Praktis Topikal A+ Sains Tg 3_Pan Asia Publications

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KANDUNGAN




NOTA RINGKAS ................................................. N1 ‒ N15 BAB 6 Elektrik dan Kemagnetan ....................49 ‒ 63
Electricity and Magnetism
BAB 1 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas 6.1 Penjanaan Tenaga Elektrik
Stimuli and Responses .................................1 ‒ 12 Generation of Electricity
1.1 Sistem Saraf Manusia 6.2 Transformer
Human Nervous System Transformer
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1.2 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam Manusia 6.3 Penghantaran dan Pengagihan Tenaga Elektrik
Stimuli and Responses in Humans Transmission and Distribution of Electricity
1.3 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam Tumbuhan 6.4 Pengiraan Kos Penggunaan Elektrik
Stimuli and Responses in Plants
1.4 Kepentingan Gerak Balas terhadap Rangsangan Calculate the Cost of Electricity Consumption
dalam Haiwan Lain BAB 7 Tenaga dan Kuasa ...................................64 ‒ 74
Importance of Responses to Stimuli in Animals Energy and Power
7.1 Kerja, Tenaga dan Kuasa
BAB 2 Respirasi ...................................................13 ‒ 23 Work, Energy and Power
Respiration 7.2 Tenaga Keupayaan dan Tenaga Kinetik
2.1 Sistem Respirasi Manusia Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Human Respiratory System 7.3 Prinsip Keabadian Tenaga
2.2 Pergerakan dan Pertukaran Gas di dalam Badan
Manusia Principle of Conservation of Energy
Movement and Exchange of Gases in the Human Body BAB 8 Keradioaktifan ........................................75 ‒ 84
2.3 Kesihatan Sistem Respirasi Manusia Radioactivity
Health of Human Respiratory Systems 8.1 Sejarah Penemuan Keradioaktifan
2.4 Adaptasi dalam Sistem Respirasi Discovery of Radioactivity
Adaptations in Respiratory Systems 8.2 Atom dan Nukleus
2.5 Pertukaran Gas dalam Tumbuhan Atom and Nucleus
Gaseous Exchange in Plants 8.3 Sinaran Mengion dan Sinaran Tidak Mengion
Ionising Radiation and Non-ionising Radiation
BAB 3 Pengangkutan..........................................24 ‒ 35 8.4 Kegunaan Sinaran Radioaktif
Transportation Uses of Radioactive Radiation
3.1 Sistem Pengangkutan dalam Organisma
Transport System in Organisms BAB 9 Cuaca Angkasa Lepas .............................85 ‒ 91
3.2 Sistem Peredaran Darah Space Weather
Blood Circulatory System 9.1 Aktiviti Matahari yang Memberi Kesan kepada Bumi
3.3 Darah Manusia Activities of the Sun that Affect Earth
Human Blood 9.2 Cuaca Angkasa
3.4 Pengangkutan dalam Tumbuhan Space Weather
Transport System in Organisms
3.5 Sistem Peredaran Darah dalam Haiwan dan Sistem BAB 10 Penerokaan Angkasa Lepas ..................92 ‒ 97
Pengangkutan dalam Tumbuhan Space Exploration
Blood Circulatory System in Animals and Transport System 10.1 Perkembangan dalam Astronomi
in Plants Development in Astronomy
10.2 Perkembangan dan Teknologi dalam Penerokaan
BAB 4 Kereaktifan Logam .................................36 ‒ 42 Angkasa Lepas
Reactivity of Metals Development of Technology and Its Application in Space
4.1 Kepelbagaian Mineral Exploration
Variety of Minerals
4.2 Siri Kereaktifan Logam Ujian Sumatif ................................................................98 ‒ 111
Reactivity Series of Metals
4.3 Pengekstrakan Logam daripada Bijihnya Jawapan ................................................................112 ‒ 135
Extraction of Metals from their Ores
BAB 5 Termokimia .............................................43 ‒ 48
Thermochemistry
5.1 Tindak Balas Endotermik dan Eksotermik
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions



ii

NOTA RINGKAS







BAB 1 RANGSANGAN DAN GERAK Involuntary actions are actions that are conducted
BALAS unconsciously. It can be divided into two; involving
STIMULI AND RESPONSES medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
5. Sistem saraf manusia terdiri daripada:
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1.1 Sistem Saraf Manusia Examples of involuntary actions:
Human Nervous System
1. Sistem saraf manusia terdiri daripada: Tindakan Tidak Terkawal
Human nervous system is comprised of: Involuntary Actions

