BUKIT KEPONG

BUKITThematic Finding Aids Project: IMR455 Elek B
KEPONG

Lecturer: SCirlasKs:aImMaRru

4l5A5zEwleaknBbin Azman

GROUP MEMBERS

Nur Fatini Aqilah Binti Syahrin Rizal Nursyazatul Athirah Binti Hisham Nurul Athirah Binti Abdul Rahim
(2022987993) (2022987953) (2022908145)

1

GROUP MEMBERS

Ezuayanti a/p Dino Maisarah BT Mesbahol Munir Nur Salsabiila Binti Mohd Hafiz
(2022970517) (2022931001) (2022972651)

2

Explanatory This flipbook has been created to aid in the retrieval
Notes of archival material relating to historical events in
Malaysia. Newspapers, images, and cartographic records
are among the resources made available. Thus, the goal
of these finding aids is to make it easier for researchers
to find and obtain the desired material.

All materials are managed based on the type of
collection and index guidelines, with appropriate pages
to help with the acquisition process. Besides that,
descriptions and accession number are also provided on
every list of archival materials in order to retrieve the
content more efficiently and precisely. Belatedly, the
content of these finding aids is based on materials held
by the Malaysian National Archives.

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ABBREVIATION

4

INTRODUCTION

Bukit Kepong Police Station was located near Sungai Muar, Muar, Johor. There is a small village
that has around twenty houses and shops. Bukit Kepong Police Station incident happened after World
War II when communist terrorists ambush the place during a state of emergency. The incident started
around 5 a.m before dawn on 23 February 1950. The Communists launched a guerrilla attack on the
police station. The Bukit Kepong incident was a historic armed battle between the Police and the
Malayan Communist Party before Malaya's independence was achieved. Based on history, there were 185
communist terrorists in total. The battle took place in the area around the Bukit Kepong Police Station in
Bukit Kepong. The Communists launched the attack because they want the residents to know what
would happen if they opposed the Communist command. They do that as a lesson to the residents and
remind them that they should not oppose their command. They are confident that they will be able to
take over the Police and control the Police Station in a short time. They think of that because they have
many weapons and many soldiers, and the police station is far away from other places. Thus, because it
is too far, they lose contacts with the outside world, such as the big city and other villages. It makes them
hard to ask for help. The people of this village are independent people and brave. They have fought the
communist terrorists since the beginning of the emergency. They once attacked three communist
terrorists with guns using knives as their weapons. They killed one of them. Next, the other one was
beaten and captured meanwhile, the other one escaped.

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CHAPTER 1:



THE HISTORY BEFORE THE
INCIDENT BUKIT KEPONG

6

Some of the police pictures at anjong balai Sergeant Jamil is in charge of a group of 15 General Duty
not long before the attack on Bukit Kepong policemen and Marine Police Constables. At that time,
three special police constables and four extra policemen
police station by communists. were added to help with control and other tasks. This

brought the total number of team members to 22.

Portrait of Sergeant In the article of Sinar Harian, former Pagoh District Police
Jamil Bin Mohd. Chief JJ Raj, who is now 99, said that the attack on the
Shah (The head of Bukit Kepong Police Station by communist terrorists is
the Bukit Kepong still fresh in his mind. "The communist terrorists caused
Police Station) so much violence and cruelty that the government of

Malaya had to declare a state of emergency in 1948," he
said.

He said that at the time, the security forces had to be very
careful about communist terrorists because they were
smart at counterattacks and starting riots in small towns
and villages far away. "The day before the incident, I and a
few other members of Pagoh IPD went to the Police
Station and met with the Bukit Kepong members and gave
each of them barrels of "Bren Gun" and "Sten Gun"
weapons to the police station fort. We also gave them
several other weapons in case the communists attacked
back," he told Sinar Harian.

