Book of Abstracts

Working Committee

1. Vishwa Prasanna Amatya Conference Convener

Assoc. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Chief, CIMDU, IOE

2. Sushil Bahadur Bajracharya, PhD Advisor
Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning,
Pulchowk Campus Asst. Dean (Planning), IOE

3. Binod Kumar Bhattarai, PhD Advisor
Professor, Department of Applied Sciences & Chemical Engineering,

Pulchowk Campus, IOE

4. Janardan Bhatta Advisor
Asst. Professor, Campus Chief
Thapathali Campus, IOE

5. Sangeeta Singh, PhD Member
Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning,
Pulchowk Campus, Deputy Director [CDS, IOE]

6. Piyush Pradhan Member
Coordinator, MSc. Earthquake Engineering,
Thapathali Campus, IOE

7. Dinesh Baniya Kshatri Member
Coordinator, MSc. Informatics and Intelligent Systems Engineering,

Thapathali Campus, IOE

8. Sunil Adhikari Member
Coordinator, MSc. Engineering in Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,

Thapathali Campus, IOE

9. Biben Das Mulmi Member
Asst. Professor, Deputy Head, Department of Applied Sciences & Chemical

Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE

10. Pushpa Narayan Shrestha Member
Assoc. Finance Controller,
Office of the Dean, IOE

11. Bhrigu Devi Sapkota Member Secretary
Administrative Officer,
Office of the Dean, Planning Section, IOE







Contents

ID Paper Page #
1
80001 Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution
80002 System for Loss Minimization and Voltage profile 2
Improvement 3
4
Techno-Economic Analysis of Reactive Power Generation 5
Strategies in Proposed Integrated Nepal Power System 6
7
80003 Optimal Setting And Siting of TCSC and SVC To Enhance 8
Power System Performance
9
80004 Determinants of Land Value: A Case of Kapan in 10
Budanilkantha Municipality 11

80005 Assessment of Transit Oriented Development Potential in 12
Newly Emerging Cities - A Case of Sindhulimadhi 13

80006 Challenges in Informal Settlement in Kathmandu Valley: A
case of Sankhamul Squatter Settlement

80007 Impacts of Exorbitant Land Price in Urban Form - A Case of
Kageshwori Manohara Municipality

80008 The Growth Pattern of New Municipalities Around
Kathmandu Valley: A Case of Kageshwori Manohara
80011 Municipality
80012
80013 Sustainability Assessment for the Conservation of Traditional
Settlement of Nepal, Case area at Balambu
80014
80016 Activating Public Space: Rethinking and Reforming of Public
Open Spaces in Kuleshwor Site and Services Area

Model for Wind Speed Prediction Using Artificial Neural
Network from Meteorological Variables: Case Study of
Selected Sites of Nepal
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of External Walls: A Comparative
Study of AAC and CSEB blocks

Flow and Stress Analysis of Aged Penstock of Sundarijal
Hydropower Plant (SJHPP)

i

ID Paper Page #

80017 Co-design with Children to create a sustainable learning space 14
80019 Design and Numerical Modelling of Vertical Axis Helical Wind 15
80020 Turbine for Highway Application 16
80021 17
80023 Planning and Analysis of Optimum Operation of Upper 18
80024 Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project 19
80025 20
80026 Effect of Shading Device and Opening Size in Thermal Comfort 21
80028 in Residential Building ,A Case of Biratnagar 22
80029 23
Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting: A Case for Galloping
80031 24
80033 Changing dimensions of public space in traditional 25
neighborhood of Mahaboudha
80034 26
80035 Removal Efficiency Of Pollutants In Horizontal Reed Bed 27
80036 Constructed Wetland 28
80038 29
Modeling and performance analysis of automatic solar panel
cleaner cleaning system

Dynamic Response of Vertical Shaft Pelton Turbine Unit for
Free Vibration

Impact of rural development project on women
empowerment on sustainable livelihood – “A Case of
Machhapucchre Village, Kaski”

Making Lalitpur City Cycle Friendly
Impact of climate change on heating and cooling load demand
for sustaining thermal comfort in a residential building – A
case study of Kathmandu valley.

Role of Architects in Building Disaster Resilient Communities

Development of MATLAB Based Software for Simple Spur
Gear Design and its Validation for Stress Simulations
Design and study of conical draft tube for Francis Turbine for
steady flow

Urban Form and Hierarchy of Open Space of Traditional Town
Chapagaon

ii

ID Paper Page #
30
80039 Design Study of runner for Horizontal Spiral Turbine 31
80042
Experimental Study on Effect of Number of Nozzle Holes and 32
80043 Hole Axis Angles on Performance and Combustion of Diesel 33
Engine 34
35
Improved Aquaculture for Sustainable Livelihood in Majhi
Community: A case from Bhimtar, Sindupalchowk. 36
37
80045 Incorporating rooftop farming in urban residential household
80046 of Buddhanagar, Kathmandu 38

Sustainability Assessment of Reconstructed buildings in Pheta 39
Municipality-A Case of “Purainiya Village” 40
41
80047 Impact of Fast Track Project Envisaged from Kathmandu to 42
80048 Nijgadh on Socio-cultural and Economic Aspects of Khokana 43
Settlement

Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Livelihood through
Traditional Works: A Case of Bhaktapur

80049 Socio-Economic Impacts of Post-Earthquake of Nepal: A case
80050 of Owner Driven Approach in Rural Housing Reconstruction of
Nepal

Study on idling fuel consumption and its emission trends of
public vehicle according to natural age and its reduction
possibilities

80051 Short Term Load Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network
80052 and Time Series Methods: A Case Study of Bishnumati Feeder.

Study of social and cultural sustainability in heritage
settlement-a case at Chapagaun

80053 Optimal placement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage
80054 Sag Mitigation using Artificial Neural Network Approach
Integration of sanitary landfill in development of Eco-Park (A
Case at Nilbarahi, Madhyapur Thimi)

80055 Flow analysis in eccentric bucket of Micro Pelton turbine:
Multiphase modeling with transient state condition

iii

ID Paper Page #
80056 44
80058 Analysis on AC-DC Hybrid Power Supply System: A Case Study 45
80059 for Hospital Building in Kathmandu, Nepal 46
80060 47
80061 Impact of Gated Communities on Local Mobility 48
80062 49
80063 Urban Heat Island in Kathmandu Valley: A Case of Patan 50
80066 51
80067 Effect of Orientation on the energy consumption pattern of the 52
existing building
80068 53
80071 Accessibility in Public Spaces for Persons with Disability- A 54
Case of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
80072 55
80073 Theoretical Performance Analysis of Low Reynolds Fixed 56
80075 Pitch Propeller 57
80076 58
Data-Driven Discovery of Governing Partial Differential
Equations

Energy Demand Analysis of a Five Star hotel:- A Case Study of
Tiger One Pvt Ltd

Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Social Impact Analysis of Electric
vs Diesel Bus (A Comparative Case Study of Saja Yatayat vs.
Sundar Yatayat)

Effects of Magnetohydrodynamics on Vortex Shedding past a
Confined Square Cylinder

Assessment of dense settlements to improve its current
scenario through green infrastructure retrofit. A case of
chakupat, Lalitpur
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Energy Efficiency: A case Study of
Sinamangal Land Pooling

Identification of Potential Solar PV Generation Strategy for
Province 2 of Nepal
Energy efficiency in Traditional Residential Buildings: A case
of Bhaktapur (Itachhen Tole)
Design of rotor disc brake using Structural and Thermal
analysis

iv

ID Paper Page #
80078 59
Energy Performance Evaluation of Double Skin Facades for
80080 Office Buildings in Warm Temperate Climates 60

