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o f Tanjong Putri in the Old Strait o f Singapore, Singapore, Mission Press,
1865. (English)
Buku Daftar Surat2 Jual dan Beli, Pajak dan Gedai dan Hutang, 18 6 8-18 8 4.
Buku Daftar Surat2Jual dan Beli, Pajak dan Gadai dan Hatang, 18 8 8-18 9 5.
Undang2 Gambir-Lada, Johor Government Publication, Johor Baharu, 2 February
1872.
Kanon Ya-itu Undang Yang di-Pakai Bagai Segala Kangchu2 di dalam Da’erah
Johor, 1873.
Undang2 Kangchu, 1873. {rumi typescript)
Letterbook o f His Highness the Sultan o f Johor, 18 8 5 -18 8 8 (English).
Salinan Surat2Titah Perentah, 1 8 8 8 -1 9 1 0 (rum i transcription).
Salinan Surat2 Titah Perentah, 19 1 1 -1 9 2 0 .
Buku Peringatan Dato Mentri Johor, 18 8 8-18 9 4.

Index

1819 agreements, 61, 63 1 5 7 -8 ,1 6 1 -3 ,1 7 6 ,1 7 9 ,1 9 0 -5 ,
198-205,212
Abbas, Tun (Bendahara), 2 2 -3 , 2 7-8 , as Temenggong, 14, 2 8 ,1 2 8 , 136,
47, 90-1
138
Abdul Jalil (Sultan), 22, 2 5 -8 , 40, 47, as Sultan o f Johor, 7, 129, 196,
49, 131
206, 212
Abdul Jamal (Temenggong), 2 2-3 , Ali, Raja (Yamtuan Muda), 29, 39, 44,
27-31, 39, 47, 49, 90-2, 97
54-5, 72, 84
Abdul Majid, Tun (Bendahara of Ali, Tengku (Sultan o f Johor/Muar),
Pahang), 23, 25, 2 7-8 , 40, 47
84-5, 100,115,13 1,13 3 ,19 1
Abdul Majid, Ungku, 16 4 ,16 7 , 175-6, Ali, Tun (Bendahara o f Pahang), 83
194,211 Ampuan, Tengku, 82
Andromache, 81-2, 123
Abdul Rahman (Sultan o f Lingga), 28, Anglo-Dutch Treaty (1824), 6 7 ,6 9 ,7 5 ,
44-5, 57, 66, 68-9, 73, 97, 153
see also Treaty o f 1824
Abdul Rahman (Temenggong of Anson, Colonel Archibald (Governor
Johor), 14 -5 , 18, 2 1 -3 , 28, 31,
4 0 ,4 3 -6 ,4 9 , 53, 55-9, 61-4, o f Singapore), 191—2
66-72, 75-6, 78, 90-3,95, 104, Arong Belawa, 59, 7 1 - 2
140-1, 163, 187, 193, 209-10 Awal, Enche, 166

Abdul Rahman, Ungku, 150, 152-3, Bangka Island, 3 -4 , 1 1, 36, 53
158, 163, 167, 175-7,211 tin miners, 3, 41
tin mines, 33, 50, 53
Abdullah, Ungku, 164
Abu Bakar, 7, 1 1 6 -7 , 12 2 -3 , 127, bangsal, 106, 114

130-5, 139-48,150,152-5,

240 Index

Batu Pahat, 48, 57, 134, 143, 152, Chads, Henry Ducie (Captain), 81,
160, 16 4 ,17 6 ,17 8 , 196 123

Bendahara, office of, 22, 2 4-7 , 31 Chamber o f Commerce, 87, 140,
Bendaharas 142-3, 147, 181