7

JJ Raj said that it took between three and three and He then went back to the jetty at 7 pm, he said.
a half hours to get from Pagoh IPD to Bukit "When the marine police started the boat's engine, I
Kepong. "We are always careful when going to had a message from Jamil: "Tok Jamil, be careful."
Bukit Kepong because before that there was an
attack on the communists in the middle of the road "I still remember Jamil's answer: "Don't worry, Mr.
when going to Lenga, Johor," he said. OCPD (District Police Chief), we'll protect this place"
(Bukit Kepong). "Biar putih tulang, jangan putih
He said that when he got to Bukit Kepong, Sergeant mata," he said as he saluted me with what seemed to
Jamil Mohd Shah, his group, and Penghulu Ali, the be his last salute.
leader of the area, were there to greet him. "We had
lunch together and talked with the police and the JJ Raj said he did not expect the Bukit Kepong Police
villagers," JJ Raj said. "Then I did a security check at Station attack to take place 15 hours after he left the
the Bukit Kepong Police Station and gave Jamil the area."At that time, there were no traditional
new weapon." telephones to communicate or modern
communication tools like today," he said. He had
JJ Raj said that he and Sergeant Jamil, Penghulu often said the Bukit Kepong incident, one of the
Ali, and some spies rode bikes around Bukit darkest days for the police force, remained one of
Kepong for a while. "But we didn't know that about his most agonising memories.
180 communists had gathered in the area," he said.
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CHAPTER 2:



THE INCIDENT
DURING BUKIT KEPONG

9

Figure 2.1: Layout of Bukit Kepong 04:15 am - The incident started when Constable Jaffar
bin Hassan challenged and shot dead a communist
terrorist who was cutting the barbed wire of the
station. The Communist terrorists attacked them from
all angles, especially from the front. They hoped the
attack would surprise them but are now facing fierce
resistance from the Police, especially from the two
Bren Gun positions located in the fort under the
Control Room. Although fewer, the Police led by Sgt
Jamil Mohd Shah refused to surrender despite the
Communists terrorists keep calling them to surrender.
One by one member fell as the fighting continued and
two surviving Police wives joined the fight when they
found their husbands killed during the fighting.

05:00 am - Police Assistant Force and some locals
carrying rifles and shotguns were mobilized from
Kampung Jawa. However, the Communists, entrusted
with preventing any outside assistance, attacked them.
In the combat in the area, some civilians, as well as
Communists, are said to have died. The Communists
also destroyed both Sten Gun installations at that time.

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07:00 am - Constable Mohamad Jaafar's wife The Communists had burned the Berek Kelamin and
Mariam Ibrahim was taken prisoner by the Police Station. Two women and their children
Communists. Rumor has it that Mat Indera, the were also burnt in the Berek Kelamin. Only three
Communist group's commander, compelled policemen and a village guard were still alive at that
Mariam to make a surrender request to the police, time. They rushed out of the burning hall and
but Jamil rejected it. Fatimah Yaaba and her son stormed the Communist position. They killed at least
Hassan were detained and coerced into calling the three members of the terrorist group who tried to
police in order to surrender. Those that lived, stop them. Meanwhile, the Communists continued to
however, refused to give up and fought all the way shoot those who tried to flee from the burning Police
to the very end. Fatimah is killed and Mariam is Station. At that time, the villagers of Durian
injured when they refuse to give up. Constable Abu Chondong on the west side sent a boat to Lenga to
Bakar Daud, Fatimah's husband, battled against the inform the authorities of the attack.
Communists as a boat driver in Sungai Muar until
he was shot in the hand and chest while defending The Communists managed to capture and set fire to
his boat. the Bukit Kepong Police Station after five hours of
fighting. They then retreated into the forest and left
traces of destruction and horrific death. The
communists also threw the injured and the bodies of
policemen who killed into the fire, such as Hassan
bin Abu Bakar, the son of Constable Abu Bakar.

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CHAPTER 3:



AFTER THE INCIDENT
OF BUKIT KEPONG

12

Problem Problem 1

spFeotilgicuoernestf3air.t1eioBbnuykaictfotmKermepuboneniisgntgs Problem 2

The bloody tragedy of the Bukit Kepong Police Station FKJigaeuparofenagr3.P2aotlDictaehteSotB'aOutkiniotnn
attack took place during the First Emergency period when
Malaya was in the process of negotiating for On February 24, 1950, the day after the tragedy, Dato' Onn
independence on 23 February 1950, at 5 am which Jaafar, who was the Menteri Besar of Johor at the time,
involved about 200 terrorists from the Malayan went down to the Bukit Kepong police station to inspect
Communist Party (MCP) and policemen who were on the scene after the attack by the communists. Bukit
duty at the time. As a result of the Bukit Kepong tragedy, Kepong police were destroyed by fire by the communists
the police station and quarters where the members lived and there were also policemen who were killed in the fire.
were also burnt to the ground.
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Figure 3.3 The graveProblem Problem 1
of the Bukit K epong
incident Figure 3.4 Sergeant
Jamil Mohd Shah