80081 Evaluation of Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete 61
80082 Building Designed as per as NBC 105:2019 Draft 62

80083 Seismic Pounding Effect in Adjacent RC Buildings 63

80084 Technique for Non-Linear Analysis of Masonry Wall Using 64
Discrete Crack Finite Element Modelling
80085 65
Effect of Frequency Content of Ground Motion in Low-rise
80087 Reinforced Concrete Buildings 66

80088 Influence of Geometrical Parameters on the Fundamental 67
80089 Time Period of Masonry Structure 68
80090 69
Influence of Vertical Irregularity on Seismic Performance of
80091 Masonry Building. 70

80092 Seismic Performance of Composite Frame and RCC- Moment 71
Resistant Frame for G+9 Storey Buildings.
80093 72
Seismic Performance of Isolated Bridges
80094 73
80095 Effects of higher modes on capacity curve and hinge formation 74

Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dam: Effect of
foundation Elasticity and Dam Geometry

Seismic Response of RC Frame Building Considering Soil-
Structure Interaction

A Novel Topology of Isolated Bidirectional Buck Boost DC-DC
Converter

Modeling of Urban Storm Water Drainage using HYKAS for
Lamachaur, Pokhara, Nepal

Seismic Analysis of Dry stone masonry building

Smart Building Technologies and Passive Strategies for
Energy Optimization – A Case Study of Multi – Residential
Buildings in Kathmandu Valley

v

ID Paper Page #
80096 75
80098 Assessment of Spatial Variation of Water Quality in Seti River, 76
80100 Pokhara, Nepal 77
80101 78
80102 Security analysis of SDN using Blockchain technology 79
80103 80
80104 Distributed Generation Allocation considering uncertainties 81

80107 Recession Plane For Residential Building of Kathmandu 82
80108 83
80109 Strategies for Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Case of Dharan 84
80110 Sub-Metropolitan City 85
80111 86
Study on flood inundation mapping for Ratuwa River
80113 catchment using HECRAS 2D 87
80114 88
80115 Readiness to E-commerce adoption by Micro and Small 89
80116 Enterprises in Small Town: A case study of Vyas municipality, 90
Nepal

Numerical Analysis of Flow through Stilling basin Using CFD
Model

Response Reduction Factor for RC buildings with Masonry
Infill

Seismic Performance of Compressed Stabilized Earth Block
Masonry Building

Determination of Impact of Maintenance on Traffic Volume
Threshold for Upgrading of Low Volume Roads
Social Media as a Strategic Marketing Tool to Study the
Consumer Behavior of Coca-Cola by K-mean Cluster Analysis:
Evidence from Facebook
Grid Impact Study of a Distribution System Due to The
Connection of Fast/Slow Charging Station Load
Impact of Distributed Generation Penetration in Voltage
Stability of Radial Distribution System
Feasibility of Shape coefficient (A/V ratio) as an indicator of
heating and cooling energy demand.
Assessing Climate Disaster Resilience of Post-Earthquake
Settlement: A Case study of Bungamati, Lalitpur

vi

ID Paper Page #
80117 91
80118 A Study on Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated 92
School Building in Kathmandu
80119 93
80121 The Effect of Window to Wall Ratio and Orientation on 94
80122 Thermal Performance of Residential Building: A Case of 95
80123 Butwal 96
80124 97
80125 Bearing Capacity Zonation of Urban Areas of Dhulikhel and 98
80126 Banepa for Shallow Foundation 99
80130 100
An assessment of locals' perception on changing climate in
80127 Chitwan, Nepal 101
80131 102
80132 Effect of Change in Rise / Span Ratio on Performance of Open 103
80134 Thin Circular Cylindrical Shells 104
80135 Assessment of energy efficiency of a building through the 105
choice of building materials for walls

Strength Optimization of Sawdust Concrete through Cement
Variation

Application of Automation Tool (BIM) for Seismic Retrofitting
of SMM (Stone Masonry with Mud Mortar) Building

Assessing Safety Level of Bus Stops A Case Study of
Kathmandu Ring Road (Kalanki - Koteshwor Section)

Hydrodynamic Modelling of the Flow at the Headworks Site
Using CFD Approach: A Case Study of Solu Khola Dudhkoshi
Hydroelectric Project (SKDHEP)

Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbine- A Case Study of Middle
Marsyandi Hydropower Station

Seismic Microzonation of Kathmandu Valley

Energy Optimization Potential and Thermal Comfort,A case of
Use of Rat Trap bond in Residential Building of Terai Region

Experimental analysis of free-surface single jet impingement
on the performance of the thermoelectric cooler
Detection and Prevention from Blackhole Attack in MANET

vii

ID Paper Page #
106
80136 Impact of Injection of Upper Tamakoshi Hydro Electric Power 107
80137 Station on Operation of Integrated National Power System 108
80139 Optimal Design of Battery Bank for grid Connected PV/Wind
Hybrid System 109
Post-earthquake 2015 reconstructed school design: Thermal 110
comfort and visual comfort analysis (Case of type design at 111
Lalitpur district) 112
113
80140 Window to Wall Ratio for Day Lighting in context of 114
apartment building in Kathmandu valley 115
116
80143 Numerical Simulation of Vortex Rope Formation and Pressure 117
Oscillation in Francis Turbine
118
80144 Building envelope as insulating barrier for adaptable building 119
with response to climate change
120
80145 Biomimicry, An Approach to Energy Efficient Building Skin
Design: A Case of green commercial building in Kathmandu

80146 Sediment Simulation and Impact of land cover changes using
SWAT Model in Karnali Basin

80147 Stabilization of soft soil with pine needles and lime

80149 Seismic Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Shear
Wall Building with End Return

80150 Analysis of Atrium Design for Improved Building Performance
in Public Building

80151 Optimal Location of Phasor Measurement Units in
80154 Transmission System A Case Study of Integrated Nepal Power
80155 System
80156
Optimal Placement of Charging station and Capacitor in
Electrical Radial Distribution Network

Comparison between Analytical and Finite Element Solution
of Natural Frequencies of Open Circular Cylindrical Roof
Shells

Load Sharing in Inverter based Islanded Microgrid using
Virtual Impedance.

viii

ID Paper Page #
121
80158 Seismic Analysis Of Elevated Water Tank With Different 122
Staging Configuration 123
124
80159 Evaluation of Over strength Factor and Ductility Factor for
80160 Masonry Infilled Steel Frame Buildings 125
126
Seismic performance evaluation of Eccentric beam column 127
joint of RC frame buildings
128
80161 Strategy Selection For Reliability Based Maintenance In 129
Hydropower Plant: A Case Study On Bijaypur-I Small 130
Hydropower Plant
131
80163 Soil Structure Interaction of Soft Storey Building in 132
Kathmandu Valley
133
80164 Effects of semi rigid connections in response of the steel frame 134
80167 structure
Design, Simulation and Analysis of an Air-Conditioning
System: A Case Study of the Proposed Aerospace Building of
Pulchwok Engineering Campus in the Context of Nepal

80168 Comparative Study of Water Quality Index of Phewa, Rupa
and Begnas Lakes

80170 Sustainability Assessment of School Building "A Case of Hilly
Region of Nepal"

80172 Assessment of Sustainable Sediment Management Strategies
using RESCON 2 Model: A Case Study of BudhiGandaki
Hydroelectric Project