o f Pahang, 23 Cheang Hong Lim, 120, 126, 148,
ofTrengganu, 23 159, 166
Bengkulu, 4, 12, 67, 7 2 -3 , 81
Bentan Island (Riau), 6, 11, 21, 24, Cheang Sam Teo, 116
33-4, 42, 47, 102, 107,120, 124 Chelak, Daing, 28, 30—2, 34
Bonham, Samuel (Governor o f
Singapore), 9, 12, 76, 78—83, as Yamtuan Muda, 33
85-6, 90, 121,210 Chinese
Borneo, 3, 11, 33, 36, 3 9 ,4 9 , 52, 77,
87, 99-101, 106, 123 capitalism, 4 -5
Braam, Jakob Van, 41 community, 103—5
British coolies, 3 3 -4 , 53, 138, 186, 208,
country traders, 35
East India Company, see East India 213-4
diaspora, 4
Company (E.I.C.) economy, 9
government, 3, 6 6-7 0, 79, 84, junks, 36—7
labour/labourers, 3—4, 6, 10
141-2, 145, 155, 158 market, 4
intervention, 80, 83, 191, 203 merchants, 4, 8, 44, 51, 80, 98,
Malaya, 1, 103, 2 0 7 -9 , 214
Resident/Residents, 69, 72, 161, 1 0 5 ,1 0 9 ,1 1 4 ,1 2 3 -4 ,1 3 5 ,
138, 208, see also taukehs
191,203 migration, 3—4, 128
settlement(s), 44, 202 settlers/settlements, 2—3, 11
at Singapore, 56, 67, 115 traders, 33, 35, 46
Brooke, James, 99, 123 trading networks, 6
Bruijn, P.G. de, 3 6 -7 Chua Chukang, 3
Bugis chukang, 42, 124, 195
chiefs, 23, 31 “Code o f Malacca”, 24
rajas, 6 Colonial Office, 9, 154, 160, 19 2 -3 ,
traders, 3 1—2, 37 199-200, 202
trading network, 6 colonial
Bulang, 23, 4 0 - 1 , 59, 6 1, 67, 71, 91, and indigenous government, 4—5
215 era, 9, 185
Strait, 53 government, 2, 212, 214
Butterworth, William J. (Governor of history, 8, 56
Singapore), 81, 8 4-5 , 87, 90, 94 policy, 20
power, 14, 204
Cavenagh, Orfeur (Governor of states, 5, 10
Singapore), 90, 133, 143 colonization, 13 -4
crash o f 1864, 14 5 -6
Castlewood Estate, 196, 205 Crawfurd, John, 6, 9, 18, 56, 62, 67—8,
7 0 ,7 2 -4 ,7 6 ,7 8 ,9 5 ,1 0 4 ,1 4 0 ,2 1 0

Index 241

Dapat bin Mohamed Salleh, Enche, Guthrie, James, 83
116-7 gutta-percha, 8 6 -8 , 90, 97, 100, 121

Dato Bentara Dalam, see Mohamed boom o f the 1840s, 212
Ibrahim bin Munshi Abdullah
Haji, Raja (Yamtuan Muda), 29, 32,
Dato Bentara Luar, see Mohamed 37-9, 44, 52
Salleh bin Perang
Hang Tuah, 25
Diana, 82, 123 Hikayat
Dutch
Johor, 85, 130,153-4
East India Company, 45, 120 Johor Serta Pahang, 49, 91, 203
Malacca, 20, 32, 38, 95 Keraja’an, 23, 40
NegeriJohor, 23, 31, 48, 50, 57
East India Company (E.I.C.), 18, 21, Horsfield, Thomas, 3, 4 1, 53
43, 61-2, 66-7, 80, 85, 95, 120, Hussain, Sultan o f Singapore (Tengku
154, 193, 207, 212-3 Long), 1, 28, 4 4 -6 , 5 5-7 , 6 1 -4 ,
66-9, 72, 75-6, 78, 84-5, 95,
Edward VII, King (Prince o f Wales), 115,210
130, 153, 200
Ibrahim, Daing (Temenggong), 6, 14,
Endau, 164, 194 18-9, 28, 57,71,75, 78-9,
River, 132, 155 81-92, 94-5, 97, 100-4,107,
111, 113, 117, 119, 121-2, 126,
Engku Muda (Temenggong of Johor),
23,28, 30-1, 3 9 -4 1,4 3 -4 , 47, 210282,,211300,-211, 21 6 3 -4 ,1 8 7 ,1 9 3 ,
50, 5 3 -4 ,6 1 ,6 9 , 74, 90, 92
Ibrahim (Sultan o f Johor), 54, 189,
entrepot, 9, 16—8, 3 2-3 , 3 5-7 , 43-4, 194, 199-200
61, 65, 77, 92, 122-3, 207, 212-3
Idris, Raja, 45, 55
Farquhar, William, 45, 55, 6 1-4 , 70, Illanuns, 39, 41, 53, 73, 99, 123
72-3 imperialism, 2, 190
Indera Bungsu, Raja, 39, 49, 53
Federation o f Malaya/Malaysia, 21, Iskandar Putri, 11 6 -7 , 121, 123, 136,
2 0 2 ,2 1 1 ,2 1 4 ,2 1 6
158, see also Tanjong Putri, Johor
gambier, 4, 51, 146 Baharu
cultivation
in Singapore, 10 4 -5 , 108 Jaafar, Raja (Yamtuan Muda), 29,
in Riau, 3 3 -5 , 4 2 -3 , 5 3-4 44-6, 54-5, 61, 68-9, 72-3, 92

