IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021, IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13: Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM systems

IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


153.4.4.2 Receive function



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
RF1 FEC lane Skew tolerance 153.2.3.3.1 Maximum Skew of 180 ns M Yes [ ]
between FEC lanes and a
maximum Skew Variation of
4 ns
RF2 FEC lane reorder 153.2.3.3.2 Order the FEC lanes according M Yes [ ]
to the FEC lane number
RF3 De-scrambler 153.2.3.3.3 De-scramble according to M Yes [ ]
153.2.3.3.3

RF4 SC-FEC decoder 153.2.3.3.4 Correct errors by decoding M Yes [ ]
SC-FEC parity
RF5 GMP demapper 153.2.3.3.5 Extract 66B encoded block M Yes [ ]
stream from SC-FEC frame
RF6 Block Alignment 153.2.3.3.6 Distribute blocks as PCS lanes M Yes [ ]
to the FEC service interface


153.4.4.3 State diagrams




Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
SD1 100GBASE-R block lock 153.2.3.2.1 Implements 20 block lock M Yes [ ]
processes as depicted in
Figure 82–12
SD2 The SLIP function evaluates 153.2.3.2.1 M Yes [ ]
all possible bit positions
SD3 100GBASE-R alignment 153.2.3.2.2 Implements 20 alignment M Yes [ ]
marker lock marker lock processes as
depicted in Figure 82–13
SD4 The AM_SLIP function 153.2.3.2.2 M Yes [ ]
evaluates all possible blocks

SD5 100GBASE-R PCS deskew 153.2.3.2.2 Meets the requirements of M Yes [ ]
state diagram Figure 82–14
SD6 SC-FEC synchronization 153.4.4.3 One instance per FEC lane per M Yes [ ]
state diagram Figure 153–7
SD7 FEC lane reorder 153.2.3.3.2 Order the FEC lanes according M Yes [ ]
to the FEC lane number
















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154. Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and medium, type
100GBASE-ZR


154.1 Overview


This clause specifies the 100GBASE-ZR PMD together with the associated medium, which is a single-mode
fiber-based dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channel that may contain one or more optical

amplifiers and is specified using a black link approach (see 154.6). The optical signal generated by this PMD
type is modulated using a dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying (DP-DQPSK) format
suitable for reception by a coherent optical receiver. When forming a complete Physical Layer, a PMD shall
be connected to the 100GBASE-ZR PMA as shown in Table 154–1, to the medium through the MDI and


optionally with the management functions that may be accessible through the management interface defined
in Clause 45, or equivalent.

Table 154–1—Physical Layer clauses associated with the 100GBASE-ZR PMD


Associated clause 100GBASE-ZR

81—RS Required
81—CGMII a Optional
82—PCS Required
83—100GBASE-R PMA Optional

91—RS-FEC Optional
83A—CAUI-10 C2C Optional
83B—CAUI-10 C2M Optional
83D—CAUI-4 C2C Optional

83E—CAUI-4 C2M Optional
152—Inverse RS-FEC Conditional b
153—SC-FEC Required
153—100GBASE-ZR PMA Required

135—100GBASE-P PMA Optional
135D—100GAUI-4 C2C Optional
135E—100GAUI-4 C2M Optional
135F—100GAUI-2 C2C Optional

135G—100GAUI-2 C2M Optional
78—Energy-Efficient Ethernet Optional
a The CGMII is an optional interface. However, if the CGMII is not implemented, a
conforming implementation must behave functionally as though the RS and CGMII were
present.
b Clause 152 inverse RS-FEC mandatory when Clause 91 RS-FEC is present.








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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Figure 154–1 shows the relationship of the PMD and MDI (shown shaded) with other sublayers to the

ISO/IEC Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model. 100 Gigabit Ethernet is introduced in
Clause 80 and the purpose of each PHY sublayer is summarized in 80.2.
ETHERNET
LAYERS
HIGHER LAYERS
OSI
REFERENCE
MODEL LLC OR OTHER MAC CLIENT
LAYERS MAC CONTROL (OPTIONAL)
APPLICATION MAC
RECONCILIATION
PRESENTATION
CGMII
SESSION
100GBASE-R PCS
TRANSPORT
SC-FEC
NETWORK PHY
100GBASE-ZR PMA
DATA LINK PMD
PHYSICAL MDI
MEDIUM

100GBASE-ZR

CGMII = 100 Gb/s MEDIA INDEPENDENT INTERFACE PHY = PHYSICAL LAYER DEVICE
LLC = LOGICAL LINK CONTROL PMA = PHYSICAL MEDIUM ATTACHMENT
MAC = MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL PMD = PHYSICAL MEDIUM DEPENDENT
MDI = MEDIUM DEPENDENT INTERFACE SC-FEC = STAIRCASE FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION
PCS = PHYSICAL CODING SUBLAYER
ZR = PMD FOR DWDM CHANNEL OVER A DWDM BLACK

LINK
Figure 154–1—100GBASE-ZR PMD relationship to the ISO/IEC Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) reference model and IEEE 802.3 Ethernet model


100GBASE-ZR PHYs with the optional Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) fast wake capability may enter the
Low Power Idle (LPI) mode to conserve energy during periods of low link utilization (see Clause 78). The
deep sleep mode of EEE is not supported.

154.1.1 Bit error ratio

–3

The bit error ratio (BER) when processed by the PMA (Clause 153) shall be less than 4.62 × 10 provided
that the error statistics are sufficiently random that this results in a frame loss ratio (see 1.4.275) of less than

6.2 × 10 –10 for 64-octet frames with minimum interpacket gap when additionally processed by the FEC

(Clause 153) and PCS (Clause 82).

If the error statistics are not sufficiently random to meet this requirement, then the BER shall be less than
that required to give a frame loss ratio of less than 6.2 × 10 –10 for 64-octet frames with minimum interpacket
gap.










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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.2 Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) service interface

This subclause specifies the services provided by the 100GBASE-ZR PMD. The service interface for this

PMD is described in an abstract manner and does not imply any particular implementation. The PMD
service interface supports the exchange of encoded data between the PMA entity that resides just above the
PMD, and the PMD entity. The PMD translates the encoded data to and from signals suitable for the
specified medium.


The 100GBASE-ZR PMD service interface is an instance of the inter-sublayer service interface defined in
116.3, with two symbol streams, one for each polarization. The service interface primitives are summarized

as follows:
PMD:IS_UNITDATA_i.request
PMD:IS_UNITDATA_i.indication
PMD:IS_SIGNAL.indication

The 100GBASE-ZR PMD has two parallel symbol streams, in which case i = 0 to 1.

In the transmit direction, the PMA continuously sends two parallel DQPSK symbol streams to the PMD, one
stream per polarization, each with symbol values 0 to 3 and at a nominal signaling rate of

(255/227) × 24.8832 GBd (~27.9525 GBd), using the PMD:IS_UNITDATA_i.request primitive. The PMD
then converts these streams of symbols into the appropriate signals on the MDI.
In the receive direction, the PMD continuously sends two parallel DQPSK symbol streams to the PMA,
corresponding to the signals received from the MDI, each with symbol values 0 to 3, using the

PMD:IS_UNITDATA_i.indication primitive, at a nominal signaling rate of (255/227) × 24.8832 GBd
(~27.9525 GBd).

