Grasses Meaning of Scientific Names for
Andropogoneae Wildland Plant Identification
Andropogon
gerardii ‐ "andro" = man + "pogon" = beard
Schizachyrium ‐ named after Garard
scoparium ‐ "schizo" = split + "archyr" = chaff + "ium" = small
Sorghastrum ‐ broom‐like
nutans ‐ "sorgh"= tall, cereal grass + "astrum"=suggesting similarity
Aristideae ‐ drooping, nodding (inflorescence)
Aristida
purpurea ‐ conspicuous awns
Aveneae ‐ reddish, purple
Calamagrostis
rubescens ‐ "Calama" = reed + "grostis" = grass
Koeleria ‐ turning red
macrantha ‐ Named for German botanist L. Koeler
Phalaris ‐ "macr" = large + "antha" = flower
arundinaceae ‐ shiny spikelets
Bromeae ‐ reed‐like
Bromus
inermis ‐ food or oat
tectorum ‐ without spines or thorns
Cynodonteae ‐ growing on rooftops
Bouteloua
eriopoda ‐ "bou" = cow/bull + "telou = complete or fat (i.e., makes cows fat)
gracilis ‐ "erio" = hairy + "podia" = foot or stalk
Buchloe ‐ slender, graceful
dactyloides ‐ from the Greek “bous”, meaning cow or ox
Hilaria ‐ "oides" = like a + "dactyl" = finger
mutica ‐ cheerful
Danthonieae ‐ without a point, blunt
Danthonia
californica ‐ after French botanist Étienne Danthoine
Eragrosteae ‐ of california
Sporobolus
cryptandrus ‐ "sporo" = casting + "bolus" = seed
Meliceae ‐ "crypt" = hidden + "andrus" = anthers
Melica
bulbosa ‐ Honey grass
Paniceae ‐ swollen, bulbous
Panicum
virgatum ‐ having panicles
Poeae ‐ with tall bare twigs
Dactylis
glomerata ‐ from Greek, “dactylos”= finger
Festuca ‐ from “glomerata” = clustered
idahoensis ‐ straw or grass stalk
Poa ‐ of Idaho
pratensis ‐ pasturage, Greek name for grass
secunda ‐ of meadows or growing in meadows
Stipeae ‐ turned, on the side, one‐sided
Stipa
hymenoides ‐ from Latin “stipatus” = compressed, surrounded
‐ "oides" = like a + "hymen" = skin or membrane (membranous glumes)
nelsonii ‐ named for Aven Nelson, teacher, author, and botanist
Triticeae
Agropyron ‐ “agros”= a field + “pyron”=grass or wheat
cristatum ‐ tassel‐like at the tips, crested or comb‐like
Elymus ‐ millet‐like grass
elymoides ‐ "oides" = like a + "elym" = a case, sheath
spicatus ‐ spike‐like inflorescence
Leymus ‐ millet‐like grass
cinereus ‐ ashy‐grey
Taeniatherum ‐ "taen" = a ribbon + "therum" = a wild beast (i.e. medusa)
caput‐medusae ‐ “cuput”=head + “medusae”= medusa head
Grasses‐Like Plants
Cyperaceae
Carex‐ cutter (named for sharp leaf tips)
nebrascensis ‐ of Nebraska
geyeri ‐ for C.A.Geyer, a German botanist who traveled across Idaho & Washington
Junceae
Juncus ‐ "jungere"=to join or bond
Balticus ‐ of the Baltics, e.g. Baltic Sea
Forbs and Woody Plants
Anacardiaceae
Rhus ‐ ancient Greek name for sumac
aromatica ‐ fragrant
Apiaceae
Lomatium ‐ "loma" = a hem, fringe
Asteraceae ‐ Anthemideae
Achillea ‐ for the Greek warrior Achilles
millifolium ‐ thousand‐leaves
Artemisia ‐ after Queen Artemisia of Asia
ludoviciana ‐ of Louisiana
spinescens ‐ with spines
tridentata ‐ "tri" = three + "dentata" = teeth
Asteraceae ‐ Astereae
Chrysopsis ‐ with a golden eye
villosa ‐ with long soft hairs
Chrysothamnus ‐ "chryso" = yellow + "thamnus" = a shrub
nauseosus ‐ nauseating, referring to odor
viscidiflorus ‐ sticky or viscid flower
Grindelia ‐ for D.H. Grindel, Latvian Botanist
squarrosa ‐ leaves spreading at right angles
Solidago ‐ “solido” to make “whole” or heal
missouriensis ‐ from Missouri
Asteraceae – Cichorieae
Crepis ‐ from “krepsis” = sandal
acuminate ‐ narrow or pointed tip (of leaf)
Taraxacum ‐ disturber, old name for bitter herb
officinale ‐ of the apothecaries, sold in shops
Asteraceae – Heliantheae
Baileya ‐ named for Bailey, American Botanist
multiradiata ‐ "multi" = many + "radiata" = spokes or rays
Balsamorhiza ‐ "balsamo" = balsam + "rhiza" = root
sagittata ‐ arrow‐shaped
Wyethia ‐ named for N. J.Wyeth an American plant collector and explorer
amplexicaulis ‐ "amplexi" = embracing + "caulis" = stem
Brassicaceae ‐ for François Descourain, French physician
Descurainia ‐ feathered, pinnate; set in two opposite ranks