Ghee Hin, see Ngee Heng Jaafar bin Haji Mohamed (Dato
Hoe, 109 Menteri o f Johor), 153, 156, 163,
175, 178, 180, 187, 194, 211
gold, 4, 77
mining, 5 Javanese coolies, 152

Government Hill (Fort Canning), 87,
94

Guthrie & Co., 132

242 Index

Johor Kanun Kangchu, 123, 144, 147, 167,
Archives, 2, 4, 10, 14, 4 9-5 0, 102, 170, 173, 183-4,189
110-1, 114, 117, 127, 156, of 1873, 144,158
166, 168, 170, 189,195,
216-22 Kapitan, 42, 103, 113 -5 , 1 2 0 -1 , 124,
Baharu, 7, 22, 1 1 3 -4 , 126, 143, 126, 138, 180, 184,211
148, 195-6, 205
Kapitan China, 113, see also Kapitan
Bahru, see Johor Baharu
Karaeng Talibak, Engkau, 32, 45, 72
dynasty, 22 Karimon Islands, 59, 69, 7 5-6 , 95
empire, 2 2 -3 , 25, 47, 7 7-8 , 95 Kechil, Daing (Temenggong o f Johor),
government, 9, 37, 43, 83, 10 1-2 ,
28, 30-1, 39, 50
113-6, 125, 141,144, 148, Kechil, Raja (of Siak), 2 5-6 , 49
150, 166-8, 172, 180, 184-5, Kemboja, Daing (Yamtuan Muda),
194, 198-9, 201, 211
Lama, 57, 71, 164 2 9 -3 1 ,3 5 ,3 8
Opium and Spirit Farms, 5, 148-9, Keppel, Captain Henry, 99, 123

159, 166, 179, 182, see also Ker, Rawson & Co., 83, 86, see also

Singapore and Johor Opium Paterson & Simons
and Spirit Farms Ker, William Wemys, 83, 86
River, 2 1 ,2 6 , 4 7 ,5 8 ,7 1 , 111, Koek, Adrian, 45, 58
117, 119, 121, 134-6, 187
rulers, 2 -3 , 10 0 -1 , 185, 190, 207, Kongkek, 5, 178, 180-4, 195, see also
209-10
state, 2 6 -7 Pepper and Gambier Society
Straits, 110, 117, 121, 12 5 -6 Cup, 181
Sultanate, 26, 100, 193, 214 Kongsi, 2—4 ,1 3 5 ,1 4 8 - 5 2 ,1 5 6 - 7 ,1 6 0 ,
166, 168, 170-9,181, 183-4,
Kampong Gelam, 67, 203 187-9, 216-22
Kangchu, 3 -4 , 7, 42, 102, 1 1 1 - 2 , 114, Konik, Engku (Temenggong o f Muar),
57-8
118, 120-1, 123-4, 126, 134-6, Koris, Tun (Bendahara Muda o f
138, 141, 144-50, 152, 157-8, Pahang), 28, 39, 13 2 -4
166-7, 169-74, 176-81, 183-4, Kudin, Tengku (Zia’udin) (“Viceroy”
186, 189, 197, 211-2, 216-22 o f Selangor), 162, 191
Cup, 181 Kukub, 58, 143, 164
records, 2, 4—5, 134, 166
system, 10, 14, 42, 102, 122—3, Kumpulan Surat di-Simpan oleh Setia
Usaha, 152
136, 152, 166-8, 170, 172,
174, 183-6, 202, 204 KwanTec Hoe, 109
Tebrau, 111
Laksamana, office of, 24-5, 27, 31, 49
kangkar, 7, 102, 114, 119 -2 0 , 124, Lim Chukang, 3, 124
Linggi wars, 35, 51
135, 138, 151, 166, 171, 174, Long, Enche, 116 —7, 152
178, 181
Kangkar Tebrau, 113 Mahmud II (Sultan of Johor/Malacca),
25

