STATEMENTS OF
CHANGES IN EQUITY
Year ended December 31, 2018
Share Treasury Other Foreign Retained Equity Non- Total
capital shares reserves earnings controlling US$’000
currency attributable
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 translation US$’000 interests
to owners
reserve of the US$’000
US$’000 Company
US$’000
Group
At January 1, 2017 (previously reported) 68,761 (174) (2,872) (12,631) 187,035 240,119 4,724 244,843
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 1 – – – 12,631 (79,978) (67,347) – (67,347)
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 9 – – – –
At January 1, 2017 (restated) – 130 130 130
68,761 (174) (2,872) – 107,187 172,902 4,724 177,626
Total comprehensive income for the year: – –– – 10,539 10,539 (140) 10,399
Profit for the year – – 1,338 231 – 1,569 66 1,635
Other comprehensive income for the year – – 1,338 231 10,539 12,108 (74)
12,034
Total –
Transactions with owners, recognised – –– ––– 335 335
– –– ––– (232) (232)
directly in equity: – –– – (1,922) (1,922) (1,922)
Additional investment in subsidiary by NCI –– – (1,922) (1,922) – (1,819)
Dividends paid by subsidiary to NCI 103
Dividends paid (Note 34) (174) (1,534)
Total
At December 31, 2017 68,761 231 115,804 183,088 4,753 187,841
At January 1, 2018 (previously reported) 68,761 (174) (1,534) (12,400) 191,051 245,704 4,753 250,457
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 1 – – – 12,631 (75,364) (62,733) – (62,733)
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 9 – – – –
At January 1, 2018 (restated) – 117 117 117
68,761 (174) (1,534) 231 115,804 183,088 4,753 187,841
Total comprehensive income
for the year: – –– – 8,271 8,271 (530) 7,741
Profit for the year –
Other comprehensive income – – 1,125 (374) – 751 56 807
for the year – 1,125 9,022 (474) 8,548
– (374) 8,271
Total –
68,761 – – – (3,034) (3,034) – (3,034)
Transactions with owners, recognised – – – (3,034) (3,034) – (3,034)
directly in equity:
Dividends paid (Note 34) (174) (409) (143) 121,041 189,076 4,279 193,355
Total
At December 31, 2018
See accompanying notes to financial statements. 43
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL)
STATEMENTS OF
CHANGES IN EQUITY
Year ended December 31, 2018
Share Treasury Retained Total
capital shares earnings US$’000
US$’000 US$’000
US$’000
Company 68,761 (174) 157,148 225,735
– – (25,839) (25,839)
At January 1, 2017 (previously reported) – –
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 1 130 130
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 9 68,761 (174) 131,439 200,026
At January 1, 2017 (restated)
– – 11,695 11,695
Profit for the year, representing total – – 11,695 11,695
comprehensive income for the year
– – (1,922) (1,922)
Total – – (1,922) (1,922)
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity: 68,761 (174) 141,212 209,799
Dividends paid (Note 34)
68,761 (174) 164,517 233,104
Total – – (23,422) (23,422)
– –
At December 31, 2017 117 117
68,761 (174) 141,212 209,799
At January 1, 2018 (previously reported)
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 1 – – 7,343 7,343
Effect of adopting of SFRS(I) 9 – – 7,343 7,343
At January 1, 2018 (restated)
– – (3,034) (3,034)
Profit for the year, representing total – – (3,034) (3,034)
comprehensive income for the year
68,761 (174) 145,521 214,108
Total
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity:
Dividends paid (Note 34)
Total
At December 31, 2018
See accompanying notes to financial statements. SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
44
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31, 2018
Group
2018 2017
US$’000 US$’000
(Restated)
Operating activities 8,193 10,713
Profit before tax
Adjustments for: 11,372 12,943
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 37 3
25
Amortisation of intangible assets 26
Depreciation of investment properties (140) (79)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (544) (965)
Gain on disposal of assets held for sale (vessels)
Net gain on disposal of investments at fair value through (27) (32)
profit or loss – investment securities 1,809 1,677
Finance costs (701) (581)
Finance income 1,251 1,039
Allowance for impairment loss on receivables (750) (702)
Share of results of associate and joint venture
523 –
Impairment of investment in preference shares and equity (169) 999
Net foreign exchange (gain) loss 20,879 25,041
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital
(12,598) (15,282)
Trade receivables (1,057) (1,084)
Other receivables and deposits (621) (2,121)
Prepaid operating expenses (1,015) (3,013)
Due from immediate holding company (6,006) (841)
Due from related companies (33) –
(493) –
Due from joint venture 399 199
Due from non-controlling interest of subsidiary 1,791 2,875
Inventories (847) 5,959
Trade payables (80) (205)
Other payables and liabilities (56) 56
Due to related companies (63) (115)
Due to joint venture 200 11,469
Due to immediate holding company
Cash generated from operations (1,809) (1,677)
(547) (583)
Interest paid 9,209
Income tax paid (2,156)
Net cash (used in) from operating activities
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 45
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31, 2018
Group
2018 2017
US$’000 US$’000
(Restated)
Investing activities 701 581
Interest income received 928 80
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 6,982
Proceeds from disposal of current assets held for sale 13,851
Proceeds from disposal of investments at fair value through 881
profit or loss – investment securities (4,076) 1,040
Purchase of property, plant and equipment [Note 12(e)] (5,748)
Purchase of intangible assets (97)
Purchase of investment securities (854) (36)
Dividends received from an associate (1,009)
– 1,488
Due from joint venture (274)
Investment in preference shares (666)
Net cash from investing activities – (293)
4,191 9,288
Financing activities
Repayment of finance leases (6) (28)
Proceeds from bank term loans 30,209 –
Repayment of bank term loans (50,075)
Dividends paid (3,034) (22,548)
Increase in pledged deposits (1,922)
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholder 3,689 389
Additional investment in a subsidiary by a non-controlling interest – (232)
– 335
Loans from non-controlling interest of subsidiaries 1,206
Net cash used in financing activities 412
(18,805) (22,800)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year (16,770) (4,303)
Effects of exchange rate changes on the balance of cash held in foreign currencies 37,893 41,965
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year (Note 5) (374) 231
20,749 37,893
See accompanying notes to financial statements. SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
46
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
1 GENERAL
The Company (Registration Number: 199308462C) is incorporated in Singapore with its principal place of business and
registered office at 6 Raffles Quay, #25-01, Singapore 048580. The Company is listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities
Trading Limited (“SGX-ST”). The financial statements are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”).
The principal activities of the Company are the owning and operating of ocean-going ships and the provision of containerised
feeder shipping services.
The principal activities of its subsidiaries, associate and joint venture are disclosed in Notes 14 and 15 respectively.
The Group operates in South East Asia, the Far East, the Indian Sub-continent and the Middle East.
The consolidated financial statements of the Group and statement of financial position and statement of changes in equity
of the Company for the financial year ended December 31, 2018 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on
March 28, 2019.