The SIGNAL_OK parameter of the PMD:IS_SIGNAL.indication primitive corresponds to the variable
SIGNAL_DETECT parameter as defined in 154.5.4. The SIGNAL_DETECT parameter takes a fixed value
of OK.
NOTE—SIGNAL_DETECT = OK does not guarantee that the rx_symbol parameters are known to be good. It is
possible for a poor quality link to provide sufficient light for a SIGNAL_DETECT = OK indication and still not meet the
BER defined in 154.1.1.

154.3 Delay and Skew

154.3.1 Delay constraints


The sum of the transmit and receive delays at one end of the link contributed by the 100GBASE-ZR PMD

including 2 m of fiber in one direction shall be no more than 2048 bit times (4 pause_quanta or 20.48 ns). A
description of overall system delay constraints and the definitions for bit times and pause_quanta can be
found in 80.4 and its references.

154.3.2 Skew constraints

The Skew (relative delay) between the FEC lanes must be kept within limits so that the information on the
FEC lanes can be reassembled by the FEC. The Skew Variation must also be limited to ensure that a given

FEC lane always traverses the same physical lane. Skew and Skew Variation are defined in 80.5 and

specified at the points SP0 to SP7 shown in Figure 80–8.
If the PMD service interface is physically instantiated so that the Skew at SP2 can be measured, then the
Skew at SP2 is limited to 43 ns and the Skew Variation at SP2 is limited to 400 ps.



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


The Skew at SP3 (the transmitter MDI) shall be less than 54 ns and the Skew Variation at SP3 shall be less
than 600 ps.

The Skew at SP4 (the receiver MDI) shall be less than 134 ns and the Skew Variation at SP4 shall be less
than 3.4 ns.

If the PMD service interface is physically instantiated so that the Skew at SP5 can be measured, then the
Skew at SP5 shall be less than 145 ns and the Skew Variation at SP5 shall be less than 3.6 ns.

For more information on Skew and Skew Variation, see 80.5.


154.4 PMD MDIO function mapping


The optional MDIO capability described in Clause 45 defines several variables that may provide control and
status information for and about the PMD. If the MDIO interface is implemented, the mapping of MDIO

control variables to PMD control variables shall be as shown in Table 154–2 and the mapping of MDIO

status variables to PMD status variables shall be as shown in Table 154–3.

Table 154–2—MDIO/PMD control variable mapping


Register/bit
MDIO control variable PMA/PMD register name PMD control variable
number
Reset PMA/PMD control 1 register 1.0.15 PMD_reset

Global PMD transmit disable PMD transmit disable register 1.9.0 PMD_global_transmit_disable
Tx optical channel index Tx optical channel control 1.800.5:0 Tx_optical_channel_index
register
Rx optical channel index Rx optical channel control 1.820.5:0 Rx_optical_channel_index
register


Table 154–3—MDIO/PMD status variable mapping


Register/
MDIO status variable PMA/PMD register name PMD status variable
bit number
Fault PMA/PMD status 1 register 1.1.7 PMD_fault
Transmit fault PMA/PMD status 2 register 1.8.11 PMD_transmit_fault
Receive fault PMA/PMD status 2 register 1.8.10 PMD_receive_fault
Global PMD receive signal PMD receive signal detect register 1.10.0 PMD_global_signal_detect
detect
Tx index ability 0 to Tx index Tx optical channel ability 1 1.801 to Tx_index_ability_0 to
ability 47 register to Tx optical channel 1.803 Tx_index_ability_47
ability 3 register

Tx Rx different optical Rx optical channel control register 1.820.15 Tx_Rx_diff_opt_chan_ability
channel ability
Rx index ability 0 to Rx index Rx optical channel ability 1 1.821 to Rx_index_ability_0 to
ability 47 register to Rx optical channel 1.823 Rx_index_ability_47
ability 3 register



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.5 PMD functional specifications

The 100GBASE-ZR PMD performs the Transmit and Receive functions, which convey data between the
PMD service interface and the MDI.

154.5.1 PMD block diagram

The PMD block diagram is shown in Figure 154–2. For purposes of system conformance, the PMD sublayer
is standardized at the points described in this subclause. The optical transmit signal is defined at the output
end of a single-mode fiber patch cord (TP2), between 2 m and 5 m in length. Unless specified otherwise, all
transmitter measurements and tests defined in 154.9 are made at TP2. The optical receive signal is defined at
the output of the fiber optic cabling (TP3) at the MDI (see 154.11). Unless specified otherwise, all receiver
measurements and tests defined in 154.9 are made at TP3.

TP1 and TP4 are informative reference points that may be useful to implementers for testing components
(these test points will not typically be accessible in an implemented system).


Retimer Retimer
function TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 function
(part of (part of
PMA) PMA)


Optical DWDM Optical
transmitter channel receiver
PMD
Patch SIGNAL_DETECT
cord
PMD
MDI MDI
PMD service PMD service
interface interface

PMD:IS_UNITDATA_0.request to PMD:IS_UNITDATA_0.indication to
PMD:IS_UNITDATA_1.request PMD:IS_UNITDATA_1.indication
For clarity, only one direction of transmission is shown
Figure 154–2—Block diagram for 100GBASE-ZR transmit/receive paths

154.5.2 PMD transmit function

The PMD Transmit function shall convert the two DQPSK symbol streams requested by


the PMD service interface messages PMD:IS_UNITDATA_0.request(tx_symbol) and
PMD:IS_UNITDATA_1.request(tx_symbol) into two DQPSK optical signals on orthogonal polarizations
and delivered to the MDI, all according to the transmit optical specifications in this clause.

The PMD maps symbols from each tx_symbol parameter to phase changes of each of the DQPSK optical
signals as specified in Table 154–4.
















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Table 154–4—Symbol mapping for the phase change of one polarization of the DP-DQPSK
100 Gb/s optical signal


DQPSK symbol value Phase change between successive symbols
(radians)
0 0

1 /2, –3/2
2 , –
3 3/2, –/2


154.5.3 PMD receive function



The PMD Receive function shall convert the composite optical signal received from the MDI into two
DQPSK symbol streams for delivery to the PMD service interface using the messages
PMD:IS_UNITDATA_0.indication(rx_symbol) and PMD:IS_UNITDATA_1.indication(rx_symbol), all
according to the receive optical specifications in this clause. The PMD maps the phase changes of each of
the retrieved DQPSK signals to the DQPSK rx_symbol streams for delivery to the PMD service interface, as
specified in Table 154–4.
NOTE—After transmission through the DWDM black link the direct correlation between symbol stream and
polarization has been lost due to non-negligible polarization rotation and signal mixing. It is therefore the task of the
receiver to retrieve the original symbol streams transmitted from the composite optical signal at TP3.
154.5.4 PMD global signal detect function


The PMD global signal detect function shall set the state of the SIGNAL_DETECT parameter to a fixed OK

value. The presence of a valid signal is determined only by the SC-FEC sublayer (see 153.2.1).
NOTE—Average input power is not a reliable indication of signal failure in an optically amplified system.

154.5.5 PMD reset function

If the MDIO interface is implemented, and if PMD_reset is asserted, the PMD shall be reset as defined in

45.2.1.1.1.