Problem 2

A total of 17 policemen were killed and 4 more policemen were injured
in the battle against the communist attacks, in which a policeman’s wife
and her daughter were forced out and surrendered but they refused
and they were willing to die. Eventually both of them were killed.
Communist terrorists set fire to the quarters of police members, two
women and a child until they were charred in the final stages of the
fighting that lasted 4 hours. Only 3 policemen including a village guard
are still alive which makes the total number of victims in the tragedy is
as many as 25 people including family members of policemen and
villagers. Among the policemen killed, included Sergeant Jamil Mohd
Shah, Bukit Kepong Police Station Chief, L/Cpl. 7186 Jidin Omar, MM
8680 Jaafar Hassan and 9 other policemen. The graves of victims killed
in the battle of Bukit Kepong have been placed in the Bukit Kepong
Islamic cemetery, Muar Johor.

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CHAPTER 4:



CEREMONIES FOR THE
BUKIT KEPONG INCIDENT

15

Police day & Bukit Kepong This annual event is usually held at the Gallery
Commemoration Ceremony Darurat Bukit Kepong which started being
constructed on 19 October 2012 and was fully
Figure 4.1: Gallery Darurat Bukit Kepong, Muar, Johor completed on 13 May 2016.

Every year on February 23rd, we will celebrate The opening ceremony of the gallery was officiated
all Malaysian police officers as it is Police Day. by DYMM Tunku Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum
Also, every year on the same date, a Bukit Sultan Iskandar, Sultan Yang Dipertuan for the State
Kepong Commemoration Ceremony will be held and Territory of Johor Darul Ta’zim on 23 February
to honor the fight against communism. 2017.

The Gallery Darurat Bukit Kepong is located about
60 kilometers from the city of Muar. It holds various
treasures related to the Bukit Kepong Tragedy since
70 years ago.

It is also can be noted that the Gallery Darurat Bukit
Kepong is placed at the actual location of the attack
about 200 communist terrorists attacked the police
station killing 25 members of the security forces
including their family members. It is also located at
the actual location so that their spirit and sacrifice are
emulated and remembered as a continuation of the
struggle, for the sake of religion, race and country.

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Figure 4.2: Commemoration Ceremony, 23 February 2022 Figure 4.3: Full video on Polis Johor Facebook page

This picture was taken on 23 February 2022, There is a full video with the duration of 1
at the Gallery Darurat, Bukit Kepong, Muar, hour and 41 minutes on the “Polis Johor” page

Johor during the Commemoration on Facebook, that has recorded the event.
Ceremony for the Bukit Kepong incident, in

conjunction with the 215th Police Day.

On the 72nd anniversary of the Bukit Kepong incident, on February 23, 2022, the
Johor Police Chief, Datuk Kamarul Zaman Mamat, and other police officers will
visit the tomb, followed by a recitation of Yasin at the Bukit Kepong Mosque. The
heirs of the Bukit Kepong tragedy fighters were also given contributions and
appreciation. The heirs have said that they very much welcome this program which
can recall the old history of Bukit Kepong.

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Figure 4.4: This picture was taken on 26 February 2021 Figure 4.5: Datuk Dr. Sahruddin Jamal visits the fighter's grave

Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri According to Penghulu Bukit Kepong Norhisham Mohd,
(ADUN) Dato' Dr. Sahruddin Bin although it was a simple ceremony, the initiative to
Haji Jamal took the opportunity to hold a tahlil ceremony and present donations to the
heirs of the fighters was the best step to appreciate
visit the graves of the Bukit the services of soldiers who were willing to lay down
Kepong fighters to commemorate their lives to defend the country.

the struggle of the country’s 18
soldiers.