80173 Analysis of Dam Foundation in Alluvial Deposits

80175 Tunneling for Metro Rail in the ground condition of
Kathmandu-Patan Line ( Bhrikutimandap to Satdobato
Section)

80176 Impact of Urbanization on Land Use in Urban Fringe (A case of
Gaindakot as fringe of Bharatpur Metropolitan City)

80177 Seismic Performance Analysis of RC Frame Building Using
Different Types of Steel Bracing

ix

ID Paper Page #
135
80180 Evaluation of Water Hyacinth Extract of Nepalese Lakes as an 136
Admixture in Concrete Production 137
138
80182 Impact of Urbanization on Intangible Cultural Heritage: A case
of Rato Matsyendranath Rath Jatra 139
140
80183 Prediction of Traffic Conflicts at Signalized Intersection: A 141
Case Study of New Baneshwor Intersection 142
143
80184 Ranking of Road Safety Hazardous Locations in Nepal (A Case 144
Study of Kalanki Ch.10+600 km to Koteshwor Ch.20+994 km 145
Road Section) 146

80185 Estimation of Value of Travel Time Saving for Commuter 147
Trips: A case study of Kathmandu 148
149
80186 Model Based Gait Recognition Using Weighted KNN

80187 A novel approach for the scene text recognition by Attentional
80188 Encoder Decoder Model
Incremental spatiotemporal learner model for anomaly
detection and localization for video surveillance.

80189 Network device status detection using ANFIS based
classification for ISP networks upgrade planning.

80190 Cloud Ran (C-RAN) Accessed Multi-connectivity for 5G
targeted Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC)

80191 Emotion Recognition From Video Using Feature level Fusion.

80192 Effect of Rice Husk Ash and Brick Burnt Dust on Engineering
Properties of Cohesive Soil of Suryabinayak, Bhaktapur
80193 District
80194
80196 Study on the Effect of High Temperature on M50 Grade
Concrete
Comparison Between Smooth and Ring Beam Stiffened
Cylindrical Shell Roof

Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays by
enhanced differential evolution algorithm considering mixed
characteristic curves of relays

x

[Paper ID: 80001]

Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution
System for Loss Minimization and Voltage profile Improvement

Milan Silwal*, Shree Raj Shakya,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal.
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
This paper presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the
optimal location and size of the capacitor bank in distribution system. Two
stage procedure was implemented based on loss sensitivity index (LSI) and
PSO.LSI was used to determine the optimal location while PSO is used to
determine the optimal size of the capacitor bank. Load flow was carried out by
using backward-forward sweep algorithm. The proposed procedure was
applied to IEEE 34 and 69 bus system and on a real distribution system, i.e.
Parsa feeder, Chitwan. The result of IEEE 34 and 69 bus system was compared
with previous publications. Simulation result shows there is significant loss
reduction and voltage profile improvement after using capacitor bank in
distribution system.

Keywords:
Distribution System – Loss minimization – voltage profile – particle swarm
optimization

1

[Paper ID: 80002]

Techno-Economic Analysis of Reactive Power Generation
Strategies in Proposed Integrated Nepal Power System

Saugat Poudel*, Arbind Kumar Mishra
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Increment in generation and load of Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS)
without consideration of reactive power flow in the grid results in poor voltage
regulation in future. In order to mitigate the problem, two strategies have been
identified, one includes support from Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
(termed as decentralized in this study) and other one does not (termed as
centralized). The purpose of this study is to make the techno-economic analysis
of above mentioned reactive power compensation strategies in 2023 A.D. and
2028 A.D. Sensitivity index dV/dQ has been used for finding candidate locations
of shunt compensators. For finding optimal sizes of shunt compensators for
both strategies, genetic algorithm has been used with minimization of grid loss
as objective function. Coding was done in Matlab while power flow solutions
were obtained from DIGSilent Powerfactory interfaced with Matlab. For both
projected years mentioned, it was found that reactive power support provided
by Independent Power Producers (IPPs) would result in reduced size of shunt
compensators and reduced power loss in grid. This study clearly points that
reactive power support from IPPs would be the best strategy and some charges
should be paid to them for their support.

Keywords:
Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) – Reactive Power Generation – Techno-
Economic Analysis–DIGSilent Power Factory

2

[Paper ID: 80003]

Optimal Setting and Siting of TCSC and SVC to Enhance Power
System Performance

Subrat Aryal*, Netra Gyawali, Rabindra Maharjan
Department of Electrical Engineering Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Power transfer capability of a transmission line falls with the length of the line.
Loading in the short line and long line is permitted by thermal limit and
stability limit respectively. In a power system consisting of long lines and short
lines, FACTS devices can be used for partial increase of power transfer in the
long line as well as improve the voltage profile of the line. The main objective of
this study is to find the most suitable location & rating for Static Var
Compensator (SVC) at bus and optimal rating of Thyristor Controlled Series
Compensator (TCSC) in long lines so that the active power loss is minimized
and line loading is managed by minimizing sum of line loading ratio. SVC are
used here for minimizing the active power loss while TCSC are used for active
power flow management by minimizing sum of line loading ratio. The impact
on line loss and sum of line loading ratio has been separately studied with both
TCSC and SVC. The optimization was done with help of Genetic Algorithm (GA).
In this work three cases (only SVC, only TCSC, both TCSC & SVC) are considered
for optimal power flow. It is observed that SVC is better in improving voltage
profile and reducing line loss. Similarly, TCSC is better in increasing the line
loadability of long line and minimizing sum of line loading ratio. With
combination of both TCSC and SVC there is further reduction of power loss,
improvement of voltage profile and decrease in the sum of line loading ratio.
The result thus obtained was verified with MATLAB 2013Ra.

Keywords:
Transmission Loss Minimization – Voltage Profile Enhancement – Genetic
Algorithm (GA) – Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)– Static Var
Compensator(SVC)

3

[Paper ID: 80004]

Determinants of Land Value: A Case of Kapan in Budanilkantha
Municipality

Sajana Lamichhane*
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

This paper is based on the approach to evaluate the determinants of land value and
analyses certain variables affecting land value considering the approach of land
valuation from Nepal government, commercial bank, land valuator, brokers, and land
buyer. This paper presents the results of an empirical study of urban land values in the
Kapan, a case of Budanilkantha Municipality.The urban growth rate of Kapan is 12.6
percentage. In rapidly growing areas where there is a strong pressure on serviced urban
land, the distribution of population densities and land prices are expected to show basic
differences. The data sets are organized at different levels of aggregation: i) the ward
level comprising a total of 9 wards within the boundaries of Kapan that has been
categorized into 3 clusters i/e Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C according to the areas
set by the government.The study focuses on the tendency toward agglomeration for
consumers of each land use as measured by the impact on land values in the central
business district, suburban nodes, and other employment concentrations.The results
provide insight into several influences on urban land value and offer evidence that office
land derives greater benefit from agglomeration than does commercial land. This paper
shows the differences in land prices that can be obtained according to the width and
quality of roads.Urban policy and planning may be improved by a better understanding
of the determinants of urban spatial structure.Characteristics of the site such as i.)
location, ii.) quality and width or road, iii.) proximity to infrastructures, iv.) proximity to
the commercial and market areas v.) distance from CBD, vi.) the future expansion
projects, were found responsible in an increase in land values.Different determinants of
land values of various variables and their capacity to explain the spatial structure of a
small area over a while has been
shown in this paper.

