Samantha Chan Su Wee_0335438_E-Energy Audit Report

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURE (ARC61904)

ASSIGNMENT 2 : ENERGY AUDIT E-REPORT

Samantha Chan Su Wee
0335438



CLIMATE BASED PROFILE External Temperature

Location Average High and Low Temperature in May

The latest sunrise of the month in Malacca Daily high temperatures are around
is 7:02 AM on May 1 and the earliest 32°C, rarely falling below 30°C or
sunrise is 1 minute, 33 seconds earlier exceeding 33°C. Daily low
at 7:00 AM on May 18. temperatures are around 25°C, rarely
The earliest sunset is 7:13 PM on May falling below 24°C or exceeding 26°C.
8 and the latest sunset is 2 minutes, 10
seconds later at 7:15 PM on May 31. The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line)
temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile
The solar day over the course of May. From bottom to bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average
top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, perceived temperatures
sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight.
The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and The average sliding 31-day rainfall during May in Malacca is rapidly decreasing, starting Rainfall
night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to the month at 169 millimeters, when it rarely exceeds 248 millimeters or falls below 100
gray. (2°16'32.9"N, 102°16'52.6"E) millimeters, and ending the month at 140 millimeters, when it rarely exceeds 208
millimeters or falls below 77 millimeters.
Sun Path
Average Monthly Rainfall in May
Back

My house is facing front The average rainfall (solid line)
southeast, thus sun accumulated over the course of a
rises from the left sliding 31-day period centered on
side to the right the day in question, with 25th to
side of my porch. 75th and 10th to 90th percentile
bands.

Wind Rose

Average Wind Speed in May

The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th
and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

The hourly average wind direction in Malacca throughout May is
predominantly from the south, with a peak proportion of 61% on May 31.

Sun Orientation Internal Temperature

8am First Floor Spaces Morning Afternoon Night Illuminance Level
(8am) (3pm) (9pm)
The morning sun shines in bedroom 1and into porch from left side. Master Bedroom 27.8°C 31°C 27.5°C
Bedroom 1 27°C
12pm Stairwell 28°C 31°C 27.8°C
Wardrobe 28°C
During the afternoon, the sun is right on top of my house, hence Bedroom2 26.8°C 28°C 28°C
resulting in direct heat gain from the roof. 27.5°C 30.6°C
Spaces 27.5°C 30.6°C Night (9pm) Measured Time Kitchen
6pm 3:00 pm
Living Room-1 Morning Afternoon 28°C Measured Date
During evening, sun shines in the building at the back, hence the Living Room-2 (8am) (3pm) 27°C 31st May 2021
back of the building gets more heat. 27.8°C 29°C 28°C
Ground Study Room 28°C Toilet Wardrobe
Floor Dining Area 27°C 28°C 27.5°C
Dining Study Bedroom 2
Kitchen 28°C 28°C Area Room
28°C 30°C
27.8°C 31°C Bathroom
Toilet
Living Room-2 Stairwell

Stairwell

Kitchen

Wardrobe Dining Toilet Study Living Room-1
Bright
Bedroom 2 Master Bedroom1
250 lux Bedroom
Area Room

Bathroom Stairwell Stairwell
Toilet
Living Room- 2

Master Bedroom1 Living Room- 1 Warmer 31°C and above Porch
Bedroom Cooler 26°C-27°C
0 lux
Porch Measured Time Dark
Ground Floor Plans 3:00 pm
Overview
Measured Date
31st May 2021 At 3pm, that is the hottest period for the bedroom 2 and wardrobe
as the afternoon sun shines in and there are few window openings.
First Floor Plans Shading devices is suggested to be added there. Next, there is no
direct sunlight shining through living room-2 and study room, thus
the fluorescent lights are always needed to be switched on
whenever we need to use the spaces.

Overview

Due to the large roof of the porch, the living is considered
chill. Stairwell is the coolest spaces among all because the
space is totally covered and it is a double volume space,
therefore, the ventilation over there is good too. Based on the
data collected, the temperature of porch, kitchen, master
bedroom, bedroom1,2, and wardrobe change dramatically
during daytime and night.