Figure 4.6: Commemoration Ceremony, 23 February 2020 Figure 4.7: People involved during the 70th celebration

This picture was taken on 23 February 2020, at the Gallery Darurat, Bukit 19
Kepong, Muar, Johor during the Commemoration Ceremony for the Bukit

Kepong incident, in conjunction with the 213th Police Day.

On 23 February 2020, Sunday, the 70th Anniversary of the Bukit
Kepong incident, the ceremony was officiated by YAB Dato’ Dr.

Sahruddin Bin Haji Jamal (Menteri Besar of Johor), and YDH DIG
Dato’ Pahlawan Mazlan Bin Mansor (Deputy Inspector General of

Police)

CHAPTER 5:



THE NOTABLE INDIVIDUAL
INCIDENT BUKIT KEPONG

20

Notable Figure 5.1: The police officer at Bukit Kepong Police Station
Individu

In the history of Bukit Kepong
Police Station, there were
several important people in
23 February 1950.

Figure 5.2: The police officer and auxiliary police officer 21
are in front of the Bukit Kepong Police Station

The Police officers who were killed

1. Sergeant Jamil Mohd Shah (Chief of Police in Bukit Kepong)
2. Corporal 7068 Mohd Yassin Hj. Abdul Wahab
3. Lance Corporal 7186 Jidin Bin Omar
4. Constable 9136 Hassan Bin Othman
5. Constable 3933 Hamzah Bin Ahmad
6. Constable 8680 Jaafar Bin Hassan
7. Constable 7493 Muhamad Bin Jaafar
8. Marine Police 60 Ibrahim Bin Adam
9. Constable 5674 Abu Bin Mohd Ali
10. Constable 7862 Abdul Kadir Bin Jusoh
11. Marine Police 68 Awang Bin Ali
12. Marine Police 181 Basiron Bin Adam
13. EPC 3475 Mohamed Taff Bin Lazim
14. EPC 3795 Jaafar Bin Arshad

22

The auxiliary police officers The police & village guard
who were killed were killed outside
the police station
1. AP 2130 Samad Bin Yatim
2. AP 1912 Mahmood Bin Saat 1. AP 2098 Redzuan Bin Alias
3. AP 1925 Ali Bin Akob 2. Embong Bin Lazim
4. AP 2127 Othman Bin Yahya 3. Koh Ah Cheng

23

The family members of the police 24
officer who were still alive

Mariam Binti Ibrahim - Constable 7493 Muhamad bin Jaafar’s wife
Zainun - Constable 7493 Muhamad bin Jaafar’s daughter
Abu Samah - Constable 7493 Muhamad bin Jaafar’s son
Zaleha - Constable 7493 Muhamad bin Jaafar’s daughter
Jamilah – Marine Police 37 Abu Bakar Bin Daud’s daughter
Wasain – Marine Police 37 Abu Bakar Bin Daud’s son
Fatimah Binti Abdul Manan - Constable 9136 Hassan bin Othman’s wife
Pun Binti Khalid – Marine Police 68 Awang bin Ali’s wife
Fatimal Tunni - Constable 3933 Hamzah bin Ahmad’s wife

The family police officers The police officers who were
who were killed still alive (severely wounded)

1. Fatimah Yaaba – Marine Police 37 Abu Bakar Bin Daud's wife 1. Constable 10533 Othman Bin Yusof
2. Hassan – Marine Police 37 Abu Bakar Bin Daud's son 2. Constable 7645 Yusof Bin Rano
3. Saadiah – Constable 5674 Abu Bin Mohd. Ali's wife 3. Marine Police 37 Abu Bakar Bin Daud
4. Simah – Constable 5674 Abu Bin Mohd. Ali's daughter 4. EPC 3472 Ahmad Bin Khalid

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Those who were the victims of killings

Figure 5.3: Picture of Sergeant Jamil Figure 5.4: Picture of Constable Figure 5.5: Picture of Constable
Muhamad Jaafar Hamzah Ahmad
Sergeant Jamil
Mohd Shah Constable 7493 Constable 3933