Keywords:
Land Value – Land Price – Determinants of land value– Valuation done by Nepal
Government – Banks – Land Valuator – Real estate and Broker’s and Respondents

4

[Paper ID: 80005]

Assessment of Transit Oriented Development Potential in Newly
Emerging Cities – A Case of Sindhulimadhi

Swama Dangol*, Ajay Chandra Lal,
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Transit-oriented development (TOD) today is recognized as a development type that
forms communities, stresses the importance of human interaction, and the importance
of proximity for that connection. It is an effective urban planning technique that
addresses the present-day concerns of sustainability which relies on integrating land use
and transport network systems. TOD aims at developing harmoniously a transit network
and the land it deserves both at the local and at the regional scale. TOD is more than
fighting land consumption; it aims at revitalizing regions as well as promoting new
lifestyles. The incorporation of Transit-Oriented Design in a city supports it in every
phase - social, economic and overall development. TOD also often requires existing
transit to be considered a proper TOD, an assumption that this research challenges
proposing other important characteristics for this development type and the concept of
bringing in transit through TOD rather than only executing it around existing transit.
Sindhulimadhi is taken as study area to model a new pattern of sustainable urban
developmental planning, which supports land use, transportation planning, environment
and all fields of growth management. Sindhulimadhi is one of the emerging city in Nepal.
However, due to rapid urbanization, they are facing haphazard and uncontrollable
development problems and problems related to unplanned development resulting in the
growth of unorganized transportation planning. Moreover, this study is an applied
research which lies under pragmatic paradigm. Thus, this research deals with the
ideology of assessing TOD potentials in Sindhulimadi into the development of a regional
city and measure its efficiency in different urban contexts, in order to provide better and
feasible planning strategies for the proposed future development.

Keywords:
Transit Oriented Development – Urban Development Scenario – Transportation
planning – Emerging cities – Sindhulimadhi – City planning

5

[Paper ID: 80006]

Challenges in Informal Settlement in Kathmandu Valley: A case
of Sankhamul Squatter Settlement

Manoj Shrestha*, Sudha Shrestha
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Squatter settlements and slums became widespread in many developing world
cities. Numerous squatter settlements have emerged in different urban centers
across Nepal in the last two decades, with Kathmandu, the capital city.
Increasingly, new migrants are clustering in diminishing prime open spaces and
environmentally sensitive areas. Though the proportion of squatter housing is
low compared to other Third World cities, it’s growing rapidly. The paper
reflects the current situation of the residents of Sankhamul squatter
settlements on several dimensions to generate attention of the public and the
authorities to resolve their issues. It accesses the question what planning
interventions/approaches would be appropriate for challenges in
infrastructure of the particular informal settlement? And the aim is to identify
the challenges for infrastructure provision in the study area and develop the
opportunities. Moreover, this paper suggests appropriate recommendations for
controlling the proliferation of such settlements, their consistent
marginalization and subordination from the general people and solutions to
control them.

6

[Paper ID: 80007]

Impacts of Exorbitant Land Price in Urban Form - A Case of
Kageshwori Manohara Municipality

Swornima Munankarmi*, Ashim Ratna Bajracharya
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Urbanization has become unavoidable phenomenon observed all across the
globe especially in developing countries. One of the most significant impacts of
urbanization is on the price of land. The supply of land is inelastic and the
speculative demand for land breaks equilibrium of demand and supply which
leads to deviation of land prices from their basic value. This study focuses on
studying impact of exorbitant land prices on urban form of study area
Kageshwori Manohara Municipality. Kageshwori Manohara is rapidly
urbanizing municipality where the land price has increased in even faster pace.
To gain insight into the current scenario of study area, both qualitative and
quantitative analytical methods were used using the data collected via
interviews with key informants and questionnaire survey. Various indicators
with respect to land price at ward level were analyzed. The study has drawn
conclusion and recommendations regarding the urban form and land
management for the municipality, and for the urban areas that are in stage of
rapid urbanization.

Keywords:
Land Price – Urban Form –Urbanization – Urban Land Management

7

[Paper ID: 80008]

The Growth Pattern of new municipalities around Kathmandu
Valley: A Case of Kageshwori Manohara Municipality

Richa Dhungana*, Jagadish Chandra Pokharel,
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Cities offer a significant range of opportunities and life quality improvements to their
residents. The decline in environmental quality of the densely built city centers, traffic
congestion, pollution, degradation of public spaces and safety; change in lifestyles due to
increase in incomes, in favor of more spacious decentralized housing; the replacement of
residential land use in the city center by tertiary activities; the fact that housing
improvement in the city center costs more than new construction outside the city; and
the housing supply strategies of real estate agents, which find less resistance in the more
spacious out-of-town areas have been the cause of urban growth, a study by Camagni in
2002 suggests. Kathmandu Valley from its historic period has been the political and
economic capital seat of the country. With the increasing global trend of urbanization,
Valley is also growing with Kathmandu city regarded as one of the fastest urbanizing
cities of South Asia. The impact of urbanization currently is not only limited within the
core of Kathmandu but rather has spread in the suburb areas. Kageshwori Manohara
municipality which fell under rural areas just half a decade back is now an independent
municipal corporation. However, the growth pattern of Kageshwori Manohara as a city
is seen to be highly related to the growth of Kathmandu city. Sharing its boundary with
Kathmandu in the Southern areas, the urbanization of Kageshwori Manohara is highly
dominated and concentrated in these areas. In other words, what we can say is the
development of Kageshwori Manohara is a peripheral growth of Kathmandu in which
the wards connected geographically to Kathmandu holds the largest share of what we
call as urban growth of the municipality.

Keywords:
Urbanization – growth pattern – outgrowth – satellite city

8

[Paper ID: 80011]

Participatory Approach for the Conservation of Traditional
Settlement of Nepal, Case at Balambu

Bikram Manandhar*, Sudarshan Raj Tiwari
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Stakeholder participation and involvement is essential for the sustainable conservation
of traditional settlement. Balambu is taken as a case area for the conservation through
participatory approach in which involvement and participation of communities in
conservation and management were assessed through various focus group discussions,
workshops, interviews and house survey methods. Important cultural heritages of
Balambu like temples, paatis, ponds, inscriptions and other monuments, community
spaces, jatra routes, main streets within the settlement area of Balambu were identified.
Mahalaxmi temple, Lichchhavi and Medieveal period inscriptions, Ganesh Temple, Tagan
Phalcha, Nasa Dya, Muka chhen and Hiti gaa beside Tagan Phalcha are the most
important monuments of Balambu area. From the discussions and workshops, many lost
heritages like culturally important Phalchas, ponds and traditional wells were identified.
With the example of reconstruction work of Mahalaxmi Temple which is under
construction, identification of stakeholders, their roles, process, challenges, problems
and management is rectified. In spite of conservation awareness being high (67%),
locals knowing they are responsible for the conservation (64%), Balambu area losing its
traditional characteristics (64%) participation of the community in the conservation
work is very low (26%). Maintenance (62%), capital (54%), local coordination (60%)
and public awareness (62%) are the major challenge according to the local residents of
Balambu. It was recommended that there must be improved management system, local
coordination works, involving locals in the conservation projects, transparency in the
conservation works and conservation awareness campaign for improving participatory
methods for conservation.