For all periods up to and including the year ended December 31, 2017, the financial statements were prepared in accordance
with the previous framework, Financial Reporting Standards in Singapore (“FRSs”). These financial statements for the year
ended December 31, 2018 are the first set that the Group and the Company have prepared in accordance with Singapore
Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”). Details of first-time adoption of SFRS(I) are included in Note 39.
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
2.1 BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the historical cost basis except as disclosed in the accounting
policies below, and are drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act and Singapore Financial
Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)s”).
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using
another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group takes into account the
characteristics of the asset or liability which market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at
the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated financial statements
is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of SFRS(I) 2 Share-
based Payments, leasing transactions that are within the scope of SFRS(I) 1-17 Leases, and measurements that have some
similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in SFRS(I) 1-2 Inventories or value in use in SFRS(I)
1-36 Impairment of Assets.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 47
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.1 BASIS OF ACCOUNTING (CONT’D)
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the
degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value
measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can
access at the measurement date;
• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or
liability, either directly or indirectly; and
• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
2.2 BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities (including
structured entities) controlled by the Company and its subsidiaries. Control is achieved where the Company:
• Has power over the investee;
• Is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and
• Has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.
The Company reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to
one or more of the three elements of control listed above.
When the Company has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, it has power over the investee when the
voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally. The
Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not the Company’s voting rights in an
investee are sufficient to give it power, including:
• The size of the Company’s holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of the other vote
holders;
• Potential voting rights held by the Company, other vote holders or other parties;
• Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and
• Any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Company has, or does not have, the current ability
to direct the relevant activities at the time that decisions need to be made, including voting patterns at previous
shareholders' meetings.
Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Company obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Company
loses such control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year
are included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the date the Company
gains control until the date when the Company ceases to control the subsidiary.
48
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.2 BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION(CONT’D)
Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the Company and the
non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the
non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.
When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies in line
with the Group’s accounting policies.
Changes in the Group’s ownership interests in existing subsidiaries
Changes in the Group’s ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in of the Group losing control over the subsidiaries
are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Group’s interests and the non-controlling interests are
adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which
the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in
equity and attributed to owners of the Company.
When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference
between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii)
the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-controlling
interests. All amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary are accounted for
as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities of the subsidiary (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or
transferred to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable SFRS(I)s). The fair value of any investment
retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for
subsequent accounting under SFRS(I) 9, or when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate
or a joint venture.
In the Company’s financial statements, investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint venture are carried at cost less any
impairment in net recoverable value that has been recognised in profit or loss.
2.3 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration for each
acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the acquisition date fair values of assets given, liabilities incurred by the Group,
and equity interests issued by the Group, and any contingent consideration arrangement in exchange for control of the
acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
Where applicable, the consideration for the acquisition includes any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration
arrangement, measured at its acquisition-date fair value. Subsequent changes in such fair values are adjusted against the
cost of acquisition where they qualify as measurement period adjustments (see below). The subsequent accounting for
changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends
on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured
at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that
is classified as an asset or a liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting dates at fair value, with changes in fair value
recognised in profit or loss.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 49
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.3 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (CONT’D)
Where a business combination is achieved in stages, the Group’s previously held interests in the acquired entity are
remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date the Group attains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if
any, is recognised in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have
previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss, where such treatment would be
appropriate if that interest were disposed of.
The acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities that meet the conditions for recognition under the
SFRS(I) are recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date, except that:
• Deferred tax assets or liabilities and liabilities or assets related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised
and measured in accordance with SFRS(I) 1-12 Income Taxes and SFRS(I) 1-19 Employee Benefits respectively;
• Liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment transactions of the acquiree or the replacement
of an acquiree’s share-based payment awards transactions with share-based payment awards transactions of the
acquirer in accordance with the method in SFRS(I) 2 Share-based Payment at the acquisition date; and
• Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with SFRS(I) 5 Non-current Assets Held
for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that Standard.
Non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the
entity’s net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’
proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement basis
is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Other types of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value or, when
applicable, on the basis specified in another SFRS(I).
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination
occurs, the Group reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional
amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see below), or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect
new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have
affected the amounts recognised as of that date.
The measurement period is the period from the date of acquisition to the date the Group obtains complete information about
facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and is subject to a maximum of one year from acquisition
date.
50
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable
to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at
fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as
appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial
liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
2.4.1 Financial assets
All financial assets are recognised and de-recognised on a trade date basis where the purchase or sale of financial
assets is under a contract whose terms require delivery of assets within the time frame established by the market
concerned.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value,
depending on the classification of the financial assets.
Classification of financial assets
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
• The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows; and
• The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments
of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
By default, all other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
Despite the aforegoing, the Group may make the following irrevocable election/designation at initial recognition of
a financial asset:
• the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other
comprehensive income if certain criteria are met; and
• the Group may irrevocably designate a debt investment that meets the amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria as
measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 51
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
Amortised cost and effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating
interest income over the relevant period.
For financial instruments other than purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, the effective interest
rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received
that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) excluding
expected credit losses, through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to
the gross carrying amount of the debt instrument on initial recognition. For purchased or originated credit-impaired
financial assets, a credit-adjusted effective interest rate is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash
flows, including expected credit losses, to the amortised cost of the debt instrument on initial recognition.
The amortised cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition
minus the principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any
difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. On the other
hand, the gross carrying amount of a financial asset is the amortised cost of a financial asset before adjusting for
any loss allowance.
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for debt instruments measured subsequently
at amortised cost and at FVTOCI. For financial instruments other than purchased or originated credit-impaired
financial assets, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount
of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired. For financial assets
that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate
to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If, in subsequent reporting periods, the credit risk on the credit-impaired
financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised
by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.
For purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, the Group recognises interest income by applying
the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from initial recognition. The
calculation does not revert to the gross basis even if the credit risk of the financial asset subsequently improves so
that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss.
Equity instruments designated as at FVTOCI
On initial recognition, the Group may make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to
designate investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. Designation at FVTOCI is not permitted if the equity
investment is held for trading or if it is contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination
to which SFRS(I) 3 applies.
52
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
A financial asset is held for trading if:
• It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages
together and has evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
• it is a derivative (except for a derivative that is a financial guarantee contract or a designated and effective
hedging instrument).
Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.
Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated in the investments revaluation reserve. The cumulative gain or loss
will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the equity investments, instead, they will be transferred to
retained earnings.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Group’s right to
receive the dividends is established, unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the
investment. Dividends are included in profit or loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at
FVTPL. Specifically:
• Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Group designates an equity
investment that is neither held for trading nor a contingent consideration arising from a business combination
as at FVTOCI on initial recognition.
• Debt instruments that do not meet the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria are classified as at
FVTPL. In addition, debt instruments that meet either the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria may
be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a
measurement or recognition inconsistency that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising
the gains and losses on them on different bases. The Group has not designated any debt instruments as at
FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value as at each reporting date, with any fair value gains or losses
recognised in profit or loss to the extent they are not part of a designated hedging relationship. The net gain or loss
recognised in profit or loss includes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the line
items. Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 4(b)(vii).
