency of an organisation are
called
a. ITeS b. INTes c. ITMes d. ITNes
11. Which of the following is a practice of contracting a particular work process to some external
service provider?
a. BPA b. BPO c. BPM d. BBA
12. Which information system generates accurate, timely, and organized information?
a. MIS b. DSS c. DMS d. TPS

13. By which process, the technical knowledge of an individual is verified?
a. Reading b. Certification c. Analyzing d. Testing IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)

B. Fill in the Blanks

1. ……………............………………….. is the use of computers and software to manage information.
2. In a computer system, ………………………… specify what operations need to be performed
on the data.

3. …………………… is a set of instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the hardware 31
what to do and how to perform a particular job.

4. ………………………… is the process where you access the media content directly without
downloading it.

5. The ………………………… allows the customer to collect items from an online retailer.
6. A ………………………… is a system that attempts to imitate the behaviour of the human brain.
7. ………………………… is the process of making a still object appear moving.
8. ………………………… machine is used to give the digital impression of internal organs of the body
by using strong magnetic fields and radio waves.
9. …………………....................……… mobile app is used to enable organizations and citizens to access
information regarding the cleanliness drive.
10. ITeS enables the creation of new ……………………………… in diverse fields.
11. ……………………….....……….. are enterprises operating in several countries but managed from one
(home) country.
12. Decision support systems help users analyze …………………………… and make decisions.



C. State Whether the Statements Given Below are True or False
1. Most of our daily activities involve the use of Information Technology.
2. Instruction means transformation of data into information.
3. Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of networks.

4. IT at home is used to look up information, shop, watch videos, download music
and movies.
5. IT in healthcare is used in home appliances such as washing machines and
microwave ovens.
6. IT is used in libraries to maintain the list of borrowed books and set reminders for
return of books.
7. Distance learning can never occur in schools.
8. Communication is a process in which two or more people share their knowledge,
information and resources.
9. Cardiac screening machine displays the physiology of the heart and the
movements inside the heart.
10. GPS is a navigation system that uses satellite signals to determine a geographic
location.
11. These days government uses traditional voting slips and ballot boxes instead of
electronic voting machines for elections.

12. ITeS are also called web-enabled services or remote services.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. 14. Transaction processing system is an information system that captures and

13. The IT and BPM industries contribute negligibly to the total exports of the country.
processes data from day-to-day business activities.
15. Training/Support teaches employees how to use components of the information
system to answer specific user’s questions.


D. Differentiate between the following
1. Software and Hardware 2. Blog and Podcast 3. ECG and EEG
32
4. BPO and BPM 5. MNC and ISPs 6. ERP and TPS

7. DMS and CMS 8. MIS and DSS

E. Short Answer Questions
1. What is information technology?
2. What do you mean by instructions?
3. What is the role of IT in healthcare?
4. What is the role of IT is publishing?
5. What is the role of IT is transport?
6. What is the use of DigiLocker?
7. What do you understand by ITeS?
8. Name any three career options available in IT.
9. What do you mean by BPO?
10. What do you mean by Decision Support System (DSS)?
11. What is the role of a computer professional in management?
12. What is the role of a computer professional in software development and research field?
13. What is the role of a computer professional in technical support services?
14. What is the role of a computer professional in marketing/strategy?
15. What do you mean by technology certification?
16. For what purpose IT is used in business?
F. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the usage of computer in our daily lives.
2. How does IT helps us in the field of animation and graphics?
3. What are the merits and demerits of Digital India?
4. What are the key vision areas of Digital India?
5. What are the benefits of ITeS? Explain.
6. Write about BPM Industry in India.
7. Explain the structure of IT-BPM Industry.
8. What is the use of information system in an enterprise? Explain.
9. Explain the role of IT in education.
G. Application Based Questions
1. Khyati always enjoys listening to audio clips; watching video clips, live performances and events;
reading a book, magazine, or newspaper, and playing games individually or with others. Which
field of computer is she enjoying?
2. Your teacher told you about an enterprise operating in several countries but managed from one
(home) country and which caters to external clients (both domestically and/or globally). What
kind of enterprise is it?
3. Pushkar works in a private company, his role is to direct and implement the organization's
usage of Internet and social media marketing, including Facebook pages, Twitter feeds, blogs,
and manage customer relationship. What is his designation in the company?

Practical Exercises IT PLANET - 9 (CODE - 402)



Lab Activity

1. Prepare a presentation software on the topic "Latest jobs related to information technology".
2. Give a seminar on the topic "Digital India campaign" by using any presentation software.
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3. Prepare a survey report on the topic "BPO services in India" using latest information available on
the Internet.

4. Write an article on the topic "IT in healthcare" in a word processor software.

5. Visit various websites and make a list of areas where ICT is used.


Internet Research


1. Organize a group discussion by dividing the 2. Organize a group discussion by dividing
class in 4 groups and discuss how simple the class in 4 groups and discuss how
homes are changing to smart homes. IT played a major role during lockdown
period.





















Is Outsourcing Wrong?

Companies have a long history of outsourcing, or relying on outside companies to perform certain
tasks. Outsourcing enables companies to find workers with specialized experience and to control
costs. When a company sends jobs overseas, outsourcing becomes offshoring. A skilled computer
professional in some developed countries like USA typically demands a higher salary than an IT worker
in other countries.
To remain competitive, many companies have chosen to send computer jobs abroad. Companies feel
KNOW THIS TOO... benefit when companies hire and pay workers a fair wage and provide benefits. Consumers benefit
that they have a right to choose to send business tasks abroad if it saves costs. Foreign economies
from the reduced cost of goods.
Opponents say that offshoring results in unemployment and harms the economy. Others are
concerned that sensitive work, such as health record maintenance or weapons manufacturing, could
place citizens at risk. Some companies have received negative response due to inefficiencies in call
centers and customer support located abroad. Government officials struggle with policies regarding
offshoring, especially with regard to taxing workers.
NOW THINK AND TELL
Ÿ Should the government limit a company’s ability to out source computer jobs to other countries?
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Ÿ What are some possible alternatives to outsourcing that would help to keep a company
Why or why not?
Ÿ Should companies receive criticism for outsourcing jobs? Why or why not?


competitive? What steps can people take in their careers to avoid becoming a victim of
outsourcing?
Ÿ Would you pay more money for goods manufactured in your country? Why or why not?





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