Chief of Police (Bukit Kepong) Muhamad Bin Jaafar Hamzah Bin Ahmad

25

Those who were the victims of killings

Figure 5.6: Picture of Marine Police Figure 5.7: Picture of Constable Figure 5.8: Picture of Constable
Ibrahim Adam Jaafar Hassan Hassan Othman

Marine Police 60 Constable 8680 Constable 9136

Ibrahim Bin Adam Jaafar Bin Hassan Hassan Bin Othman

27

Those who were the victims of killings

Figure 5.9: Picture of Corporal Figure 5.10: Picture of Lance Corporal
Mohd Yassin Jidin Omar

Corporal 7068 Lance Corporal 7186

Mohd Yassin Bin Hj. Abdul Wahab Jidin Bin Omar

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The police officers who were still alive (severely wounded)

Figure 5.11: Picture of Constable Figure 5.12: Picture of Constable Figure 5.13: Picture of Marine Police Figure 5.14: Picture of EPC
Othman Yusof Yusof Rano Abu Bakar Daud Ahmad Khalid

Constable 1053 Constable 7645 Marine Police 37 EPC 3472

Othman Bin Yusof Yusof Bin Rano Abu Bakar Bin Daud Ahmad Bin Khalid

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this tragic and sad incident happened in Malaysia. In defending the police station,
19 members were killed. The battle at Bukit Kepong was a defeat in physical terms but gave a victory in
terms of mental and spirit of struggle. The small force was enthusiastic and tenacious in defending their
dignity from the intrigues of the communist terrorists to surrender despite having to fight enemies that
were stronger than them. The communist terrorists also suffered numerous injuries. This is a victory not
only to save oneself and friends, and family but also for the country and the nation. The police officers
can save their loves one lives and their families by surrendering but they realize they are fighting for
something more important than their lives. They fought to save their homeland from being colonized by
Communist terrorists. All the police officers involved and the auxiliary police, as well as the two wives of
the police marines who also took up arms and, continued to fight with the other members until they ran
out of ammunition, were very brave. They know they cannot beat many communist terrorists but the
spirit of love for their country makes them dare to challenge and defend their rights and the country.
May Allah shower His mercy on their souls. The police and auxiliary police which is a total of 21 members
have lived the outstanding tradition of the police force and their heroism by being an example and
inspiration to other members in the future.

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LIST OF NO ACCESSION DESCRIPTION
ARCHIVAL NUMBER
MATERIALS 1 SOME OF THE POLICE PICTURES AT ANJONG
2 1998/0009605W BALAI NOT LONG BEFORE THE ATTACK ON
3 1998/0009612W
4 1998/0009612W BUKIT KEPONG POLICE STATION BY
5 1998/0009607W COMMUNISTS.
6 2001/0049511W
1998/0009611W PORTRAIT OF SERGEANT JAMIL BIN MOHD.
SHAH (BUKIT KEPONG POLICE CHIEF).

BUKIT KEPONG POLICE STATION AFTER
BEING SET ON FIRE BY COMMUNISTS
DATO 'ONN JAAFAR AT THE BUKIT
KEPONG POLICE STATION

THE GRAVE OF THE BUKIT
KEPONG INCIDENT

PICTURES OF MEMORIES OF BUKIT
KEPONG POLICE MEMBERS

NO ACCESSION DESCRIPTION
NUMBER
7 BUKIT KEPONG POLICE STATION SITE BURNED
8 1998/0009610W BY COMMUNIST TERRORISTS.
1998/0009629W TOMB FOR THOSE WHO WERE

VICTIMS IN THE BUKIT KEPONG
EVENT

LIST OF Chapter 1
FIGURES Figure 1.1: Some of the police pictures at anjong balai not long before the attack on Bukit Kepong

police station by communists.
Figure 1.2: Potrait of Sergeant Jamil Bin Mohd Shah (The head of the Bukit kepong Police Station)

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1: Layout of Bukit Kepong

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1: Bukit Kepong police station after being set on fire by communists
Figure 3.2: Dato 'Onn Jaafar at the Bukit Kepong Police Station
Figure 3.3: The grave of the Bukit Kepong incident
Figure 3.4: Sergeant Jamil Mohd Shah