Sistem Saraf Manusia
Human Nervous System
Melibatkan Melibatkan
medula oblongata saraf tunjang
Sistem saraf Sistem saraf Involving medulla Involving spinal
pusat periferi oblongata cord
Central nervous Peripheral • Bernafas • Bersin
system nervous system Breathing Sneezing
• Denyutan • Menarik kaki apabila
jantung terpijak paku
Otak Saraf Saraf Saraf Heartbeat Withdrawing foot when
Brain tunjang kranium spina accidentally stepping on
Spinal Cranial Spinal a nail
cord nerves nerves
2. Fungsi sistem saraf manusia ialah untuk 1.2 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam
mengawal dan mengkoordinasi aktiviti Manusia
organ dan bahagian badan dengan mengesan Stimuli and Responses in Humans
rangsangan, menghantar dan mentafsir
impuls serta menghasilkan gerak balas yang 1. Lima organ deria:
Five sensory organs:

bersesuaian.
The functions of human nervous system are (a) Mata/ Eyes
to control and coordinate the activities of the (b) Telinga/ Ears
organs and parts of the body by detecting stimuli, (c) Hidung/ Nose
sending and interpreting impulses, and generating (d) Kulit/ Skin
appropriate responses. (e) Lidah/ Tongue
3. Tindakan terkawal ialah tindakan yang 2. Organ-organ deria ini peka terhadap
dilakukan dengan sengaja. Membaca dan rangsangan seperti cahaya, bunyi, bau,
bercakap ialah contoh tindakan terkawal. sentuhan dan rasa.
Voluntary actions are actions that are conducted These sensory organs are sensitive towards stimuli
consciously and under one’s will. Reading and such as light, sound, smell, touch and taste.
talking are the examples of voluntary actions. 3. Kepekaan terhadap rangsangan ditentukan
4. Tindakan tidak terkawal ialah tindakan oleh bilangan reseptor dan kombinasi organ
yang berlaku tanpa disedari. Tindakan ini deria.
terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu melibatkan The sensitivity towards stimuli is determined by
medula oblongata dan saraf tunjang. the number of receptors and the combination of
sensory organs.


N1

1.3 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam 2. Mekanisme pernafasan:
Tumbuhan Breathing mechanism:
Stimuli and Responses in Plants
Lubang Rongga Farinks
Gerak Balas Tumbuhan hidung hidung Pharynx
Responses in Plants Nostrils Nasal cavity


Tropisme Gerak balas nastik Bronkus Trakea Larinks
Tropism Nastic movement Bronchus Trachea Larynx
Larynx ©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS


Fototropisme Geotropisme Bronkiol Alveolus
Phototropism Geotropism Bronchiole Alveolus

Hidrotropisme Tigmotropisme 3. Semasa menarik nafas:
Hydrotropism Thigmotropism During inhalation:

1.4 Kepentingan Gerak Balas terhadap
Rangsangan dalam Haiwan Lain
Importance of Responses to Stimuli in a
Animals b

1. Penglihatan stereoskopik: Kedua-dua mata
terletak di hadapan kepala.
Stereoscopic vision: Both eyes located in front of C
the head. (a) Isi padu rongga toraks bertambah.
2. Penglihatan monokular: Kedua-dua mata
terletak di sisi kepala. The volume of thoracic cavity increases.
Monocular vision: Both eyes located at the sides of (b) Otot interkostal mengecut, sangkar
the head. rusuk bergerak ke atas dan ke luar.
Intercostal muscles contract, rib cage moves
upwards and outwards.
BAB 2 RESPIRASI
RESPIRATION (c) Otot diafragma mengecut dan meleper.
Diaphragm muscles contract and become flat.
2.1 Sistem Respirasi Manusia 4. Semasa menghembus nafas:
Human Respiratory System During exhalation:

1. Struktur respirasi manusia merangkumi:
Human respiratory system includes:

Lubang hidung
Nostrils Rongga hidung
Nasal cavity
a
Epiglotis Farinks
Epiglottis Pharynx
b
Trakea
Larinks
Trachea
Bronkus C
Otot interkostal
Bronchus
Intercostal (a) Isi padu rongga toraks berkurang.
Diafragma The volume of thoracic cavity decreases.
Diaphragm (b) Otot interkostal mengendur, sangkar
Alveolus
Bronkiol rusuk bergerak ke bawah dan ke dalam.
Bronchiole Alveolus
Intercostal muscles relax, rib cage moves
downwards and inwards.
N2

BAB Pengangkutan
3
Transportation Ringkas


Nota



Soalan Objektif
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Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Bagi setiap soalan, pilih satu
jawapan sahaja.
Each question is followed by four choices of answers, A, B, C and D. For each question, select one answer only.

