UNLOCK 004

GRAMIMAR FOR RIT!NG K
E
Subject-Verb-Object

A sentence is about a subject. The subject is a pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase.
The verb is after the subject in a sentence.

subject: LL MeL ho.s Lunch. Mg grand,fat*ler reocds 0- neuspacper.
Mg sLsLer oooks d,Lnner.
verb: LL MeL has Lunch. Mg gr*nd,f*Lher reo.A.s a- neospeper. Mg sLsLer

cnoks d-Lnner.

A sentence can have an object. The object is a pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase.
The object is after the verb.

object: LL MeL e*Ls her Utnc,h. Mg gro"nd.lo.bher rea.ds 0. newsp6+er.
Mg sLsLer cooks d,wver.

A prepositional phrase after a verb is not an object.

AbduLLoh sLudLes tn bhe lihra.rg. He LLves tn Coaxo.

A pronoun, a noun or a noun phrase after is or are is not an object.

Ab&uLLoh Ls a sbud,enL. MeLod-g *nd. GLnger o,re sbtd,enLs.

I Read the sentences below. Put a tick (/) if the bold word or phrase is

an object.

1 Kombai life is very different.
2 Attila does his homework in the morntng.
3 Every morning, I have a shower.
4 Somlek studies Maths.

5 Ayge has orange juice and coffee in the morning.
6 Kombai men hunt in the jungle.

7 My teacher asks questions.
8 Milena Telak works in Coober Pedy.

2 Work with a partner. Correct the mistakes in the sentences (l-5) betow.
1 The Kombai meat eat.
2 Kombai men animals hunt.
3 Books Rebecca Moore writes.
4 Abduttah in the library reads books.
5 Melody drinks in the morning coffee.

UNTACK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

Present simple
We use the Present simple to talk about our typical lifestyle.

I ha-ve u shower everg mornlng.

lf the subject of the sentence is third person and singular (e.g. he, she, it, Faisal,
Kate, my cot), we add -s to the verb.

He rea-d,s books. Ko-Le LLsLens Lo muslc. Mg caU Lkes mLLk.

lf the verb is go, we add -es. lf the verb is have, we use hcs.

)iilrgr. Fa"LsuL goes Lo Lhe

cLnemo. on Mondag evenLngs. . t Mg moLher h*s bre*ktwsL wL

8 a,m.

3 Read the text. Circle the correct forms of the verbs.

/ /Noreen \1) is area student in my class. This (2) is are hertimetable
/She (r) study studies English at university. She v) get up / gets up
/at 6 am. She(s) have hos breakfast at 6.30 am. On Mondays and
/Wednesdays, Noreen \6) have has a study Sroup at ll am. She
/ /t7) have haslunch at12.30 pm every day. She @ study studies

in the [ibrary from 3 to 6 pm. She (e) go / goes to the cinema with
friends on Sundavs. Noreen r0) is / are a serious student.

Time expressions

Time expressions say when or how often something happens. One type of time
expression is every + a noun for time.

I readu a. book everg week She h*s EngLLsh cLoss everg Wed,nesd.a4

a#,ernoon. Theg plo-g tooLba-Ll averg mornlng.

Another type of time expression is a prepositiona[ phrase for time. The type of
phrase that fotlows the preposition shows which preposition to use.

. at+ clocktime: aL 10 arn, ai 3 pm
. in + part of the day: tn the morning, rn the oftxxnoon, tn the evemng
. on + day of the week: on Mondag , on Tuesd.a4s
. on + day of the week + part of the day: on Mondag morning , on Tuesd.a4

o-ftxxnoon, on FriA,o,4 evening, on Sund,oq m4hL

UNTACK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

4 Write at, in or on in the gaps.

I Simon ptays tennis _Saturday morning 8 am.
2 evening, Abdullah studies in the [ibrary.

_3 Monday, I have English ctass 2 pm.
4 |-ttahlketo my family the evening.
- _5 Tuesday morning, David has Maths ll am.
6 Aftab goes to university Monday and Thursday.
7 -| do my homework
the evening.

8 My father goes to work 7 am every day.

-

ACADEMIC RITING-SKILLS

SpeIting

ln the alphabet, the vowels are a, e, i o and u. The other letters are consonants.

To make the third person singular form of a verb in the present simple, we need
to follow spelling rules.

+We add -s if the verb ends in a consonant (e.g. read reads) or a consonant
)sound (e.g. write writes).
)We replace -y with -ies if the verb ends in a consonant * -/ (e.g. study

studies)

. )We add -es if the verb ends in a vowel (e.g go goes)
. 9We add -s if the verb ends in a vowel * -y (e.g. say says)

t )Some verbs are irregular (e.9. have has, be is)

1 Write the third person singular form of the Present simple verb

infinitive third person singular
qof rrn

se[[

8o
study

pay
nave

Put the letters in the correct order to make the names of subiects.
Use the glossary on page 'l95 to hetp you.

