SULTAN SIR ABU BAKAR AL-KHALIL IBRAHIM SHAH IBNI ALMARHUM TEMENGGUNG SERI MAHARAJA TUN DAENG IBRAHIM ( 3 February 1833 - 4 June 1895 ) TOKOH PEMIMPIN JOHOR Pemimpin Johor
CLASS : 3 INFINITY EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] SCHOOL NAME : SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN TUNKU PUTRA ADDRESS : KM 12, JLN BESAR, TONGKANG PECHAH, 83010 BATU PAHAT, JOHOR. ADDRESS : 8, JALAN HARMONI 4, TMN HARMONI, TONGKANG PECHAH, 83010 BATU PAHAT, JOHOR. NAME : SOH ZI HAO
INTRODUCTION ……………………... 1 BIODATA ………………..……………. 3 EDUCATION ...………………..………. 4 CAREER ……………………………….. 5 CONTRIBUTION ….…………………... 9 PURE VALUE …………………………. 11 CLOSING …...………………………….. 13 REREFENCE SOURCE ………………...15 CONTENTS
This scrapbook was implemented to provide information about Sultan Abu Bakar. He is a legend in the history of the Sultanate of Johor. As long as I was looking for information about the deceased, I also got information about other struggle figures as well. In addition, with the creation of this scrapbook, it can add knowledge to the reader. Among them, this scrapbook can also be used as additional knowledge to obtain information about Sultan Abu Bakar. He succeeded his father as sultan in the state of Johor in the period from 1862 to 1859. He was approximately 28 years old when his father died. He assumed the title of Maharaja Johor in 1868 and was also the first Johor sultan of the modern era. His Majesty has also advanced and strengthened the government and people of Johor. In addition, His Majesty has made many visits to European countries, especially to England, to seek experience and learn how Westerners rule and administer the country. Finally, his wisdom caused him to be respected by merchants and the British government and he was also good friends with Queen Victoria, the ruler of Great Britain at the time, the queen bestowed the title of Maharaja Johor on Temenggung Abu Bakar in 1868. INTRODUCTION 01
Father name : Raja Temenggong Tan Daeng Ibrahim Year of birth : 3 February 1833 Place of birth : Istana Lama Teluk Belanga, Singapore Name : Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim Death ： 4 Jun 1895 (Age 62) Bailey's Hotel, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom. Buried : 7 September 1895 Makam Diraja Bukit , Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru Spouse : Wan Chik binti Muhammad Tahir Zubaidah binti Abdullah Fatimah binti Abdullah Khadijah Khanum Issue : Tunku Ibrahim Iskandar (Tunku Mahkota Johor) Tunku Mariam Tunku Putri Tunku Azizah Tunku Fatimah Mother name : Miss’ Ngah BIODATA 02
Administration of Johor (1862 – 1868 ) Years as Temenggong (1868 – 1885 ) Years as Maharaja (1885 – 1895 ) Years as Sultan Reign 2 February 1862 – 29 June 1868 Predecessor : Daeng Ibrahim Successor (post abolished) Maharaja of Johor Reign 30 June 1868 – 12 February 1886 Predecessor : Daeng Ibrahim Maharaja of Johor (de facto) Successor (post abolished) Sultan of Johor Reign 13 February 1886 – 4 June 1895 Coronation 29 Jul 1886 Predecessor : Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah Successor Sultan Ibrahim BIODATA 03
EDUCATION His Majesty has also made many visit England, to seek experience and learn how Westerners rule and administer the country. His wisdom caused him to be respected by merchants and the British government. Sent to Teluk Blanga Malay school, a mission school run by Reverend Benjamin Peach Keasberry. Able to speak fluent English in addition to his native Malay. At a young age, he was tutored by local teachers on Islam and traditional Malay law 04
Abu Bakar assumed office as the Temenggong of Johor within three days of his father's demise and moved his residence to Tyersall. Abu Bakar signed a treaty of friendship with Tun Koris in June 1862, and sent a small expeditionary force to Pahang to support Tun Koris when war broke out in August 1862. During the first two years of his reign, Abu Bakar expanded the kangchu system pioneered by Daeng Ibrahim. He issued Western-style contracts (termed as Surat Sungai in Malay, literally "River Documents") to the Kapitan Cina who had established riverside plantations along in Johor. Abu Bakar quickly established goodwill relations with the Kapitan Cina; a Malay administrator who could speak the Teochew dialect and read Chinese was employed for these purposes. He also employed the service of a Chinese contractor from Toisan, Wong Ah Fook, to oversee the construction of Istana Besar. Abu Bakar gave official recognition and support for the Johor branch of the Ngee Ann Kongsi, which was seen as a secret society in Singapore at that time. Abu Bakar gave generous provisions to the Kapitan Cina in recognition for their contributions to the state. In 1866, Abu Bakar designated five new ports for the registration of cargo. Abu Bakar made revisions to Johor's Islamic code in 1863, after the Sultan of Terengganu revised his state's Islamic judicial system to be more closely aligned with Sharia law. He founded an English school in Tanjung Puteri in 1864. Abu Bakar moved the administrative headquarters to Tanjung Puteri, and officially renamed it as Johor Bahru. In the early 1870s, Straits Governor Sir Harry Ord said of Abu Bakar (who became a Maharaja in 1868) that he was the "only Raja in the whole peninsula or adjoining states who rules in accordance with the practice of civilized nations." 05 ……………………………………………………………
Abu Bakar secured approval from the Governor of the Straits Settlements for his change in title, and was officially proclaimed as the Maharaja of Johor on 30 June 1868. Abu Bakar laid plans for the construction of a wooden railway between Johor Bahru and Gunung Pulai after some Europeans had raised proposals to set up a retreat and sanatorium. The Assistant UnderSecretary of the Colonial Office, Robert Meade, conceded to Abu Bakar's request for an absence of a British Resident in Johor, although Abu Bakar gave an in-principle acceptance for a British adviser in Johor (though none was appointed until 1914). ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 06
In 1885, Abu Bakar instituted the creation of a state postal and judiciary system modelled along British lines, as well as a military force, the Johor Military Forces (JMF, Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia) upon his return to Johor. He met up with Queen Victoria, who had become a personal friend of Abu Bakar, within the same course of his visit. Queen Victoria consented to his wishes, and a treaty was signed on 11 December 1885 which formalised relations between Great Britain and Johor, was concluded between Abu Bakar and the Colonial Office. Abu Bakar also founded the state advisory board in London, which was intended to oversee state interests in London. 07 …………………………………………………………………………… ………………….