B.Teks: Ms 81 – 82 Because humans have various cells, tissues
3.1 Sistem Pengangkutan dalam Organisma and organs
Transport System in Organisms D Kerana manusia memerlukan bekalan
oksigen yang mencukupi untuk
1. Antara berikut, pernyataan manakah
melakukan aktiviti harian
yang benar tentang kepentingan sistem Because humans require adequate supply of
pengangkutan dalam organisma?
Which of the following statements is true about oxygen
the importance of transport system in organisms? B.Teks: Ms 83 – 93
I Membantu dalam respirasi sel 3.2 Sistem Peredaran Darah
Helps in cell ular respiration Blood Circulatory System
II Mengangkut oksigen dan karbon
dioksida 3. Maklumat berikut merujuk kepada ciri-ciri
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide sistem peredaran darah haiwan X.
III Mengekalkan bentuk sel dalam The following information refers to the
organisma ringkas characteristics of blood circulatory system of
Maintains cells shape in simple organisms animal X.
IV Mengangkut hormon ke bahagian- • Jantung terdiri daripada dua atrium
bahagian badan dan satu ventrikel.
Transports hormones to the body parts Heart consists of two atria and one
A I dan II C II dan III ventricle.
I and II II and III • Sistem peredaran darah tertutup dan
B I dan III D II dan IV ganda dua.
I and III II and IV Closed and double circulatory system
• Darah beroksigen dan terdeoksigen
2. Mengapakah manusia memerlukan sistem sedikit bercampur di dalam ventrikel.
pengangkutan khusus? Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are
Why do humans need a specialised transport slightly mixed in the ventricle.
system?
A Kerana manusia mempunyai struktur Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan
badan yang besar haiwan X?
Because humans have big body structure Which of the following is the animal x?
B Kerana manusia mempunyai kulit yang I Burung/ Bird
tebal II Ular/ Snake
Because humans have thick skin III Cicak/ Lizard
C Kerana manusia mempunyai pelbagai IV Monyet/ Monkey
sel, tisu dan organ



24

A I dan II C II dan III (<1%); red blood cells (45%)
I and II II and III C Plasma (45%); sel darah putih dan
B I dan III D II dan IV platelet (<11%); sel darah merah (45%)
I and III II and IV Plasma (45%); white blood cells and platelet
(<11%); red blood cells (45%)
4. Apakah yang berlaku semasa diastol? D Plasma (45%); sel darah putih dan
What happens during the diastole? platelet (<11%); sel darah merah (50%)
A Otot jantung mengendur dan darah Plasma (45%); white blood cells and platelet
masuk ke dalam jantung. (<1%); red blood cells (50%)
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Heart muscle relaxes and blood enters the
heart. B.Teks: Ms 109
B Otot jantung mengecut dan darah 3.4 Pengangkutan dalam Tumbuhan
keluar dari jantung. Transportation in Plants
Heart muscle contracts and blood flows out 7. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan
of the heart. rentas akar tumbuhan. Apakah X?
C Atrium mengecut dan darah ditolak ke The diagram below shows a cross-section of root
dalam ventrikel. in a plant. What is X?
Atrium contracts and blood is pushed into
the ventricles.
D Ventrikel mengecut dan darah ditolak X
keluar dari jantung.
Ventricles contract and blood is pushed out
of the heart.

5. Antara berikut, yang manakah bukan A Xilem
faktor yang mempengaruhi denyutan nadi? Xylem
Which of the following is not a factor that B Floem
influences pulse rate? Phloem
A Jantina C Stoma
Gender Stoma
B Umur D Berkas vaskular
Age Vascular bundle
C Berat badan
Weight 8. Antara berikut, pernyataan manakah yang
D Aktiviti fizikal salah tentang kepentingan transpirasi
Physical activity terhadap tumbuhan?
Which of the following is not true about the
B.Teks: Ms 97 importance of transpiration to the plants?
3.3 Darah Manusia A Menyejukkan tumbuhan ketika cuaca
Human Blood panas
6. Antara berikut, yang manakah komposisi Cool the plants during hot weather
darah manusia yang betul? B Membantu mengangkut air untuk
Which of the following is correct about the fotosintesis
composition of human blood? Help transporting water for photosynthesis
A Plasma (50%); sel darah putih dan C Membantu mengangkut mineral dari
platelet (<6%); sel darah merah (45%) tanah ke bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan
Plasma (50%); white blood cells and platelet Help transporting minerals from the soil to
(<6%); red blood cells (45%) the parts of the plants
B Plasma (55%); sel darah putih dan D Membantu menyingkirkan mineral
platelet (<1%); sel darah merah (45%) berlebihan
Plasma (55%); white blood cells and platelet Helps excreting excess minerals


25

B.Teks: Ms 113 Which of the following is the transportation
3.5 Sistem Peredaran Darah dalam Haiwan medium for substances in plants and animals.
dan Sistem Pengangkutan dalam A Darah
Tumbuhan Blood
Blood Circulatory System in Animals and B Air
Transport System in Plants Water
Saluran berbentuk tiub
9. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan C Tube shaped vessels
medium pengangkutan bahan-bahan D Garam mineral
dalam tumbuhan dan haiwan. TP1 Mineral salt



Soalan Subjektif

B.Teks: Ms 81 – 82
3.1 Sistem Pengangkutan dalam Organisma
Transport System in Organisms
1. Isi tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul. TP1
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
Organisma unisel Organisma multisel Xilem Oksigen Nutrien Floem
Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms Xylem Oxygen Nutrient Phloem

Urea Sistem peredaran darah Air Karbon dioksida Resapan
Urea Blood circulatory system Water Carbon dioxide Diffusion

Organisma unisel
ialah organisma ringkas yang terdiri daripada satu sel sahaja.
(a) ©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS
Organisma unisel bergantung pada resapan untuk mengangkut bahan-bahan

keperluan seperti oksigen , nutrien dan air ke dalam
sel serta membawa keluar bahan kumuh seperti karbon dioksida dan urea .
Unicellular organisms are simple organisms that consists of only one cell. Unicellular organisms

rely on diffusion to transport required substances like oxygen ,
nutrient and water into the cells and expel the waste product like

carbon dioxide and urea .