FAÇADE PROFILE

U-Value of Roof Thickness (m) Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Resistance (m2K/W) U-Value of Wall Thickness (m) Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Resistance (m2K/W)
- - 0.040 - - 0.040
Layers 0.015 Layers 0.063
External Surface 0.012 0.798 0.180 External Surface 0.01 0.16 0.028
- - 0.040 0.02 0.71 0.167
Terra-cotta - - 1.250 Paint Finish 0.14 0.84 0.028
Loft Space(Air gap) 0.875 Wall Plaster 0.02 0.71 0.063
0.050 0.040 0.060 Brick Wall 0.01 0.16 0.013
Water proofing 0.035 0.040 0.013 Wall Plaster 0.401
Insulation 0.015 0.250 2.473 Paint Finish - - 2.494
0.404 Internal Surface Total Resistance (m2K/W)
Timber Frame - -
Plaster Ceiling Board Total Resistance (m2K/W) U-Value (W/m2K)

Internal Surface U-Value (W/m2K)

UBBL Clause 38A - Energy efficiency in buildings U-Value of Window Thickness (m) Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Resistance (m2K/W)
(2) The roof for all buildings (residential and non-residential) shall not have a thermal transmittance (U-value) greater - - 0.040
than Layers 0.090
a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2 ) weight roof; External Surface 0.01 0.96 0.040
b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2 ) weight roof, unless provided with other shading or cooling means. Tempered Glass - - 0.17
Internal Surface 5.88
Overview Total Resistance (m2K/W)
U-Value (W/m2K)
According to UBBL Clause 38A, the u-value of a lightweight roof shall not greater than 0.4 W/m2K. Thus,
my roof has a well performance in resisting the heat transmission. However, the u-value of my window is
high, thus the heat transmission is high, master bedroom, bedroom 1, bedroom 2 and wardrobe are hot
during the afternoon, hence more energy is required to maintain comfortable conditions inside the building.

Terracotta Clay Roofing 200mm External Brick Timber Frame Roof Trusses
wall with plaster and
paint finished on both
sides

Bedroom1 Stairwell Bedroom2 RC Slab

Windows at master Porch Living Room Study Room Kitchen
bedroom and bedroom
(from front elevation) RC Column Section

Front Elevation

ENERGY LOAD PROFILE

INVENTARY TABLE

Spaces Appliances Amount Power(W) Hours of Usage/day Energy Usage (kWh) Hours of Usage/day Energy Usage (kWh) Weekly Energy Usage (kWh)
[Ax5+Bx2]
1 90 Weekdays (A) 1.08 Weekend (B)
Living Room ceiling fan 2 9 12 0.045 13 1.17 7.74
LED light bulb 1 5 5 0.045 0.315
2HP air conditioner 2 1900 1 1.9 3
fluorescent light 2ft 1 10 10 0.1 10 5.7 20.9
fluorescent light 4ft 1 20 15 0.3 15 0.1 0.7
stand fan 1 75 1 0.075 1 0.3 2.1
oppo charger 1 5 2 0.01 2 0.075
television 1 80 0.84 14 0.01 0.525
astro ultrabox 1 30 10.5 0.315 14 1.12 0.07
wifi router 18 10.5 0.432 24 0.42 6.44
1 0.432
1 1800 24 2.415
1 2200 3.024
1 2000
Kitchen kettle 1 3000 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.63
big kettle 1 2000 0.67 1.474 0.67 1.474 10.318
washing mechine 1
baker 1 200 1 2 2 4 18
refridgerator 20 0 0 0 0 0
rice cooker 1 33 24 0.816 24 0.816
fluorescent light 4ft 0.67 0.134 0.67 0.134 5.712
exhaust fan 1 20 6 0.12 6 0.12 0.938
1 1 0.033 1 0.33
1 20 0.84
1 900 0.825
1 22.5
Toilet fluorescent light 4ft 2 0.04 2 0.04 0.28
1 70
fluorescent light 4ft 1 20 2 0.04 2 0.04 0.28
1HP air conditioner 1 7 6.3
Master Bedroom oppo charger 1 20 8 0.18 7 6.3 44.1
Master Bedroom Toilet ceiling fan 1 65 0.5 0.035
fluorescent light 4ft 1 40 9 0.18 8 0.18 1.26
1 40
1 0.5 0.035 0.245
1
2 70 9 0.18 1.26
1 900
fluorescent light 4ft 1 8 0.16 8 0.16 1.12
laptop 5 18 1.17
desk lamp 1 18 1.17 8.19
air purifier 1 20 2 0.08
LED nightlight 70 6 0.24 2 0.08 0.56
ceiling fan 2 900 6 0.006
Bedroom 1 1HP air conditioner 24 1.68 6 0.24 1.68
iphone charger adaptor 1 4000 4.5 4.05
1 10 3 0.015 6 0.06 0.15

