Tokoh pemimpin johor (buku skrap)

Tokoh Pemimpin Johor

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil
Ibrahim Shah ibni Almarhum Temenggong

Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim

(3 February 1833 - 4 June 1895)

NAME :

Soh Zi Hao

Class :

2 Infinity

EMAIL ADDRESS:

[email protected]

SCHOOL NAME :

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan
Tunku Putra

SCHOOL ADDRESS :

Km. 12, Jln. Besar, Tongkang Pechah
83010 Batu Pahat Johor.

PENDAHULUAN

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah Ibni Al-
Marhum Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
GCMG KCSI (3 February 1833-4 June 1895) replaced his
father, Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim, to govern Johor from
1862 to 1895. He was approximately 28 years old when his
father died. He wore the title of Maharaja of Johor in 1868. He
was the Sultan of Johor of the first modern era.

Temenggung Abu Bakar is a very wise figure and ruler of
Johor. He had developed and strengthened the Johor
government under the Temenggung Dynasty and established
diplomatic relations with the Riau-Lingga government. On 1
January 1866, he changed the name of Tanjung Puteri or
Iskandar Puteri to Johor Bahru and made it the administrative
center of the Johor government. Temenggung Abu Bakar
encouraged the Chinese to open black pepper and gambier
plantations called the "Kangcu System".

Temenggung Abu Bakar has developed Johor by combining
Malay tradition with Western bureaucracy and is called the
Father of Modern Johor. His efficient and well -organized
administration was recognized by the British himself, so he
would not appoint British officials as advisers.

He had received a Western education since he was a child.
Therefore, he was greatly influenced by the Western way of
governing and administering. His Majesty has also made many
visits to European countries especially to England, to gain
experience and learn how Westerners rule and govern the
country. His wisdom earned him the respect of merchants and
the British government. He was also good friends with Queen
Victoria, the ruler of Great Britain at the time; the queen
conferred the title of Maharaja of Johor on Temenggung Abu
Bakar in 1868.

Biodata Sultan Sir Abu Bakar

Name : Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil
Ibrahim Shah Ibni Al-Marhum
Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun
Daeng Ibrahim

Father name : Raja Temenggong Tan Daeng
Ibrahim

Mother name : Miss’ Ngah

Year of birth : 3 February 1833

Place of birth : Istana Lama Teluk Belanga,
Singapura

Death ：4 Jun 1895 (Age 62)

Bailey's Hotel, South
Kensington, London, United
Kingdom

Buried : 7 September 1895
Makam Diraja Bukit
Mahmoodiah,
Johor Bahru

Religion : Islam

Son : Tunku Ibrahim Iskandar

(Tunku Mahkota Johor)

Tunku Mariam

Tunku Putri

Tunku Azizah

Tunku Fatimah

Education Of
Sultan Abu Bakar

Abu Bakar spent his childhood years in his father's kampung in
Teluk Blanga; at a young age he was tutored by local teachers on
Islam and Adat (traditional Malay law), before he was sent to the
Teluk Blanga Malay school, a mission school run by Reverend
Benjamin Peach Keasberry. Under the guidance of the missionary
teachers, Abu Bakar was observed to develop the manners of an
English gentleman, and the ability to speak fluent English in
addition to his native Malay.

Career Of
Sultan Abu Bakar

As Temenggong (1862–1868)
Abu Bakar took over the post of Temenggung Johor 3 days after his father's
death and moved his residence to the Tyersall estate (now Tyersall Park near
the Singapore Botanical Gardens). Johor was threatened with ownership
claims by the ousted Sultan Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah

As Emperor (1868–1885)
He controlled the entire province of Johor, after Sultan Ali died in 1877.
After Sultan Ali died, Tengku Alam (son of Sultan Ali) objected to the
temporary handover of Muar/Kesang to Maharaja Abu Bakar and
launched the Jementah War in 1879 but failed.

He also officiated the Johor Bahru Prison in 1883.
In 1885, Johor signed a treaty of friendship with the British government.
Through this agreement, the British government recognized Johor as an
independent and sovereign state. Maharaja Abu Bakar is also recognized
as the Sultan of Johor. He agreed to accept a British officer who served
as the British Consul in Johor and not as an adviser. The British also
agreed to protect Johor in the event of any threat from outside.

Contributio
n

When Sultan Abu Bakar reached the age of 18, Temenggung Ibrahim
sent him as a representative to negotiate with Sultan Ali who wanted
to regain his position as ruler of Johor. And when his father became
ill, Sultan Abu Bakar was slowly given the task of administering the
state of Johor. It was during this time that his diplomatic ability
gained the attention and praise of many British officials including
William Napier, his legal adviser. Napier also accompanied Sultan
Abu Bakar when he brought Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah's mother
from Lingga, Tengku Teh to Johor when the sultan was trying to gain
his sovereignty as ruler of Pahang.