I ahtms ryshito H
lobiogy B
2 snegihl

3 siphcsy oroonhrrna C

4 regeingnine F

UNL'CK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

Write facts about the lifestyie of a student in your class.

WRITE A FIRST Look at the timetable lou made in the CriticalThinking section.
DRAFT
Look at the sentences below and write answers in the gaps that are true
EDIT for your partner.

This is (student's name)is a student in my class.
(his/her) timetable.

Write sentences that are true for your partner.

I Write a sentence abput the subject(s) he/she studies.

2 Write a sentence abput the time he/she gets up.
3 Write four sentenceg about his,/her school or university timetable.
4 Write two sentences about his/her evenings and free time.

Use the task checklist fo review your sentences.

Do your sentences use the Present simple to describe your

partner's lifestyle?
Did you add -s to the Present simple third person?
Do your sentences say when your partner does things (e.g. ln
the evening, on Monday morning, etc.)?

Did you use prepositional phrases at the beginning or the end of

a sentence?

Does every sentence have a subject and a verb?

lf a sentence has an object, is the object after the verb?

5 Make any necessary clianges to your sentences

UNLdCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 1

oBJECTTVES REVTEW

6 Check your objectives.

I n...

watch and understand very not very
a video about a mining well well
town in Australia
not very
scan a text to find well well
information using key
not very
words well

spelI Present simple third morning (n)
Physics (n)
person singular verbs well Science (n)
study (v)
write facts Tuesday (n)

WORDLIST Engineering (n) rv (n) :
evening (n)
afternoon (n) Friday (n) viltage (n)
Art (n) Geography (n) watch (n)
Biotogy (n) History (n) Wednesday (n)
Humanities (n) work (n and v)
Business (n) tate (adj)
caf6 (n) Literature (n)
car (n) Management (n)
Chemistry (n) Maths (n)
cook (v) Monday (n)

different (adj)
earty (adj)
Economics (n)

,a| '!t,,

1 ! r,,,,,

t l21 t1

I'.\..

_u

r!:

rMitli

WzuL#CW YC U iA K ru O\$/LED {;8"

tr Match the famous places (l-6)to the correct cities (a-f),
| | ne Louvre
a lstanbul

2 The Sphinx b Dubai

3 Taipei 101 c San Francisco

4 Palm lsland d Paris

5 The Golden Gate Bridge e Taipei
6 The Blue Mosque
f Giza

? Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions (1-3) below.
1 Do you know other famous places?
2 Where are they?

3 What are famous places in your country?

TOPREPARING ATCI-I

{ J t J i:F_R51'Ahi GD I l'.,i 1 Write the words from the box in the gaps.

K E'/ VOf,:F, B rJ t_-{ R"\' mountains capital city tower races cheese Tourists

vrsit famous places on holiday. They take

photographs.

2 Michael Phelps is a famous swimmer. He wins a[[ his

3 My favourite tunch is bread, and an apple

4 Fuji,Jebet Hafeet, Airr Da[r, and Kitimanjaro are famous

5 The of China is Beijing.

LJ5l|"iG YriLJfl 6 'Big Ben' is the name of a famous clock in London

KNCI\ i t-L[)GE t'i] 2 You are going to watch a video about France. Before you watch, read the

flF.{: L}| (-T eONT[]i''l'f quiz questions (1-5) and circle the correct answers (a-c).

:"'i li:..:, : Which of the fomous ploces below is in

" This week ... Frqnce Poris?

. I Which is the French flog? @ ihe Goloto Tower
@ the EiffelTower
2 Whot is the copitol city of Frcnce? @ the Sphinx

@ Lyon Which kinds of food below ore fomous in
@ Morseille
@ Poris Fronce?

@ homburgers ond cheese
@ sousoges ond pizzo

€ breod ond cheese

Which of the mountoins below ore in

Fronce?

@ the Alps ond the Pyrenees
@ the Pyrenees ond the Andes

the Andes ond fhe Urols

RIADiNG ;\l-lD i/RiTiNG sKll-l-5

l; Watch the video. Check vour answers to the MAIN IDEAS
{4 Watch again. Circle the numbers you near.
LISTENING FOR

KEY INFORM ION

Read the sentences (1-5) betow and write the led numbers from

Exercise 4 in the gaps. fl.8.
tourists visit the
I There are colours in the F
-2 There are many tourists in Paris. - Louvre.
bread in France.
Eiffel Tower every year. cheese in France.

3 There are works of art in
4 There are different kinds
5 There are different kinds

DISCUSSION

6 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questio s (La) betow.

I What is the capitat city of your country?

2 Are there many tourists in the capital city of country?

3 What kinds of food are poputar in your

4 Are there any mountains in your:country?

I

READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

PRE RING TO READ

UNDERS NDING Match the words (l-7)to their definitions (a-g).