Keywords:
Conservation – stakeholder participation – participatory approach – traditional
settlement – cultural heritage

9

[Paper ID: 80012]

Activating Public Space: Rethinking and Reforming of Public
Open Spaces in Kuleshwor Site and Services Area

Praveen Maharjan*, Jiba Raj Pokheral
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Public open spaces are platforms in which people can be part of the public
sphere. It’s in public spaces where people can physically join the wider
community contradictory to the setting of home or work place. The distinctive
feature of new emerging towns is the disappearance of neighbor relations, and
the isolation of the residents which is the result of lack of well maintained
public open spaces. Many public open spaces around the globe have suffered
from under appreciation and serious neglect. A properly designed public open
space would encourage people to leave their houses and engage in different
form of activities. This can improve the quality of space in terms of its use and
occupancy. This research aims to identify and evaluate dysfunctional public
open spaces and weak connections in those spaces, and come up with a
proposal to reform these spaces and activate public life by identifying the
architectural and urban features of the public open spaces.

Keywords:
Public Open space – Access and Linkage – Use and Activities – Sociability –
Comfort and Image

10

[Paper ID: 80013]

Model for Wind Speed Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network
from Meteorological Variables: Case Study of Selected Sites of Nepal

Anjay Sah*, Sanjeev Maharjan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Nepal having significant topographical variation requires micro level of
modeling for wind energy resource assessment to find out the potential of a
particular sites to generate wind power. The objective of current study is to
predict wind speed of 1 location of all the 7 provinces of Nepal. In this study,
total seven number of Artificial Neural Network based model are proposed
which is formulated in neural network fitting tool in MATLAB R2016b
environment. The model uses numerous combination of Meteorological
variables from Tribhuvan International airport for the period of 2008 - 2017
such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature,
atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind direction,
altitude as an input and wind speed as an output of the model whereas model 8
is sketched by averaging the output of all the previously developed model. Root
Mean Square error and Coefficient of Determination achieved for the
formulated model 7 are found to be (0.067632686) and (99.06045008%)
respectively. Model is justified by predicting the wind speeds of entirely
different locations Pokhara Airport. Root mean square error is found to be
(0.400391163) and coefficient of determination as (97.68231929%) showing
extreme level of prediction precision of the proposed ANN model.

Keywords:
Nepal – Meteorological variable – Artificial neural network model – wind speed
prediction

11

[Paper ID: 80014]

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of External Walls: A Comparative Study
of AAC and CSEB blocks

Luna Shah Thakuri*, Laxman Poudel
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Building design encompasses assemblages of materials in its wall, roofing and
floor, which vary widely from one geographical location to another. Use of
green building material is one of five design principles developed by UN Habitat
Nepal in the year 2013.The construction industry is rapidly evolving and is in
need of many alternative building materials since the conventional materials
are in short supply and are causing degradation of the environment. For
implementation of those alternative materials, it is necessary to ensure that
they are cost effective as well as energy efficient. This paper presents a case
study of a single family detached house in Panchkhal Municipality within a 60
years perspective. The Life cycle cost in this study analyses costs that incurred
during installation, maintenance, repair and reusable phase of external wall
construction in a residential building. The study does not cover energy and
water consumption costs. The result shows that construction cost contributed
to 76% to 88.64%, maintenance cost contributed 23% to 11% while repair and
reusable costs varied from 1% to 2%. Also the NPV of CSEB block masonry is
more than AAC block walls by 9.8% and 25% more than brick walls.

Keywords:
Building – Alternate wall material – Life cycle cost

12

[Paper ID: 80016]

Flow and Stress Analysis of Aged Penstock of Sundarijal
Hydropower Plant (SJHPP)

Sanjaya Pathaka*, Kamal Darlamib
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Sundarijal Hydropower Plant (SJHPP) is the second oldest hydropower plant of
Nepal, and it is being upgraded from 640kW to 970kW with the replacement of all
hydro-mechanical and electromechanical parts excluding penstock after 85 years
operation of the plant. The penstock is coetaneous to the plant and needs to be
examined for the safe operation of the plant in the future. This paper investigates
the actual condition of the existing penstock based on flow and stress analysis with
an analytical approach as well as using commercial software. Furthermore, it also
analyzes the critical thickness of the three analysis domain, which reflects the
rupture thickness of the penstock. The velocity and pressure distribution profile
using commercial software show undisturbed velocity streamlines with increased
velocity from inlet to outlet throughout the analysis domain. However, in the
analysis domain one, the velocity is disturbed in the branched section, and flow
seems to be higher through the smaller cross-section. The head loss on all six-
analysis domains is computed and stress is found to be below allowing working
stress of 127.49 MPa throughout all domains. Evaluations of the critical thickness of
the analysis domain of one, five, and six found that the thickness of 5.5mm, 1.3mm,
and 2.4mm with the corresponding equivalent stresses 260.30 MPa, 264.69 MPa,
and 271 MPa respectively is just below the yield stress of the material. The domain
five with the factor of safety (FOS) 2.6793 is found to be unsafe under Indian
Standard (IS) penstock design code for the regular operation of the plant.

Keywords:
SJHPP – Aged Penstock – Head Loss – Equivalent Stress – Critical Thickness –
Operational Safety

13

[Paper ID: 80017]

Co-Design with Children to Create a Sustainable Learning Space

Alisha Shrestha*, Martina M. Keitsch
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
With the increasing population and limited natural resources, we, as individuals
and societies need to learn to live together sustainable. We need to take action
responsibly based on the understanding that what we do today can have
implications on the lives of people and the planet in future. Until recently,
education systems have mostly prepared students to perform certain social
functions in a relatively predictable world. However, the world is changing and
we can no longer expect the same old. Today’s students will soon need to deal
with complex sustainability challenges, which requires totally new skills and
attitudes to be developed. This paper aims to formulate the framework for
sustainable learning space that will help empower students and build good
social skills or the future. The research follows participatory design method in
which in which various techniques of communication with children was
conducted on the basis of literature review. Qualitative data were analyzed on
the basis of the data collected during the period of two workshops. The findings
revealed that children’s perception of space is different to that of adult and it
can influence their growth and knowledge. Thus including children as the
design partner can be beneficial for the society in terms of sustainable
development.

Keywords:
Co-Design – Sustainable Education – Social Sustainability – Children –
Participation

14

[Paper ID: 80019]

Design and Numerical Modelling of Vertical Axis Helical Wind
Turbine for Highway Application

Pradeep Bartaula*, Shree Raj Shakya
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Though Nepal has a huge potential in the hydro power generation, it hasn’t
made much exploitation and the power production is very low compared to its
production capacity. The current electricity demand of Nepal is around 16641
Mwh whereas present installed power generation capacity is around 15914
Mwh[1]. so, wind energy seems very promising for Nepal to manage the gap
between demand and power generation. Little exploitation to extract power
from wind has been made only via HAWT. But, use of VAWT can be more
promising as they are more beneficial compared to HAWT. This research work
is all about the design and numerical modelling of the VAHWT for high power
generation on highways. The rotor blades of varying aspect ratio are designed
in CATIA V5R20 based on design of WS-0,15B, and simulation was carried out
in ANSYS Workbench 18.1 and necessary data are obtained via CFD approach.
The data from CFD approach are used for performance evaluation. At the end,
when applying CFD approach for evaluation of maximum efficient turbine
varying the aspect ratio, has shown the turbine with aspect ratio of 1 to be the
most efficient with performance coefficient of 0.3927. Thus, the detail study on
this research work has led to the need and opportunity of VAHWT to be further
researched and can be developed as a good source of energy producing system.
It can also be economical method of power extraction from wind in the
countries like Nepal with growing urbanisation.