Index 243

Mahmud III (Sultan o f Johor), 28-30, world, 1, 8 -9 , 14 -5, 17, 19-20,
39-40, 44-6, 55, 57, 84, 92 26, 34, 36-7, 42, 49, 65, 67,
76, 80, 8 4-5 ,9 0,95 ,121,12 8 ,
Mahmud IV (Sultan o f Lingga), 100, 153-4, 161, 191,207,211
131, 133
Martin, Dyce & Co, 91, 132
Maimunah, Raja, 2 8 -3 1 , 39, 49, 53, Mohammad Ali (Yang Di-Pertuan
8 2 ,9 1 ,9 7
Muda o f Siak), 53
M ajor China, see Tan Hiok Nee Mohamed Ibrahim bin Munshi
Malacca
Abdullah (Dato Bentara Dalam o f
Straits of, 15, 32—3, 3 6-8 , 41, 43, Johor), 127, 194
4 5-6 ,4 9 , 59, 6 7 ,7 9 ,10 5 , Mohamed Salleh bin Perang (Dato
141-2, 164,215 Bentara Luar), 11 5 -6 , 127, 152,
163-4, 187,194,211
Malay Muhammad, Engku Haji, 153
-Bugis conflict at Riau, 2 6 -7 , 32, Muhammad Muzaffar Shah (Sultan o f
Lingga), 82, 97
39 Munshi Abdullah (Raffles’ scribe), 46,
Archipelago, 41 58, 63, 66, 69, 76, 80, 9 5,12 7
chiefs, 6, 9, 15, 18, 24, 2 9 -3 1 , 39, Mutahir, Tun (Temenggong o f
Malacca), 2 4 -5 , 27
42,44, 5 6,61,6 5-8 ,7 0-1,
79, 81-3, 104, 161, 163,186, Nahuijs, Colonel, 69
204,211 Napoleonic wars, 17, 38, 45
code, 62 negeri (Temenggong’s government), 9,
community, 26
government, 3, 102, 113, 115, 15-6, 19, see alsoperentah
164, 183, 194, 204 Netherlands East Indies, 5, 8
maritime empire/state, 15, 17, 21, Ngee Heng (Ghee Hin), 5, 1 0 9 -1 1 ,
65,90, 208,210
Peninsula, 11, 13, 15, 17, 2 0 -1, 113-4, 121, 135
34, 36, 53, 57, 65, 67, 76, NongYahya, 136, 164, 17 5 -6 , 188
84-5, 87, 91, 101, 105,121,
12 8 ,13 1, 154-5, 162, 166, Omar, Sultan (ofTrengganu), 84-5,
191-2, 197-8, 203,212 133
political culture, 9
system, 46, 68, 77, 207-8 opium, 4 ,7 , 10, 33, 35—7 ,4 2 —4, 52,
power, 9, 46 62, 70, 103, 108, 115-6, 120,
rajas, 17 133, 140, 149, 168,171, 173-4,
revolt in 17 6 3 -6 4 , 30 182, 184-6, 208, 213
rulers, 3, 9, 18, 38, 44, 98, 101, farms/farming, 2, 4—5, 8, 11,
120,154, 185-6, 204,212 115-6, 120, 126-7, 149, 159,
o f Johor, 2, 210 179, 185
states, 9, 13, 15, 19 -22 , 36, 44, trade, 2, 44
67,77, 80,85, 95, 98,131, traffic, 3 5 -6 , 46
145, 161, 182,192, 197
trading network, 6