1 1000 24 1.68 11.76
1 20
4.5 4.05 28.35
4 20
1 100 3 0.015 0.105

fluorescent light 4ft 20 00 0 00
ceiling fan 880 1 0.07
Bedroom 2 1HP air conditioner 00 1 0.07 0.49
9
115 0 00

Bathroom water heater 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.75
fluorescent light 2ft 3 0.06 3 0.06 0.42

Wardrobe iron 9 0.18 9 0.18 1
fluorescent light 4ft 3 0.3
3 0.3 0.56

Dining Room fluorescent light 4ft 00 0 0 1.26
wall mounted fan 00 0 0 2.1
0
Study Room fluorescent light 4ft 13 0.117 13 0.117 0
air conditioner 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
Porch LED light bulb 1 0.16 0
wall mounted fan 0 1.17 1 0.07 0.819
0.08 Total Energy Usage/day 0 0
Total Energy Usage/day 24.917
31.543 187.671

Total Energy Usage/week





ENERGY LOAD PROFILE

Occupants Behaviour

Electricity Bill Calculation Electricity Bill

Block Pro-Rate 17/5/2021-16/6/2021
(kWh)
Block Tariff (kWh) Rate (RM) Amount (RM)

1-200 200 0.218 43.60 Father Mother Elder Sister Me
0.334 33.40
201-300 100 0.516 154.80 Working Adult Housewife Working Adult University Student
0.546 123.94
0.571 0.00 Occupant Not around at home Go to market at the Always stay at home
355.74 Introduction during daytime morning,
301-600 300
Activities planting, cooking, Attending online class,
involved doing assignments
601-900 227 Watching movie, doing watching dramas, doing Not around at home (bedroom1)
Occupant Most office stuff (living room) house chores (kitchen, during the observation
Used
living room) period
Appliances
900 - onwards 0 TV, laptop, Air TV, oven, washing Laptop, Air conditioner,
conditioner machine desk lamp
Total 827

Active Ground Floor First Floor
areas in
Details Non-taxable Taxable Total different Doing assignment
827 timing Fluorescent light,
Usage (kWh) 600 227 355.74 Watching news, ceiling fan, laptop, air
231.80 123.94 -16.54 Night movie conditioner
RM -4.54 Afternoon Sleeping
Rebat -12 339.20 Morning TV, fluorescent light, Air conditioner,
ICPT(RM0.02/kWh) 7.44 air conditioner charger
5.43 Activity
Monday -
351.79 Saturday

Total Usage (RM) 219.80 119.40

Tax (6%) Having lunch
Fluorescent light,
KWTBB (1.6%) stand fan

Total Bill of the Month (RM) Cooking, Baking
Fluorescent light,
wall mounted fan

Estimated Usage per Estimated Energy Planting
Day Cost per Day
Watching Doing assignment
26.68 kWh RM 11.35 news, movie
Fluorescent light,
Sunday TV, fluorescent light, ceiling fan, laptop, air
air conditioner conditioner