Keywords:
HAWT – CATIA – ANSYS – CFD – Rotor – WS-0 15B – RPM – Performance
coefficient

15

[Paper ID: 80020]

Planning and Analysis of Optimum Operation of Upper
Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project

Ramesh Adhikari*, Sanjaya Neupane, Bhakta Bahadur Ale
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
This paper deals with modelling of Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project for
the optimization of unit performance by econimic distribution of available
discharge of water for production of maximum power output and optimization
of reservoir for daily operation to meet the load at different time frame in a day.
First, optimization is applied to determine maximum power generation that can
be achieved with proper discharge distribution among units. Second,
optimization of reservoir is done to meet the load demand of Integrated Nepal
Power System at different time throughout a day during dry season so as to
manage power import from India in a proper way.
Keywords:
Reservoir Optimization – Discharge Distribution – Power Optimization

16

[Paper ID: 80021]

Effect of Shading Device and Opening Size in Thermal Comfort of
Residential Building – A Case of Biratnagar

Supriya Pyakurel*, Ranjan Bhatta, Prativa Lamsal
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
While world is marching on with the population growth and urbanization
issues, it has witnessed the high energy demand in trying to satisfy people with
thermal comfort. In the warm and temperate city like Biratnagar, Nepal which
has been rapidly urbanizing since the 1990s where the random construction
practice has led most of population high time trouble in dealing with indoor
comfort. The deal of achieving thermal comfort in the residential building of
Biratnagar primarily by the means of passive design strategies is obtained
through the application of strategies like suitable opening size and proper
shading devices in the existing building.This study used both qualitative and
quantitative methods which included field survey of both the vernacular and
contemporary buildings of Biratnagar followed by the questionnaire tools
based on which refernece building was selected. The data collected from the
department of Hydrology and meteorology were analyzed using climate
analysis tool bioclimatic chart and primary design guidelines were withdrawn
using Mahoney table. The energy simulation for existing building and
retrofitted building is carried out through Ecotect software where the results
obtained through the application of the shading device and suitable openings
were considerable in energy saving up to 21.32% annually to achieve indoor
thermal comfort.

Keywords:
Thermal comfort – energy efficiency – passive design strategies – climate
responsive design

17

[Paper ID: 80023]

Aeroelastic Energy Harvesting: A Case for Galloping

Sandip Thakur*, Kamal Darlami, Laxman Poudel
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
Energy Harvesting (EH) from transverse galloping of bluff bodies can be used to
convert wind energy into electrical power to develop self powered devices (like
sensors). This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of flow induced
vibration based energy harvesting by the use of piezoelectric material. Two way
coupled fluid structure interaction simulation is carried out to get the
displacement of a square base prism and the result is used to calculate the
power produced. A maximum power output of 2.1 mW is predicted at a wind
velocity of 12 m/s.
Keywords:
Energy Harvesting – Galloping – Quasi-Steady– Piezoelectric– Two-way Fluid
Structure Interaction

18

[Paper ID: 80024]

Changing Dimensions of Public Space in Traditional Neighborhood
of Mahaboudha

Anatta Shresthacharya*
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

Urban public spaces are where people discover the value and benefit of public life. These are
places for social activities and maturing of culture itself. However in the recent times, the
evolution electronic means of communication and modern transportation needs have
transformed the physical, social and psychological dimensions of public space. Traditional
city core of Kathmandu mostly retained its medieval characters until pre-modern period but
has gone through massive transformations since 1950s. The transformation has led to loss of
spatial relation, linkages and accessibility that used to exist between the built environment
and public spaces. This research aims to examine how the physical, social and psychological
dimensions of public spaces are changing in the traditional neighborhood and how one
dimension influences the other. Mahaboudha is chosen as a study area, which is one of the
most commercialized areas within the traditional town boundary and has gone though
significant physical transformations. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in
the research within the post positivist paradigm. Perception survey was carried out at site for
the quantitative method whereas for the qualitative method literature, historical photographs
and maps were studied to understand the change over time. Direct observation of the site for
the usage of public spaces along with the factors that cause the misuse of the spaces were also
done. Findings from the research showed that change in physical environment and
incompatible uses have degraded the public spaces. The research also revealed that
perception and use of public space is different for local residents and renters. The research
concludes that the changes in immediate built environment have huge impact on the usage
and perception of public spaces while the perception and usage of public spaces also varies
for locals and renters. Controlling mechanisms for the physical transformation and restriction
on inappropriate uses is very essential and due consideration of all its users along with their
perception should be taken into account for the traditional public spaces to retain its
functional quality and inherited spirit.

Keywords:
Public space – Street, Courtyard – Local – Renter – Built environment

19

[Paper ID: 80025]

Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Horizontal Reed Bed
Constructed Wetland

Sunil Rakhal*, Iswar Man Amatya
Department of Applied Sciences & Chemical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus,
IOE, TU
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
The treatment of the wastewater is necessary to keep the natural water bodies
in fresh condition. The treatment of wastewater by Constructed Wetland
requires very less energy and easy to construct, operate and maintain, so, it
could be the better option for the developing countries like Nepal. The main
objective of the study is to know the variation pattern of nutrients such as Total
Nitrogen(TN),Total phosphorous (TP), and Potassium (K+) and Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal with respect to different conditions (days from
plantation and flow distance) and plant height w.r.t maturation of plant in the
Horizontal Reed Bed Constructed Wetland. The study was carried out in the
Wetland constructed in IOE premises and Reed (Narkat, phragmites karka) as
macrophyte at an average 8.12 m3d-1 flow rate. The concentration of TN, TP,K+
and BOD in influent ranged from 48-92 mg-N/l, 7-18 mg-P/l, 36-54 mg/l and
46-110 mg/l respectively and in effluent ranged from 21-51 mg-N/l, 1-7 mg-P/l,
29-46 mg/l and 14-30 mg/l respectively with few exception giving the 1 year’s
average removal efficiency and decay rate for TN,TP,K+ and BOD are
48.17,65.63, 15.63 and 74.20% and 0.018 m-1, 0.023 m-1, 0.005 m-1 and 0.032
m-1 respectively. The average plant height is greater than 1 m in 180 days from
plantation of the reed. The maximum nutrient decay coefficient was found to be
0.024 m-1 for TN, 0.038 m-1 for TP and 0.007 m-1 for K+ and maximum removal
efficiencies of TN, TP,K+ and BOD during first 1 years maturation period of
plant were found to be 63.01,82.04, 25 and 87.27% .

Keywords:
Influent-Effluent – Macrophyte – TN – TP –BOD – Nutrient

20

[Paper ID: 80026]

Modeling and Performance Analysis of Automatic Solar Panel
Cleaning System

Sagar Raj Poudel*, Sugam Maharjan
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Time dependent nature and due to an intermittent source, conserving maximum
energy generated from solar panels has become difficult with an increasing trend of
pollution level in urban areas, leading turned off operation of street lights, which
indicated the average daily losses on solar conversion efficiency by 2.8% inside
Kathmandu Valley. This paper aims to study the current scenario on the output
trend of solar systems especially used for street light and traffic light purpose and
generate a possible mechanical dry-cleaning method with the selection of the best
mechanism depending on the performance. The two feasible concepts based on
movement i.e. parallel and radial movement, wheel drive mechanism and crank
rotor mechanism (wiper based) were designed on CAD systems and fabricated to
evaluate the performance. The mechanisms were compared using the Pugh’s
decision matrix considering cleaning effectiveness, power required to drive and
weight of the system as performance parameters and their importance were
determined through the survey which resulted the cleaning effectiveness to be the
most important parameter. From the experiment, the increment of solar conversion
efficiency by 35.77% from wheel drive mechanism and 31.40% for crank rotor
mechanism was obtained and was validated by analytical solution determining
losses on panel after and before cleaning The matrix resulted with the selection of
wheel drive mechanism as the best one to fit for the system according to
performance. After the mechanism selection, financial analysis of the selected
system shows to return its cost after 2.5 years with monthly energy saving of
Rs.129 for 200-watt system.