244 Index

Opium Syndicate, 18 0 -1, 183, 195, suppression of, 6 7-8 , 7 8 -9 , 80,
see Singapore and Johor Opium 86, 94, 98
and Spirit Farms
Protected Malay States, 182
orang
benua, 24, 88-9 ra’ayat (peasantry), 24, 76, 215
biduadanda Kallang, 88 Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford, 2, 6, 9,
kaya, 164
laut, 16, 18, 24-6, 32, 38, 41, 12, 1 7 -8 ,2 1 ,4 1 ,4 3 ,4 5 , 55-6,
52-3, 58-9, 68, 70, 76, 78, 61-6, 70, 72-3, 78, 92, 95, 124,
80, 82, 96, 98, 101, 202, 204, 207-9
215, see also Sea Peoples rayat, see ra’ayat (peasantry)
sabimba, 88 Read, W.H., 87, 142
revenue
Ord, Harry St. George (Governor o f farmers, 103, 148, 180, 189, 197
Singapore), 15 4 -5 , 160, 191 farming, 8
farms, 5 ,4 2 , 66, 70, 90, 110,
Paduka Raja (Laksamana), 25
Parit Jawa (Padang), 58 113-4, 119, 148,168, 173-4,
Paterson & Simons, 83, 91, 132, 159, 179,211
Riau, 4 -7 , 9, 11, 14, 20-3, 3 2 -3 , 35,
195, see also Ker, Rawson & Co. 37, 39, 42, 45, 47, 52, 55, 59, 61,
Paterson, William, 132 64, 72, 81-2, 90-1, 95, 100-1,
pen gu in , 89—91, 164, 186, 211 103-5, 107, 110, 120-2, 126,
pepper, 4, 32, 34, 3 6 -7 , 43, 50, 105 128, 166, 208,211
-Lingga Archipelago, 15 -6, 39, 47,
and gambier, 3, 103, 107, 12 2 -3 57, 81, 87, 123, 215
agriculture, 128, 144, 152, 170 Archipelago, 15, 21, 47, 59, 213
dealers/traders, 1 4 0 -1 , 144, 158, entrepot, 14 -6, 3 4-5 , 40, 46
Residency, 21
169-72, 174, 179-80, 189 Straits, 82
planters/plantations, 2, 1 0 -1 , 19, Rodyk & Davidson, 195, 199
Royal Asiatic Society, 86
40, 42, 55, 90, 101, 103-4,
1 0 9 -1 1 ,1 1 3 ,1 1 6 ,1 2 1 ,1 4 2 -3 , Sayed Ali (of Siak), 39, 5 3-4 , 74
168,210 Schippers, Thomas (Governor o f
production, 5
settlements, 7 Malacca), 38
Pepper and Gambier Society sea
(Singapore), 5, 170, 18 0 -1 , see also
Kongkek lords, 10, 17
perentah, 15, 19, 58, 70, see also negeri peoples, 6, 15 -9, 58, 6 8 -9 , 76,
(Temenggong’s government)
perompak, 68—9 78-9, 83, 86, 90-2, 98, 100,
piracy, 6, 9, 15, 18, 3 8 -9 , 51, 69, 71, see also orang laut
76-7, 79-80, 82-3, 85-7, 90, 99, Seah Eu Chin, 105, 120, 124, 139,
123, 2 08 ,2 10 ,2 15 179, 181-2
anti-piracy campaigns, 81, 99, 208

Index 245

Seah LeangSeah, 120, 181, 189 pajak, 157, 16 7 -8 , 1 7 1 ,1 7 3 ,
Seah Ling Chai, 180, 184, 189
Seah Tee Heng, Kapitan, 114, 126, 178-9, 183,216

163,180 pajak bahagian sungai, 168, 170
secret societies, 4 -5 , 41, 4 3 ,1 0 1 , 103, perjanjian, 152
sungai, 2, 4, 10, 102, 110—1,
107-11, 113, 120-2, 125, 146,
162, 186,211 113-4, 117, 119, 123, 126,
Sedili, 5 7 -8 , 164, 177 134-6, 138-9, 146-7,
1 4 9 -5 2 ,1 5 6 ,1 5 9 ,1 6 6 -7 1 ,
Sejarah Melayu, 24, 48, 57 173, 175-9, 181, 183,187-9,
2 1 1 -2 ,2 1 6 -7
Singapore
and Johor Opium and Spirit tauliah, 123, 135, 149, 152, 167,
Farms, 136, 149, 179, 189,
169, 173
see abo Johor Opium and
Tahir, Tun (Bendahara o f Pahang), 47,
Spirit Farms 132-3
entrepot, 61, 64
government, 9, 56, 62, 80, 90, 95, Tan Cheng Flung, Kapitan, 114, 126,
136, 138, 156, 178
115, 119, 123, 130, 132, 140,
142-4, 180, 198,209,211 Tan Chukang, 124, 195
Revenue Farmers, 115 Tan HiokNee (Major), 120, 126, 130,

