1MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM CAREFUL READING AND VOCABULARY PART PRACTICE MATERIAL FALL 2025 SET III
2TEXT IA Obesity rates have been increasing in the US for decades, but recently they have fallen, in part because of the growing popularity of the “miracle drug” semaglutide. Approved for treating obesity only in 2021, it has already had an extraordinary impact. How do semaglutide and similar drugs work? These drugs (sold as Wegovy for weight loss and Ozempic for diabetes) imitate the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This hormone promotes the feeling of fullness, or satiety, after eating and stimulates insulin production, lowering blood sugar levels. Overall, this means that these drugs reduce hunger levels, leading to reduced energy intake from food and significant weight loss for most people when used long term. The existing drugs could just be the start. With many companies racing to market rival versions of semaglutide in cheaper and easier-to-take forms, as well as mounting evidence that GLP-1 drugs can target other health conditions, the treatments could have an impact that goes beyond reversing the worldwide trend of rising obesity. B TV producer Oprah Winfrey’s special program Shame, Blame and the Weight LossRevolution has been streamed more than 4 million times since it aired in March 2024. In it, the talk show host described Ozempic as being “the relief and support and freedom” that some people have been waiting for their whole lives. This might have been easy for a billionaire like Winfrey to say. Weight-loss drugs can be game-changing for people who are obese, but getting hold of them is far from being a level playing field where everyone has a fair and equal chance. This unfair situation has cumulative effects on the differences in obesity levels between the rich and the poor. But this inequality is just one of many societal issues on the horizon. Ultra-slim beauty norms may be re-emerging, and some analysts predict changes to our collective appetite for junk food.C In the UK, only those with a body mass index of more than 35 (within the obesity range) and at least one weight-related health complication are generally eligible to receive Wegovy on the National Health Service. In the US, the use of these drugs for weight loss often isn’t covered by insurers, which means many people are paying out of pocket. With costs of roughly $1000 amonth in the US and between £150 and £200 a month in the UK, “better-off people will have access and poor people won’t,” says Margaret Steele at University College Cork, Ireland. Given the strong link that already exists between lower incomes and a higher risk of obesity, this inequality of access to GLP-1 drugs “will just cement the association between being fat and being poor”, she says. Others agree. “If we don’t make these medications available to people who can’t afford to buy them privately, then we will definitely be widening the stigma and the societal gap that we already see in obesity,” says Samantha Scholtz at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in London. D Obesity aside, a “cultural desire for thinness” will drive demand for these drugs, says FrancisFinucane at the University of Galway, Ireland.(I) In societies where being slim is prized, this may prompt people without obesity to take drugs like Ozempic, which could take them from what is considered a healthy weight to being underweight. (II) In response to Oprah Winfrey’s Ozempic special program, some researchers argued that viewers did not hear from people who were fat and happy. (III) There are already signs of a return to thinner and unhealthier looks,
3judging by some recent appearances on the red carpet. “And if the general weight of the population goes down too, so may the norms, whether that is attractive or normal or something you should strive for,” says Bjørn Hofmann at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.E More optimistically, some researchers hope that these medications may support obesity being seen as a medical condition, rather than a moral failing. “These drugs will help people to understand that obesity is a biological, physiological, metabolic problem, rather than a psychological problem or a motivational problem,” says Finucane. But there is a limit to what these drugs can do. Losing 15 per cent of body weight may take someone from having severe obesity to milder obesity. “The social prejudice of that is probably still quite strong, right?” says Andrew Steptoe at University College London. What’s more, a lack of understanding around these access issues could mean people with obesity are judged for not taking these drugs. “There might be an attitude of, ‘Why aren’t you on Ozempic?'” says Steptoe. “That, in itself, becomes a judgement in the way that some people think, ‘Why don’t you just stop eating so much?'” Obesity stigma is “pretty entrenched in our society”, he says. “I wouldn’t expect any change to happen anytime soon.”F On the other hand, GLP-1 drugs may change the landscape of obesity in a rather different way. Reports increasingly suggest they reduce “food noise”, decreasing the intensity of obsessive thoughts about eating. Ozempic “seems to take away that extra voice that’s always telling you you’re hungry”, says Steele. For instance, one trial found that people taking semaglutide not only consumed 24 per cent fewer calories, but had a reduced preference for fatty, energy-dense foods compared with participants taking a placebo. Another study found that US households with at least one person taking GLP-1 