When a civil war broke out between Bendahara Wan Ahmad and his
brother, Tun Mutahir in Pahang, he allied with Tun Mutahir. This was
evidenced firstly, the marriage of Sultan Abu Bakar to his daughter in
1860 and secondly, a treaty of friendship and a guarantee of support
between them a year later. After Tun Mutahir was killed in the war, his
body was buried in Bukit Timbalan, Johor Bahru. As for Sultan Abu
Bakar, he filled the post of Temenggung after his father died on 31
January 1862

Realizing that economic strength was needed to restrain Britain from
interfering in the internal affairs of Johor, he developed the Kangchu
System introduced by his father, Temenggung Ibrahim. Through the
expansion and reorganization of black pepper and gambier
cultivation, this attracted more Chinese farmers to come to Johor.
And the proceeds from their farms led to the financial stability of the
state of Johor. Sultan Abu Bakar was also aware of the presence of
many Chinese, there would definitely be an element of secret society.
Refusing to allow the Cold War situation to recur in Johor, he
recognized the Ngee Ann gang as a legitimate organization and one
of them named Tan Hiok Nee was appointed a member of the state
council. It is a bold but innovative action to ensure the state's security
and the state's economy continues to grow.

Realizing that economic strength was needed to restrain Britain from
interfering in the internal affairs of Johor, he developed the Kangchu
System introduced by his father, Temenggung Ibrahim. Through the
expansion and reorganization of black pepper and gambier cultivation,
this attracted more Chinese farmers to come to Johor. And the
proceeds from their farms led to the financial stability of the state of
Johor. Sultan Abu Bakar was also aware of the presence of many
Chinese, there would definitely be an element of secret society.
Refusing to allow the Cold War situation to recur in Johor, he
recognized the Ngee Ann gang as a legitimate organization and one of
them named Tan Hiok Nee was appointed a member of the state
council. It is a bold but innovative action to ensure the state's security
and the state's economy continues to grow.

After the Istana Besar Johor was completed in 1866, Sultan Abu
Bakar moved the capital of Johor from Singapore to Tanjung Puteri
(Johor Bahru). The palace is seen as more stately than the residence
of the Governor of the Straits Settlements and at the same time
highlights the symbol of Johor's political power. Apart from that, he
also created a bureaucratic structure and an advisory council
consisting of local Malay leaders and two Chinese leaders. Among
the council members who helped him a lot were the first Menteri
Besar of Johor, Dato Jaafar Muhammad, Dato Abdul Rahman Andak
and Dato Muhammad Salleh Perang. Apart from the establishment of
this council, Sultan Abu Bakar also created the Treasury Department,
Police Department, Land and Public Works Department, Medical
Department and Marine Department. To further streamline the
administration, he also reviewed the state law so that it is in line with
Western ideas. According to Sir Harry Ord, Governor of the Straits
Settlements in the 1870s, Sultan Abu Bakar (at that time wearing the
title of Maharaja) was the only Malay king to rule according to a
civilized nation.

Sultan Abu Bakar continued government reform by appointing four
commissioners or regional officials for the Endau, East Coast, West
Coast and Muar regions. While the rest of the area is administered by
13 residents or penghulu and two representatives for the islands in the
Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Although at first glance,
it looks like a colonial administrative system, it is actually integrated
with the idea of local administration. According to British historian,
J.M Gullick, the Johor administration was seen to be more organized,
thus killing the opportunity for Britain to interfere in the internal
affairs of Johor. Apart from that, he also built schools, hospitals,
police stations, introduced the postal service and the Johor Loyal
Deputy Army. And Johor also made history as the first Malay state to
build a railway track in 1869 but had to be canceled due to the track
built of wood being attacked by termites.

PURE VALUE

Pure Value Of Sultan Abu Bakar

Responsible Berani

Sultan Abu Bakar is very Sultan Abu Bakar was a brave
responsible to ensure that the leader because he was involved
economy of Johor grows in the field of Johor state
rapidly for the prosperity and administration at a young age.
well -being of all people

CLOSING

In early May 1895, Abu Bakar travelled to London together with his son
and successor, Tunku Ibrahim (later Sultan Ibrahim) with the hope to
mustering support and recognition of his rule. He was by then already
very ill and was already suffering from an inflammation of the kidneys
for sometime and diagnosed with Bright's disease (a type of kidney
disease).At the onstart of the voyage in early May, he became very weak,
and had to be carried aboard a ship in a wheelchair. He reached London
on 10 May, and checked into Bailey's Hotel but was bedridden
throughout his remaining days. He was not allowed to receive many
visitors, though the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Prince Arthur
paid two visits. Queen Victoria sent her personal physician, Douglas
Powell to attend to his medical needs upon receiving news of his illness.

Abu Bakar contracted pneumonia during his stay in the hotel, which led
to his demise on the evening of 4 June 1895. His body was then brought
back to Johor by an English man-of-war from Penang. A state funeral
was given to Abu Bakar, and he was laid to rest at the royal mausoleum
at Makam Mahmoodiah on 7 September 1895. His son, Tunku Ibrahim
was later installed as the Sultan of Johor in November 1895.

REFERENCE SOURCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor

https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_ib
ni_Almarhum_Raja_Temenggung_Tun_Daeng_Ibra
him

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