154.5.6 PMD global transmit disable function (optional)
The PMD global transmit disable function is optional and allows the optical transmitter to be disabled.
a) When the PMD_global_transmit_disable variable is set to one, this function shall turn off the optical

transmitter so that it meets the requirements of the average launch power of the OFF transmitter in
Table 154–7.

b) If a PMD_fault is detected, then the PMD may set the PMD_global_transmit_disable variable to
one, turning off the optical transmitter.

154.5.7 PMD fault function (optional)


If the PMD has detected a local fault on any of the transmit or receive paths, the PMD shall set PMD_fault to
one.
If the MDIO interface is implemented, PMD_fault shall be mapped to the fault bit as specified in 45.2.1.2.3.






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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.5.8 PMD transmit fault function (optional)

If the PMD has detected a local fault on any transmit lane, the PMD shall set the PMD_transmit_fault
variable to one.

If the MDIO interface is implemented, PMD_transmit_fault shall be mapped to the transmit fault bit as
specified in 45.2.1.7.4.

154.5.9 PMD receive fault function (optional)

If the PMD has detected a local fault on any receive lane, the PMD shall set the PMD_receive_fault variable
to one.

If the MDIO interface is implemented, PMD_receive_fault shall be mapped to the receive fault bit as
specified in 45.2.1.7.5.

154.6 DWDM channel over a DWDM black link


This subclause provides details of the medium associated with the 100GBASE-ZR PMD, over which the

PHY operates at a single optical frequency (often also referred to by its associated wavelength) on a defined
frequency grid. The medium associated with the 100GBASE-ZR PMD is also referred to as a DWDM

channel.
In this application, DWDM technology is used to enable the transport of multiple DWDM channels over a
single fiber. A black link approach is used to allow specification of the (single) DWDM channel in a way

that takes into account the effects of other DWDM channels that may be simultaneously present on the
multi-channel part of the link. By using this methodology this PMD type can support a wide range of
applications, as long as the link requirements specified in 154.8 are met.

Figure 154–3 shows a generic example of a DWDM black link. Functions carried out by the DWDM black

link may include:
— Optical wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing.
— Simultaneous transport of a number of DWDM channels on a single fiber, where the channels
supporting the full duplex links may be implemented on one fiber per direction, as illustrated in

Figure 154A–1, or implemented on one fiber for both directions, as illustrated in Figure 154A–2.
— Optical amplification.

The arrangement of (DWDM) elements within the DWDM black link example shown in Figure 154–3 is not
intended to place constraints on the construction of the DWDM black link, but simply to define the location

of the single channel interfaces at TP2 and TP3. The DWDM black link in Figure 154–3 is an example of a
DWDM black link, where a grey shaded box is used to illustrate that the details of the DWDM black link are
not specified.

The black link approach implies that no details are provided on how the DWDM black link is constructed,
configured or operated so that the end-to-end parameter requirements are met. This approach enables
interoperability at the single-channel points (TP2 and TP3). However, it does not enable interoperability at
multichannel points between TP2 and TP3 inside the DWDM black link.
NOTE 1—The presence of one or more optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) is not directly assumed but also not
specifically excluded as long at the end-to-end link requirements are met.

Optical interface parameters are specified only at the single-channel points at the input (TP2 in

Figure 154–2) and output (TP3 in Figure 154–2) of the DWDM black link, which are applicable for all



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


channel frequencies f . Additional specifications are provided for the transfer parameters from TP2 to TP3,
i
such as chromatic dispersion, ripple, polarization mode dispersion, etc. In this way the (single channel)
DWDM channel is completely specified.
NOTE 2—Coexistence of DWDM optical signals with characteristics other than the 100GBASE-ZR PMD over the
same DWDM black link is not covered by this standard.







Opt Tx f 0 Opt Rx f 0

Opt Tx f i Opt Rx f i
TP2 Optical OA Optical TP3
mux OA demux


Opt Tx f n–1 Opt Rx f n–1
DWDM black link



For clarity, only one direction of transmission is shown

Figure 154–3—DWDM black link example configuration for specifying n DWDM channels


The 100GBASE-ZR PMD is specified on the basis that it can be connected to a DWDM black link that
contains a portion where multiple DWDM optical channels are present, each connected to a separate
100GBASE-ZR transmitter. These multiple DWDM channels have optical channel center frequencies that
are part of a DWDM frequency grid defined in ITU-T G.694.1. Table 154–5 shows the mapping of the

100GBASE-ZR channel index numbers to the optical channel center frequencies. The 100GBASE-ZR PMD

specification covers a maximum of 48 channels over a DWDM black link that supports between 1 and 48
channels with center frequencies defined in Table 154–5. In a working 100GBASE-ZR link the PMD

operates on one of 48 frequencies in each direction of transmission over a pair of DWDM channels. The
100GBASE-ZR Tx, the associated DWDM channel, and the 100GBASE-ZR Rx connected to the output of
the DWDM black link, are all selected to have the same channel center frequency.


Table 154–5—Mapping of the 100GBASE-ZR channel index numbers to optical channel
center frequencies


Channel Channel center Approximate Channel Channel center Approximate
index channel center index channel center
number frequency [THz] wavelength [nm] number frequency [THz] wavelength [nm]
0 191.4 1566.31 24 193.8 1546.92

1 191.5 1565.50 25 193.9 1546.12
2 191.6 1564.68 26 194 1545.32
3 191.7 1563.86 27 194.1 1544.53

4 191.8 1563.05 28 194.2 1543.73
5 191.9 1562.23 29 194.3 1542.94
6 192 1561.42 30 194.4 1542.14



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Table 154–5—Mapping of the 100GBASE-ZR channel index numbers to optical channel
center frequencies (continued)


Channel Channel center Approximate Channel Channel center Approximate
index channel center index channel center
number frequency [THz] wavelength [nm] number frequency [THz] wavelength [nm]

7 192.1 1560.61 31 194.5 1541.35
8 192.2 1559.79 32 194.6 1540.56

9 192.3 1558.98 33 194.7 1539.77
10 192.4 1558.17 34 194.8 1538.98
11 192.5 1557.36 35 194.9 1538.19
12 192.6 1556.55 36 195 1537.40
13 192.7 1555.75 37 195.1 1536.61

14 192.8 1554.94 38 195.2 1535.82
15 192.9 1554.13 39 195.3 1535.04
16 193 1553.33 40 195.4 1534.25

17 193.1 1552.52 41 195.5 1533.47
18 193.2 1551.72 42 195.6 1532.68
19 193.3 1550.92 43 195.7 1531.90
20 193.4 1550.12 44 195.8 1531.12
21 193.5 1549.32 45 195.9 1530.33

22 193.6 1548.51 46 196 1529.55
23 193.7 1547.72 47 196.1 1528.77



The transmitter nominal center frequency is the optical frequency in Table 154–5 corresponding to the
variable Tx_optical_channel_index. If the PMD is able to operate with an Rx_optical_channel_index that is
different from the Tx_optical_channel_index (Tx_Rx_diff_opt_chan_ability is one), the receiver nominal
center frequency is the optical frequency in Table 154–5 corresponding to the variable
Rx_optical_channel_index, otherwise it is the same as the transmitter nominal center frequency. The
mapping of the Tx_optical_channel_index, the Rx_optical_channel_index, and the
Tx_Rx_diff_opt_chan_ability variables to the relevant optional MDIO variables and PMA/PMD register
names is shown in 154.4.