drugs purchased fewer calorie-dense processed foods and spent 9 per cent less at fast-food chains and coffee shops. Such findings prompted strategists at Barclays bank to recommend people to sell stocks in fast-food enterprises. And some researchers are optimistic that junk food outlets may start shutting their doors thanks to Ozempic, which could go some way to preventing obesity for the general population. “Your genes set the table for obesity and the environment serves it up,” says Ted Kyle at ConscienHealth, an obesity advocacy group in Pennsylvania. “This intervention has the power to influence the food environment,” says Scholtz. And then? “Our children and the generations that come after us have a better chance of not developing obesity in the first place,” she says.www.newscientist.com1. What is the function of paragraph A? a) To raise awareness about the risks related to the new drugs for obesityb) To draw attention to the amazing influence of the new weight-loss drugsc) To warn against the dangers of using obesity drugs for other purposes
42. According to paragraph B, which one of the following is true about the new weightloss drugs? a) Weight-loss drugs promise equality by having a transformative effect on society at all levels.b) Low income people’s limited access to new weight-loss drugs increases the gap between the wealthy and the poor.c) For the new weight-loss drugs to be effective, the public’s appetite for junk foods should be reduced.3. How does paragraph B relate to paragraph C? a) Paragraph B describes the effects of a new product on the public and paragraph C opposes this idea by providing facts and figures.b) Paragraph B discusses the negative effects of a new product and paragraph C gives financial solutions that could reduce the negative effects.c) Paragraph B gives a warning about the effects of a new product and paragraph C presents the evidence that supports this warning.4. Which one of the following statements does not belong in paragraph D?a) (I)b) (II)c) (III)5. Which one of the following best reflects Andrew Steptoe’s opinion about weight-loss drugs stated in paragraph E?a) When weight loss drugs are very effective, the society becomes free from the prejudice against obesity.b) Milder forms of obesity don’t attract as much negative judgement as severe obesity.c) The feeling of shame associated with obesity won’t disappear from society for a long time. 6. Which one of the following is mentioned in paragraph F as a positive outcome of GLP 1 drugs?a) The growing popularity of obesity drugs can cause important losses in fast food companies’ market share.b) Decrease in the consumption of processed food can lead to an increase in the variety of healthy food available to the public.c) These drugs will affect the genes positively and reduce the occurrence of obesity in future generations.
57. What does the word “entrenched” in the text mean?a) Firmly establishedb) Widely recognizedc) Commonly misunderstoodTEXT IIA The ingredients for life are spread throughout the universe. While Earth is the only known place in the universe with life, detecting life beyond Earth is a major goal of modern astronomy and planetary science. Thanks in large part to next-generation telescopes like James Webb, researchers will soon be able to measure the chemical makeup of atmospheres of planets around stars outside our solar system. The planets that orbit another star outside the solar system are called exoplanets. The hope is that one or more of these planets will have a chemical signature of life. Life might exist in the solar system where there is liquid water – like the subsurface aquifers on Mars or in the oceans of Jupiter’s moon Europa. However, searching for life in these places is incredibly difficult, as they are hard to reach and detecting life would require sending a probe (a spacecraft that travels through space to explore and gather data) that would return to Earth with physical samples. Many astronomers believe there is a good chance that life exists on planets orbiting other stars, and it is possible that is where life will first be found.B There are many known exoplanets in habitable zones – orbits not too close to a star that thewater boils off but not so far that the planet is frozen solid. Theoretical calculations suggest that there are around 300 million potentially habitable planets in the Milky Way galaxy alone and several habitable Earth-sized planets within only 30 light-years of Earth – essentially humanity’s galactic neighbors. So far, astronomers have discovered over 5,000 exoplanets, including hundreds of potentially habitable ones, using indirect methods that measure how a planet affects its nearby star. These measurements can give astronomers information on the mass and size of an exoplanet, but not much else.C Every material absorbs certain wavelengths of light. To detect life on a distant planet, astrobiologists will study starlight that has interacted with a planet’s surface or atmosphere. If the atmosphere or surface was transformed by life, the light may carry a clue, called a “biosignature.” (I) For the first half of its existence, Earth had an atmosphere without oxygen, even though it hosted simple, single-celled life. (II) That changed abruptly 2.4 billion years ago when a new family of algae evolved. The algae used a process of photosynthesis that produces free oxygen – oxygen that isn’t chemically bonded to any other element. (III) From that time on, Earth’s oxygen-filled atmosphere has left a strong and easily detectable biosignature on light that passes through it.
