ENCYCLOPEDIA TAJWEED

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Syazana . Sarah . Sakinah . Ummu . Anisah . Hayati

Writer:

Nur Syazana Binti Jalaudin
Sarah Afifah Binti Mad Asri

Sakinah Binti Shaidon
Ummu Hanisah Binti Razak

Siti Anisah Binti Zulkifli
Noor Hayati Binti Harun

Editor:

Nur Syazana Binti Jalaudin
Noor Hayati Binti Harun

Design:
Noor Hayati Binti Harun

INTRODUCTION

Tajweed is one of important subject need to be
learned by every Muslim, so that we can recite
the Holy Quran smoothly without any error as it
was an obligation for us to avoid reciting it
mistakenly. The content of this encyclopedia is
focusing on two topics from tajweed which are
Nun Sakinah and Meem Sakinah. Nun Sakinah
was divided into five parts which are Izhaar Halqi,
Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi, Idghaam Bighunnah, Idghaam
Bilaghunnah and Iqlaab. While, Meem Sakinah
was divided into three categories which are
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi, Idghaam Shafawi, and Izhaar
Shafawi. All of these will be explained in detail in
this encyclopedia practically. It is very simple and
easy to understand yet fulfill all of most crucial
things in each topics.

This encyclopedia also came out with some
innovation criteria to make it more effective
learning materials for users. The innovation that
we implemented in this product is by providing
QR codes scan. Each QR codes consists of the
voice audios for learners to listen to every
pronunciation of the Quranic verse based on the
examples given in each topics.

However, Users do not have to worry because
each audios were originally taken from the
recitation of Syeikh Mishary Rashed Al-Efasy which
known as famous Quranic reciter around the world
and his recitation had been widely used in every
platform. There were also exercises provided at
the last page of this book. Users can access it by
scanning the QR code if they want to test their
knowledge in Tajweed.

In conclusion, this encyclopedia is well
round and suitable to use for everyone including
the beginner. Thus, it also can contribute to
education field where teachers can easily use it for
students as one of learning and teaching material
in order to create affective and enjoyable Tajweed
learning.

THE RULES OF NUN
SAKINAH

 IQLAAB
 IZHAAR HALQI
 IKHFAA’ HAQIQI
 IDGHAAM BIGHUNNAH
 IDGHAAM BILAGHUNNAH

Scan QR Code To
Hear Each Example Of

The Readings

IQLAAB

Definition:
• Iqlaab in terms of language means change. In terms of

terminology, Iqlaab means to change the pronunciation of Nun
Sakinah or Tanween to Meem when it meets the letter ‫ ب‬along
with the 2 beats (Harakat) hum by keeping Ikhfaa and hum.

Iqlaab Letters: ‫ب‬

The Way Of Pronunciation:
• When Nun Sakinah or Tanween meets the letter ‫ب‬, then the

pronunciation of Nun should be changed to the sound of Meem in
Ikhfaa’ along with hum. Ikhfaa’ is meaning ‘hide’ here. The
pronunciation of Ikhfaa’ here can be confirmed by lightening the
pronunciation of Meem by closing the lips completely.

Reason Of Iqlaab:
• The recitation of Iqlaab on Nun Sakinah meets with ‫ ب‬because it is

difficult to recite it in Izhaar or Idghaam, although Nun and ‫ ب‬are
different makhraj and similar in most of their properties.
• The closest way to pronounce it is in the middle way between
Izhaar and Idghaam which is Ikhfaa’. The letters are changed to
Meem because Meem has similarities with ‫ ب‬in terms of makhraj.

Signs:
• Nun Sakinah and Tanween on Iqlab have small Meem letters

together.

Naming:
• It is only called Iqlaab because the voice of the Nun is changed to

the voice of Meem in a way of Ikhfaa’.