154.7 PMD to MDI optical specifications for 100GBASE-ZR

The operating range for the 100GBASE-ZR PMD is defined in Table 154–6. A 100GBASE-ZR compliant
PMD operates over a DWDM black link meeting the specifications in Table 154–9. A PMD that exceeds the
operating range requirement while meeting all other optical specifications is considered compliant











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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


(e.g., a 100GBASE-ZR PMD that could operate over 90 km would meet the operating range requirement of
2 m to 80 km).
Table 154–6—100GBASE-ZR operating range

PMD type Required operating range

100GBASE-ZR 2 m to 80 km


154.7.1 100GBASE-ZR transmitter optical specifications



The 100GBASE-ZR transmitter shall meet the specifications defined in Table 154–7 per the definitions in
154.9.

Table 154–7—100GBASE-ZR transmit characteristics


Description Value Unit
Signaling rate (range) 27.9525 ± 20 ppm GBd

Modulation format DP-DQPSK —
Minimum channel spacing 100 GHz
Average channel output power (max) 0 dBm
Average channel output power (min) –8 dBm
Nominal center frequency The frequency in THz
Table 154–5 where the
channel index number
equals the variable
Tx_optical_channel_index

Spectral excursion (max) ±15 GHz
Side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) (min) 30 dB
Laser linewidth (max) 1000 kHz
Offset between the carrier and the nominal center frequency (max) 1.8 GHz
Power difference between X and Y polarizations (max) 1.5 dB

Skew between X and Y polarizations (max) 10 ps
Error vector magnitude (max) 23 %
I-Q offset (max) –25 dB

Transmitter in-band OSNR (min) 35 dB (12.5 GHz)
Average launch power of OFF transmitter (max) –35 dBm
a
Transmitter reflectance (max) –20 dB
a Transmitter reflectance is defined looking into the transmitter.











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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.7.2 100GBASE-ZR receive optical specifications


The 100GBASE-ZR receiver shall meet the specifications defined in Table 154–8 per the definitions in
154.9.


Table 154–8—100GBASE-ZR receive characteristics

Description Value Unit

Signaling rate (range) 27.9525 ± 20 ppm GBd
Modulation format DP-DQPSK —
Nominal center frequency The frequency in Table 154–5 THz
where the channel index number
equals the variable
Rx_optical_channel_index
Damage threshold a 3 dBm
Average receive power (max) 0 dBm

Average receive power (min) –27 dBm
b
Receiver sensitivity (max) –30 dBm
Receiver OSNR (min):
for average receive power < –16 dBm 35 dB (12.5 GHz)
for average receive power –16 dBm 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz)
Receiver OSNR tolerance b 16.5 dB (12.5 GHz)
for average receive power  –16 dBm

Receiver reflectance (max) –20 dB
a The receiver shall be able to tolerate, without damage, continuous exposure to an optical input signal having this
average power level. The receiver does not have to operate correctly at this input power.
b Receiver sensitivity (max), for OSNR  35 dB (12.5 GHz), and Receiver OSNR tolerance are informative.



154.8 100GBASE-ZR DWDM black link transfer characteristics

The 100GBASE-ZR DWDM black link characteristics shall meet the specifications defined in Table 154–9
per the definitions in 154.9. Some clarification of the requirements in Table 154–9 is provided in
informative Annex 154A, as well as examples of compliant DWDM black links.

154.9 Definition of optical parameters and measurement methods



All transmitter optical measurements shall be made through a short patch cable, between 2 m and 5 m in
length, unless otherwise specified.
154.9.1 Test patterns for optical parameters

While compliance is to be achieved in normal operation, specific test patterns are defined for measurement
consistency and to enable measurement of some parameters. Table 154–11 gives the test patterns to be used

in each measurement, unless otherwise specified, and also lists references to the subclauses in which each


parameter is defined. Any of the test patterns given for a particular test in Table 154–11 may be used to
perform that test. The test pattern used in this clause is shown in Table 154–10.


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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Table 154–9—100GBASE-ZR DWDM black link characteristics

Description Value Unit

Channel spacing (min) 100 GHz
Ripple (max) 2.5 dB

Average output power at TP3 (max) 0 dBm
Average output power at TP3 (min):
for OSNR at TP3 < 35 dB (12.5 GHz) –16 dBm
for OSNR at TP3  35 dB (12.5 GHz) –27 dBm
OSNR at TP3 (min) 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz)

Optical path OSNR penalty (max), for OSNR at TP3 < 35 dB (12.5 GHz) 3 dB
Optical path power penalty (max), for OSNR at TP3  35 dB (12.5 GHz) 3 dB
Chromatic dispersion (max) 2000 ps/nm

Chromatic dispersion (min) 0 ps/nm
a
2
Fiber chromatic dispersion slope at channel center frequencies (min) 0.05 ps/nm km
Optical return loss at TP2 (min) 25 dB
Maximum differential group delay, DGD_max b 20 ps
Polarization dependent loss (max) 1.5 dB

Polarization rotation speed (max) 50 krad/s
Inter-channel crosstalk at TP3 (max) –16 dB
Interferometric crosstalk at TP3 (max) –25 dB
a The applicable channel center frequencies are specified in Table 154–5.
b Differential Group Delay (DGD) is the time difference at reception between the fractions of a pulse that were
transmitted in the two principal states of polarization of an optical signal. DGD_max is the maximum differential
group delay that the system must tolerate.



Table 154–10—Test pattern

Pattern Pattern description Defined in

5 Scrambled idle encoded by SC-FEC 82.2.11, Clause 153


Table 154–11—Test-pattern definitions and related subclauses


Parameter Pattern Related subclause
Optical center frequency (wavelength) valid 100GBASE-R signal, 5 154.9.2

Side-mode suppression ratio valid 100GBASE-R signal, 5 154.9.2
Average channel output power valid 100GBASE-R signal, 5 154.9.3
Spectral excursion 5 154.9.4

Laser linewidth 5 154.9.5



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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Table 154–11—Test-pattern definitions and related subclauses (continued)

Parameter Pattern Related subclause

Offset between the carrier and the nominal center 5 154.9.6
frequency
Power difference between X and Y polarizations 5 154.9.7

Skew between X and Y polarizations 5 154.9.8
Error vector magnitude 5 154.9.9
I-Q offset 5 154.9.10

Optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) 5 154.9.11
Transmitter in-band OSNR 5 154.9.12
Average receive power 5 154.9.13
Receiver sensitivity 5 154.9.14
Receiver OSNR 5 154.9.15

Receiver OSNR tolerance 5 154.9.16
Ripple 5 154.9.17
Optical path OSNR penalty 5 154.9.18

Optical path power penalty 5 154.9.19
Polarization dependent loss 5 154.9.20
Polarization rotation speed 5 154.9.21
Inter-channel crosstalk at TP3 5 154.9.22
Interferometric crosstalk at TP3 5 154.9.23



154.9.2 Optical center frequency (wavelength) and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR)

The optical frequency (wavelength) and SMSR shall be within the range given in Table 154–7 if measured

per IEC 61280-1-3. The transmitter is modulated using the test pattern defined in Table 154–11.
154.9.3 Average channel output power


The average channel output power shall be within the limits given in Table 154–7 if measured using the
methods given in IEC 61280-1-1. The average optical power is measured using the test pattern defined in

Table 154–11, per the test setup in Figure 53–6.