KEY VOCABULARY 1 explore a one part of the text of a book

PREVIEWING 2 table of contents b very otd
3 chapter
4 modern c very new

5 discover d a picture that shows countries, cities, roacs,

mountains, etc.

6 ancient e part of a book that shows the order of things
7 map
f to find something

g to look for something

Read the sentences 0--6) betovr/and write the words from the oox
in the gaps. Use the glossary ori paSe '196 to help you.

rivers Lake forest Sea Ocean mountains

I Baikal in Russia is very big and cotd.
2 There are 2l different countries on the Mediterranean

3 The Pyrenees are between France and Soain.

4 There are many trees in a

5 The Danube and the Nile are famous

6 The Pacific is between America and Asia.

Look at the texts and the picture. Read the questions (1-3) and circte
the correct answers (a-c).

1 What is the book about?
a the history of the world
b the history of China
c the history of maps

2 The price of the book is:
a 516.75
b 116.7s
c €16.75

3 The picture shows
a a modern map of the world
b an ancient map of the world

c a photograph of the world

UNTECK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

FeedbacklHelplClose

A World History Introduction )
of Maps
1 First maps of the world 9
0Y au-l-
2 The ancientworld 45
Add tsr lSasket 2.1 Greek maps 57
2.2 Roman road mans 75
Price: from lil6./5
3 China 93
i;ri t::! !,: I ,,tli:::lii 3.1 Early maps from Qjn State 97
In irere.iuc i.ien 3.2 Han Dynasty maps 111
3.3 Pei Xiu's map of Asia 1.25
ar 4.2
4 Arab maps 137
A World History
of Maps 4.1 Book of the appearance of the Earth by Al-Khwafizmi171

by J-Aflqui 4.2 Muhammad al-Idrisi's world map 183

/\dd ter Eiaskei 5 Exploring the world 197
5.1 DiscoveringAmerica 241'
Price: frorn ifjr6"75 5.2 Ribeiro's first scientific world map 255

-[able oi'conterrts 6 Maps and satellite photographs 273
Introeiuetion
Index 301
'.'t'., ;'.:, /1',
Figure 4.3: World Map by Muhammad al-Idrisi, 1154

Muhammad a1-Idrisi came from Morocco. In his life, Al-Idrisi

travelled to Asia, France, trngland and Spain.

Al-Idrisi's map of the world is called the Tabula Rogeriana in
Europe. The map is in Arabic. His map helped people travel from
country to country.

The map shows North Africa, Europe, and South and East Asia.
There are many European countries on the map. There is Norway
in the north, Spain in the west, and Italy in the south. The map also
shows India and China.

There are forests, rivers, lakes, mountains, seas and oceans on the

map. Al-Idrisi's map shows the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian
Ocean and the river Nile.

HILE READING

4 Scan the tabte of contents. Which chapter of the book has information

about the things betovji?

I maps by Pei Xiu

2 maps of ancient Greece
3 maps by Al-Khwarizr'ni
4 modern maps
5 maps of ancient Rorpe

5 Scan the texts again arid find the continents and countries that are
mentioned, Circle t in the table below.

Asia Mexico
Australia Spain
Europe Norway
Africa Malaysia
America China

5 Read part of Chapter 4.2. Write true (T) or false (F) next to the

4 India is on the map.

5 There are lakes on tljre map.

uNrrcK READTNG AND WRTING ST|LLS I

PH{F.PAR{ NqG I L] Ft[.]./\D

? Circle the word in each group that is different. Use a dictionary to

help you.

I lake river sea France

2 shop road school factory
3 ocean airport harbour train station
4 dive drive surf swim

2 Match the words (l-a)to their definitions (a-d). Use a dictionary to

help you. a very good to eat or drink
b money in a country
'| currency

2 population

3 tourism c the number of peopte in a place
4 delicious d business with tourists

L--

an internationalairport in the Maldives

[fh!Ldf[{ READTNG AND WtltTtNG 5t(tt_5 I

PRE.VI[WING Look at the headings in the text and the photographs. Circle the

correct options (a-c).

1 | think this text comes from a book about

a the history of a country.

b the history of maps.

c information for tourists.

2 | think a traditional kind of food in the Maldives is
b frsh.
a rice. c beef.

3 | think a popular sport in the Maldives is

a football. b tennis. c swrmmrnS.

HILE READING

R.EADING FCR 4 Read the text. Match the topics (1-B) betow to the paragraphs (A-H)

MAIN IDEAS in the text,

K 1 languages 5 hobbies and sports
E 6 where the Maldives are
2 the population 7 traditionalfood
3 a young Maldivian's home 8 the capital city
4 the economy

Reading for main ideas

Many texts have paragraphs. A paragraph is part of a long text. Each paragraph
has one topic or main idea. When we read for the main ideas in a text, we read
each paragraph to find:

. the topic (e.9. family, weather, university).
. the important information about the topic (e.g. the number of brothers and

sisters a person has;the average rainfail in summer;the reason a student wants
to study).