Example:

• Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 52 :

ََ ‫ثُ َّم َعفَ ۡونَا َعن ُكم ِّم ۢنِِّّب ۡعِدّ َٰ َذ ِل َك لَعَلَّ ُك ۡم تَ ۡش ُك ُُو‬

• Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 96:

ََ ‫َوٱََّّللُ بصي ِّۢرِِّّبما َي ۡع َملُو‬

• Surah Ali-Imran Verse 19:
ُِّۡۡۗ‫َو َما ٱ ۡختَ َل َف ٱلَّ ِذي ََ أُوتُواْ ٱۡل ِك َٰتَ َب إَِ َّّل ِّم ۢنِِّّب ۡعِّد َما َجآ َء ُه ُم ٱۡل ِعۡل ُم ب ۡغِۢيّاِّبِّۡيَن‬

IZHAAR HALQI

Definition:
• Izhaar Halqi is a Nun Sakinah or Tanween with followed by any

of the six of Izhaar Halqi letters.
• Izhaar Means: “Clear”

The Way Of Pronunciation:
• If a Nun Sakinah or a Tanween is followed by any of the six

throat letters, the Nun Sakinah or the Tanween is pronounce
clearly from its respective origination without Ghunnah.

Izhaar Halqi Letters: ‫ء ه ع غ ح خ‬

Reason Of Izhar:
• Nun is read with Izhar when nun meets these 6 letters because

it is far from makhraj and it attributes with Nun Sakinah. This is
because the makhraj of the letter halqi is in the throat while
the makhraj Nun Sakinah is at the base of the nose.

Signs:
• Izhar Halqi can be known by looking at Nun Sakinah which has

a Sukun sign on it and a parallel Tanween sign.

Naming:
• This rule is named as Izhaar Halqi because the nun reads clearly

(Izhaar) when it meets 6 letters that come out of the throat
(Halqi).

Example:

 Surah Yaasiin Verse 18 :
ِّۡۗ‫َقالُ ٓواْ إِنَّا تَ َطيَّ ُۡ َنا بِ ُك ۖۡم لَئَِ لَّ ۡم تَنتَ ُهواْ لَنَ ُۡ ُج َمنَّ ُك ۡم َو َل َي َم َّسنَّ ُكم ِمنَّا عذا ٌبِِّأّلي‬

 Surah Yaasiin Verse 20 :
ََ ‫ل َي ۡسعَ َٰى قَا َل َٰيَوَقَ ۡو ِم ٱتَّ ِبعُواْ ٱۡل ُم ُۡ َس ِلي‬ٞ ‫َو َجآ َء ِمّ ۡنِِّأّ ۡقصا ٱۡل َم ِدينَ ِة َُ ُج‬

 Surah Az-Zumar Verse 3 :

‫إِ ََّ ٱََّّل َل ََّل يَ ۡه ِدي َم َۡ ُه َو َٰكِذّبِِّّكفَّا ِّر‬

IKHFAA’ HAQIQI

Definition:
• Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi in terms of language means hide. Haqiqi means to

actually happen. In term of terminology Ikhfaa’ means making a
middle pronunciation between the pronunciation of Izhar and the
pronunciation of Idghaam and humming
• Ikhfaa’ means: To hide – it is the pronunciation of Nun Sakinah or
Tanween in a way so that the sound is between Idghaam and Izhaar.

The Way Of Pronunciation:
• If any letters of Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi followed by the Nun Sakinah or

Tanween, the reader should hide the Nun Sakinah or Tanween and
also required to make Ghunnah for 2 beats (Harakat).

Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi Letters: ‫ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق‬

Signs:
• Nun Sakinah for Ikhfaa’ does not have any sign on it and it Tanween

sign is not parallel

Naming:
• This rule ia called Ikhfaa’ Haqiqi because Ikhfaa’ which occurs on Nun

Sakinah and Tanween here occurs in reality compared to Ikhfaa’
Majazi (not real) on Ikhfaa’ Shafawi and Iqlaab.

Reason of Ikhfaa’:
• The reason for reading Ikhfaa’ on these letters is because there is no

connection between Nun Sakinah and the letters on makhraj and
adjectives, which allows it to be read in idghaam. The letters are not
far from the Nun Sakinah on makhraj and the nature that allows it
to be read Izhar. So, of course the middle way is Ikhfaa’ which is the
hiding of the pronunciation of Nun Sakinah by not pronouncing it
perfectly.

Additional Notes:
• Place the tongue close to the makhraj of the next letter, most of the

voices are hummed and a small part of the voices come out except
the letters ‫ ك‬and ‫ ق‬which are completely hummed because the
makhraj of the two letters are tightly close.
• It should be ensured that there is no element of idghaam in the
pronunciation and do not extend the pronunciation of Nun Sakinah.