154.9.4 Spectral excursion
The maximum spectral excursion, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2 for DP-DQPSK signals, shall be within the
limits given in Table 154–7.

154.9.5 Laser linewidth

The laser linewidth, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limits given in Table 154–7.





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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.9.6 Offset between the carrier and the nominal center frequency

The offset between the carrier and the nominal center frequency, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be
within the limits given in Table 154–7.

154.9.7 Power difference between X and Y polarizations

The power difference between X and Y polarizations, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limits
given in Table 154–7.

154.9.8 Skew between X and Y polarizations

The skew between X and Y polarizations, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limits given in

Table 154–7.
154.9.9 Error vector magnitude


The error vector magnitude shall be within the limits given in Table 154–7 and is as defined in
ITU-T G.698.2, with the exception that the samples are acquired with the effect of a clock recovery unit
(CRU) with a corner frequency of 1.5 MHz and a slope of 20 dB/decade.

NOTE—This definition in ITU-T G.698.2 includes the definition of a reference equalizer.
154.9.10 I-Q offset


The I-Q offset, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2 for DP-DQPSK signals, shall be within the limits given in
Table 154–7.

154.9.11 Optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)

The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) at TP3 shall be within the limits given in Table 154–9. The OSNR

is defined as the ratio of the average signal power in the wanted channel to the highest noise power density

(referred to 12.5 GHz) in the range of the central frequency plus and minus the maximum spectral excursion.
For the purposes of this definition, the noise is defined to be that which would be present if the signal in the

wanted channel were removed from the DWDM black link while keeping all other DWDM black link
conditions the same (e.g., the gain and noise figure of all amplifiers).
NOTE—This definition of OSNR is consistent with the definition of OSNR in ITU-T G.698.2, except that in this clause
the noise power density is referred to 12.5 GHz, instead of 0.1 nm in G.698.2. At a frequency of 193.6 GHz a
measurement bandwidth of 0.1 nm is identical to 12.5 GHz.

154.9.12 Transmitter in-band OSNR

The transmitter in-band OSNR shall be within the limits given in Table 154–7. OSNR is defined in

154.9.11.
154.9.13 Average receive power

The average receive power shall be within the limits given in Table 154–8. These limits define the range of
average receiver input power over which the BER requirement in 154.1.1 must be met at the values of
minimum OSNR defined in Table 154–8.










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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.9.14 Receiver sensitivity

Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum value of average receive power at TP3 to achieve the
specified maximum BER in 154.1.1. This is to be met with a transmitter with worst-case values of error
vector magnitude, optical return loss at TP2, connector degradations, and OSNR. This does not have to be

met in the presence of impairments caused by the DWDM black link, such as dispersion or reflections from
the optical path. These effects are specified separately in the allocation of maximum optical path power
penalty.

Receiver sensitivity is informative and compliance is not required.

154.9.15 Receiver OSNR


The Receiver shall be able to tolerate an OSNR specified in Table 154–8 while achieving the specified
maximum BER in 154.1.1 over the average receive power range specified in Table 154–8. This parameter is
defined at TP3, which is after the DWDM black link and at the input to the receiver, and therefore includes
effects associated with impairments of the transmitter and inside the DWDM black link.

OSNR is defined in 154.9.11.

154.9.16 Receiver OSNR tolerance


Receiver OSNR tolerance is as defined in ITU-T G.698.2 for “100 Gbit/s applications”, with the exception
that it is valid for all frequencies, due to the definition of a measurement bandwidth of 12.5 GHz instead of
0.1 nm in ITU-T G.698.2.

OSNR tolerance is informative and compliance is not required.

154.9.17 Ripple

The ripple, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in Table 154–9.

154.9.18 Optical path OSNR penalty

The optical path OSNR penalty, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in Table 154–9.

154.9.19 Optical path power penalty

The optical path power penalty shall be within the limit given in Table 154–9 and is defined as the apparent
reduction of receiver sensitivity due to distortion of the signal during its transmission over the DWDM black

link, using the reference receiver as defined in Annex A of ITU-T G.698.2. It is manifested as a shift of the

system's BER curves towards higher receiver input power levels. This corresponds to a positive path

penalty. Negative path penalties may exist under some circumstances, but should be small. A negative path
penalty indicates that a less than perfect transmitter signal has been partially improved by the
path-dependent distortions. Since the path penalty is a change in the receiver's sensitivity, it is measured at
the BER defined in 154.1.1.

154.9.20 Polarization dependent loss

The polarization dependent loss, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in

Table 154–9.







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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.9.21 Polarization rotation speed

The polarization rotation speed, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in Table 154–9.

154.9.22 Inter-channel crosstalk at TP3


The inter-channel crosstalk at TP3, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in
Table 154–9.
154.9.23 Interferometric crosstalk at TP3

The interferometric crosstalk at TP3, as defined in ITU-T G.698.2, shall be within the limit given in

Table 154–9.

154.10 Safety, installation, environment, and labeling


154.10.1 General safety

All equipment subject to this clause shall conform to the general safety requirements as specified in J.2.

154.10.2 Laser safety

100GBASE-ZR optical transceivers shall conform to Hazard Level 1 laser requirements as defined in

IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60825-2, under any condition of operation. This includes single fault conditions
whether coupled into a fiber or out of an open bore.
NOTE—The laser safety requirements apply only to the single channel points at TP2 and TP3, as shown in
Figure 154–3, and not to any (multi-channel) point inside the DWDM black link, which is outside the scope of this
clause.

Conformance to additional laser safety standards may be required for operation within specific geographic
regions.

Laser safety standards and regulations require that the manufacturer of a laser product provide information

about the product’s laser, safety features, labeling, use, maintenance, and service. This documentation


explicitly defines requirements and usage restrictions on the host system necessary to meet these safety
certifications. 5
154.10.3 Installation

It is recommended that proper installation practices, as defined by applicable local codes and regulation, be
followed in every instance in which such practices are applicable.

154.10.4 Environment

Normative specifications in this clause shall be met by a system integrating a 100GBASE-ZR PMD over the

life of the product while the product operates within the manufacturer’s range of environmental, power, and
other specifications.

It is recommended that manufacturers indicate in the literature associated with the PHY the operating

environmental conditions to facilitate selection, installation, and maintenance.

5 A host system that fails to meet the manufacturer’s requirements and/or usage restrictions may emit laser radiation in excess of the
safety limits of one or more safety standards. In such a case, the host manufacturer is required to obtain its own laser safety certification.



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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


It is recommended that manufacturers indicate, in the literature associated with the components of the
optical link, the distance and operating environmental conditions over which the specifications of this clause
will be met.

154.10.5 Electromagnetic emission

A system integrating a 100GBASE-ZR PMD shall comply with applicable local and national codes for the
limitation of electromagnetic interference.