The formal recognition of Abu Bakar by the British as the Sultan of Johor quickly drew criticisms among the Malays in Johor. Many Malays were coy on accepting Abu Bakar as their paramount ruler, as they were sceptical of Abu Bakar's Temenggong political origins andBuginese heritage. A proclamation ceremony was held on 13 February 1886, whereby Abu Bakar made an official announcement on his adoption of the title "Sultan" in place of "Maharaja". In the same year on 31 July, Abu Bakar instituted the first state decorations, Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat Dihormati (also translated into English as "The Most Esteemed Family Order of Johor") and the Seri Paduka Mahkota Johor (Order of the Crown of Johor). Abu Bakar promulgated the Johor State Establishment Constitution (Malay: Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor), drafted by Abdul Rahman Andak, on 14 April 1895. ………………………………………………………………………………... ………………. 08
By establishing courts, postal services and the Public Works Department. State security is also emphasized by establishing police and military forces. The modernization program in his administration making Johor the last Malay state to receive British Advisors compared to other Malay states. Having good relations with western powers, then in 1885 he made a Treaty of Friendship between Johor and the British. Through the agreement, Johor was recognized as an independent and sovereign state. 09
Who was Malay King first promulgated the Constitution of the Kingdom of Johor in 1895 which was the first written constitution in Malaya. It became the basis for the formation of the institution of the Constitutional Monarch. Continued the Kangcu System founded by Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim. Johor is the world's largest exporter of black pepper and gambir. 10
Abu Bakar signed a friendship agreement with the British government to recognize Johor as an independent and sovereign state. Foresighted 11
Enough Prestige And Wisdom Open Minded Courageous Action Abu Bakar, 18 years old, became a representative in negotiations against Sultan Ali, who made a trivial attempt to claim sovereignty over Johor. Temenggung Abu Bakar has developed Johor by combining Malay tradition with Western bureaucracy and is called the Father of Modern Johor. The Sultanate of Johor Modern has managed to rule fairly and equitably through the concept that the people come first, no race is marginalized. Responsible Abu Bakar took over the position of Temenggung Johor 3 days after his father's death and moved his majesty to the Tyersall estate 12
CLOSING ………………... .Sultan Abu Bakar died after a long illness suffering from watery lung disease on June 4, 1895 at Bailey's Hotel, South Kensington, United Kingdom. His remains were brought back to Malaya by a British warship from Penang. He was buried at Bukit Mahmoodiah Royal Cemetery, Johor Bahru, his son Tunku Ibrahim was installed as the new Sultan of Johor on 7 September 1895. There are a number of buildings named in memory of him both in Johor Bahru and in Muar that stand out because they are characterized by Victorian and Moorish architecture compared to the surrounding buildings: i. Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque - built from 1892 to 1900 ii. Sultan Abu Bakar College iii. Abu Bakar Royal Museum which includes the Johor Grand Palace itself iv. Sultan Abu Bakar Complex, where the Malaysian customs base along the Second Malaysia-Singapore Route As stated, I must instill a sense of pride and dignity in being a Johorean. Appreciating the services of previous figures should be made a culture for the citizens of the nation. Without them, we would not be able to enjoy the pleasure and freedom we have today. 13 ……………………………………..
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor https://www.thepatriots.asia/maharaja-abu-bakar-bapa-permodenan-johor https://pekhabar.com/h-i-d-s-maharaja-abu-bakar-ditabal-sebagai-sultan-johor/ https://prezi.com/p/q7mtn8_xmms8/maharaja-abu-bakar-bapa-pemodenan-johor/ https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/61/2015/03/44028/kesultanan-johor-pencetusamalan-birokrasi-moden 15 ……………………………..