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 53
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
Foreign exchange gains and losses
The carrying amount of financial assets that are denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign
currency and translated at the closing rate as at each reporting date. Specifically,
• for financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVTPL that are not part of a designated hedging
relationship, exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss; and
• for equity instruments measured at FVTOCI, exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive
income.
Impairment of financial assets
The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses (“ECL”) on investments in debt instruments that are
measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to
reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.
The Group recognises lifetime ECL for trade receivables. The expected credit losses on these financial assets are
estimated using a provision matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that
are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast
direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate.
For all other financial instruments, the Group recognises lifetime ECL when there has been a significant increase
in credit risk since initial recognition. If, on the other hand, the credit risk on the financial instrument has not
increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument
at an amount equal to 12-month ECL. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on
significant increases in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition instead of on evidence of
a financial asset being credit-impaired at the reporting date or an actual default occurring.
Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected
life of a financial instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to
result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
54
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition,
the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk
of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment,
the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including
historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. Forward-looking
information considered includes the future prospects of the industries in which the Group’s debtors operate, as well
as consideration of various external sources of actual and forecast economic information that relate to the Group’s
core operations.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased
significantly since initial recognition:
• Significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk;
• Existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause
a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
• An actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor; and
• An actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment
of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Group presumes that the credit risk on a financial asset
has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due,
unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
Despite the aforegoing, the Group assumes that the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased
significantly since initial recognition if the financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting
date. A financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) the financial instrument has a low risk of
default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii)
adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the
ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 55
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
The Group regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant
increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant
increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
Definition of default
The Group considers the following as constituting an event of default for internal credit risk management purposes
as historical experience indicates that receivables that meet either of the following criteria are generally not
recoverable.
• when there is a breach of financial covenants by the counterparty; or
• information obtained from external sources indicates that the debtor is unlikely to pay its creditors, including
the Group, in full (without taking into account any collaterals held by the Group).
Irrespective of the above analysis, the Group considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than
90 days past due unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging
default criterion is more appropriate.
Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future
cash flows of that financial asset have occurred, such as significant financial difficulty of the debtor or a breach of
contract, such as default or past due event.
Write-off policy
The Group writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial
difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, e.g. when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation
or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities
under the Group’s recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made are
recognised in profit or loss.
Measurement and recognition of expected credit losses
The measurement of expected credit losses is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the
magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default
and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information as described above. As for
the exposure at default, for financial assets, this is represented by the assets’ gross carrying amount at the reporting
date, the Group’s understanding of the specific future financing needs of the debtors, and other relevant forward-
looking information.
For financial assets, the expected credit loss is estimated as the difference between all contractual cash flows
that are due to the Group in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive,
discounted at the original effective interest rate.
56
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.1 Financial assets (cont’d)
Where lifetime ECL is measured on a collective basis to cater for cases where evidence of significant increases in
credit risk at the individual instrument level may not yet be available, the financial instruments are grouped based
on the nature, size and industry of debtors.
The grouping is regularly reviewed by management to ensure the constituents of each group continue to share
similar credit risk characteristics.
If the Group has measured the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to lifetime ECL in the
previous reporting period, but determines at the current reporting date that the conditions for lifetime ECL are no
longer met, the Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month ECL at the current reporting
date.
The Group recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments with a corresponding
adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account.
Derecognition of financial assets
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or
when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another
party. If the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues
to control the transferred asset, the Group recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for
amounts it may have to pay. If the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred
financial asset, the Group continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing
for the proceeds received.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset’s carrying
amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss. In addition, on
derecognition of an investment in equity instrument which the Group has elected on initial recognition to measure at
FVTOCI, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in the investments revaluation reserve is not reclassified
to profit or loss, but is transferred to retained earnings.
2.4.2 Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Classification as debt or equity
Debts and equity instruments issued by the Group are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance
with the substance of the contractual arrangements entered and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity
instrument.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all
of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Group entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct
issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss
is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 57
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.2 Financial liabilities and equity instruments (cont’d)
Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
However, financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when
the continuing involvement approach applies, and commitments issued by the Group to provide a loan at below-
market interest rate are measured in accordance with the specific accounting policies set out below.
Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 4(b)(vii).
Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost
Financial liabilities that are not 1) contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, 2) held-for-
trading, or 3) designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest
method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating
interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated
future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective
interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability,
or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost of a financial liability.
Foreign exchange gains and losses
For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortised cost as at each
reporting date, the foreign exchange gains and losses are determined based on the amortised cost of the instruments.
These foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss for financial liabilities that are not part of a
designated hedging relationship.
The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and
translated at the closing rate at the end of the reporting period.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or
they expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration
paid and payable, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss.
2.4.3 Derivative financial instrument
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are
subsequently remeasured to their fair value as at each reporting date. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in
profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event
the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship.
58
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.4 Hedge accounting
At the inception of the hedge relationship, the Group documents the relationship between the hedging instrument
and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge
transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Group documents whether the
hedging instrument is effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to
the hedged risk, which is when the hedging relationships meet all of the following hedge effectiveness requirements:
• there is an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument;
• the effect of credit risk does not dominate the value changes that result from that economic relationship;
and
• the hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged
item that the Group actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses
to hedge that quantity of hedged item.
If a hedging relationship ceases to meet the hedge effectiveness requirement relating to the hedge ratio but the risk
management objective for that designated hedging relationship remains the same, the Group adjusts the hedge
ratio of the hedging relationship (i.e. rebalances the hedge) so that it meets the qualifying criteria again.
Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives and other qualifying hedging instruments that are
designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under
the heading of cash flow hedging reserve, limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item from
inception of the hedge. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit
or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item.
However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial
liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are
removed from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial
liability. This transfer does not affect other comprehensive income. Furthermore, if the Group expects that some
or all of the loss accumulated in other comprehensive income will not be recovered in the future, that amount is
immediately reclassified to profit or loss.
The Group discontinues hedge accounting only when the hedging relationship (or a part thereof) ceases to meet the
qualifying criteria (after rebalancing, if applicable). This includes instances when the hedging instrument expires or
is sold, terminated or exercised. The discontinuation is accounted for prospectively. Any gain or loss recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the
forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to
occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 59
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D)
2.4.5 Offsetting arrangements
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial
position when the Company and the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and
intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. A right to
set-off must be available as of the date of the reporting rather than being contingent on a future event and must
be exercisable by any of the counterparties, both in the normal course of business and in the event of default,
insolvency or bankruptcy.
2.5 LEASES
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
The Group as lessor
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Group’s net investment
in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on
the group’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease unless another
systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which use benefit derived from the leased asset is diminished.
Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased
asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.
The Group as lessee
Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value at the inception of the lease or,
if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the
statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and
reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance
charges are charged directly to profit or loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are
capitalised in accordance with the Group’s general policy on borrowing costs (see below). Contingent rentals are recognised
as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant
lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased
asset are consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which
they are incurred.