154.10.6 Temperature, humidity, and handling


The optical link is expected to operate over a reasonable range of environmental conditions related to

temperature, humidity, and physical handling (such as shock and vibration). Specific requirements and
values for these parameters are considered to be beyond the scope of this standard.
154.10.7 PMD labeling requirements

It is recommended that each PHY (and supporting documentation) be labeled in a manner visible to the user,
with at least the applicable safety warnings and the applicable port type designation (e.g., 100GBASE-ZR).


Labeling requirements for Hazard Level 1 lasers are given in the laser safety standards referenced in
154.10.2.

154.11 Medium Dependent Interface (MDI)

The 100GBASE-ZR PMD is coupled to the DWDM black link medium at the MDI, being the interface
between the PMD and the medium. Examples of an MDI include the following:
a) Connectorized fiber pigtail
b) PMD receptacle

When the MDI is a connector plug and receptacle connection, it shall meet the interface performance
specifications of IEC 61753-1 and IEC 61753-021-2.
NOTE—Transmitter compliance testing is performed at TP2 as defined in 154.5.1, not at the MDI.
































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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.12 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for
Clause 154, Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and medium, type
100GBASE-ZR 6

154.12.1 Introduction

The supplier of a protocol implementation that is claimed to conform to Clause 154, Physical Medium

Dependent (PMD) sublayer and medium, type 100GBASE-ZR, shall complete the following protocol
implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma.

A detailed description of the symbols used in the PICS proforma, along with instructions for completing the
PICS proforma, can be found in Clause 21.

154.12.2 Identification

154.12.2.1 Implementation identification



Supplier 1
Contact point for inquiries about the PICS 1
Implementation Name(s) and Version(s) 1,3
Other information necessary for full identification—e.g.,
name(s) and version(s) for machines and/or operating
systems; System Name(s) 2
NOTE 1—Required for all implementations.
NOTE 2—May be completed as appropriate in meeting the requirements for the identification.
NOTE 3—The terms Name and Version should be interpreted appropriately to correspond with a supplier’s
terminology (e.g., Type, Series, Model).



154.12.2.2 Protocol summary



Identification of protocol standard IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021, Clause 154, Physical Medium
Dependent (PMD) sublayer and medium, type
100GBASE-ZR
Identification of amendments and corrigenda to this
PICS proforma that have been completed as part of
this PICS
Have any Exception items been required? No [ ] Yes [ ]
(See Clause 21; the answer Yes means that the implementation does not conform to IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021.)



Date of Statement








6 Copyright release for PICS proformas: Users of this standard may freely reproduce the PICS proforma in this subclause so that it can
be used for its intended purpose and may further publish the completed PICS.



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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.12.3 Major capabilities/options



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
ZR 100GBASE-ZR 154.7 Device supports requirements M Yes [ ]
for 100GBASE-ZR PHY
TP1 Reference point TP1 exposed 154.5.1 This point may be made O Yes [ ]
and available for testing available for use by No [ ]
implementers to certify
component conformance
TP4 Reference point TP4 exposed 154.5.1 This point may be made O Yes [ ]
and available for testing available for use by No [ ]
implementers to certify
component conformance
*INS Installation / cable 154.6 Items marked with INS include O Yes [ ]
installation practices and cable No [ ]
specifications not applicable to
a PHY manufacturer
DC Delay constraints 154.3.1 Device conforms to delay M Yes [ ]
constraints

SC Skew constraints 154.3.2 Device conforms to Skew and M Yes [ ]
Skew Variation constraints
*MD MDIO capability 154.4 Registers and interface O Yes [ ]
supported No [ ]



154.12.4 PICS proforma tables for Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and
medium, type 100GBASE-ZR


154.12.4.1 PMD functional specifications



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
F1 Compatible with 154.1 M Yes [ ]
100GBASE-ZR PCS and PMA

F2 Integration with management O Yes [ ]
functions No [ ]
F3 Bit error ratio 154.1.1 Meets BER specified in 154.1.1 M Yes [ ]
F4 Transmit function 154.5.2 Conveys symbols from PMD M Yes [ ]
service interface to MDI
F5 Receive function 154.5.3 Conveys symbols from PMD M Yes [ ]
service interface to MDI

F6 Global signal detect function 154.5.4 Report to the PMD service O Yes [ ]
interface the message No [ ]
PMD:IS_SIGNAL.indication
(SIGNAL_DETECT)

F7 PMD reset function 154.5.5 Resets the PMD sublayer O Yes [ ]
No [ ]




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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
F8 Transmitter nominal center 154.6 Controls the transmitter center O Yes [ ]
frequency frequency via the No [ ]
Tx_optical_channel_index
variable
F9 Receiver nominal center 154.6 Controls the receiver center O Yes [ ]
frequency frequency via the No [ ]
Rx_optical_channel_index
variable


154.12.4.2 Management functions




Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
M1 Management register set 154.4 MD:M Yes [ ]
N/A [ ]
M2 PMD global transmit disable 154.5.6 Disables the optical transmitter MD:O Yes [ ]
function with the No [ ]
PMD_global_transmit_disable N/A [ ]
variable
M3 PMD fault function 154.5.7 Sets PMD_fault to one if a MD:O Yes [ ]
local fault is detected No [ ]
N/A [ ]
M4 PMD transmit fault function 154.5.8 Sets PMD_transmit_fault to MD:O Yes [ ]
one if a local fault is detected No [ ]
N/A [ ]
M5 PMD receive fault function 154.5.9 Sets PMD_receive_fault to one MD:O Yes [ ]
if a local fault is detected No [ ]
N/A [ ]
M6 PMD receive center frequency 154.6 Reports the ability to operate MD:O Yes [ ]
ability with different Tx and Rx center No [ ]
frequencies via the N/A [ ]
Tx_Rx_diff_opt_channel_abili
ty variable



154.12.4.3 PMD to MDI optical specifications for 100GBASE-ZR



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support

ZR1 Transmitter meets 154.7.1 Per definitions in 154.9 M Yes [ ]
specifications in Table 154–7
ZR2 Receiver meets specifications 154.7.2 Per definitions in 154.9 M Yes [ ]
in Table 154–8











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Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


154.12.4.4 Optical measurement methods



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support
OM1 Measurement cable 154.9 2 m to 5 m in length M Yes [ ]

OM2 Optical center frequency 154.9.2 Per definitions in Table 154–11 M Yes [ ]
(wavelength) and side-mode
suppression ratio (SMSR)

OM3 Average channel output power 154.9.3 Per definitions in Table 154–11 M Yes [ ]
OM4 Error vector magnitude 154.9.9 Per definitions in Table 154–7 M Yes [ ]
OM5 I-Q offset 154.9.10 Per definitions in Table 154–7 M Yes [ ]
OM6 Transmitter in-band (OSNR) 154.9.12 Per definitions in Table 154–7 M Yes [ ]
OM7 Average receive power 154.9.13 Per definitions in Table 154–8 M Yes [ ]

OM8 Receiver OSNR 154.9.15 Per definitions in Table 154–8 M Yes [ ]
OM9 Receiver OSNR tolerance 154.9.16 Per definitions in Table 154–8 M Yes [ ]



154.12.4.5 Environmental specifications



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support

ES1 General safety 154.10.1 Conforms to J.2 M Yes [ ]
ES2 Laser safety 154.10.2 Conforms to Hazard Level 1 M Yes [ ]
laser requirements defined in
IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60825-2
ES3 Temperature, humidity, and 154.10.6 Complies with applicable local M Yes [ ]
handling and national codes for the
limitation of electromagnetic
interference



154.12.4.6 Characteristics of DWDM black link and MDI



Item Feature Subclause Value/Comment Status Support

OC1 DWDM black link 154.8 Meets the requirements in M Yes [ ]
requirements Table 154–9
OC2 MDI requirements 154.11 Meets IEC 61753-1 and IEC INS:M Yes [ ]
61753-021-2 N/A [ ]













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IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems

Annex A


(informative)

Bibliography


Delete reference [B48] for G.709 from Annex A.