6D When light bounces off the surface of a material or passes through a gas, certain wavelengths of the light are more likely to remain trapped in the gas or material’s surface than others. This selective trapping of wavelengths of light is why objects are different colors. Leaves are green because chlorophyll is particularly good at absorbing light in the red and blue wavelengths. As light hits a leaf, the red and blue wavelengths are absorbed, leaving mostly green light to bounce back into your eyes. The patterns of absorbed and reflected light are determined by the specific composition of the material the light interacts with. Because of this, astronomers can learn something about the composition of an exoplanet’s atmosphere by measuring the specific color of light that comes from a planet.E This method can be used to recognize the presence of certain atmospheric gases that are associated with life – such as oxygen or methane – because these gasses leave very specific signatures in light. However, it takes an incredibly powerful telescope to detect these subtlechanges to the light coming from a potentially habitable exoplanet. For now, the only telescope capable of such an achievement is the new James Webb Space Telescope. As it began science operations in July 2022, James Webb took a reading of the spectrum of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-96b. The spectrum showed the presence of water and clouds, but a planet as large and hot as WASP-96b is unlikely to host life. However, this early data shows that James Webb is capable of detecting weak chemical signatures in light coming from exoplanets. In the coming months, Webb is set to turn its mirrors toward TRAPPIST-1e, a potentially habitable Earth-sized planet just 39 light-years from Earth.F Webb can look for biosignatures by studying planets as they pass in front of their host stars and capturing starlight that filters through the planet’s atmosphere. But Webb was not designed to search for life, so the telescope is only able to scrutinize a few of the nearest potentially habitable worlds. It also can only detect changes to atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. While certain combinations of these gasses may suggest life, Webb is not able to detect the presence of free oxygen, which is the strongest signal for life.G Concepts for future, even more powerful, space telescopes include plans to block the bright light of a planet’s host star to reveal the light reflected back from the planet. This idea is similar to using your hand to block sunlight to better see something in the distance. Future space telescopes could use small, internal masks or large, external, umbrella-like spacecraft to do this. Once the starlight is blocked, it becomes much easier to study light bouncing off a planet. There are also three enormous, ground-based telescopes currently under construction that will be able to search for biosignatures: the Giant Magellan Telescope, the Thirty Meter Telescope and the European Extremely Large Telescope. Each is far more powerful than existing telescopes on Earth, and despite the handicap of Earth’s atmosphere distorting starlight, these telescopes might be able to probe the atmospheres of the closest worlds for oxygen.www.theconversation.com
78. According to paragraph A, what makes the search for life in the solar system difficult?a) The measurement of the chemical makeup of these planets’ atmospheresb) The necessity to have physical samples brought back from the planetc) The challenge of sending astronauts that would gather data on the planet9. What can we infer from paragraph B about habitable exoplanets?a) Astronomers’ measurements of size and mass are not sufficient to detect life on an exoplanet.b) Astronomers have found that among thousands of exoplanets there are some that give signals of life.c) Earth-sized planets that are 30 light-years away are habitable despite being too cold or too hot.10. Where does the following sentence belong in paragraph C? Earth’s biosignature was very weak during this early era.a) (I)b) (II)c) (III) 11. According to paragraphs D, what is the importance of light interacting with a planet? a) The surface of a planet absorbs more light if there are biological markers of life.b) If a planet has an oxygen-filled atmosphere that indicates life, a blue light is reflected.c) Specific colors of light that come from a planet are clues to the existence of life.12. How does paragraph E relate to paragraph F?a) Paragraph F shows how the new telescope presented in paragraph E can go very far in research in astrobiology.b) Paragraph F predicts the future contributions of a recently developed telescope described in paragraph E. c) Paragraph F introduces the limitations of a powerful telescope welcomed as a groundbreaking invention in paragraph E.