Sleeping
Air conditioner,
charger

Cooking, Baking

Fluorescent light,
wall mounted fan

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN

Time of day Average Energy Average Energy ENERGY HOURLY USAGE Comparison of Energy Hourly Usage
Demand (kW) on Demand (kW) on on weekday and weekend
0:00 There is a slight increase as my During 3 to 4pm, the line rises as it is
1:00 Weekday Weekend dad usually wakes up early and hot in the house during the period and preparing dinner and soon
2:00 1.716 1.716 he will switch on tv to watch the energy consumption is higher having dinner together,
3:00 news before going to office. during weekend as my dad usually watching movie.
4:00 1.226 1.226 switches on the air conditioner while
5:00 1.591 1.591 Two air conditioners are being watching movies in the living room. Two air conditioners at first
6:00 1.102 1.102 used during this period. floor are being used during
7:00 1.102 1.102 Mom starts cooking this period.
8:00 1.380 1.380 lunch.
9:00 0.480 0.480
10:00 0.522 0.577
11:00 0.808 0.868
12:00 0.267 0.267
13:00 0.227 0.227
14:00 0.657 0.767
15:00 0.207 0.407
16:00 0.352 0.462
17:00 0.727 2.737
18:00 1.287 3.187
19:00 0.417 0.417
20:00 0.420 0.420
21:00 0.779 0.699
22:00 4.405 6.405
23:00 2.616 2.616
0.493 0.493
0.938 0.938
1.448 1.448

Spaces Average Energy Average Energy Comparison of Energy Consumption in
Demand (kW) on Demand (kW) on different spaces on weekday and weekend

Weekday Weekend Overview
9.372
Living Area 5.097 6.667 The average energy consumption on weekend is higher
0.04 than weekday. However, there is not much difference on
Kitchen 4.667 the energy consumption in each spaces. The changes will
6.735 be only because my dad does not go to office during
Toilet 0.04 thus there are the energy consumption at kitchen and
7.401 living area changes. During weekends, my mom does
Master 6.735 0.07 more house chores, and my dad stays in the living room
Bedroom 0.31 and enjoy the movies.
0.48
Bedroom 1 7.401
0
Bedroom 2 0.07 0.117

Woredrobe 0.31

Dining Room 0.48

Study Room 0

Porch 0.117

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN Comparison of Top 10 Energy Consuming
Electrical Appliance on weekday and weekend
4% 2% 4% 3%
TV WiFi Router Overview Fluorescent Light Refrigerator

5% 2% The ranking of the electrical appliances has a slight 4% 2%
Fluorescent Light Astro Ultrabox change between weekday and weekend. For example, TV WiFi Router
washing machine becomes to be the second top energy
2% consuming appliance as we usually wash the curtains and 5% 42%
Wall mounted Fan blankets during weekends. Furthermore, my dad stays at Laptop 2HP Air Conditioner
home during weekends, thus the energy consumption of
6% the TV increased. 6%
Laptop Kettle

7%
Kettle

Energy Energy
Consumption
Electrical Appliances (kWh)/day Electrical Appliances Consumption 6%
(kWh)/day 1HP Air Conditioner
1HP air conditioner 10.35 2HP air conditioner
ceiling fan 2.87 washing mechine 10.35
2HP air conditioner 1.90 ceiling fan
big kettle 1.47 1HP air conditioner 4.00
laptop 1.17 big kettle
9% fluorescent light 4ft 1.08 laptop 2.96
2HP Air Conditioner television 0.84 television
50% wifi router 0.43 fluorescent light 4ft 1.47 12%
14% 1HP Air Conditioner astro ultrabox 0.32 refridgerator 1.47 Ceiling Fan
Ceiling Fan wall mounted fan wifi router
0.30 1.17 16%
Washing Machine
1.11

1.08

0.80

0.43

Top 10 Energy Consuming Electrical Appliance Usage Per Day (Hours) 11.5
Number of Days Used Per Month (Days) 31
Bar chart below indicates the top 10 electrical appliance that consume the most energy
among the others in a week. Average Cost Per kWh (RM/kWh) 0.3976

72.45kWh Wattage (Watt) 900W

20.90kWh 20.24kWh 18.00kWh Calculation of energy cost of 1HP Air-conditioners/month

Watt-hours Per Day Device : 900 (w) x 11.5 (hr)
= 10350 (Wh) per Day

Daily energy consumption : 10350 / 1000 = 10.35 kwh
Usage Over a Month : 10.35 x 31 (Days)