(b) Organisma multisel ialah organisma kompleks yang mempunyai lebih daripada satu
sel. Organisma multisel mempunyai sistem pengangkutan khusus untuk mengangkut

bahan-bahan masuk dan keluar dari sel. Sebagai contoh, manusia mempunyai
sistem peredaran darah manakala tumbuh-tumbuhan pula mempunyai sistem pengangkutan

melalui xilem dan floem .
Multicellular organisms are complex organisms that have more than one cell. Multicellular organisms

have a specialised transport system to transport substances in and out of its cells. For example, humans
have blood circulatory system whereas plants have a transport system through xylem

and phloem .
26

2. Berikan tiga kepentingan tentang fungsi sistem pengangkutan dalam organisma. TP2
Give three importance of the functions of the transport system in the organisms.
Kepentingan fungsi sistem pengangkutan dalam organisma
Importance of the functions of the transport system in the organisms



(a) Untuk mengangkut (b) Untuk menyingkirkan (c) Untuk mengangkut
bahan keperluan bahan kumuh yang bahan keperluan sel
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sel seperti oksigen bertoksik yang boleh tumbuhan seperti
dan nutrien bagi meracuni badan. garam mineral dan air
membolehkan sel To eliminate toxic waste supaya tumbuhan dapat
menjalankan respirasi product that can poison the menjalankan semua
sel dan menghasilkan body proses hidup.
tenaga. To transport substances
To transport substances required by the plant cells
required by the cells such like mineral salts and water
as oxygen and nutrient to so that plants can carry out
enable the cells carrying all the living processes.
out cellular respiration and
generate energy.


B.Teks: Ms 83 – 91
3.2 Sistem Peredaran Darah
Blood Circulatory System
1. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah dengan perbezaan antara sistem peredaran darah bagi haiwan
vertebrata. KBAT Mengaplikasi
Complete the table below with the differences between the blood circulatory systems of vertebrates.

Mamalia dan
Pernyataan burung Reptilia Amfibia Ikan
Statement Mammals and Reptiles Amphibians Fish
birds
Jenis sistem (a) Tertutup, (d) Tertutup, (g) Tertutup, (j) Tertutup dan
peredaran ganda dua ganda dua ganda dua tunggal
Type of circulatory dan lengkap dan tidak dan tidak Closed and
system Closed, double lengkap lengkap single
and complete Closed, double Closed, double
and incomplete and incomplete
Struktur jantung (b) 2 atrium, 2 (e) 2 atrium, 1 (h) 2 atrium, 1 (k) 1 atrium, 1
Heart structure ventrikel ventrikel ventrikel ventrikel
2 atria, 2 2 atria, 1 2 atria, 1 1 atrium, 1
ventricles ventricle ventricle ventricle
Aliran darah (c) Kedua- (f) Sedikit (i) Bercampur (l) Mengalir
beroksigen dan duanya tidak bercampur dalam dalam satu
terdeoksigen bercampur dalam ventrikel hala
Flow of oxygenated Both do not ventrikel Mixed in the Flow in one
and deoxygenated mix Slightly mixed ventricle direction
blood in the ventricle


27

BAB Termokimia
5
Thermochemistry

Ringkas
Nota



Soalan Objektif
©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS
Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Bagi setiap soalan, pilih satu
jawapan sahaja.
Each question is followed by four choices of answers, A, B, C and D. For each question, select one answer only.

B.Teks: Ms 148 – 152 IV Suhu persekitaran menurun.
5.1 Tindak Balas Endotermik dan The surrounding temperature decreases.
Eksotermik A I dan II
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions I and II
I dan III
1. Antara berikut, tindak balas manakah yang B I and III
membebaskan haba? C II dan III
Which of the following reactions release heat? II and III
I Pembakaran lilin D II dan IV
Burning of candle II and IV
II Menggoreng telur
Frying egg
III Peneutralan menggunakan serbuk 3. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan
penaik dan cuka proses eksotermik?
Neutralisation using baking powder and Which of the following is an exothermic process?
vinegar I Mencampurkan air dengan asid kuat
IV Pemanasan batu kapur Mixing water with strong acid
Heating of limestones II Mencampurkan air dengan garam
A I dan II kontang
I and II Mixing water with anhydrous salt
B I dan III III Mencampurkan air dengan ammonium
I and III nitrat
C II dan III Mixing water with ammonium nitrate
II and III IV Membuat garam kontang dari hidrat
D II dan IV Making an anhydrous salt from a hydrate
II and IV A I dan II
I and II
2. Antara berikut, pernyataan manakah yang B I dan III
benar tentang perubahan tenaga semasa I and III
hujan? C II dan III
Which of the following statement is true about II and III
the changes in energy when raining? D II dan IV
I Haba dibebaskan. II and IV
Heat is released.
II Haba diserap.
Heat is absorbed.
III Suhu persekitaran meningkat.
The surrounding temperature increases.


