Different separation methods in our everyday life (Marwa Khot)

Different separation





methods in our




everyday life






BY:MARWA KHOT,9M

CONTENTS













FOOD INDUSTRY



MEDICAL INDUSTRY




CHEMICAL INDUSTRY



AGRICULTURE

Food
Industry

In food industry, separation



technology is broadly used to separate,


isolate, and purify a particular



component from a mixture.


These are essential in the food


manufacturing process.The food



processing industry uses various


techniques to transform food



ingredients into different forms for


consumers. Separation techniques may


be used to remove skins from fruits,



water from juices, or whey from


cheese.

EVAPORATION








The phenomenon of change of


liquid to Vapour below boiling


point temperature is known as



evaporation.


Evaporation is used to concentrate


liquid foods such as noodles and



make condensed milk, the product of


a process that removes water


from milk.

HOW IT WOKS?













































The particles at the surface of the


liquid have higher energy


These particles in turn have

enough energy to break away from


forces of attraction between the


other liquid particles


As a result the liquid particles at


the surface skin change into vapor

using the heat in the atmosphere

USES OF






CHROMATOGRAPHY











In Food testing and


Beverage testing any drinks



manufacturers use this


technique to ensure each



bottle of their product is


exactly the same, so you



can rely on a consistent


taste. One such brand



is Jägermeister which uses


chromatography to monitor



the levels of sugar in their


final product.

Centrifugation







It can be used to separate out solids or


to separate out one or more liquids


with different densities than the main


liquid.

USUALLY USED FOR:






it is used to separate vegetable



oils from other liquid products of


the crushing process


to clarify beverages that have


developed a cloudy appearance


because of dissolved solids.


It is used to separate skim milk


from whole milk

PROCESS

Medical
Industry

CHROMATOGRAPHY







chromatography is a process of


separating a mixture into its


constituent


This technique was first used for



separation of colors


it is a technique used for


separation of those solutes that


dissolve in the same solvent

USE IN MEDICAL








FIELD








Creating vaccination




Chromatography is useful in



determining which antibodies


fight various diseases and viruses.


Scientists used Chromatography



in the fight against the Ebola


virus, responsible for over 11,000


deaths, to develop the



experimental immunisation


Zmapp. The process was used to


find out which antibodies are the


most effective at neutralising the



deadly virus.

Centrifugation







This separation technique is



usually used on a liquid.

PROCESS

Chemical
Industry

FRACTIONAL






DISTILLATION














































To separate liquid with a smaller



difference in boiling points is called


fracional distillation.

USES OF FRACTIONAL






DISTILLATION
















































it is used to separate crude oil,



contain products like diesel Petrol


wax and Kerosene

fractional distillation is also used




to separate different



components of air

























STEPS ON NEXT PAGE

Steps




the first step is to liquefy air, this is done by


compressing and cooling.

liquid air is then heated and allowed to

move up through the fractionating column.

Depending on the boiling points


components of air a separated at different

heights of the column.



Nitrogen with the lower boiling point is

distilled from the top and oxygen with the


higher boiling point is distilled from the


bottom

SEPARATING









FUNNEL

2 immiscible liquids can be



separated using a separating



funnel,it works on the principle


that immiscible liquids separate



into different layers based on



their densities

USES







Separating funnel is used in the



extraction of iron from its ore,



the lighter slag is removed from



the top by the method to leave


the molten iron at the bottom



in the furnace.

Agriculture

Sieving

When the size of particle it too



small to be picked by hand or



when the quantity is too large,



sieving is used for separating



substances. A sieve; having



holes of proper size is used. The



bigger particles are retained by



the sieve whereas the smaller




ones pass through it. For



example; this method is used



for separating bran from flour,



sand from gravel, pearls of



different sizes, etc

EXAMPLE

Handpicking








It is the simplest method of


separation of substances. This


method is used only when unwanted



material is in small quantity.


Moreover, shape, size, or colour of



the unwanted


material is



different from


that of the useful



materials. For


example; pebbles,



broken grains and


insects are



separated from


rice, wheat and



pulses; by


handpicking.

WINNOWING

The process of separation of



lighter particles from heavier


particles; with the help of wind; is



called winnowing. This method is



used for separating grains from



husk. . Farmers drop the mixture


of wheat and husk



from a height.The


husk is carried by



the wind and form



a heap at a small



distance away.



The wheat grains



being heavier fall



vertically to form



a separate heap.

EXAMPLE

Threshing

Threshing is used for separating seeds



from the harvested stalks.






Manual Threshing: When the quantity



is small, threshing is done manually.


Small bundles of the harvested stalks


are thrashed on a hard surface. This


helps in separating the grains.





Threshing Machine:



Now-a-days,


threshing machines


are used for the


purpose. It can be


powered by either a


diesel engine or an


electric motor. It


helps in saving time



and labour.



Thank



















You






































































BY:MARWA KHOT(9M)