813. According to paragraph G, what will be an important feature of a future space telescope?a) The capacity to reduce the brightness of the sunlight in order to better observe the space from the Earth.b) The ability to block the bright light from the host star to see better the light coming from the planet.c) The ability to get closer to the planet by using a huge spacecraft that can detect light reflected from that planet.14. What does the word “subtle” in the text mean?a) continuousb) similarc) slight15. What does the word “scrutinize” in the text mean?a) observeb) inspectc) exposeTEXT IIIA Around the world, revolutionary changes are under way in transportation. More electric vehicles are on the road, people are taking advantage of sharing mobility services such as Uber and Lyft, and the rise in telework (working from home) during the pandemic has shifted the way people think about commuting. Transportation is a growing source of the global greenhouse gas emissions that are driving climate change, accounting for 29% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. The systemic changes under way in the transportation sector could begin lowering that. However, will they reduce emissions enough?B In a report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released in April 2022, scientists examined the latest research on efforts to mitigate climate change. The report concludes that falling costs for renewable energy and electric vehicle (EV) batteries, in addition to increased adoption of these technologies, have slowed the growth of climate change in the past decade. But deep and immediate cuts are necessary. Emissions will have to peak by 2027 to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius, a Paris Agreement goal, the report says. The transportation chapter of the report states that deep and forceful changes could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions from transportation by 80% to 90% of current levels by 2050. That sort of drastic reduction would require a major, rapid rethinking of how people get around globally.
9C All-electric vehicles have grown dramatically since the Tesla Roadster and Nissan Leaf arrived on the market a little over a decade ago, following the popularity of hybrids. In 2021 alone, the sales of electric passenger vehicles doubled worldwide to 6.6 million, about 9% of all car sales that year. ____________.They include California’s Zero Emission Vehicle regulation, which requires automakers to produce a certain number of zero-emission vehicles based on their total vehicles sold in California; the European Union’s CO2 emissions standards for new vehicles; and China’s New Energy Vehicle policy, all of which have helped push EV adoption to where we are today. Beyond passenger vehicles, many micro-mobility options – such as scooters and bikes – as well as buses, have been electrified.D An important aspect to remember about electrifying the transportation system is that its ability to cut greenhouse gas emissions ultimately depends on how clean the electricity grid -the network of power stations, power lines and electricity infrastructure- is. China, for example, is aiming for 20% of its vehicles to be electric by 2027, but its electric grid is still heavily reliant on coal. There are many developing and potentially promising benefits of electro-mobility when combined with the power system that uses renewable energy. Renewable energy cannot always consistently produce energy at all hours of the day. This is called the intermittency of renewables. In such cases, the batteries within electric vehicles have the potential to act as storage devices for the grid and help in stabilizing the intermittency of renewable resources in the power sector.E Other areas of transportation are more challenging to electrify. Larger and heavier vehicles generally aren’t as conducive to electrification because the size and weight of the batteries needed rapidly becomes unsustainable. Ships that can connect to electric power in port can avoidburning fuel that produces greenhouse gases and pollution. For some heavy-duty trucks, ships and airplanes, alternative fuels such as hydrogen, advanced biofuels and synthetic fuels are being explored as replacements for fossil fuels. Most aren’t economically feasible yet, and substantial advances in the technology are still needed to ensure they are either low- or zero-carbon.F While new fuel and vehicle technologies are often highlighted as de-carbonization solutions, behavioral and other systemic changes will also be needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions dramatically from this sector. We are already in the middle of these changes. One of these is telecommuting. During the pandemic, the explosion of teleworking and video conferencing reduced travel, and, with it, emissions associated with commuting. While some of that will rebound, telework is likely to continue for many sectors of the economy. Another one is sharedmobility. (I) New policies such as the California Clean Miles Standard are helping to push companies to use cleaner vehicles. Some shared mobility options, like bike and scooter sharing programs, can get more people out of vehicles entirely. (II) Car-sharing and on-demand services such as Uber and Lyft also have the potential to reduce emissions if their services tend to use carpooling, with each driver picking up multiple passengers. Unfortunately, there is a lot of uncertainty about the impact of these services. (III) They might also increase vehicle use and, with it, greenhouse gas emissions.