43

4. Apakah jenis tindak balas dalam persamaan 7. Antara berikut, yang manakah benar
di bawah? apabila serbuk natrium hidrogen karbonat
What is the type of reaction in the equation dicampurkan kepada asid etanoik seperti
below? dalam rajah di bawah?
Which of the followings are correct when sodium
CH + 2O → CO + 2H O + haba hydrogen carbonate powder is mixed into
4
2
2
2
CH + 2O → CO + 2H O + heat ethanoic acid as in the diagram below?
2
2
2
4
A Endotermik C Pemeluwapan Spatula
Spatula
Endothermic Condensation Serbuk natrium hidrogen
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karbonat/ Sodium
B Eksotermik D Penyejatan Rod kaca hydrogen carbonate powder
Exothermic Evaporation Glass rod Bikar/ Beaker
Termometer
Thermometer
5. Proses-proses berikut merupakan proses Asid etanoik
endotermik kecuali Ethanoic acid
The followings processes are endothermic process I Permukaan bikar menjadi sejuk.
except The surface of the beaker becomes cold.
A Peleburan C Pemejalwapan II Bacaan termometer menaik.
Melting Sublimation The thermometer reading increases.
B Penyejatan D Pemeluwapan III Bacaan termometer menurun.
Evaporation Condensation The thermometer reading decreases.
IV Permukaan bikar menjadi panas.
6. Rajah di bawah yang menunjukkan The surface of the beaker becomes warm.
perubahan keadaan jirim bagi bahan X. A I dan II C II dan III
Diagram below shows the changes in the state of I and II II and III
matter of substance X. B I dan III D II dan IV
Cecair I and III II and IV
II Liquid
8. Apakah yang akan berlaku apabila asid
Pepejal hidroklorik dicampurkan kepada larutan
Solid III
natrium hidroksida seperti dalam rajah di
bawah?
I Gas
Gas What will happen when hydrochloric acid is
Proses yang manakah menghasilkan mixed into sodium hydroxide solution as in the
diagram below?
tindak balas endotermik dan tindak balas
eksotermik? Bikar/ Beaker
Which of the processes produce endothermic and Rod kaca Asid hidroklorik
Hydrochloric acid
exothermic reactions? Glass tod Bikar/ Beaker
Termometer/ Thermometer
Tindak balas Tindak balas Larutan natrium
endotermik eksotermik hidroksida/
Sodium hydioxide
Endothermic Exothermic solution
reaction reactions I Permukaan bikar menjadi sejuk.
A I dan II III sahaja The surface of the beaker becomes cold.
I and II III only II Bacaan termometer menaik.
B I dan III II sahaja The thermometer reading increases.
I and III II only III Bacaan termometer menurun.
The thermometer reading decreases.
C II dan III I sahaja IV Permukaan bikar menjadi panas.
II and III I only The surface of the beaker becomes warm.
D III sahaja I dan II A I dan II C II dan III
III only I and II I and II II and III
B I dan III D II dan IV
44 I and III II and IV

Soalan Subjektif
B.Teks: Ms 148 – 152
5.1 Tindak Balas Endotermik dan Eksotermik
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

1. Padankan tindak balas berikut dengan jawapan yang betul. TP1
Match the following reactions with the correct answers.

(a) Letupan bom
Bomb explosion
(b) Respirasi (i) Tindak balas endotermik
Respiration Endothermic reactions
(c) Pengaratan besi
Rusting of iron
(d) Peneutralan larutan berasid oleh alkali
Neutralisation of acidic solution by alkaline (ii) Tindak balas eksotermik
(e) Membakar kek Exothermic reactions
Baking a cake


2. Isi tempat kosong dengan perkataan yang betul. TP2
Fill in the blanks with the correct words.


Termokimia Endotermik Eksotermik Dibebaskan Diserap
Thermochemistry Endothermic Exothermic Released Absorbed

Termokimia
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ialah kajian tentang perubahan yang berlaku semasa tindak balas kimia dan
(a)
terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu tindak balas endotermik dan tindak balas eksotermik .
Thermochemistry is a study about changes in heat during a chemical reaction and can be classified into
two, which is endothermic reaction and exothermic reaction.


(b) Dalam tindak balas endotermik , haba diserap daripada persekitaran manakala dalam

tindak balas eksotermik , haba dibebaskan ke persekitaran.

In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed from the surrounding whereas in the exothermic
reaction, heat is released to the surrounding.


(c) Perubahan tenaga berlaku semasa proses peleburan dan pembekuan. Semasa peleburan,
tenaga haba diserap manakala semasa pembekuan, tenaga haba dibebaskan .

Changes in energy happen during melting and freezing. During melting, heat energy is absorbed

whereas during freezing, heat energy is released .








45

3. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tumbuhan membuat makanan sendiri melalui fotosintesis pada
waktu siang. Perubahan tenaga berlaku semasa proses ini.
The diagram below shows that the plant makes its own food through photosynthesis during the day. Changes in
energy happen during this process.