Example:

 Surah Al-Maun Verse 5 : ‫ٱلَّ ِذي َن ُه ۡم َعنَصََلتِ ِهمَ َسا ُهو َن‬
 Surah As-Syam Verse 9 : ‫َق ۡد أَ ۡف َل َح َمن َز َّك ٰىها‬
 Surah At-Tariq Verse 6 : َ‫ُخ ِل َق ِمن َّمَا َء َدافِق‬

IDGHAAM BIGHUNNAH

Definition:
• Idghaam Bighunnah means entering or combining the letters of

Sukun into the letters that are lined up along with the hum.

Idghaam Bighunnah Letters: ۡۗ ‫ي و ن‬

The way of pronunciation:
• When the Nun Sakinah or Tanween meets these letters then

the Nun's reading should be combined into the next letter and
then hummed. Then the voice of the Nun will disappear and
what is clearly heard is the sound of the letters idghaam. The
humming rate is the rate of 2 beats (Harakat).

Naming:
• Named Idghaam Bighunnah because the combination of Nun

with those letters which is accompanied by hum.

Additional Notes:
• The law of Idghaam is only found in two words.
• There is no Sukun sign on the Nun Sakinah and the Tanween

sign which is not parallel.

‫‪Example:‬‬

‫‪• Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 100 :‬‬
‫أَ َو ُكلَّ َما َٰ َع َه ُدواْ ع ُِّۡ ٗدا َِنَّّبذهۥ فَ ُِي ‪ٞ‬ق ِم ۡن ُهم َب ۡل أَ ۡكثَ ُُ ُه ۡم ََّل يُ ۡؤ ِمنُو ََ‬

‫‪• Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 107 :‬‬
‫أَلَ ۡم تَ ۡعلَ ۡم أَ ََّ ٱََّّللَ لَهُۥ ُمۡل ُك ٱل َّس َٰ َم َٰ َو ِت َوٱ ۡۡلَ ُۡ ِض َو َما لَ ُكم ِمَ ُدو َِ ٱََّّللِ ِّمن ِوّل ِّي َوََّل َن ِصيُ‬

‫‪• Surah Al-Ghashiyah Verse 3 :‬‬

‫عامِلّ ِّة َِنَّّاصب ِّة‬

IDGHAAM BILAGHUNNAH

Definition:
• Enter or merge the letter of Nun Sakinah or Tanween into

the next letter without ghunnah. It is met with two letters
which is ‫ ل‬and ُ

Idgham Means:
• To mix or to put one thing into another. It is the mixing or

entering of a Sakinah letter into a Mutaharrik letter
following it, so that they became a single Mushaddad
letter.

The Way Of Pronunciation:
• Skip the Nun or Tanween and pronounce ‫ ل‬or ُ without

ghunnah.

Idghaam Bilaghunnah Letters: ‫ ل‬and ‫ر‬

Naming :
• Named Idghaam Bilaghunnah because the combination of

Nun with these letters is without humming.

Additional Notes
• Idghaam only applies between two words and not the middle of

a word.
• With the two letters, ‫ ل‬and ُ, their Idghaam is called Idghaam

Bilaghunnah kaamel or in English, merging without ghunnah
fully. Here the “nn” sound from the Tanween or Nun Sakinah is
completely eliminated and the ‫ ل‬and ُ are said straight away
without any emphasis on their sounds. Hence, why the “fully” is
added onto the end.

Example:

Surah Al-Mulk Verse 20 :
ُ‫أَ َّم َۡ َٰ َه َذا ٱلَّ ِذي ُه َو جَندِِّلَّّكِّۗۡۡ يَن ُص ُُ ُكم ِمَ ُدو َِ ٱل َُّ ۡح َٰ َم َِ إِ َِ ٱۡل َٰ َك ِف ُُو ََ إََِّل ِفغ ُر ُُو‬

Surah Al-Ikhlas Verse 4 : ‫َو َل ۡم يِكّنِِّّلَّهۥ ُكفُ ًوا أَ َح ُۢ ُد‬

Surah Al-Humazah Verse 1 : ‫وِۡيّلِِّّلك ِلّ ُه َم َز ٖة لُّ َم َزة‬

THE RULES OF
MEEM SAKINAH

 IKHFAA’ SHAFAWI
 IDGHAM SHAFAWI

 IZHAR SHAFAWI

IKHFAA’ SHAFAWI

Ikhfaa’ Means:
• “Hide”, so it is the hiding of the origination of Meem by not

letting the two lips come in complete sentence.
Letters Of Ikhfaa’ Shafawi: “‫”ب‬

The Way Of Pronounciation:
• If the Meem Sakinah is followed by a ‫ب‬, the Meem is

pronounced in a way that the two lips do not come in complete
contact. A ghunnah with 2 beats (Harakat) is also done in this
case.