AL-ld.rLsL's ma2 ol Lhe worLd. Ls e*LLed. bhe TnbuLa Rogeri,*nn in Europe.

The mo-p Ls Ln Aro;b'tc. HLs mup heLped. peopLe bra.veL from counbrg Lo

counLrg.

Al-ldrisis map is the topic.The important information about the topic isthe
name of the mao.

Drsc[.issroN

5 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions (l-5) betow.

I Where is your country?

2 What is the poputation of your country?
3 What is the capital city of your country?
4 What languages do peopte speak in your country?
5 What are important businesses in your country?

UNI-d)CK READING AND WRITING SKILLs I

The Maldives oficFt,.,ll=l-. Ni/\iVl [:.: Repu b I
Maldives
The Maldives are islands in the Indian Ocean.
The islands are near Sri Lanka. The Maldives irorrL,! [-At't{)N,!' 360, 000
are famous for their good climate, beautiful [:/.\F'! iA[- CE-iY: Male
beaches and warm seas. (i[:O(ill,\p['.{Y: 1,1 90 isla nds
C! llV{l\[H:: good, average
There are 360,000 people in the Maldives. temperature 30 "C
Most people live on small islands. r=ANCiuiAGEs' Dhivehi and
English
The capital city of the Maldives is Male. lt is a RE[-nGlOlN: lslam
modern city with an international airport and a
big harbour. CLiRF{Eh!C:Y: rufiyaa
li$tltjs't=F?Y tourism and fishing
People in Male speak English and Dhivehi.
English is useful because many tourists come
nere.

Tourism and fishing are the most important
businesses in the Maldives. Many people work
in tourist resorts. Others work as fishermen or
in fish factories. The currency is the rufiyaa.

Ahmed Faiz, 19

I live on an island south of Mal6. Life on my

island is very simple. There are some shops
and one mosque. We speak Dhivehi, but
we also learn English in high school.

ONE OF THE MALDIVES' The Maldives are famous
BEAUTIFUL BEACHES for their fish. The most
popular food here is
garudiya. lt's a delicious

fish soup.

People in the Maldives 96.
like to swim and dive.
*lnrue6 FAtza

[JI'{[dEK READING AND WRITING SKII.Ls 1

VOCABULA FOR FLACES IN A CITY

E T Write the words from the box in the correct places on the picture

museum train station university library monument
bridge bank factory park fountain

r--r f_1.
/ll-n;E-f;fii{tilIltmE-t EnIi ]EEI

lLfIl!Al

& &
&
t.?r t

w/"$

q/\f#r

qr('#\J

UN!-cae K READING AND WRITING SKiLLS I

Noun phrases with of

One type of noun phrase is a noun * of * a noun.

P*rLs Ls the oapikaL oLf,g of Fra.noe. PwrLs Ls Ln bhe cenbre of bhe

counbrg. ThLs book Ls *bouL Lhe hLslnrg of Jaqan.

2 Match the sentence hatves. a of the United States,
b of art in the Louvre.
1 A World History c of Belgium are Dutch and French.
2 The capitalcity d of Maps.
e of the Maldives is Ma[6.
3 The dollar is the currency
4 The main languages
5 There are 30,000 works

3 Write the words from the box in the correct ptaces on the picture.

ctiff farm hitt desert valley mountains
beach sea fietd forest

*€!r.,+d*=2<a*;:!:ry--*

fe:i- ,

UNLd€K READING AND WRITING SKILLS 1

I.

At the end of this unit, you wi[[ write facts. Look at this unit's writing task in
the box below.

Write facts about your aountry.

CRE E I Put the topics in the box in a logical order. Write them in column A of the

table below.

A B

the topic key words for the topic

1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

APPLY 2 Think of key words for your country. Write the key words for each topic

in column B of the table above.

UNLACK READING AND WRITING SI(ILLS I

GRAN4N/AR FOR WRITING K
E
/there is there are

/We use there is there are to say that something exists. We use there is before

singular nouns and there are 5efore plurat nouns.

singular:

There Ls *n d*porb Ln Ma.L6,.
There Ls a mosque on Ahmwd, FaLz's LsL*nd".

There Ls a- {*mous briA,ge Ln San FruncLsco.

plural:

There are 3O,OOO .rarorks of wrb Ln Lhe Louvre.
The.re ate 35O d,LtterenL ktnd.s ol oheese.

There a,re 360,000 penpLe Ln Lhe Mo-Ld,Lves.

I Put the words in order to make sentences.
/ /1 are in my country different kinds / fhere / of business / .

/ // /2 36 languages in Senegal/ there are .

3 airports /threelmodern / mycity/ are/in/fhere/.

4 Seoul / There / of artl museum / in / a/ is / 6ig/ .

5 patace/famous / a / fhere / my / in / city / is / .