Cahaya matahari
Sunlight

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Oksigen
Oxygen
Karbon dioksida
Carbon dioxide




(a) Apakah jenis tindak balas yang berlaku semasa proses tersebut? TP2
What type of reaction takes place during the process?
Endotermik/ Endothermic

(b) Jelaskan jawapan anda di 3(a). KBAT Mengaplikasi
Explain your answer in 3(a).
Tumbuhan menyerap tenaga cahaya dari Matahari untuk menjalankan fotosintesis.
Plants absorb light energy from the Sun to carry out photosynthesis.


(c) Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi tindak balas tersebut. TP2
Write a word equation for the reaction.
Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga cahaya → glukosa + oksigen
Carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen


(d) Apakah perbezaan antara tindak balas endotermik dengan eksotermik? KBAT Mengaplikasi
What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Tindak balas endotermik menyerap tenaga daripada persekitaran manakala tindak balas
eksotermik membebaskan tenaga ke persekitaran.
Endothermic reaction absorbs energy from the surrounding, while exothermic reaction releases energy to
the surrounding.


(e) Apakah contoh tindak balas eksotermik dalam tumbuhan? TP2
What is an example of exothermic reaction in plants?
Respirasi sel
Cell respiration












46

UJIAN SUMATIF







Bahagian A/ Section A
[20 markah/ marks]
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bahagian- A I dan II C II dan III
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bahagian telinga manusia. Apakah yang I and II II and III
akan berlaku jika bahagian X mengalami B III dan IV D I dan IV
kerosakan? III and IV I and IV
Diagram below shows parts of the human
ear. What will happen if the part labelled X is 3. Apakah yang akan berlaku apabila kita
damaged? menarik nafas?
What will happen when we inhale?
A Otot interkostal mengendur.
Intercostal muscle relaxes.
X B Sangkar rusuk bergerak ke bawah dan
ke dalam.
Rib cage moves down and inside.
C Isi padu rongga toraks bertambah.
Volume of thoracic cavity increases.
A Telinga tidak dapat menukarkan D Otot diafragma mengendur.
getaran bunyi kepada impuls. Diaphragm muscles relaxes.
The ear cannot convert sound vibrations into
impulses. 4. Apakah sel yang paling utama dalam
B Telinga tidak dapat menerima pengangkutan oksigen dalam darah?
gelombang bunyi. What is the main cell in the transportation of
The ear cannot receive sound waves. oxygen in the blood?
C Impuls tidak dapat dihantar ke otak. A Sel darah merah
Impulses cannot be sent to the brain. Red blood cells
D Individu mungkin akan pekak. B Sel darah putih
The individual may be deaf. White blood cells
C Monosit
2. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan Monocytes
penyebab seseorang itu mengalami rabun D Limfosit
jauh? Lymphocytes
Which of the following are the causes of someone
experiencing short-sightedness? 5. Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah
I Kanta mata terlalu tebal benar tentang arteri?
Eye lens too thick Which of the following is correct about an artery?
II Bola mata terlalu panjang A Mempunyai injap
Eyeball too long Has valves
III Kanta mata terlalu nipis B Membawa darah beroksigen dari
Eye lens too thin jantung
IV Bola mata terlalu pendek Carry oxygenated blood from the hear
Eyeball too short C Mempunyai lumen yang kecil
Has small lumen
D Mempunyai dinding setebal satu sel
Has a one cell thick wall

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6. Apakah kandungan bahan terlarut dalam Jamilah can donate her blood to Suria and
plasma darah? Mei Lin.
What are the contents of dissolved substances in B Mei Lin tidak boleh menderma darah
the blood plasma? kepada Jamilah.
I Bahan kumuh Mei Lin cannot donate her blood to Jamilah.
Waste product C Prakash boleh menderma darah kepada
II Karbon dioksida semua pelajar lain.
Carbon dioxide Prakash can donate his blood to all the
III Air students.
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Water D Suria boleh menerima darah daripada
IV Platlet Jamilah.
Platelet Suria can receive blood from Jamilah.
A I dan II C II dan III
I and II II and III 9. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan
B III dan IV D I dan IV rentas batang. Apakah fungsi struktur Y?
III and IV I and IV Diagram below shows a cross section of stem.
What is the function of structure Y?
7. Helmi tidak boleh menerima darah
daripada penderma berdarah jenis B.
Apakah jenis darah yang dimiliki oleh
Helmi?
Helmi cannot receive blood from a donor that has Y
a type B blood. What is Helmi’s blood type?
I AB
II A A Membenarkan wap air terbebas
III O daripada tumbuhan semasa proses
IV B fotosintesis
A I dan II C II dan III Allow water vapour to escape from plants
I and II II and III during photosynthesis
B III dan IV D I dan IV B Mengangkut air daripada akar ke
III and IV I and IV bahagian tumbuhan yang lain
Transport water from the root to other parts
8. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kumpulan of the plants
darah bagi beberapa pelajar. Pernyataan C Mengangkut sukrosa daripada daun ke
manakah yang benar tentang jadual di bahagian tumbuhan yang lain
bawah? Transport sucrose from the leaves to other
The following table shows the blood groups of a part of the plants
few students. Which of the following statement is D Membolehkan oksigen diserap oleh
true about the table below? tumbuhan semasa proses respirasi

Nama pelajar Jenis darah Allow oxygen to be absorbed by the plants
Name of students Blood type during respiration

Jamilah AB 10. Apakah faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi
Suria A kadar transpirasi?
What are the factors that affecting the rate of
Mei Lin B transpiration?
I Bilangan xilem
Prakash O Number of xylems
II Bilangan floem
A Jamilah boleh menderma darah kepada Number of phloem
Suria dan Mei Lin.