In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives are recognised as a liability. The
aggregate benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis, except where another
systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.
2.6 INVENTORIES
Inventories, comprising bunker stocks, oil and spare parts on board of vessels for consumption purposes are stated at
lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value represents the
estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution.
Allowance is made of deteriorated, damaged, obsolete and slow-moving inventories.
60
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.7 PREPAID OPERATING EXPENSES
Prepaid operating expenses, comprising prepaid charter-hire and other expenses, are initially recognised as prepayments
when payments are made. Prepaid charter hire expenses are subsequently charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis
over the charter-hire period.
2.8 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale
transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and
the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should
be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their previous carrying amount and fair value less
costs to sell.
2.9 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes, or for purposes not yet determined,
are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing
costs capitalised in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other
property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets over their estimated useful lives, using straight-line
method, on the following bases:
Vessels – 15 to 25 years
Vessel improvements – 2.5 to 5 years
Deferred charges – 2.5 to 5 years
Motor vehicles – 5 years
Equipment – 3 to 7 years
Furniture and fittings – 5 years
Renovation – 3 years
Freehold properties – 15 to 50 years
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at each year end, with the effect of any
changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Upon acquisition of a vessel, the components of the vessel which are required to be replaced at the next drydocking are
identified and the estimate of the cost to be incurred is determined. The cost of these components is to be depreciated over
a period to the next estimated drydocking date.
Deferred charges represent drydocking expenditure incurred for major overhauls of vessels, which is deferred when incurred
and depreciated over a period from the current drydocking date to the next estimate drydocking date. When significant
drydocking expenditures recur prior to the expiry of the depreciation period, the remaining carrying value of the previous
drydocking is expensed in the month of the subsequent drydocking.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 61
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.9 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (CONT’D)
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, if
there is no certainty that the lessee will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset shall be fully depreciated
over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.
The gain or loss arising on disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference
between the sales proceeds and the carrying amounts of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
2.10 INVESTMENT PROPERTY
Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation, including property under construction
for such purposes, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is
charged so as to write off the cost of assets over 15 years which is its estimated useful life, using straight-line method.
An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from
use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on disposal of the property
(calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in profit
or loss in the period in which the property is disposed.
2.11 IMPAIRMENT OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
At the end of each reporting period, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to
determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists,
the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it
is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of
the CGU to which the asset belongs.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the
estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have
not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the
asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (CGU) is increased to the revised estimate
of its recoverable amount but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (CGU) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss
is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lifes and intangible asset not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually,
and whenever there is an indication that asset maybe impaired.
62
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.12 ASSOCIATE AND JOINT VENTURE
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in
the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net
assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists
only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
The results and assets and liabilities of associates or joint ventures are incorporated in these consolidated financial
statements using the equity method of accounting, except when the investment, or a portion thereof is classified as held
for sale, in which case it is accounted for under SFRS(I) 5. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate or a
joint venture is initially recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to
recognise the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate or joint venture. When
the Group’s share of losses of an associate or a joint venture exceeds the Group’s interest in that associate or joint venture
(which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group’s net investment in the associate or joint
venture), the Group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognised only to the extent
that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture.
An investment in an associate or joint venture is accounted for using the equity method from the date on which the investee
becomes an associate or a joint venture. On acquisition of the investment in an associate or a joint venture, any excess of the
cost of the investment over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee is
recognised as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Group’s share of
the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of the investment, after reassessment, is recognised
immediately in profit or loss in the period in which the investment is acquired.
The requirements of SFRS(I) 9 are applied to determine whether it is necessary to recognise any impairment loss with respect
to the group’s investment in an associate or a joint venture. When necessary, the entire carrying amount of the investment
in associate or joint venture (including goodwill) is tested for impairment in accordance with SFRS(I) 1-36 Impairment of
Assets as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal)
with its carrying amount, any impairment loss recognised forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal
of that impairment loss is recognised in accordance with SFRS(I) 1-36 to the extent that the recoverable amount of the
investment subsequently increases.
The Group discontinues the use of the equity method from the date when the investment ceases to be an associate or a joint
venture, or when the investment is classified as held for sale. When the Group retains an interest in the former associate
or joint venture and the retained interest is a financial asset, the Group measures the retained interest at fair value at that
date and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition in accordance with SFRS(I) 9. The difference between
the carrying amount of the associate or joint venture at the date the equity method was discontinued, and the fair value of
any retained interest and any proceeds from disposing of a part interest in the associate or joint venture is included in the
determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate or joint venture and to be recognised in the statement of profit
or loss. In addition, the Group accounts for all amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to
that associate or joint venture on the same basis as would be required if that associate or joint venture had directly disposed
of the related assets or liabilities. Therefore, if a gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income by that
associate would be reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities, the Group reclassifies the
gain or loss from equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when the equity method is discontinued.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 63
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.12 ASSOCIATE AND JOINT VENTURE (CONT’D)
The Group continues to use the equity method when an investment in an associate becomes an investment in a joint
venture. There is no remeasurement to fair value upon such changes in ownership interests.
When the Group reduces its ownership interest in an associate or a joint venture but the Group continues to use the equity
method, the Group reclassifies to profit or loss the proportion of the gain or loss that had previously been recognised in other
comprehensive income relating to that reduction in ownership interest if that gain or loss would be reclassified to profit or
loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities.
When a Group entity transacts with an associate or a joint venture of the Group, profits and losses resulting from the
transactions with the associate or joint venture are recognised in the Group's consolidated financial statements only to the
extent of interests in the associate or joint venture that are not related to the Group.
2.13 PROVISIONS
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is
probable that the Group will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation
at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a
provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present
value of those cash flows.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party,
the receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the
receivable can be measured reliably.
64
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.14
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on
behalf of third parties. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over a product or service to a customer.
Rendering of services
Revenue and operating costs on freight operations are recognised as income and expenses respectively, by reference
to the voyage progress as at end of the reporting period. This has been assessed by management to be an appropriate
measure of progress towards complete satisfaction of these performance obligations over time under SFRS(I) 15. Unearned
revenue received is recognised as contract liabilities, recognised over the period in which the freight services are performed
representing the entity’s right to consideration for the services performed as at the end of the reporting period. Certain
freight operation contracts include a separate performance obligation surrounding the provision of stevedoring service. Such
revenue is recognised as the performance obligation to move the customer’s specific cargo to and from the vessel is satisfied
over time.
Revenue from rendering sea freight forwarding services is recognised at a point in time based on the completion of shipment.
Charter hire revenue comprise time and voyage charter. The performance obligations within a time-charter contract include
the lease of the vessel to the charterer and the maintenance of the vessel. Time charter revenue is recognised as such
services are rendered over the duration of the time charter agreements and is stated net of taxes and commission paid.
Voyage charter revenue is recognised evenly over the duration of each voyage as the performance obligation is satisfied. The
transaction price is in the form of fixed fee at contract inception.