Read the sentences (l-8) betow. Put a tick if they are correct and a cross if
they are wrong.
1 There are many kinds of bread in Russra.
2 There is a deserts in Egypt.
3 There is many parks in London.

4 In Thailand, there are many islands

5 There have many people injakarta.
6 There are in lstanbul many bridges.
7 They are many famous monuments in Rome.

8 ls a famous museum in my city.

Correct the wrong sentences in Exercise 2.

UNLOCK READING AND WRITING sKILLs 'I

Determiners: artic[es

We use articles before a noun or before an adiective + noun. There are four
articles: a, an, the and the zero article.

We use the before the names of:

. rivers - lhe rLvex Danube, lhe rLvex Nd,e-, lhe rLvex 'lhalmes
o seas - tlre North Sen, t)4e MeA)**.rranen*t Se*, lhe Bl,o,* Se*
oceans -the Pas,&r. Ocxan, I*'te ALl,o,nUn Ocxtn, lhe lndun Ocx.an ot
.
. many famous places - the GaJ,afu" Towex, ile Ertk) Tooex, the Towex

Londnn
. 'united'countries -lhe UniLeA Aro,b Emualns, lhe Uni**j, Ktngd.om, Ihe
VnikeA Sln'*x,s of Amexirn
.
. groups of islands -Ihe PhUt4pines., lhe MdALves, lhe Azores
groupsof mountains-lhe Andns, the ALps, the Hinala,4o.s

We use no article (the zero article) before the names of:

. -continents Asi.o-, Amexirt , Europe
. countries -Engl.o,nd., Chtna,, Turke4
. cities-Abu DhlhL, Bo,ngkok, Shanghal

4 Read the sentences (1-6) below and write the or 0 (for zero article) in

the gaps.

1 My family comes from Chite.

2 Chile is in South America.

3 We live near -Pacific Ocean.
- -4 Andes are the highest mountains in my country.

5 My sister lives in United States.

-5 She works in Chicago.

-
-5 Correct the mistakes in the sentences (l-7) betow.
I I come from the lndia.

2 The Paris is popular with tourists.

3 There are many tall buildings in the Abu Dhabi

4 There are 3 miltion people in the Nagoya in theJapan.

5 United Kingdom is in the Europe.

6 Many people live in the Cairo

7 Ura[ mountains are in Russia.

UNtdCK READING AND WRITING sKILLs I

SPELLING AND PUNCTU ION

Look at the country names and write vowels in the gaps to make the
correct nationality names.

The United Arab Emirates

2 Correct the punctuation in the sentences (l-5) below. Add capital letters

and ful[ stoos.

I i come from abu dhabi

2 there are many beautifulfountains in rome
3 the climate is good in the maldives
4 there are four main islands in japan
5 chicken is very popular in malaysia

UNLOCK READING AND WRITING sKILLs I

Write facts about your counfty.

I Read the [ist of topics dnd key words you wrote for your country in the

Critical Thinking section.

2 Write two sentences for each topic. Use the key words to help you.

The co.pLLo.L of mg oountrg Ls Bangkok. There Ls a tamovs fft leum

tn Bo.ngkok caLLedu Uhe NaULonaL Mu:aum.

The popuLo"LLon ol T o.LLand- Ls 7O,OOO,OO0. Thare o.re md-nu Uorng

peopLe Ln mg oountrgi

3 Use the task checklist to review your sentences.

Are your sentbnces in a logical order?
Did you use the before the names of rivers, seas, oceans, some
countries and famous b[aces?

Did you use the no article (the zero article) before the names of

continents. some countries and cities?
Did you use there is ... is before a singular noun?
Did you use there are .,.is before a plural noun?
Did you begin names fbr cities, countries and adjectives for
nationality with a capital tetter?

4 Make any necessary changes to your sentences.

UNLdCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 1

oBJECTTVES REVTEW

5 Check your objectives.

lcan...

watch and understand a very not very
wetl
video about France

well

read for the main ideas very not very
well well

use capital letters for city very not very
well
and country names

we[[

write facts very - not very
well well

WORDLIST

bank (n) flsh (n) river (n)
beach (n) forest (n) road (n)
bridge (n) fountain (n) schoot(n)
capital city (n) hitt(n) sea (n)
ctiff (n) tibrary (n) shop (n)
desert (n) monument (n) train station (n)
factory (n) mountain (n) university (n)
farm (n) museum (n) vattey (n)
fietd (n) park (n)

UNLdCK READING AND WRITING SKILL5 1



UNLACK YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Read the sentences (i-5) betow and write the jobs from the box in the
gaps. Use a dictionary to help you.

architect manager softwareengineer
nurse primaryschoolteacher

designs buildings.
looks after people in

manages software.
teaches younB children.

UNDERSTANDING I Write the words in the gaps. Use the glossary on page l9B to help you.
KEY VOCABULA.RY
symbol cook deliver lunch kitchen paint

I My brother is a . He makes good food.