10G Another systemic change involves urban planning and design. Transportation in urban areas is responsible for approximately 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Efficient city planning and land use can reduce travel demand and shift transportation modes, from cars to public transport. The strategies that avoid urban sprawl and discourage personal car ownership are also very helpful. These improvements not only decrease greenhouse gas emissions, but can decrease congestion, air pollution and noise, while improving the safety of transportation systems. Much of the uncertainty in how much technological change and other systemic shifts in transportation affects global warming is related to the speed of transition. The IPCC report includes several potential scenarios for how much improvements in transportation will be able to cut emissions. On average, the scenarios indicate that the carbon intensity of the transportation sector would need to decrease by about 50% by 2050 and as much as 91% by 2100 when combined with a cleaner electricity grid to stay within the 1.5-degree Celsius target for global warming. These decreases would require a complete reversal of current trends of increasing emissions in the transportation sector, but the recent advances in transportation provide many opportunities to meet this challenge.www.theconversation.com 16. According to paragraph A, which one of the following is true about greenhouse gas emissions? a) Electric vehicles, sharing transport and telework have already reduced greenhouse gas emissions.b) Transportation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the US. c) The US has lowered its total amount of greenhouse gas emissions. 17. According to paragraph B, what still needs to be done in order to significantly decrease global gas emissions? a) Reduction in the costs of renewable energyb) Increase in the use of electric vehicle batteriesc) Major changes in the global transportation system18. Which one of the following statements fits best in the blank in paragraph C?a) Strong governmental policies have encouraged the production of electric vehicles.b) Electric versions of pickups and SUVs could be game-changers for the emissions.c) As the cost of EV batteries decreases, these transportation options will become affordable.
1119. It can be concluded from paragraph D that an electrified transportation system is not very effective in cutting greenhouse emissions when ________. a) the power infrastructure is dependent on non-renewable energyb) renewables cause interruptions in the production of energyc) existing EVs switch to burning fuel because of weak batteries20. Which one is not mentioned in paragraph E as a problem in the use of clean energy? a) The size and weight of the batteries neededb) Connecting vehicles to electric power in portsc) The high cost of producing alternative fuels 21. Which sentence does not belong in paragraph F?a) (I)b) (II)c) (III) 22. According to paragraph G, which one best reflects the writer’s opinion on the impact of the changes in transportation? a) The target set for global warming is not realistic because of the insufficient changes in transportation.b) The speed of transition to cleaner electricity grids is too slow to affect the transportation sector.c) The new developments in transportation have a chance to decrease emissions to a desired level.23. What does the word “sprawl” in the text mean? a) reversalb) extensionc) crowding
12TEXT IVA “A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!” In “Pride and Prejudice” Jane Austen did not have to explain to the 19th-century reader what Mr. Bingley’s “four or five thousand a year” meant, or why it excited Mrs. Bennet. It was obvious: Mr. Bingley was an heir and the surest way to get rich was not by working hard but by marrying the right person. Fast-forward to today, and rich countries are starting to look like Austen’s world. In ways that will overturn the economy and society, inheritance is back.B Some recent research has gathered academic estimates on the annual “inheritance flow”—the value of what people pass on to heirs in art, cash, properties and the like—for a range of rich developed countries (including the US, some European countries and Japan). In 1900 inheritances were worth over 20% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (the monetary value of final goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time) in some countries, as people passed on vast financial portfolios and properties. The value of inheritances then fell in the 20th century, before more recently roaring back. By the end of the 2010s inheritances were worth, on average, 10% of GDP. This year people across the rich world has inherited approximately $6 trillion.C In many countries the share of wealth that comes from inheritance is also rising. According to Union Bank of Swiss (UBS), in 2023, 53 people became billionaires by inheriting money, close to the 84 who did so by working. As a share of national output, annual French inheritances have doubled since the 1960s. Germany’s have almost tripled since the 1970s. In Britain they are twice as important, relative to earnings, for those born in the 1980s as for the generation before. Inheritances in Italy are now worth more than 15% of GDP. In America today, for every $100 employers pay a year in wages, the dead leave behind $20. These figures point to the rising trend of inheritocracy, which is defined as a system in which the power is inherited, along with large sums of money and property. Moreover, such figures, striking though they are, don’t show the real scale of the shift to an inheritocracy. The average family size has fallen sharply in recentyears. A given inheritance is therefore spread over fewer people. Using British data, we estimate that in recent decades falling birth rates have raised the amount going to the average heir by some £60,000 ($75,000), or 24%. Having a brother or sister might be nice, but they come at a price.D Falling inheritance taxes also increase the share of the wealth that an heir can keep. In the early 20th century, revenues from death duties (tax on a person's money and possessions when they die) accounted for a sizeable chunk of the total amount of money collected in tax in America and Britain. But in the latter part of the century, politicians turned against the taxes. Some were persuaded by lobbying. Others feared that, in a globalized world, taxes on wealth would prompt rich people to go and live in another country. Today death duties account for well under 1% of government revenues across rich countries. Several places, including Australia, Canada, India, Norway and Russia, have abolished them entirely. Many in America would very much like their government to do the same. More than 20 American states discarded their wealth-transfer taxes between 1976 and 2000.