Pool revenue is recognised as the performance obligation is satisfied over time in accordance with the pooling agreement.
Ship management and operation services revenue are recognised over time upon services rendered.
Interest income
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate
applicable.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised in profit or loss when the Group’s rights to receive the dividends have been
established.
Rental income
The Group’s policy for recognition of revenue from operating leases is described above.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 65
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.15 BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets
that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those
assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the
temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing
costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.16 RETIREMENT BENEFIT COSTS
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are charged as an expense when employees have rendered the
services entitling them to the contributions. Payments made to state-managed retirement benefit schemes, such as the
Singapore Central Provident Fund, are dealt with as payments to defined contribution plans where the Group’s obligations
under the plans are equivalent to those arising in a defined contribution retirement benefit plan.
For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit
Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out as at each reporting date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains
and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is
reflected immediately in the statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income
in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in
other reserves and will not be reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the period of a
plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined
benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
• Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and
settlements);
• Net interest expense or income; and
• Remeasurement.
The Group presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item “administrative
expenses”. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the statement of financial position represents the actual deficit or surplus in
the Group’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic
benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
2.17 EMPLOYEE LEAVE ENTITLEMENT
Employees’ entitlements to annual leave are recognised when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the
estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the end of the reporting period.
66
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.18 INCOME TAX
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the
consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income because it excludes items of income or expense
that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are not taxable or tax deductible. The Group’s
liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted in
countries where the Company and subsidiaries operate by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial
statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally
recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities
are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business
combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised on taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associate
and joint venture, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that
the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary
differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there
will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to
reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed as at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no
longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset
realised based on the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting
period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the
manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets
and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to
settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
Current and deferred tax are recognised as an expense or income in profit or loss, except when they relate to items credited
or debited outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity), in which case the tax is also
recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively), or where they
arise from the initial accounting for a business combination. In the case of a business combination, the tax effect is taken
into account in calculating goodwill or determining the excess of the acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of the acquiree’s
identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over cost.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 67
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.19 SALES TAX
Revenue, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of sales tax except:
• Where the sales tax incurred in a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in
which case the sales tax is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item as
applicable; and
• Receivables and payables that are stated with the amount of sales tax included.
The net amount of sales tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or
payables in the statement of financial position.
2.20 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS AND TRANSLATION
The individual financial statements of each group entity are measured and presented in the currency of the primary economic
environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). The consolidated financial statements of the Group and
the statement of financial position and equity of the Company are presented in United States dollars, which is the functional
currency of the Company and the presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements.
In preparing the financial statements of the individual entities, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional
currency are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period,
monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period.
Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing
on the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a
foreign currency are not retranslated.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items, and on retranslation of monetary items are included in
profit or loss for the period. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of non-monetary items carried at fair value are
included in profit or loss for the period except for differences arising on the retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of
which gains and losses are recognised directly in other comprehensive income. For such non-monetary items, any exchange
component of that gain or loss is also recognised in other comprehensive income.
For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations
(including comparatives) are expressed in United States dollars using exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting
period. Income and expense items (including comparatives) are translated at the average exchange rates for the period,
unless exchange rates fluctuated significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the
transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated
in a separate component of equity under the header of foreign currency translation reserve.
On the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of the Group’s entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal
involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, loss of joint control over a jointly controlled entity
that includes a foreign operation, or loss of significant influence over an associate that includes a foreign operation), all of
the accumulated exchange differences in respect of that operation attributable to the Group are reclassified to profit or loss.
Any exchange differences that have previously been attributed to non-controlling interests are derecognised, but they are
not reclassified to profit or loss.
68
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D)
2.20 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS AND TRANSLATION (CONT’D)
In the case of a partial disposal (i.e. no loss of control) of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate
share of accumulated exchange differences is re-attributed to non-controlling interests and are not recognised in profit
or loss. For all other partial disposals (i.e. of associates jointly-controlled entities that do not result in the Group losing
significant influence or joint control), the proportionate share of the accumulated exchange differences is reclassified to
profit or loss.
On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities (including
monetary items that, in substance, form part of the net investment in foreign entities), and of borrowings and other currency
instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in
a separate component of equity under the header of foreign currency translation reserve.
2.21 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS IN THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows comprise cash on hand, cash at banks, call and fixed deposits less
pledged deposits that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes
in value.
2.22 SEGMENT REPORTING
For management purposes, the Group is organised into operating segments based on their services and geographical regions
which are managed by respective segment managers responsible for the performance of the respective segment under their
charge. The segment or department managers report directly to the management of the Group who regularly review the
segment results in order to allocate resources to the segments and to assess the segment performance.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 2, management is required to make
judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are
considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are
recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the
revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
(a) Critical judgements in applying the entity’s accounting policies
The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations (see below), that management
has made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the
amounts recognised in the financial statements.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 69
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (CONT’D)
(a) Critical judgements in applying the entity’s accounting policies (cont’d)
(i) Detainment of vessel
Note 12 describes that one of the Group’s dry-bulk vessels was detained in Honduras due to the delayed
delivery of the cargo, which has resulted in the loss of income by the Group. Significant judgement is required
by the management to determine the recoverable amount of the vessel, which is derived based on the fair
value less cost of disposal; and the estimated liabilities incurred by the Group as at the end of the reporting
period, whether due to legal or constructive obligations.
(ii) Income taxes
The Group has exposure to income taxes in various jurisdictions. Significant judgement is involved in
determining the Group-wide provision for income taxes. The Group recognises liabilities for expected tax
issues based on assessment of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these
matters is different from the amounts that were initially recognised, such differences will impact the income
tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
The carrying amounts of the Group’s income tax payable, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
at the end of the reporting period were US$1,223,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$1,343,000, January 1,
2017 : US$1,537,000) US$85,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$49,000, January 1, 2017 : US$58,000) and
US$40,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$47,000, January 1, 2017: US$Nil) respectively.
(iii) Operating lease commitments – as lessor
The Group has entered into charter hire leases on its owned vessels. The Group has determined that it
retains all the control and ownership of these vessels which are leased out on operating leases. The Group
has recognised these vessels, their deferred charges and vessel improvements as its property, plant and
equipment.
The carrying amounts of these vessels, their deferred charges and vessel improvements under property,
plant and equipment are disclosed in Note 12.
70
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (CONT’D)
(a) Critical judgements in applying the entity’s accounting policies (cont’d)
(iv) Control over Samudera Traffic Co. Ltd
Note 14 describes that Samudera Traffic Co. Ltd is a subsidiary of the Group although the Group only has a
49% (December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 : 49%) ownership interest in Samudera Traffic Co. Ltd. Based
on the contractual arrangements between the Group and the other investor, the Group is entitled to a 60%
(December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 : 60%) share of the net profits of the subsidiary. The shares held
by the Group also carry two votes per share, which resulted in the voting power held by the Group to 65.8%
(December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 : 65.8%). Therefore, the directors of the Company concluded that
the Group has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of Samudera Traffic Co. Ltd unilaterally and
hence the Group has control over Samudera Traffic Co. Ltd.