2 Children pictures of houses. their mother and their

father.

3 | have at 2 pm. I eat with my family.

4 Postmen letters to houses and offices.

5 This is an examole of a v

6 There are five rooms in my house. This room is my

UNDERS NDING 2 Watch the video about the 'dabbawaltas' of Mumbai and circle the
MAIN IDEAS
correct options (a-c).

I Mumbai is

a a busy city.
b a quiet city.
c a small city.

2 Dabbawallas deliver lunch
a to schools.
b to offices.
c to homes.

3 Dabbawaltas deliver food by
a train and bicycte.
b bicycle onty.
c car and motorbike.

UNI'CK READING AI..ID WRITING sKILLs 'I

3 Watch again and circle the correct words in the notes betow. LISTENING FOR

KEY INFORM ION

-Y'ud,oo DahbawdLous
' - /ln Mumbo.L LOo,Ooo (1) dabbnwalLas workers

' /@ Cooks DabbawatLas pub Lunches Ln LLttLn bLns
. lUtlLn LLns ) /6 bu; tra)n sLwLLon

' w /Do,bbawo'LLo.s @
e n&mes palnL sgmboLs on

Lr,|tLn LLns

' 6 /4,ooo 5,ooo d.wbbwwa-LLo-s Ln Mutmbo-L

DISCUSSION

4 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions below.

I ls the dabbawallas' job easy or difficult?

2 Do peopte deliver food to offices and homes in your country?

What kind of food do thev deliver?

UNLACK READING AND WRITING sKILLs 1

PRE RING TO READ

PREVNEWING I Look at the texts. Where are they from? Circle the correct answer (a-c)

UNDERS NDING a a website for tourists c a website for food and drink
b a website for jobs
KEY VOCABULARY
Match the sentences. Use a dictionary to help you understand the words

in bold.

I My mother teaches at a university. a His salary is Sl20,OO0 a year.
b She has a lot of experience.
2 Faisal is an employert. c She trains teachers.
d His company has 2OO
3 My sister is a good software engineer.
4 Pankaj is an architect in Los Angeles.

worKers.

Read the sentences (1-6) betow and write the words from the box
in the gaps. Use the glossary on page .l98 to help you,

1 Fruit is

2 Daria runs every morning. She is very

3 Meryem speaks Turkish and Engtish.

4 I have a job. I work two hours after school.

5 Osman is a popular student - he is very

6 I have a job. I work from Monday to Friday.

HILE READING

SCANNING TO 4 Scan the texts. Write words from the texts in the gaps.

FIND INFORM ION text A '.:;: .:rlr 1

I What is the job? il.

:::t t:; i :r

(1) (z)
P;LLOL

2 Which country is the 6) G\ Joqan

job in?

3 Who is the employer? (5) K*nhrxoshma-
Prrnarg Sc}tool
Re{L Hospital.
0)
4 What is the salary? CNY16,8OO pw mo4lh G)
(s)
5 ls the job full-time FT PT

(FT)or part-time (PT)?

UNLdCK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 'I

EA(S): Re i Hospitat
qIOB(S):
Renji Hospital is parl of Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine. We train and teach
doctors and nurses.

We are looking for a nurse to work at the hospital
and train student nurses. You have to work earlv
mornings and late nights.

Applicants must have 1O years' experience, They
musi also speak fluent Chinese and English.

SA : CNY i16,800 per month

n: Full-time (including weekends)

.roB(s): I FlyHigh is a small company in Mumbai, We provide

N I private air transport in Asia.
r I We are looking for a pilot. All our pilots are friendly
,
Applicants must have 2 years' experience, You have
g I *::I"lTto work
You must be fit and healthy.
A(S): I s : INR 200,000 per journey
"IOB(S): T n: Parl-time

Kitahiroshima is a private English school. Our staff
are friendly and interested in teaching children.
We are looking for a Maths teacher to teach
grades 1-3.
Applicants must have a university education.
They must speak English.

SA : JPY 320,000 per month
T n: Full-time

UNL'CK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

Reading for detail

Reading for detailmeans checking that you understand a text. One way of
checking for detail is to follow the steps below:

. Ask a question (e.9. Renji Hospitaltrains nurses - is this true or false?)
. Scan the text to find key words and sentences (e.9. Renji, train, nurses, doctors)
. Read that sentence to frnd the correct answer: b p We train and teach doctors

and nurses.)

READING FOR DT IL 5 Read the texts again. Write true (T) or false (F) next to the statements

K (1-6) betow.
E
1 The pilot at FlyHigh must speak three languages.
2 The teacher at Kitahiroshima Primary School has to teach grade 12.
3 The nurse at Renji Hospital must have lO years' experience.
4 Teachers at Kitahiroshima Primary School are friendly.
5 Pilots at FlyHigh have to work nights.
6 The nurse at Renji Hospital must speak two languages.