13E The rise of the inheritocracy reflects three factors: increasing wealth, changing demography and slower economic growth. After the first and second world wars, the value of wealth, relative to national income, collapsed. Many of Europe’s buildings were destroyed. High inflation eroded the value of cash and government bonds. Politicians developed a taste for heavy wealth taxes and nationalization. Many wealthy families, including the Vanderbilts, who were the richest family in the US in the second half of the 19th century, lost their fortunes. Since then housing, in particular, has become more valuable, partly owing to restrictive planning policies, which constrain supply. The value of buildings owned by Britons has risen from just over £1trn (130% of GDP) in the mid-1990s to just under £7trn (270% of GDP) in recent years. Wealth taxes are out of favor, stockmarkets have performed fantastically, while inflation, at least until recently, has been low. Because of the rise of wealth managers, the rich have become better at avoiding the fate of the Vanderbilts.F The second factor is demography. (I) Baby-boomers (born between 1946-64) have soaked up wealth, having come of age just at the point when house prices and stock markets started climbing. (II) According to our calculations, baby-boomer deaths will rise until 2036, when in America 1.5m of them will pass away. Germans aged over 65, who make up a fifth of the population, own a third of the country’s wealth. American baby-boomers, also a fifth of their country’s population, own half of its net wealth, or $82trn. (III) Now the boomers are starting to die, leaving large estates to their heirs.G Economic growth is the third factor. In 2014 Thomas Piketty of the Paris School of Economics and Gabriel Zucman, of the London School of Economics, presented evidence that slow-growing countries accumulate more wealth, measured in relation to national income. People add to savings at a fairly consistent rate, but GDP rises less quickly. In recent years, owing to weak growth in both populations and productivity, rich-world GDP growth has slowed markedly. According to our data, the fastest-growing countries, such as America and Ireland, appear to be less afflicted by inheritocracy compared with the slowest, such as Germany and Italy. The inheritance boom may, in turn, reinforce the trend towards slower economic growth. Just as in Honoré de Balzac’s time, the best way to get rich is increasingly not to work hard, but to marry well. In the 21st century, the incomes of the top 1% of French inheritors are once again higher than those of the top 1% of workers. The economic implications may be big. If people focus on matchmaking, rather than starting a company, innovation will suffer. Already, across the rich world, entrepreneurship is in long-term decline.www.theeconomist.com 24. How does paragraph A relate to paragraph B?a) Paragraph A cites a 19th century novel underlining the importance of inheritance and paragraph B shows how this trend has changed in the 21st century.b) Paragraph A gives an example from 19th century clarifying the role of marriage in acquiring wealth and paragraph B contrasts it with the ways of modern society.c) Paragraph A gives a literary example illustrating the place of inheritance in the 19th-century and paragraph B draws attention to a parallel development in the 21st century.
1425. In paragraph C, which one of the following is not given as a support for the rise of “inheritocracy” in developed countries? a) Increase in the share of inheritance in GDP in Europeb) the US employees earning more than they inheritc) Higher amounts inherited by the average heir in Britain26. According to paragraph D, which one is a factor in pushing governments to reduce their wealth-transfer taxes? a) Some countries are influenced by lobbyists who promote the suppression of taxes.b) Many governments are imitating the politicians in rich countries who are against taxes.c) There is an agreement among developed countries to keep their taxes under % 1.27. According to paragraph E, which one of the following did the Vanderbilts fall victim to?a) Increased value of government bondsb) High taxes from the wealthyc) A rise in the value of housing 28. Which one of the following does not belong in paragraph F?a) (I)b) (II)c) (III)29. According to paragraph G, which one of the following is an expected consequence of inheritocracy?a) In the US and Europe, inheritors will increase the speed of the economic growth.b) In the rich world, top inheritors will invest in new companies and innovation.c) In marriage choices, inheritance will be more influential than income from work.30. What does the word afflicted in the text mean?a) distressedb) enrichedc) restricted
15CAREFUL READING AND VOCABULARY FALL 2025 SET III ANSWER KEY TEXT I1 B2 B3 C4 B5 C6 A7 ATEXT II 8 B9 A10 B11 C12 C13 B14 C15 BTEXT III16 B17 C18 A19 A20 B21 A22 C23 BTEXT IV24 C25 B26 A27 B28 B29 C30 A