(v) Control over Samudera Cargo Services LLC
Note 14 describes that Samudera Cargo Services LLC is a subsidiary of the Group although the Group only has
a 49% (December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 : 49%) ownership interest in Samudera Cargo Services LLC.
Based on the contractual arrangements between the Group and the other investor, the Group is entitled to
an 80% (December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 : 80%) share of the net profits of the subsidiary. The Group
had appointed a director, who is the Group’s representative, that has a power to direct the relevant activities
of Samudera Cargo Services LLC. Therefore, the directors of the Company concluded that the Group has the
practical ability to direct the relevant activities of Samudera Cargo Services LLC unilaterally and hence the
Group has control over Samudera Cargo Services LLC.
(vi) Control over Prime Maritime DWC LLC
Note 14 describes that Prime Maritime DWC LLC is a subsidiary of the Group with the Group having a 51%
(December 31, 2017 : 51%, January 1, 2017 : Nil) ownership interest in Prime Maritime DWC LLC. Based
on the contractual arrangements between the Group and the other investor, the Group is also entitled to
appoint a director, who is the Group’s representative, as chairman of the subsidiary’s board of directors and
has the casting vote power over the relevant activities of Prime Maritime DWC LLC. Therefore, the directors
of the Company concluded that the Group has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of Prime
Maritime DWC LLC unilaterally and hence the Group has control over Prime Maritime DWC LLC.
(vii) Control over Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd
Note 14 describes that Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd is a subsidiary of the Group with the Group having a
51% (December 31, 2017 : 51%, January 1, 2017 : Nil) ownership interest in Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd.
Based on the contractual arrangements between the Group and the other investor, the Group is also entitled
to appoint a director, who is the Group’s representative, as chairman of the subsidiary’s board of directors
and has the casting vote power over the relevant activities of Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd. Therefore, the
directors of the Company concluded that the Group has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of
Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd unilaterally and hence the Group has control over Shal Hawk Silkargo Sdn Bhd.
(viii) Investment in Samudera Bharat Feeder Pvt Ltd
Note 15 describes the Group’s investment in Samudera Bharat Feeder Pvt Ltd, which is a joint venture
between the Group and a third party. Based on the contractual arrangements with the other investor, no
resolution shall have deemed to be pass unless unanimous consent is obtained, through affirmative votes
of 1 director from each party. Therefore, the directors of the Company concluded that there is joint control
between the Group and the other investor.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 71
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (CONT’D)
(b) Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the
reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed below.
(i) Investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint venture
Management exercises their judgement in estimating recoverable amounts of its investment in subsidiaries,
associate and joint venture within the Group.
The recoverable amounts of the investments are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine
whether there is any indication that those investments have suffered an impairment loss. If any such
indication exists, the recoverable amount is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment
loss (if any). Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. In assessing
value in use, management needs to estimate the future cash flows expected from the cash generating units
and an appropriate discount rate in order to calculate the present value of the future cash flows.
The carrying amounts of the investments in subsidiaries, associate and joint venture are disclosed in
Notes 14 and 15 respectively.
(ii) Vessel useful life and impairment
The cost of vessels and vessel improvements of the Group and the Company is depreciated on a straight-line
basis over the useful life of the vessels. Management estimates the useful life of these vessels and vessel
improvements to be within 15 to 25 years and 2.5 to 5 years respectively. Changes in the expected level
of usage could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values of these assets, therefore, future
depreciation charges could be revised.
Management also reviews the vessels for impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying
amount of the vessel may not be recoverable. Management measures the recoverability of an asset by
comparing its carrying amount against its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of the
fair value less cost of disposal and value in use, which is the future cash flows that the vessel is expected to
generate and the expected running cost thereof over its remaining useful life with a cash inflow in the final
year equal to the expected residual value of the vessels. The future cash flows is discounted to their present
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the time value of money. If the vessel is considered to be
impaired, impairment loss is recognised to an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value of the asset
over its recoverable amount.
The carrying amounts and details of the Group’s and Company’s vessels, deferred charges, vessel
improvements and impairment at the end of the reporting period are disclosed in Note 12.
(iii) Residual values of vessels
The Group reviews the residual values of vessels periodically to ensure that the amount is consistent with
the future economic benefits embodied in these vessels at the point of disposal. Significant judgement is
required in determining the residual values of its vessels.
In determining the residual values of its vessels, the Group considers the net proceeds that would be obtained
from the disposal of the assets in the resale or scrap markets, fluctuations in scrap steel prices and industry
practice.
72
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (CONT’D)
(b) Key sources of estimation uncertainty (cont’d)
(iv) Estimation of loss allowance
When measuring ECL, the Group uses reasonable and supportable forward-looking information, which is
based on assumptions for the future movement of different economic drivers and how these drivers will
affect each other. Loss given default is an estimate of the loss arising on default. It is based on the difference
between the contractual cash flows due and those that the lender would expect to receive. Probability of
default constitutes a key input in measuring ECL. Probability of default is an estimate of the likelihood
of default over a given time horizon, the calculation of which includes historical data, assumptions and
expectations of future conditions.
The carrying amounts of the Group’s and the Company’s trade and other receivables are disclosed in Notes
6 and 7 respectively.
(v) Revenue recognition on an over time basis (freight operations)
Revenue on freight operations are recognised by reference to the voyage progress as at end of the reporting
period. This has been assessed by management to be an appropriate measure of progress towards complete
satisfaction of these performance obligations over time. This requires the exercise of judgement and have a
degree of complexity when determining the progress of the voyage as at year-end.
The amount of revenue earned from freight operations recognised during the year is disclosed in Note 26.
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
(a) Categories of financial instruments
The following table sets out the financial instruments as at the end of the reporting period:
December Group January 1, December Company January 1,
31, 2018 December 31, 2018 December
US$’000 2017 US$’000 2017
31, 2017 US$’000 31, 2017 US$’000
US$’000 (Restated) US$’000 (Restated)
(Restated) (Restated)
Financial assets
Financial assets 120,592 121,766 106,754 92,295 87,175 79,846
at amortised cost
– 507 198 – – –
Financial assets at – 58 53 – – –
FVTPL
Financial assets at FVTOCI
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities at 93,792 111,746 124,585 59,407 60,165 63,757
amortised cost
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 73
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives
The Group and the Company are exposed to financial risks arising from its operations and the use of financial
instruments. The key financial risks include foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, bunker price risk
and liquidity risk. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies and procedures for the management of these
risks. The Audit Committee provides independent oversight to the effectiveness of the risk management process.
It is, and has been throughout the current and previous financial year, the Group’s policy that no derivatives shall be
undertaken except for the use as hedging instruments where appropriate and cost-efficient.
There has been no change to the Group’s exposure to these financial risks or the manner in which it manages and
measures the risk. Market risk exposures are measured using sensitivity analysis indicated below.