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Bahagian B/ Section B
[20 markah/ marks]
1. Padankan bahagian-bahagian mata berikut dengan fungsinya yang betul.
Match the following parts of the eye with their correct functions.
Bahagian mata Fungsi
Parts of the eye Functions
(i) Mengawal kuantiti cahaya yang masuk ke
(a) Kornea dalam mata
Cornea
Control the amount of light that enters the eyes
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(b) Retina (ii) Memegang kanta mata pada kedudukannya
Retina Hold the eye lens at its positions
(iii) Membiaskan dan memfokuskan cahaya ke
(c) Pupil
Pupil atas retina
Refract and focus the light onto the retina
(d) Ligamen (iv) Mengesan cahaya dan menghasilkan impuls
penggantung saraf
Suspensory Detect the light and produce nerve impulses
ligament
[4 markah / 4 marks]
2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan jenis-jenis sumber tenaga.
Diagrams below show types of energy sources.











Tenaga angin Tenaga hidro
Wind energy Hydro energy












Tenaga nuklear Tenaga solar
Nuclear energy Solar energy

Berdasarkan rajah di atas, kelaskan sumber tenaga kepada sumber tenaga boleh baharu dan
sumber tenaga tidak boleh baharu.
Based on the diagrams above. classify the energy sources according to the renewable and non-renewable energy
sources.








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Sumber tenaga boleh baharu Sumber tenaga tidak boleh baharu
Renewable energy sources Non-renewable energy sources
Tenaga angin Tenaga nuklear
Wind energy Nuclear energy
Tenaga solar
Solar energy

Tenaga hidro
Hydro energy

[4 markah / 4 marks]

3. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur Matahari.
Diagram below shows the structure of the Sun.




P
Q
R

S





Namakan ketiga-tiga sinaran tersebut.
Name the three radiations.
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P: Zon perolakan/ Convection zone
Q: Zon radiasi/ Radiation zone
R: Teras/ Core

S: Fotosfera/ Photosphere
[4 markah / 4 marks]

4. Tandakan (✓) pada aktiviti yang menunjukkan kerja dilakukan dan (7) pada aktiviti yang
menunjukkan kerja tidak dilakukan.
Tick (✓) on the activities where work is carried out and (x) on the activities where work is not carried out.
(a) Memanjat bukit
Climbing a hill ✓
(b) Duduk di atas kerusi
Sitting on a chair 7
(c) Menarik bagasi
Pulling a luggage ✓
(d) Memegang buku
Holding a book 7

[4 markah / 4 marks]






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5. Nyatakan nilai fius yang sesuai bagi peralatan elektrik yang berikut.
State the suitable value of a fuse for the following electrical appliances.
Peralatan elektrik Arus (A) Nilai fius (A)
Electrical appliances Current (A) Value of a fuse (A)
(a) Mesin basuh 3.05 5
Washing machine
(b) Komputer riba 0.35 1
Laptop
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(c) Periuk nasi elektrik
Rice cooker 10.5 13
(d) Radio
Radio 1.22 2
[4 markah / 4 marks]


Bahagian C/ Section C
[60 markah/ marks]

6. Sistem peredaran darah ‘ganda dua’ terdiri daripada sistem peredaran pulmonari dan sistem
peredaran sistemik.
‘Double’ blood circulatory system is made up of the pulmonary circulatory system and systemic circulatory
system.

Sistem peredaran pulmonari
Pulmonary circulation system


Peparu/ Lungs

P Q


Jantung/ Heart




Sistem peredaran sistemik
Systemic circulation system

Seluruh badan kecuali peparu
All parts of the body except lungs

R S

Jantung/ Heart











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(a) Namakan P, Q, R dan S.
Name P, Q, R and S.
P : Arteri pulmonari/ Pulmonary artery
Q : Vena pulmonari/ Pulmonary vein

R : Arteri/ Artery
S : Vena/ Vein
[4 markah / 4 marks]
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(b) Berikan dua persamaan dan dua perbezaan antara sistem peredaran darah dalam haiwan
dengan sistem pengangkutan dalam tumbuhan.
Give two similarities and two differences between the blood circulatory system in animals and transport
system in plants.
– Wujud dalam organisma kompleks
Exist in complex organisms
– Mengangkut air, nutrien dan bahan terlarut

Transport water, nutrients and dissolved substances
T


Perbezaan/ Differences:
– Dalam haiwan - sistem bertiub, dengan jantung dan injap

In animal - tubular system with heart and valves
Dalam tumbuhan - sistem bersalur tanpa pam atau injap
In plants – system of vessels without pump or valve
– Dalam haiwan - tiga jenis salur iaitu, arteri, kapilari dan vena
In animal - three types of vessels which are artery, capillaries and veins
Dalam tumbuhan - dua jenis salur iaitu, floem dan xilem
In plants - two vessels which are phloem and xylem
T
[4 markah / 4 marks]

7. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertukaran gas di dalam alveolus.
Diagram below shows a gas exchange in the alveolus.