Insert new reference before [B48a] (as inserted by IEEE Std 802.3ca-2020) as follows:

[B48] ITU-T Recommendation G.798—Characteristics of optical transport network hierarchy equipment
functional blocks. 7



























































7 ITU-T publications are available from the International Telecommunications Union (https://www.itu.int/).



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems

Annex 83C


(informative)

PMA sublayer partitioning examples


Insert new subclause 83C.4 at the end of Annex 83C as follows:


83C.4 Partitioning examples with SC-FEC


83C.4.1 CAUI-4 with SC-FEC

Figure 83C–8 depicts an example of a single CAUI-4 with SC-FEC.


MAC AND HIGHER LAYERS
RECONCILIATION
CGMII

100GBASE-R PCS
PMA (20:4) MMD 9
CAUI-4
PMA (4:20) MMD 8
SC-FEC
100GBASE-ZR PMA MMD 1
PMD
MDI
MEDIUM


100GBASE-ZR

CAUI-4 = 100 Gb/s FOUR-LANE ATTACHMENT UNIT MMD = MDIO MANAGEABLE DEVICE
INTERFACE PCS = PHYSICAL CODING SUBLAYER
CGMII = 100 Gb/s MEDIA INDEPENDENT INTERFACE PMA = PHYSICAL MEDIUM ATTACHMENT
MAC = MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL PMD = PHYSICAL MEDIUM DEPENDENT
MDI = MEDIUM DEPENDENT INTERFACE SC-FEC = STAIRCASE FORWARD ERROR
CORRECTION
Figure 83C–8—Example single CAUI-4 with SC-FEC



















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems

Annex 135A


(informative)

50 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s PMA sublayer partitioning examples


Insert new subclause 135A.3 at the end of Annex 135A as follows:


135A.3 Partitioning examples of 100GAUI-n with Inverse RS-FEC


135A.3.1 100GAUI-n with Inverse RS-FEC

Figure 135A–9 depicts an example of a single 100GAUI-n with Inverse RS_FEC.


MAC AND HIGHER LAYERS

RECONCILIATION
CGMII

100GBASE-R PCS
RS-FEC
MMD 9
PMA (4:n)
100GAUI-n
PMA (n:4) MMD 8
Inverse RS-FEC
MMD 1
FEC
PMA
PMD
MDI
MEDIUM


100GBASE-P or 100GBASE-Z
100GAUI-n = 100 Gb/s n-LANE ATTACHMENT UNIT MMD = MDIO MANAGEABLE DEVICE
INTERFACE MDI = MEDIUM DEPENDENT INTERFACE
CAUI-4 = 100 Gb/s FOUR-LANE ATTACHMENT UNIT PCS = PHYSICAL CODING SUBLAYER
INTERFACE PMA = PHYSICAL MEDIUM ATTACHMENT
CGMII = 100 Gb/s MEDIA INDEPENDENT INTERFACE PMD = PHYSICAL MEDIUM DEPENDENT
FEC = FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION RS-FEC = REED-SOLOMON FORWARD ERROR
MAC = MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL
CORRECTION
Figure 135A–9—Example single 100GAUI-n with Inverse RS-FEC















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


135A.3.2 CAUI-4 chip-to-chip and 100GAUI-n chip-to-module with Inverse RS-FEC

Figure 135A–10 depicts an example of CAUI-4 chip-to-chip and 100GAUI-n chip-to-module interfaces
with Inverse RS-FEC.


MAC AND HIGHER LAYERS

RECONCILIATION
CGMII

100GBASE-R PCS
PMA (20:4) MMD 11
CAUI-4
PMA (4:20) MMD 10
RS-FEC
MMD 9
PMA (4:n)
100GAUI-n
PMA (n:4) MMD 8
Inverse RS-FEC
FEC
MMD 1
PMA
PMD
MDI
MEDIUM

100GBASE-P or 100GBASE-Z
100GAUI-n = 100 Gb/s n-LANE ATTACHMENT UNIT MDI = MEDIUM DEPENDENT INTERFACE
INTERFACE MMD = MDIO MANAGEABLE DEVICE
CAUI-4 = 100 Gb/s FOUR-LANE ATTACHMENT UNIT PCS = PHYSICAL CODING SUBLAYER
INTERFACE PMA = PHYSICAL MEDIUM ATTACHMENT
CGMII = 100 Gb/s MEDIA INDEPENDENT INTERFACE PMD = PHYSICAL MEDIUM DEPENDENT
FEC = FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION RS-FEC = REED-SOLOMON FORWARD ERROR
MAC = MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL CORRECTION
Figure 135A–10—Example CAUI-4 chip-to-chip and 100GAUI-n chip-to-module with
Inverse RS-FEC



























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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Insert new Annex 154A corresponding to Clause 154 as follows:


Annex 154A

(informative)

Examples of 100GBASE-ZR compliant DWDM black links



154A.1 Introduction



In implementations of the DWDM black link for 100GBASE-ZR, the channels supporting the full duplex
links may be implemented on one fiber per direction, as illustrated in Figure 154A–1, or implemented on

one fiber for both directions, as illustrated in Figure 154A–2.





Opt Tx f h Opt Rx f h


Opt Tx f i Opt Rx f i
TP2 Optical OA Optical TP3
mux OA demux


Opt Tx f k Opt Rx f k



Opt Rx f m Opt Tx f m


Opt Rx f j Optical Optical Opt Tx f j
TP3 demux OA OA mux TP2



Opt Rx f p Opt Tx f p
DWDM black link



Figure 154A–1—DWDM black link example with one fiber per direction



















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems










Opt Tx f h Opt Rx f h


Opt Tx f i Opt Rx f i
TP2 TP3


Optical mux/demux Optical mux/demux
Opt Tx f k Opt Rx f k



Opt Rx f m OA OA Opt Tx f m


Opt Rx f j Opt Tx f j
TP3 TP2



Opt Rx f p Opt Tx f p
DWDM black link



Figure 154A–2—DWDM black link example with one fiber for both directions



154A.2 Relationship between OSNR and average optical power

The DWDM black link requirements for the 100GBASE-ZR PMD are defined in Table 154–9. The

relationship between OSNR and average optical power at TP3 defined in Table 154–9 is illustrated in
Figure 154A–3. The operating ranges in Figure 154A–3 can be roughly divided into two areas, one where
the OSNR is between 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz) and 35 dB (12.5 GHz) together with an average optical power at
TP3 between 0 dBm and –16 dBm and a second range where the OSNR is equal to or larger than 35 dB

(12.5 GHz) together with an average optical power at TP3 between 0 dBm and –27 dBm.



