Keywords:
Automatic Solar panel cleaning – Effective cleaning time – mechanism – CAD –
Decision Matrix – efficiency

21

[Paper ID: 80028]

Dynamic Response of Vertical Shaft Pelton Turbine Unit for Free
Vibration

Rujan Timsina*, Mahesh Chandra Luitel
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
An important factor affecting the performance, reliability and life of turbine is
mechanical vibration in the turbine unit. Most of the research on vibration of
pelton turbine are made for horizontal shaft unit. This work focuses on the
vibrational analysis of vertical shaft pelton. The work was carried out to model
the equation of motion by calculating kinetic and potential energy using
Hamilton’s Principle and then using Galerkin method with shape function
Residual function; the angular velocity was determined. Also, the analytically
calculated frequency was compared with the simulated result the dynamic
response for free vibration was analyzed. The pelton wheel is assumed as a
shaft disk system; which cover dynamic behavior of vertical flexible shaft,
supported by rigid bearing on the other end to determine natural frequency of
the system. The critical frequencies were determined for developed
mathematical model based on real vertical shaft pelton unit of Kulekhani-I HEP
situated in Makawanpur district. Analytically, Natural frequencies along v and
w direction were found to be 53.415 rad/s. The critical speeds along v and w-
direction were found to be 510.076 rpm. These analytical results were close to
ANSYS simulated result which were found to be 581.05 rpm. Approximated
analytical simulation provided output natural frequency of the unit were not
much deviated. The analytical result were compared to simulated results and
variation in results were found to be 13.915%.

Keywords:
Vertical shaft – Pelton – Natural frequency – Vibration – Campbell diagram –
Dynamic behavior.

22

[Paper ID: 80029]

Impact of Rural Development Project on Women Empowerment on
Sustainable Livelihood – “A Case of Machhapucchre Village, Kaski”

Yashodha Timalisna*, Sangeeta Singh
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract
Rural women are the backbone of sustainable livelihoods. They provide food
security for their families and communities. In some rural villages of Nepal
some effort are being made to empower women in local level with aid from
external or local institute. These efforts are appreciable, but its effectiveness,
impact and sustainability haven’t been studied. This research focused on
cooperative run by women to figure out how it helped women empowerment
and sustainable livelihood. The study was carried out in Bhalabot village of
Ghachowk-3, 21km northwest from Pokhara. Primary data was collected using
semi structured interviews with key informant survey, households survey, and
group discussion. Whereas, secondary data was collected from relevant articles,
journals and published and unpublished reports. Level of satisfaction of women
and decision making on spending was measured using Chi-square test. The
qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as pie charts, bar
graphs and tables. It showed positive changes in socio-economic condition of
women from cooperative. Cooperative has been able to provide loan to improve
business and savings accounts (like Mahila Bachat and Bal Bacha) to make
women financially strong and independent. Cooperatives have potential to
create opportunities; women employment and human skill development. Thus,
concerned agencies need to explore, and promote cooperatives or similar
institutions that are working on women upliftment and rural area as a whole.
Keywords:
Rural women – Women Empowerment – Sustainable Livelihood – Socio-
economic condition – Cooperative

23

[Paper ID: 80031]

Making Lalitpur City Cycle Friendly

Lasata Shakya*, Sangeeta Singh
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Cities of developed nations, as a key component of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), are promoting public vehicles and cycles as primary
modes of transport. As the innovative world has taken a number of leaps to
transform the urban areas into more sustainable and livable cities, cities in our
country has been swept up in the vicious cycle of motorized vehicle-centric
development, resulting in rampant road widening and continued congestion.
Lalitpur is one such city whose heritage significance is still intact and has
possibility to make it a cycle city. To meet the objective of the research of
exploring the potential of Lalitpur city to make it cycle friendly was done by
identifying the feasible routes for cycle networking and possible strategies to
make cycle city. The research follows the exploratory method where the foreign
initiatives relevant with the case area was studied. The case area was further
studied to identify the characteristics of site which was necessary to envision
the possible cycle networking route. The route analyzed are the ring road route,
river corridor route, heritage area and the godawari route. The overall
literature review, site study and survey questionnaires further discerned the
possible strategies that can be implemented to make the Lalitpur city cycle
friendly which are proper bicycle lane and networking, bicycle stands and
bicycle sharing system integrated with the public transportation.

Keywords:
Cycle city – Sustainable Transportation – Cycle Infrastructure

24

[Paper ID: 80033]

Impact of Climate Change on Heating and Cooling load demand for
Sustaining Thermal Comfort in a Residential Building –A Case Study

of Kathmandu Valley

Sangita Thapa*, Ranjan Bhatta, Yam Prasad Rai
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Climate change is considered as one of the main challenges facing humankind in
the 21th century, with serious and global consequences for the environment,
human health and the economy. At the same time, the performance of buildings
depends on the climate they are exposed to. Their long lifetime (in the range of
50–100 plus years) corresponds to the timescale over which the climate is
expected to show substantial change. This implies that buildings built today
need to be designed to work successfully in both the current and future climate.
Thus, a measure for remodeling building envelopes in response to climate
change has attracted much attention. This study presents an analysis of the
impacts of climate change on thermal comfort and energy performance of
residential buildings in Kathmandu Valley. It explores mitigation as well as
adaptation strategies to improve buildings’ performance under climate change
conditions. The results suggest that climate change influences energy
performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings. However, effective
building design strategies could significantly improve buildings’ energy and
indoor climate performances under both current and future climate conditions.
Keywords:
Climate Change – Housing – Thermal Comfort – Building Envelope – Building
Energy Simulation–Heating and Cooling Load

25

[Paper ID: 80034]

Role of Architects in Building Disaster Resilient Communities

Ayusha Joshi, Jasmine Shakya, Srishti Shakya, Sanjay Uprety
Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Earthquake is a natural phenomenon occurring with all uncertainties. It is one
of the most devastating forces in nature which has challenged the current built
environment. Many buildings have remained vulnerable to the effects of
ecological worsening and an ever more commodified environment. These
challenges can be overcome only by making better, smarter and in more
resilient ways. There is a need for promoting the concept of resilience in
architecture through learning and advanced research and development. These
prevailing challenges has increased the role of architects in creating resilient
communities. The objective of this research is to identify the role of architects
in creating the building as well as the quality of resilient communities in a
variety of contexts at national, regional or global level. Since this study adopted
a qualitative research, the interpretive model was applied to investigate the
research problems. This study used the Case Study method, a common way for
carrying out qualitative research, to guide the research process. These case
studies shed light on the role of architects in building disaster resilient
communities. Conclusions serve as a new concept to future researchers in this
field and all the related stakeholders and creates professional strategies for
improvement of building and community as a whole.
Keywords:
Architects-Role - Responsibility - Resilience - Communities - Built environment

26

[Paper ID: 80035]

Development of MATLAB Based Software for Simple Spur Gear
Design and its Validation for Stress Simulations

Uren Amatya*
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
From the tiny things like watches to the automobiles, gears have huge
application. The designing portion and selection of gears has been the difficult
part for the engineers. The spur gear designing software created by using
MATLAB is a great tool to design simple external spur gears in efficient manner.
This software asks for the input parameters to the users and performs the
calculations and provides the output in the form the calculated value along with
the model of designed spur gear. It also checks whether the designed gear is
satisfactory or not. The currently available software are expensive and are not
specific to gears thus the spur gear designing software will be very useful in
local manufacturing workshop and also cost effective for the specific use of
designing gears. The software also incorporates fem stress analysis carried out
on the gear tooth. The result of the stress analysis done from the software is to
be validated by comparing it to the results of stress analysis of the gear in
Solidworks. The program is user friendly by the help of Graphical User Interface
and can be used to development of any kind of spur gear needed for various
projects and systems.