pinnata ‐ for Lord Edward Smith Stanley
Stanleya ‐ feathered, pinnate; set in two opposite ranks
pinnata
Caprifoliaceae ‐ "symphorein"=borne together + "karpos"=fruit
Symphoricarpos ‐ white
albus
Chenopodiaceae ‐ an ancient name used for this genus
Atriplex ‐ covered with short white or gray hairs
canescens ‐ "confert" = crowded or pressed together + "folia" = leaves
confertifolia ‐ "oides" = like a + "cerat" = horn
Ceratoides ‐ wooly
lanata ‐ named for Asa Gray, eminent American botanists and professor at Harvard
Grayia ‐ spiny, with spines
spinosa ‐ " halo" = salt + "geton" = neighbor
Halogeton ‐ collected in heads
glomeratus ‐ for W.D.J. Koch, a German doctor and botanist
Kochia ‐ broom‐like
scoparia ‐ “salsus” = salty, salty taste, salty habitat
Salsola ‐ from Spain or Portugal (Iberica)
iberica ‐ "sarco" = fleshy + "batus" = a shrub or bramble
Sarcobatus ‐ worm‐like
vermiculatus
Clusiaceae ‐ "hyper" = above + "icum" = pictures (herb hung above pictures of people to
Hypericum ward off evil spirits)
‐ perforated or pierced with holes
perforatum
Cornaceae ‐ latin name for the dogwood
Cornus ‐ silky hair
sericea
Ephedraceae ‐ Greek name used for common mare's tail ‐‐ somewhat similar to Ephedra
Ephedra ‐ thrice forked
trifurca
Ericaceae ‐ "arktos"=bear + "staphule"=a bunch of grapes
Arctostaphylos ‐ "uva" = berry + "ursi" = bear
uva‐ursi
Fabaceae ‐ “akakia” = sharp point or thorn
Acacia ‐ named for Gregg
greggii ‐ ancient Latin name for the while lupine
Lupinus ‐ tailed
caudatus ‐“oxys” =sharp +and “tropis"=keel, in reference to the beaked flower petals
Oxytropis ‐named after A.B.Lambert, English botanist and conifer expert
lambertii ‐ Greek name for Burdock, relation to plant unknown
Prosopis ‐ full of glands, glandular
glandulosa
Fagaceae ‐ old Latin name for oak, "quer"=fine and "cuez"=tree
Quercus ‐ for William Gambel, an assistant curator at the Natural,Academy of Sciences
gambelii
Geraniaceae ‐ heron or stork (the shape of the fruit)
Erodium ‐ resembling Cicuta (refers to leaves)
cicutarium ‐Greek "geranos"=beak like fruit
Geranium
Glossularaceae ‐ acid‐tasting
Ribes ‐ waxy
cereum
Pinaceae
Pinus ‐ Latin for Pine
ponderosa ‐ very large, ponderous
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium ‐ dolphin‐head
bicolor ‐ has two colors
occidentale ‐ from the west, western
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus ‐ like a thistle
velutinus ‐ with a soft silky, velvet‐like, covering
Rosaceae
Amelanchier ‐ "a" = not + "melan" = black + "chier" = hand (light colored‐leaf)
alnifolia ‐ "alni" = alder + "folia" = leaf
Cercocarpus ‐ "cerco" = like a tail + "carpos" = fruit
ledifolius ‐ "ledi" = like lead + "folia" = leaf
montanus ‐ of the mountains
Prunus ‐ Latin name for plum
virginiana ‐ from Virginia
Purshia ‐ from F.T. Pursh, a Saxon explorer, plant collector
tridentata ‐ "tri" = three + "dentate" = toothed
Rosa ‐ Latin name for Rose
woodsii ‐ named for Woods, the woods
Salicaceae
Populus ‐ ancient name for populus
tremuloides ‐ trembling or shaking
Salix ‐ Latin name for willows
exigua ‐ very small, meager
Zygophyllaceae
Larrea ‐ for Bishop Juan Antonio Hernández Perez de Larrea, a Spanish clergyman
tridentata ‐ "tri" = three + "dentate" = toothed
Noxious Weeds and Additional Invasive Plants
Poeae
Poa ‐ pasturage, Greek name for grass
bulbosa ‐ swollen, bulbous
Asteraceaea‐Cichorieae
Chondrilla ‐ a lump
juncea ‐ a rush, reed
Asteraceae ‐ Cynareae
Centaurea ‐ for the Centaur
solstitialis ‐ of mid‐summer (flowering time)
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum ‐ hounds tongue
officinale ‐ of the apothecaries, sold in shops
Brassicaceae
Cardaria ‐ heart‐like (the fruiting pods)
draba ‐ a mustard‐like plant
Cupressaceae
Juniperus ‐ Latin name for Juniper
occidentalis ‐ western, occidental
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia ‐ for Euphorbus who used the latex for medicinal purposes
esula ‐ an old, generic name from Rufinus