Example:

• Surah Ali-Imran Verse 101 :
‫َو َمَ ي ۡعت ِصّۗۡ ِّبٱّ َّلِلّ فَوَقَ ۡد ُه ِد َي إِلَ َٰى ِص َٰ َُ ٖط ُّم ۡستَوَِقيٖم‬

• Surah Al-Maidah Verse 88 :
ََ ‫َو ُكلُواْ ِم َّما َُ َزقَ ُك ُم ٱََّّللُ َحَٰ َل ٗل َطيِ ٗبا َوٱتَّوَقُواْ ٱََّّللَ ٱلَّ ِذ ٓي أَنِتّۗۡ ِبّهۦ ُم ۡؤ ِمنُو‬

• Surah An-Nisaa Verse 56:
‫ُكلَّ َما نَ ِض َج ۡت جلود ِّهۗۡ ِّب َّد ۡلََٰنُِّۗۡۡ ُجلُو ًدا َر ۡي َُ َها ِل َيذُوقُواْ ٱۡلعَ َذا َب إِ ََّ ٱََّّل َل َكا ََ َع ِزي ًزا َح ِكي ٗما‬

IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

Idghaam Means:
• “To mix” or to put on thing into another. It is the mixing or

entering of a Sakinah letter ۡۗ into a Mutaharrik letter ۡۗ
following it.

Letters Of Idghaam Shafawi: ۡۗ

The Way Of Pronounciation:
• If the Meem Sakinah is followed by a ۡۗ, the second Meem is

pronounced with Ghunnah with 2 beats (Harakat).

Example:

• Surah Al-An’am Verse 9 :
ََ ‫َو َل ۡو َج َعۡل َٰنَهُ َم َل ٗكا لَّ َج َعۡل َٰنَهُ َُ ُج ٗل َو َللَبَ ۡسنَا عل ۡي ُِّۗۡ َِمّا يَۡل ِب ُسو‬

• Surah Al-Kahfi Verse 45 :
….. ‫َوٱ ۡض ُِ ۡب ل ُِّۗۡ َِمّث ِلّ ٱۡل َحيَ َٰو ِة ٱل ُّد ۡن َيا َك َمآء أَن َزۡل َٰ َنهُ ِم ََ ٱل َّس َمآ ِء‬

• Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 46 :
ََ ‫ٱلَّ ِذي ََ َي ُظنُّو ََ أَنَّ ُِّۗۡ ِّم َٰلُوِّا َُبِ ِه ۡم َوأَنَّ ُه ۡم ِإلَ ۡي ِه َٰ َُ ِجعُو‬

IZHAAR SHAFAWI

Izhaar Shafawi Means:
• “clear” or clear Meem

Letters Of Izhaar Shafawi:
• All the letters other than ‫ب‬, ۡۗ

The Way Of Pronounciation:
• If the Meem Sakinah is followed by any letter other than ‫ب‬, ۡۗ, it

has to be pronounced clearly by making a complete contact of the
two lips.

Example:

• Surah Yaasiin Verse 57 :

ََ ‫ة َولَ ُهم َّما يَ َّد ُعو‬ٞ ‫ل ُِِّّۗۡۡ ِّفيُا َٰ َف ِك َه‬

• Surah At-Tur Verse 32 :

ََ ‫أَ ۡم تَ ۡأ ُم ُُ ُه ۡم أَ ۡحَٰ َل ُم ُهم ِب َٰ َه َذآ أَ ۡم ِهِّّۗۡۡ ِّق ۡوِّۗۡ َطا ُرو‬

• Surah Yunus Verse 4 :

ََ َ‫َوٱلَّ ِذي ََ َكفَ ُُواْ ل ُِِّّۗۡۡ ِّشرا ِّب ِم َۡ َح ِميٖم َو َع َذاب أَ ِلي ُۢ ُم بِ َما َكانُواْ يَ ۡكفُ ُُو‬

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