Y
X












105

JAWAPAN






BAB 1 (d) Pupil
Pupil
Soalan Objektif (e) Kornea
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A Cornea
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11. B 7. B 8. B 9. C (f) Gelemair
Aqueous humour
Soalan Subjektif (g) Kanta mata
1.1 Eye lens
(h) Otot silia
1. (a) Benar/ True Ciliary muscle
(b) Benar/ True (i) Gelemaca
(c) Palsu/ False Vitreous humour
(d) Benar/ True (j) Bintik buta
(e) Benar/ True Blind spot
(f) Benar/ True (k) Saraf optik
(g) Palsu/ False
Optic nerves
(l) Bintik kuning
2. (a) Sistem saraf pusat Yellow spot
Central nervous system (m) Retina
(b) Saraf tunjang
Retina
Spinal cord (n) Koroid
(c) Saraf spina
Choroid
Spinal nerve (o) Sklera
(d) Sistem saraf periferi
Peripheral nervous system Sclera
2. (a) (i) Sel kon/ Cone cells
3. (a) Afektor dalam telinga mengesan bunyi (ii) Sel rod/ Rod cells
Affector in the ear detecting the sound (b) Sel rod/ Rod cells;
(b) Otak Sel kon/ Cone cells
Brain
(c) Efektor (otot) 3. (a) Cuping telinga: Menerima gelombang
Effector (muscle)
bunyi.

1.2 Earlobe: Receives the sound waves.
(b) Salur telinga: Menghantar gelombang
1. (a) Ligamen penggantung bunyi ke gegendang telinga.
Suspensory ligaments Ear canal: Sends the sound waves to the
(b) Konjunktiva eardrum.
Conjunctiva (c) Gegendang telinga: Bergetar apabila
(c) Iris gelombang bunyi terkena padanya dan
Iris memindahkan getaran kepada osikel.



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Ear drum: Vibrates when hits by the wave (iii) Bahan-bahan kimia yang dihidu
and transfers it to the ossicles. akan melarut dalam lapisan
(d) Osikel: Menguatkan getaran bunyi dan mukus.
menghantarnya ke jendela bujur. Chemical substances that are smelled
Ossicles: Amplify the sound vibrations and will dissolve in the layer of mucus.
transfer it to the oval window.
(e) Tiub Eustachio: Mengimbangkan 5. (a) P: Papila
tekanan udara pada kedua-dua Papillae
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gegendang telinga. Q: Tunas rasa
Eustachian tube: Balances the air pressure Taste bud
on both eardrums. R: Liang
(f) Jendela bujur: Mengumpul dan Pore
menghantar getaran bunyi dari osikel S: Sel penyokong
ke koklea. Supporting cell
Oval window: Collects and transfers sound T: Reseptor rasa
vibrations from the ossicles to the cochlea. Taste receptor
(g) Koklea: Mengesan dan menukarkan U: Saraf ke otak
getaran bunyi kepada impuls saraf. Nerves to the brain
Cochlea: Detects and converts the sound (b) Bahan kimia dalam makanan yang
vibrations to the nerve impulse. kita kunyah melarut dalam air liur dan
(h) Saraf auditori: Menghantar impuls masuk ke tunas rasa melalui R lalu
saraf dari koklea ke otak merangsang T untuk menghasilkan
Auditory nerve: Transfers the nerve impulses impuls saraf. Impuls ini kemudiannya
from cochlea to the brain. dihantar ke otak melalui U untuk
(i) Salur separuh bulat: Membantu ditafsirkan.
mengawal keseimbangan badan. The chemicals in the food that we chew,
Semicircular canals: Helps to balance the dissolve in saliva and enter the taste buds
body. through R. Then, they stimulate T to
produce nerve impulses which are then sent
4. (a) X: Sel deria bau to the brain through U to be interpreted.
Sensory cells for smell
Y: Saraf 6. (a) J: Reseptor sakit – mengesan
Nerve rangsangan yang menyebabkan
Z: Mukus kesakitan.
Mucus Pain receptor – detects stimuli that
(b) (i) Impuls dihantar ke otak untuk causes pain.
ditafsirkan melalui saraf. K: Reseptor sentuhan – mengesan
Impulses are sent to the brain to be rangsangan sentuhan.
interpreted through the nerves. Touch receptor – detects touch stimuli.
(ii) Sel deria bau akan mengesan bau L: Reseptor sejuk – mengesan
dan menjana impuls saraf. rangsangan sejuk.
Sensory cells for smell will detect the Cold receptor – detects cold stimuli.
smell and generate the nerve impulses. M: Reseptor haba – mengesan
rangsangan haba.



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