Keywords:
Spur Gear – Gear Design – MATLAB – Stress Simulation – FEM

27

[Paper ID: 80036]

Design and Study of Conical Draft Tube for Francis Turbine for
Steady Flow.

Bhuwan karki*, Subodh kumar Ghimire, Hari Bdr. Dura
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Draft tube helps to recover the pressure head by utilizing the kinetic energy of
water flowing through reaction turbine. Different geometries of draft tube have
been designed by changing the diffuser angle and output cross-section. The
numerical analysis have been done in ANSYS16 CFX code and optimum values
of length and diffuser angle are found for the maximum efficiency and head
recovery for given boundary conditions. The divergence angle are varied from
40 to 9.50. Length/Inlet diameter (L/D) ratio of 13 has been chosen for flow
analysis to check maximum Pressure recovery that needs to be optimized.The
ratio of L/D lies in between 10 to 20 for best pressure recovery. Ultimately for
the model which has shown back flow, the CFD simulation will be terminated. It
has been found that model with diffuser angle 5_ has maximum pressure
recovery. Significant improvements has been done and validated with the
mathematical model. Performance has been enhanced in this research work by
optimizing the geometry.

Keywords:
Draft tube – Pressure recovery – Losses – Efficiency

28

[Paper ID: 80038]

Urban Form and Hierarchy of Open Spaces of Traditional Town,
Chapagaon.

Sanjaya Maharjan, Jiba Raj Pokherel
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
The cities are planned with the interplay of mass and space. Mass represents
the built structures like palaces, temples, buildings and other social built
infrastructures whereas the space represents the open spaces like streets,
community, religious and cultural nodes. These elements of mass and spaces in
open, their alignment with each other and orientation define the urban form of
cities. Open spaces are basic type of land use along with residential, commercial,
industrial transportation etc. This research paper discusses the different
hierarchy of open spaces that were designed in ancient period in context of
traditional town Chapagaon. As Malla towns have different hierarchy of open
spaces within their town. The research aims to study urban form and different
hierarchy of open spaces within the study area, Chapagaon. The research work
has been studied under interpretivist/ constructivist paradigm. Different tools
regarding qualitative methodology has been applied in research work. Key
informants are identified and surveyed using open ended interviews. The site
has been visited multiple time to perceive the traditional form of settlement
along with photographic survey. Phenomenological research approach has been
used to understand people’s perception, perspectives and understanding of
current and past situation. Different articles and publications have been studied,
along with the inscriptions regarding the monuments of Chapagaon. Thus, the
traditional urban form and hierarchy of open spaces of ancient Chapagaon has
been discussed in findings.

Keywords:
Urban form – Open Spaces – Stharudranga – Bajrabarahi temple – Bhansar tole.

29

[Paper ID: 80039]

Design Study of runner for Horizontal Spiral Turbine

Alisha Rajbanshi*, Rajkumar Chaulagain
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Horizontal Spiral Turbine is able to efficiently intercept kinetic energy from
fluid. Its well-connected blades were suitable for low velocity, so this type of
turbine was stronger and more suitable than in a small-sized water receiving
area. The analytical analysis was based was based on velocity triangle method.
The geometry of the test turbine was designed in Solidworks and the meshing
or discretization procedures were carried out in Ansys Mesh 15.0. The
computational simulation was carried out by CFX 15.0 solver. This paper
presents the effect of blade angle on turbine efficiency for a spiral horizontal
axis hydro turbine. Modeling and a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis
were performed in order to determine the maximum torque of the turbine.
Findings from the study are in the process to reveal that blade angle has a
significant effect on turbine efficiency.

Keywords:
Horizotal Spiral Turbine – Computational fluid dynamic – turbine efficiency

30

[Paper ID: 80042]

Experimental Study on Effect of Number of Nozzle Holes and
Hole Axis Angles on Performance and Combustion of Diesel

Engine

Mamata Rijal*, Surya Prasad Adhikari
Department of Automobile & Mechanical Engineering, Thapathali Campus, IOE,
TU, Nepal
*Corresponding authors: [email protected]

Abstract:
This research was focused to present the inferences of the experimental studies
on the performance and combustion characteristics of diesel fuel for a single-
cylinder direct injection diesel engine using response surface methodology
(RSM) based mathematical modeling which were developed taking 9 set of
experimental results. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of loads
and injection pressures on performance characteristics like indicated power
(IP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC),
volumetric efficiency (VE), air-fuel ratio (AFR) and combustion characteristics
like net heat release (NHR), maximum cylinder pressure (MCP) and mean gas
temperature (MGT). The experiments were planned and RSM based quadratic
models were developed to establish the relationships between the process
parameters and the proposed characteristics. The response surface analysis
based on the experimental results revealed that by increasing loads from 2 kg
to 10 kg would lead to the increased IP, BTE, NHR, MCP and MGT and decreased
SFC, VE and AFR. The better value of BTE, SFC and NHR were obtained from 3
hole nozzle. Increasing the number of nozzle holes improved the combustion
characteristics like MCP and MGT. 4 hole nozzle of 142_hole axis angle gave
better BTE, VE and MCP and while 4 hole nozzle of 150_hole axis angle
improved the IP, SFC, AFR, NHR and MGT.

Keywords:
Diesel engine - Combustion characteristics - Performance characteristics -
Response surface methodology

31

[Paper ID: 80043]

Improved Aquaculture for Sustainable Livelihood in Majhi
Community: A case from Bhimtar, Sindupalchowk

Raj Kumar Khadka*, Sudharshan Raj Tiwari,
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning, Pulchowk Campus, IOE, TU,
Nepal
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
In recent decades, the aquaculture practice is increasing and its contribution for
foods is remarkable. Aquaculture has not only contributed in the field of food
security; it has created huge employment opportunities and potential economic
activities in the global context. To take these advantages, Majhi people from
Bhimtar – Sindupalchowk are also practicing aquaculture in 5 ponds with total area
of 2000 sqft. And this study was conducted to understand the existing scenario of
aquaculture being practiced in those community and assess their livelihood
outcomes, so that area of improvement in practice can be figured out. The study has
used Sustainable Livelihood Approach framework developed by Department for
International Development (an analytical tool to improve our understanding of
livelihoods of the poor/ vulnerable people) as a foundation to identify the means
and ways to enhance the livelihood of fish farmers. The survey was conducted into
13 HHs out of them 5 were fish farmers and they are producing 124kg fishes in a
year. It was found 1 sqft of pond, 0.06 kg of fishes were produced in the year 2075.
But this production is very low in compared to other farms. The case study of
Srijansil Mahila Macha Palan Samuha has reported 0.2 kg fish production per sq ft
from similar size backyard aquaculture. Lack of capital investment, lack of
institutional support, dependency on donor organization, lack of site and technical
knowledge are found as major constraints and are discussed to find mitigating
approaches in the final phase of the study.

Keywords:
Aquaculture – Majhi Communities – Sustainable Livelihood – Sustainable Livelihood
Framework

32