River, 18, 71 135-7, 14 2 ,14 5 ,14 8 -9 , 156,
Straits, 76 159,163, 16 6 ,16 8 ,17 4 , 176,
Srivijaya, 15, 18, 32, 37, 65, 160 178-81, 184, 188
Straits Tan Hoo, Kapitan, 42
government, 75, 79—80, 82—5, 92, Tan Kye Soon, Kapitan, 11 1, 113 -4 ,
126, 134, 138,211
123, 191, 193, 198, 201,205 Tan Seng Poh, 120, 126, 14 8 -9 , 159,
Settlements, 9, 20, 80, 100, 109, 166,179, 181
Tan Tae Hoe, 109
12 0 ,15 3 -4 ,160 -1, 192-3, Tan Tek Hye, 110, 125
Tanjong Putri, 113, 115, 133, 140—3,
198, 200
Records, 2, 14, 72 145, 152, 157-8, see abo Johor
Suez Canal, 190
Baharu and Iskandar Putri
suku, 15, 5 3 ,7 3 ,7 6 , 82, 91, 9 6 ,2 1 5 Controversy, 140, 148, 151, 153,
suku-suku Melayu, 69, 90
179-81, 212
Sulaiman, Sultan (o fJohor), 22, 26—30, policy, 147
Tanjong Surat, 136, 143, 158, 164,
47, 92, 97 176
Sulaiman, Sultan (of Lingga), 131, 154
taukehs, 5, 105, 12 0 -1 , 135-6, 138,
surat
concession, 152 141, 144, 146-8, 158, 168-70,
gadai dan hutang, 157 172-3, 178-81, 183-4, 186, 189,
jual-beli, 151—2, 156—7, 167—8, 197, 211, 214
tax farms, 62, 114, 209
171, 173, 175, 178-9, 183,

187, 216

kongsi, 183, 187
kuasa, 139, 152, 157,211

246 Index

Tebrau, 11 1, 113, 138, 156, 178, treaties o f 1824, 70, 78, see also
195-6, 205, see also Kangchu Anglo-Dutch Treaty (1824) a n d
Tebrau Treaty o f 1824
River, 114, 117, 126
tuansungai, 167
Teluk Belanga, 18 -9, 6 6-7 , 70, 72, Tufhat al-Nafis, 8, 14, 23, 2 9-3 5, 37,
75, 78-9, 83, 88, 90, 93, 95,
115-7, 12 1-2 ,12 7 , 136, 153, 4 3,45 -9, 51-6, 69, 82, 84,91,
163, 187,211 95, 153,215
Malays, 19, 89
Wan Ahmad (Bendahara), 133, 159,
Temenggong, office of, 22, 2 4 -7 , 3 1-2 , 162
40, 50
Weld, Sir Frederick (Governor of
Temenggongs Singapore), 192-3, 199, 212
o f Johor, 4, 9 -1 0 , 14-5, 18, 2 2-3 ,
32, 46, 5 6 ,5 8 ,9 1, 102, 153, Yahya, Tengku, 7 5-6 , 95
163,203-4, 209-11,214 Yahya Awal, Enche, 164
o f Riau, 23 Yamtuan Mudas, see Yang Di-Pertuan

Thai-Burmese wars, 38, 52 Mudas
tin, 4, 32, 36—7, 43, 50, see also Yang Di-Pertuan Mudas (Yamtuan

Bangka Mudas) o f Riau, 4, 23, 27, 2 9 -3 3 ,
mining, 5, 33, 53 4 2 ,4 6 ,4 9 , 54, 5 7 ,6 8 -9 ,10 0 ,
Treaty o f 109, 13 1,15 3 -4
1824,18,61-2, 68,81,141,158, Yang Di-Pertuan Selat, 95, see also
Hussain, Sultan
193, see also Anglo-Dutch Yeo Chukang, 3
Treaty (1824)
1855, 85, 11 5 ,13 1,2 12
1885, 193, 203