(i) Foreign exchange risk management
The Group transacts business in various foreign currencies, including Singapore dollar (“SGD”) and Indonesian
rupiah (“IDR”) and therefore is exposed to foreign exchange risk.
The Group and the Company also hold cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies for
working capital purposes. At the end of the reporting period, such foreign currency balances approximately
amount to US$15,969,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$17,666,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 10,916,000) and
US$1,741,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$873,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 2,315,000) for the Group and the
Company respectively.
The Company is also exposed to currency translation risk arising from its net investments in foreign
operations, including Malaysia, Thailand, India and United Arab Emirates.
74
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(i) Foreign exchange risk management (cont’d)
The Group manages its foreign exchange exposure by a policy of matching, as far as possible, receipts and
payments in each individual currency. Surpluses of foreign currencies are converted, as soon as possible, to
SGD or USD.
At the end of the reporting period, the carrying amounts of monetary assets and monetary liabilities
denominated in currencies other than the respective Group entities’ functional currencies are as follows:
Group
Liabilities Assets
December 31, December 31, January 1, December 31, December 31, January 1,
2017
2018 2017 2017 2018 2017
US$'000
US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000
17,886
SGD 24,892 25,992 24,909 16,662 18,505 7,140
IDR 4,008 4,130 5,382 15,699 14,240 2,734
Others 93 289 446
1,262 2,434
Company
Liabilities Assets
December 31, December 31, January 1, December 31, December 31, January 1,
2017
2018 2017 2017 2018 2017
US$'000
US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000
17,794
SGD 24,809 25,903 23,981 16,604 18,489 –
IDR 1,854 2,305 578 17 1
Others 93 94 247 2,718
1,255 2,425
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 75
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(i) Foreign exchange risk management (cont’d)
Foreign currency sensitivity
The following table details the sensitivity to a 10% (2017 : 10%) increase and decrease in the exchange rate
of SGD and IDR against USD. It is the sensitivity rate used when reporting foreign currency risk internally to
key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in
foreign exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding monetary items denominated in
SGD and IDR and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates. The
sensitivity analysis of monetary items denominated in currencies other than SGD and IDR is not significant.
Group Company
Strengthen Effect on Strengthen Effect on
(weaken) in profit (weaken) in profit
exchange or loss exchange or loss
% US$’000 % US$’000
2018 10 (823) 10 (821)
Singapore dollar (10) 823 (10) 821
Indonesian rupiah 10 1,169 10 (184)
(10) (1,169) (10) 184
2017 10 (749) 10 (741)
Singapore dollar (10) 749 (10) 741
Indonesian rupiah 10 1,011 10 (230)
(10) (1,011) (10) 230
(ii) Interest rate risk management
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of the Group’s and the Company’s financial
instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Group’s and the Company’s
exposure to interest rate risk arises primarily from their loans and borrowings and fixed deposits.
The Group obtains additional financing through bank borrowings. The Group’s policy is to obtain the most
favourable interest rates available without increasing its foreign currency exposure.
Surplus funds are placed with reputable banks and financial institutions which generate interest income for
the Group.
Information relating to the Group’s and the Company’s financial instrument balances which are interest
bearing are disclosed in Notes 5, 8, 16, 19 and 21.
76
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(ii) Interest rate risk management (cont’d)
Interest rate sensitivity
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a 25 basis points (2017 : 25 basis points) increase and
decrease in the SGD and USD interest rates, with all other variables held constant, of the Group’s and the
Company’s profit or loss (through the net impact of interest expense on floating loans and borrowings and
interest income on fixed deposits). It is the sensitivity rate used when reporting interest rate risks internally
to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change
in interest rates.
Group Company
Increase Effect on Increase Effect on
(decrease) in Profit (decrease) in profit
basis points or loss basis points or loss
US$’000 US$’000
2018 25 (21) 25 (21)
Singapore dollar (25) 21 (25) 21
United States dollar 25 (53) 25 (14)
(25) 53 (25) 14
2017 25 (25) 25 (25)
Singapore dollar (25) 25 (25) 25
United States dollar 25 (52) 25 4
(25) 52 (25) (4)
(iii) Overview of the Group’s exposure to credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial
loss to the Group. As at December 31, 2018, the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk without taking into
account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, which will cause a financial loss to the Group due
to failure to discharge an obligation by the counterparties arises from the carrying amount of the respective
recognised financial assets as stated in the consolidated statement of financial position.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 77
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(iii) Overview of the Group’s exposure to credit risk (cont’d)
In order to minimise credit risk, the Group’s exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are
continuously monitored.
The Group’s current credit risk grading framework comprises the following categories:
Category Description Basis for recognising
expected credit losses (ECL)
Performing The counterparty has a low risk of default and does not have 12-month ECL
Doubtful any past-due amounts.
In default Amount is >30 days past due or there has been a significant Lifetime ECL
Write-off increase in credit risk since initial recognition. – not credit-impaired
Amount is >90 days past due or there is evidence indicating Lifetime ECL
the asset is credit-impaired. – credit-impaired
There is evidence indicating that the debtor is in severe Amount is written off
financial difficulty and the Group has no realistic prospect of
recovery.