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1: Gallery Darurat Bukit Kepong, Muar, Johor
Figure 4.2: Commemoration Ceremony, 23 February 2022
Figure 4.3: Full video on Polis Johor Facebook page
Figure 4.4: This picture was taken on 26 February 2021
Figure 4.5: Datuk Dr. Sahruddin Jamal visits the fighter's grave
Figure 4.6: Commemoration Ceremony, 23 February 2020
Figure 4.7: People involved during the 70th celebration

LIST OF Chapter 5
FIGURES
Figure 5.1: The police officer at Bukit Kepong Police Station
Figure 5.2: The police officer and auxiliary police officer are in front of the Bukit Kepong
Police Station
Figure 5.3: Picture of Sergeant Jamil
Figure 5.4: Picture of Constable Muhamad Jaafar
Figure 5.5: Picture of Constable Hamzah Ahmad
Figure 5.6: Picture of Marine Police Ibrahim Adam
Figure 5.7: Picture of Constable Jaafar Hassan
Figure 5.8: Picture of Constable Hassan Othman
Figure 5.9: Picture of Corporal Mohd Yassin
Figure 5.10: Picture of Lance Corporal Jidin Omar
Figure 5.11: Picture of Constable Othman Yusof
Figure 5.12: Picture of Constable Yusof Rano
Figure 5.13: Picture of Marine Police Abu Bakar Daud
Figure 5.14: Picture of EPC Ahmad Khalid

INDEXES A
Auxiliary Police…………………………………………………………………………. 24, 30

B
Bukit Kepong Police Station..................................................5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 21

C
Commemoration Ceremony................................................16, 17, 19
Constable Jaffar bin Hassan.................................................10
Constable Abu Bakar................................................................11

D
Dato' Dr. Sahruddin Jamal.....................................................18, 19
Dato' Pahlawan Mazlan Bin Mansor.................................19
Dato’ Onn Jaafar............................................................................13
Durian Chondong..........................................................................11

G
Gallery Darurat Bukit Kepong................................................16, 17, 19

I
Islamic cemetery..............................................................................14

K
Kampung Jawa..................................................................................10

L
L/Cpl. 7186 Jidin Omar....................................................................14
Lenga.........................................................................................................11

INDEXES M
Malayan Communist Party (MCP) ...........................................5, 13
Malaya's Independence..................................................................5
Malaysia....................................................................................................30
Marine Police…………………………………………………………………………………. 25, 26, 28, 30
Mat Indera...............................................................................................11
MM 8680 Jaafar Hassan..................................................................14
Muar, Johor.............................................................................................5

O
OCPD (District Police Chief)................................................... 8

P
Police Day...........................................................................................16, 17, 19
Pagoh IPD........................................................................................... 8

S
Sungai Muar........................................................................................5
Sgt Jamil Mohd Shah..................................................................10

T
Tomb.....................................................................................................17

w
World War II...................................................................................... 5

Y
Yasin......................................................................................................17

23 Februari Tarikh Keramat Peristiwa Bukit Kepong (2021, February 26). Malaysia Aktif.
https://malaysiaaktif.my/87250

Badrul Kamal Zakaria. (2018, Disember 10). Jejak kesan sejarah di Bukit Kepong. Berita
Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/hujung-minggu/kembara/2018/12/507399/jejak-
kesan-sejarah-di-bukit-kepong.

Badrul Kamal Zakaria. (2017, Mac 21). Kesan tragedi masih dirasai pelakon Bukit

Kepong. Berita Harian.

https://www.bharian.com.my/taxonomy/term/1303/2017/07/262341/kesan-tragedi-

REFERENCES masih-dirasai-pelakon-bukit-kepong

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Majlis Memperingati Peristiwa Bukit Kepong Sempena Sambutan Hari Polis. (2020,
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Majlis Memperingati Peristiwa Bukit Kepong, hargai perjuangan menentang komunis.
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bukit-kepong-hargai-perjuangan-menentang-komunis

REFERENCES Polis Johor. (2022). Facebook.com. https://www.facebook.com/PolisJohor/

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The Official Portal of Royal Malaysia Police. (2022). Bukit Kepong. Accessed on 29 Jun
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Zabry Mohamad Madzlan. (2020, September 10). Pengajaran kisah Bukit Kepong.
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