WORKING OUT READING BET EEN TIIE LINES
MEANING FR.OM
CONTEXT 6 Read the texts again and underline the words from the box below.

location applicant education medicine

DISCUSSION

I Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions below.

1 What jobs do people in your family do?

2 Do you have a job? Why / Why not?

3 Where can you find information about jobs?
4 Which jobs are the most difficult? Why?

UNI'CK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 'I

PRE RIF{G T'C READ UNDERs NDING

'N Read the sentences (l-7) below and write the words and phrases From the KEY VOCABULARY

box in the gaps. Use a dictionary to help you.

soon fitness instructor great appty
long hours gym tink

I Tetris is a computer game. I ptay it every day.

2 This is an exampte of a : www.cambridge.org
3 You are going to read three texts

4 Thousands of people for a job with Google

every aay.

5 Yunis is a in Liverpool. He teaches people exercise.

6 Doctors and nurses work They start work early anc

they finish late.

7 Phuong likes doing exercise. She goes to the every

morntng.

F[NLE READIING SCANNING TO

2 Scan the texts on the next page. Write the correct jobs in the gaps. FIND INFORM ION

I The emaiI to Qag is about a job as a K
E
2 The emailto Erik is about a iob as a
3 The emaiIto Daria is about a iob as a READING FOR

3 Scan the texts again. W rite the correct city or town in the gaps EE IL

I The job for Qat is in

2 The job for Erik is in
3 The job for Daria is in

Scan the texts again. Write the correct number(s) in the gaps.

I Daria must teach grades to .

2 There are students in a fitness class at the gym

f3 The salary for Erik's job is - Per month.

Read the texts again. Write (C) for Cag, (f) for Erik or (D) for Daria next to
the statements (1-5) below.

'| HelShe must be good with people.

2 He/She has to be fluent in three languages.

3 He/She must have two years' experience
4 He/She has to get up early.

5 He/She must work [onR hours.

UNI-G1CK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 'l

QaO!

I have found a great job for you. lt's for a full-time fitness instructor. The job is at David
Allen's lrish Gym in Manchester.

You have to get up early in the morning. There are 12 students in each group. You

have to be very friendly and good with people. The wages are very good - they pay

t2B an hour. You don't have to work on Friday or Saturday.
I think you'll like this job. Here's the lirik: www.ukjobs.co.uk/Fitness-insiructor

Apply soon!

Erik,

I have found a great job for you. It's in Oslo - here's the link: wwwitcompanv.org/jobs

I know this company.

The job is for a software engineer. It's full-time. They pay f,4,750 per month!
You must have a university degree (in computer science!) and you have to have 2 years'

experience. It also says that you must speak Norwegian. You don't have to speak fluent
Norwegian - so it's OK for you.

Please apply soon!

Love,

Momx

Dear Daria, ..:

lhope you're well. I have a great job foryou. lthinkyou'll like it- it's in South Korea! fl

I know you love Korean movies, especially movies with Cha Tae-hyun.
The job is in Yeonggwang. lt's a small town in the south of the country.

The job is at a high school. You have to teach English and French to grades l0 to 12.

You speak fluent English and French (and Russian!)
You don't have to speak Korean so this is a great job foryou. You have to work long
hours. But you are a very serious teacher. I know you work hard.

Here's the link:

Cood luck!

Oliver

UNLACK READING AND WRITING 5I(ILLS 1

DISCUSSION
6 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions below.

I What jobs are poputar with young people in your country?

2 What job(s) woutd you like to do?
3 What job(s) woutd you not [ike to do?

vocABULA FORJOBS
I Make sentences about jobs. Write the verb phrases from the box in the

correct places in column B of the table.

Write the prepositional phrases from the box in the correct places in
column C of the table. Remember to write the fu[[ stoo.

UNIOCK READING AND WRITING SKILLs 'I

Adjective phrases

An adjective phrase describes the subject of the sentence. The adjective phrase is
after a form ofthe verb to be.
One type of adjective phrase is very + an adjective.

PLLoLs ho-ve Lo be verg LnteLLtgenL Nurses musL be verg krnd'.
Another type of adjective phrase is an adjective + and + an adjective.

PrLoLs musL be tLL a.nd- heolbhg. Nurses ho-ve Lo be kind, and" heLptuL.
Another type of adjective phrase is good at + a noun or good with + a noun.

PtLoLs ho-ve Lo be good" ab Ma.bhs. Nursas musL be good. wLbh peopLe.

3 Read the sentences (1-10) and circle the best words and phrases.

I A fireman has to be smart / fit and strong.
2 A primary schoolteacher has to 6e good with food / kind and patient.
3 A fireman doesn't have to be good with people / fit and healthy.
/4 A doctor must be very intelligent very fit and strong.