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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems









45 –27 dBm

OSNR at TP3 dB (12.5 GHz) 35 35 dB (12.5 GHz) –16 dBm 0 dBm
40






30

25


20



15 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz)


10
-2
0
-3 5 -2 5 0 -5
0
0
5

-1
-1
wer at TP3 dBm
P o
Figure 154A–3—100GBASE-ZR OSNR (TP3) requirements versus average receive
power (TP3)
The area for OSNR at TP3  35 dB (12.5 GHz) suggests DWDM black links not containing any optical
amplifiers, because there is no or negligible reduction of OSNR across the DWDM black link from the
minimum transmitter in-band OSNR at TP2 of 35 dB (12.5 GHz). The link performance in this range is
generally loss limited.
On the other hand, the area for OSNR at TP3 between 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz) and 35 dB (12.5 GHz) suggests

DWDM black links containing one or more optical amplifiers, causing a reduction of the minimum
transmitter in-band OSNR at TP2 of 35 dB (12.5 GHz) to the value at TP3. The link performance in this
range is generally OSNR limited.

The boundaries shown in Figure 154A–3 indicate the limits of OSNR and average power at TP3 that the
DWDM black link should stay within to be compliant to the 100GBASE-ZR requirements. The boundaries
also indicate the minimum requirements for a compliant 100GBASE-ZR receiver.


154A.3 Examples of DWDM black link applications with OSNR at TP3
between 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz) and 35 dB (12.5 GHz)

The DWDM black link designed for this region of operation will probably contain one of more optical

amplifiers and the achievable distances across the multi-channel fiber between the optical multiplexer and
demultiplexer will be determined by the ability of these amplifiers to compensate for the loss of this fiber,
while simultaneously meeting the DWDM black link requirements listed in Table 154–9.



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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


For any application over any DWDM black link distance and any number of channels up to 48 the optical
amplifier needs to be designed to achieve the DWDM black link output power and OSNR parameter values
at TP3 from the DWDM black link input parameter values at TP2, both listed in Table 154A–1. This implies
that the channel input power range of –8 dBm to 0 dBm, attenuated by all of the passive components in the
DWDM black link, should be amplified to a channel output range of –16 dBm to 0 dBm.

Specifically in an example application of 40 channels over 80 km of single-mode fiber with a loss
coefficient of 0.25 dB/km, optical multiplexer and demultiplexer loss of 6 dB each and 2 dB loss for
patching panels (between TP2 and TP3), this means that optical amplifiers need to be designed to allow a
total DWDM black link passive loss of 34 dB.

This suggests an amplification between 18 dB per DWDM channel (for maximum difference between


DWDM black link input and output power of 16 dB) and 42 dB per DWDM channel (for a maximum
difference between DWDM black link input and output power of –8 dB).
NOTE—Suitable attenuation coefficients for optical fiber cables operating in the 1550 nm window can be found in
Appendix I of ITU-T G.695. For loss calculations an average value of 0.25 dB/km is used in this annex. The loss values
for optical multiplexer, optical demultiplexer, and patch panels used in the examples in this annex are conservative.
Other loss values may lead to other potential distances.


Table 154A–1—DWDM black link channel power and OSNR requirements for OSNR at TP3
between 19.5 dB (12.5 GHz) and 35 dB (12.5 GHz)


Description Value Unit
Average channel power at TP2 –8 to 0 dBm
OSNR at TP2 (min) 35 dB (12.5 GHz)

Average channel power at TP3 –16 to 0 dBm
OSNR at TP3 19.5 to 35 dB (12.5 GHz)


154A.4 Example of DWDM black link applications with OSNR at TP3 greater
than or equal to 35 dB (12.5 GHz)

The DWDM black link designed for this region of operation will not cause a reduction of the OSNR from

input to output and therefore it can be assumed to be completely passive.

The achievable distances across the fiber between TP2 and TP3 will be determined by the total loss from

TP2 to TP3, minus the total loss of the optical multiplexer and demultiplexer and the loss of potentially

present patch panel connectors. The maximum allowable loss from TP2 to TP3 can be calculated from the
difference between the minimum average receive power (at TP3) and the minimum transmitter average
channel output power (at TP2), which is 19 dB.


In Table 154A–2, Table 154A–3, Table 154A–4, and Table 154A–5, four examples of DWDM black link
applications with OSNR at TP3 greater than or equal to 35 dB (12.5 GHz), with associated assumptions for
losses of optical multiplexer/demultiplexer, patch panel, and cabled fiber loss coefficient, are provided.
Different assumptions will give different results of achievable transmission distances. The example in

Table 154A–5 is a separate case, because the DWDM black link does not contain an optical multiplexer or
optical demultiplexer, so that the fiber plant inside the DWDM black link is not a multi-channel link, but
rather a single channel link, and therefore a conventional point-to-point Ethernet application where the
PMDs at TP2 and TP3 are connected only via a combination of fiber and optical connectors.





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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems



Table 154A–2—40 channel example DWDM black link application
with OSNR (TP3)  35 dB (12.5 GHz)

Description Value Unit

Available loss budget TP2 to TP3 19 dB
Allocation for loss of 40 channel optical multiplexer 6 dB
Allocation for loss of 40 channel optical demultiplexer 6 dB
Allocation for loss of patch panels 2 dB

Remaining loss available for multi-channel fiber plant 5 dB
Potential distance for 0.25 dB/km cabled fiber attenuation coefficient 20 km



Table 154A–3—16 channel example DWDM black link application
with OSNR (TP3)  35 dB (12.5 GHz)


Description Value Unit
Available loss budget TP2 to TP3 19 dB

Allocation for loss of 16 channel optical multiplexer 4 dB
Allocation for loss of 16 channel optical demultiplexer 4 dB
Allocation for loss of patch panels 2 dB
Remaining loss available for multi-channel fiber plant 9 dB
Potential distance for 0.25 dB/km cabled fiber attenuation coefficient 36 km



Table 154A–4—4 channel example DWDM black link application
with OSNR (TP3)  35 dB (12.5 GHz)


Description Value Unit

Available loss budget TP2 to TP3 19 dB
Allocation for loss of 4 channel optical multiplexer 2 dB
Allocation for loss of 4 channel optical demultiplexer 2 dB

Allocation for loss of patch panels 2 dB
Remaining loss available for multi-channel fiber plant 13 dB
Potential distance for 0.25 dB/km cabled fiber attenuation coefficient 52 km















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IEEE Std 802.3ct-2021
IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 13:
Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 100 Gb/s Operation over DWDM Systems


Table 154A–5—1 channel example DWDM black link application
with OSNR (TP3)  35 dB (12.5 GHz)


Description Value Unit
Available loss budget TP2 to TP3 19 dB

Allocation for loss of patch panels 2 dB
Remaining loss available for fiber plant 17 dB
Potential distance for 0.25 dB/km cabled fiber attenuation coefficient 68 km




































































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