= 320.85 (kWh/Month)
Energy cost: 320.85 (kwh) x RM0.3976/kwh

= RM127.57 per month for 1HP Air conditioners only

10.32kWh 8.19kWh 6.44kWh 5.71kWh 5. 46kWh 3.02kWh Overview Estimated Usage Per Day Estimated Charge Per Day Estimated Charge Per Month

The bar chart implies that the major (kWh) (RM) (RM)
activities in my house. The air conditioners
apply the most energy among all the 10.70 4.25 127.57
electrical appliance in my house.
As there are two units of actively used air conditioners, therefore
the energy cost 1 unit of a 1HP air conditioner is estimated to be
RM 63.38.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Water Bill Ways to Reduce Energy Consumption

No meter Date Reading Rate of Solar Water
D11AN19147 Consumption Heating Panel
26-4-2021 2930
29-05-2021 2950 (m3) The solar panels convert almost up
to 80% radiation into the heat
20 energy without making use of any
external fuels.
Days 34 Day
Keep it clean and
Block Tariff (m3) Per Unit Charge Total (RM) Be Effective
(RM)
0-20 0.60 12 Wash the air conditioner filter regularly
21-35 - for more efficient performance.
Over 35 0.95 - Besides, to wash kettle frequently too
12 thus maintaining its boiling
1.45 performance.

Total (RM) Power down

State : Malacca To always be alert and switch off
electrical appliance when it’s not being
Calculation used. For example, the lights in toilet
and the phone charger.
Average Daily Consumption Per Person
Motion Sensor
20m3 x 1000
= 34 days x 3people It ensures that the light automatically
comes on when it senses motion and
= 196.08 liters per person/day heat, thus the power consumption
becomes lower.
Total Energy Usage & CO2 Emissions /month

Electricity Usage Water Usage Transportation Usage

CO2 Emissions: CO2 Emissions: CO2 Emissions:

557.4 kgCO2 83.8 kgCO2 202.45 kgCO2

827 kWh/month 20m3/month RM /month

ENERGY SYSTEM AND ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL REFERENCE

Building Fixtures M. (n.d.-b). Energy Calculator. Welcome to MyTNB Portal. Retrieved June 26, 2021,
from https://www.mytnb.com.my/energy-efficiency/home-energy-savings-tips/home-
Movable Vertical Fins/Louvers energy-calculator

It helps to achieve 80°C-90°C solar gain Mudhakkir, A. (2019, December 17). How Much Does Water Cost in
reduction. Hence to propose to apply it on the Malaysia? RinggitPlus. https://ringgitplus.com/en/blog/household-budgeting/how-much-
windows at bedroom 2 and wardrobe to chill does-water-cost-in-malaysia.html
out the space from afternoon sun.
Volvo Green Planet. (n.d.). Volvo Cars. Retrieved June 26, 2021,
from https://www.volvocars.com/my/greenplanet-
low?gclid=Cj0KCQjw_dWGBhDAARIsAMcYuJzjjt8gxz5gWofuF34r3P5JWjvnJYj5cihZXkoX
9iA8kzkURT37c24aAigyEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

Average Weather in May in Malacca, Malaysia - Weather Spark. (n.d.). Weather Spark.
Retrieved June 27, 2021, from https://weatherspark.com/m/114179/5/Average-
Weather-in-May-in-Malacca-Malaysia

Dahal, P. (2015, October 17). Sun Shading Devices. Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/prabaldahal/sun-shading-devices

Security check. (2020, March 3). ARE 5.0 Community.
https://are5community.ncarb.org/hc/en-us/community/posts/360039339094-Shading-
Devices

Infrared light Indoor Solar tube
Cooling
Visible light Since study room is located far from the light source, the
UV space must depend fully on the artificial light source
(fluorescent light, which is one of the major energy
consuming electrical appliances in my house). Therefore, to
propose to install solar tube on roof top to bring natural
light to study room which is located at ground floor.

Low E-Glass

It helps block infrared light from penetrating the
glass from the outside. Besides, it helps to maintain
the indoor cooling, hence the time of using the air
conditioner can be shortened.

THANK YOU