5 A nurse doesn't have to be good with computers / good with people.

6 A software engineer has to be good at Maths / kind and patient.
7 A flight attendant has to be polite and friendly / creative.

8 A fitm director must be very creative / polite and friendly.
9 An actor doesn't have to be beautiful / creative.
l0 A chef has to be good with food / smart.

At the end of this unit, you will write sentences. Look at this unit's writing
task in the box below.

Write a description of a job for a friend.

Questionnaires
A questionnaire is a list of questions. We use questionnaires to discover new

information.
One kind of questionnaire is a Likert scale.In a Likert scate, you read a statement
then circle the answer that is true for vou.

t"tNLcjCK READING AND WRITING 5KILLS I

I Read the statements and circle the answer that is true for vou UNDERS ND

I = strongly disogree I om very smort,

2 = disogree 12345
3 = neither ogree nor disogree
4 = ogree lom good of Moths,
5 = strongly ogree
12345
lom very heolthy.
I om very creotive.
12345
12345
I om fit ond sfrong.
t0 I om good with computers,
12345
12345
I om good with people. lt lom good with qnimols.

12345 234

I om very pofient. 12 I om good ol foreign longuoges.

12345 12345

lom kind ond helpful.

234

I om good with children.

12345

2 Work with a partner, Read your partner's answers to the questionnaire. APPLY

Choose the best job for your partner from the box below.

manaSer software engineer doctor teacher
actor fitness instructor vet

UNLcICK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

GRAN/IMAR FOR R.lTlNG

must and hove to

We can use must + infinitive or have to + infinitive to say that something is

necessary.

DocLors musL be LnLeLLLgenL. DocLors ho've Lo be LnLeLLLgenL. DocLors
musl ha,ve a- good- ed,uco-LLon. DocLors ha.ve Lo ha.ve o- good- edcuco"LLon.

We use must + infrnitive for l, you, he, she, it, we and they.\Ne never use must to

+ infinitive.

) A nurse musL be klnd- und.

heLp(uL.

We use have to + infinitive for l, you, we and they.

Mo.nwgers h*ve to be good. wLLh peopLe. Theg haxe to be good- wLbh

PeoPte.

We use has to + infrnitive for he, she and it.

A mwno.ger ha.s to be good, wLLh peopLe. He has to be good- wLLh peopLe.

IK Correct the mistakes in the sentences (1-8) betow.

E

I A builder musts be strong and healthy.

2 Fireman have work long hours.

3 A manager have to be helpfut.

4 Teachers must oatient.

5 A software engineer must to be good at Maths.

6 Vets have good with animals.

7 An architect must to creative.

8 An actor must to plav a character in a movie.

hove to
We can use do not have to / does not have to + infinitive to say that something

is not necessary.
We use do not have to + infinitive for l, you, we and they.

AcLors d,o nob ha.ve I,o be good- wlth compuLers.

We use does not have to + infinitive for he, she and it.

A lLLm dLrecLor d,oes nob ha.ve to be good- *L M*Lhs.

We do not use must not + infinitive to say that something is not necessary.

UNLACK READING AND WRITING SKILLS I

Put the words in order to make sentences.

I does /havelhouses/buitd /to/ Anlnot / architect/.
2 and/ manager / to/ A/not/does /be/ patient /kind/have/ .
3 computers/ have / 6e/ notldolwith/ Nurses / to/ good/.
4 smart / be / Actors / notl have / do / to / .
5 A/teacher/ French /have/ goodlMaths /6e/ at/ noty

does/to/.

6 strong / doctor / A / /does have / 6e / to / not / .

Joining sentences with ond

A sentence always has a subject and a verb. We use and tojoin two sentences
that have the same subject and verb. We do not have to repeat the subject and
verb if it is the same in both sentences.

Sentences I and 2:

You ho"ve Lo be verg trLendt"g. You hocve Lo be good" wLLh peopLe.

join sentences I and 2with and: I

You h*ve Lo be verg lrLendLg *nd- gou ho,ve Lo be good- wLLh peopLe.

I

Do not repeat the same subject and verb:

You h*ve Lo be verg lrLendLg o"nd" good" wLLh peopLe.

t

New sentence:

You h*ve Lo be verg lrLendLg a,nd. good" wLLh peopLe.

3 Join each pair of sentences (l-a) below to make one senten ce with and
1 Applicants must be smart. Applicants must be polite.

2 You do not have to be fit. You do not have to be strons.

3 Firemen have to be frt. Firemen have to be healthv

4 Daria has to teach Enelish. Daria has to teach French.

UNtclCK READING AND WRITING Sl(ILLS 1

ACADEMIC RITING SKILLS

PUNCTU ION

Rewrite the sentences betow (l-5) with no contractions.

I I'm very happy.

2 Daria's a serious teacher.
3 Hamdan's a good friend.
4 | hope you're we[[.
5 You don't have to work on Friday.

UNL9CK READING AND WRITING SKILLS 1