The tables below detail the credit quality of the Group’s and Company’s financial assets and other items, as
well as maximum exposure to credit risk:
Note Internal 12-month or Gross Loss Net
credit lifetime ECL carrying allowance carrying
rating amount amount
US$’000
US$’000 US$’000
Group
December 31, 2018 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 75,732 (4,802) 70,930
Trade receivables 7 Performing 12 month 3,148 – 3,148
Other receivables and deposit Performing 12 month 2,087 – 2,087
Due from immediate 35 6,428 6,346
(i) Lifetime ECL 9,665 (82) 8,786
holding company (non-trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 493 (879) 493
Due from immediate Performing 33 –
6 (i) 12 month –
holding company (trade) Lifetime ECL (33)
Due from related 6
companies (trade)
Due from non-controlling
interest of subsidiary (trade)
Due from joint venture
(trade)
97,586 (5,796) 91,790
78
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(iii) Overview of the Group’s exposure to credit risk (cont’d)
Note Internal 12-month or Gross Loss Net
credit lifetime ECL carrying allowance carrying
rating amount amount
US$’000
US$’000 US$’000
Group
December 31, 2017 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 63,185 (4,526) 58,659
Trade receivables 7 Performing 12 month 2,091 – 2,091
Other receivables and deposit
Due from immediate 35 Performing 12 month 2,087 – 2,087
holding company (non-trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 5,414 (70) 5,344
Due from immediate 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 3,660 (2) 3,658
holding company (trade) Performing 12 month 292 – 292
Due from related companies
(trade)
Due from joint venture
(non-trade)
76,729 (4,598) 72,131
January 1, 2017 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 48,038 (3,662) 44,376
Trade receivables 7 Performing 12 month 1,007 – 1,007
Other receivables and deposit
Due from immediate 35 Performing 12 month 2,087 – 2,087
holding company (non-trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 2,401 (31) 2,370
Due from immediate
6 (i) Lifetime ECL 2,819 (1) 2,818
holding company (trade)
Due from related
companies (trade)
56,352 (3,694) 52,658
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 79
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(iii) Overview of the Group’s exposure to credit risk (cont’d)
Note Internal 12-month or Gross Loss Net
credit lifetime ECL carrying allowance carrying
rating amount amount
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Company
December 31, 2018 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 65,388 (4,600) 60,788
Trade receivables 341 – 341
Other receivables and deposit 7 Performing 12 month
Due from immediate 6,423 (82) 6,341
6 (i) Lifetime ECL 2,401 (103) 2,298
holding company (trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL
Due from subsidiaries (trade) 6,125 (1,113) 5,012
Due from subsidiaries 8 Performing 12 month
5,390 (267) 5,123
(non-trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL
Due from related companies
(trade)
86,068 (6,165) 79,903
December 31, 2017 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 56,071 (4,435) 51,636
Trade receivables 114 – 114
Other receivables and deposit 7 Performing 12 month
Due from immediate 5,414 (70) 5,344
6 (i) Lifetime ECL 4,455 – 4,455
holding company (trade) 6 (i) Lifetime ECL
Due from subsidiaries (trade) 4,718 – 4,718
Due from subsidiaries 8 Performing 12 month
(non-trade) 257 (2) 255
Due from related companies 6 (i) Lifetime ECL
(trade)
71,029 (4,507) 66,522
80
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(iii) Overview of the Group’s exposure to credit risk (cont’d)
Note Internal 12-month or Gross Loss Net
credit lifetime ECL carrying allowance carrying
rating amount amount
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Company
January 1, 2017 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 41,231 (3,579) 37,652
78 – 78
Trade receivables 7 Performing 12 month
Other receivables and deposit 2,364 (31) 2,333
Due from immediate 6 (i) Lifetime ECL 3,108 – 3,108
6 (i) Lifetime ECL
holding company 3,052 – 3,052
Due from subsidiaries (trade) 8 Performing 12 month
Due from subsidiaries 115 (1) 114
6 (i) Lifetime ECL
(non-trade)
Due from related
companies (trade)
49,948 (3,611) 46,337
(i) For trade receivables, the Group and Company has applied the simplified approach in SFRS(I) 9 to measure the loss
allowance at lifetime ECL. The Group and Company determines the expected credit losses on these items based
on historical credit loss experience based on the past due status of the debtors, adjusted as appropriate to reflect
current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions. Accordingly, the credit risk profile of these assets is
presented based on their past due status in terms of the provision matrix. Note 6 includes further details on the loss
allowance for these receivables.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 81
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(iv) Credit risk management
The Group’s objective is to seek continual revenue growth while minimising losses incurred due to increased
credit risk exposure. The Group trades only with recognised and creditworthy third parties. It is the Group’s
policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. The
Group and the Company may request bankers’ guarantee from its customers if it is necessary. In addition,
debtor balances are monitored on an ongoing basis.
Credit risk concentration profile
The Group determines concentration of credit risk by monitoring the customer profile of its trade receivables
on an ongoing basis. The credit risk concentration profile of the Group’s and the Company’s trade receivables
at the end of the reporting period is as follows:
December 31, 2018 Group January 1, 2017
US$’000 % of total US$’000 % of total
December 31, 2017 (Restated)
US$’000 % of total
(Restated)
By customers:
Main line operators 45,431 64.0 36,747 62.6 27,057 61.0
Agents 3,898 5.5 2,930 5.0 2,913 6.6
Others
21,601 30.5 18,982 32.4 14,406 32.4
70,930 100.0 58,659 100.0 44,376 100.0
December 31, 2018 Company January 1, 2017
US$’000 % of total US$’000 % of total
December 31, 2017 (Restated)
US$’000 % of total
(Restated)
By customers: 40,702 67.0 32,025 62.0 24,545 65.2
4,856 8.0 3,873 7.5 3,191 8.5
Main line operators 9,916
Agents 15,230 25.0 15,738 30.5 26.3
Others 60,788 100.0 51,636 100.0 37,652 100.0
At the end of the reporting period, approximately 40.7% (December 31, 2017 : 37.4%, January 1, 2017 :
33.4%) of the Group’s and Company’s trade receivables were due from 5 (December 31, 2017 : 5 , January 1,
2017 : 5) major customers who are main line operators located in Singapore.
82
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(v) Bunker price risk management
The Group’s earnings are affected by changes in bunker prices. The Group manages this risk by monitoring the
bunker prices and entering into forward contracts to hedge against fluctuations in bunker price if considered
appropriate.
As at December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017, the Group has no outstanding bunker
price hedging contracts.
(vi) Liquidity risk management
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group or the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting financial obligations
due to shortage of funds. The Group’s and the Company’s exposure to liquidity risk arises primarily from
mismatches of the maturities of financial assets and liabilities. The Group’s and the Company’s objective
is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of stand-by credit
facilities.
The Group and the Company monitor and maintain a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate by
the management to finance the Group’s operation and mitigate the effects of fluctuation of cash flows.
Liquidity and interest risk analyses
Non-derivative financial instruments
The following tables detail the remaining contractual maturity for non-derivative financial instruments.
The tables have been drawn up based on the discounted cash flows of financial liabilities that include both
interest and principal cash flows based on the earliest date on which the Group and Company can be required
to pay and on the undiscounted contractual maturities of the financial assets including interest that will be
earned on those assets except where the Group and the Company anticipate that the cash flow will occur
in a different period. The adjustment column represents the possible future cash flows attributable to the
instrument included in the maturity analysis which is not included in the carrying amount of the financial
assets and liabilities on the statement of financial position.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 83
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
GROUP
December 31, 2018
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 74,078 – – – 74,078
Trade and other 17,219 – – – 17,219
– – – 493
receivables and deposits 493
Due from related companies – – (86) 28,802
Due from non-controlling – – (86) 120,592
interest of subsidiary – –
– –
Variable interest rate 0.40-7.30 28,888 – –
instruments:
66 30
Cash and bank balances 577 –
Total financial assets 120,678 31,381 6,747
32,024 6,777
Financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing: 25,653 – 25,653
Trade payables
Other payables and 23,118 – 23,118
273 – 273
liabilities
Due to related companies
Fixed interest rate 2.62 21 (17) 100
instruments: 1.32 1,028 – 1,605
Finance leases 4.35 10,589 (5,674) 43,043
Due to non-controlling (5,691) 93,792
interest of subsidiaries
Variable interest rate
instruments:
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities 60,682
84
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
GROUP
December 31, 2017
(Restated)
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 60,750 – – – 60,750
Trade and other 11,381 – – – 11,381
receivables and deposits – – (115) 49,635
Due from related companies – – (115) 121,766
Variable interest rate 0.25-6.75 49,750 – – – 23,862
instruments: – – – 23,051
– – – 472
Cash and bank balances
7 – (1) 10
Total financial assets 121,881 590 – – 1,206
Financial liabilities 45,733 2,733 (3,519) 63,145
46,330 2,733 (3,520) 111,746
Non-interest bearing: 23,862
Trade payables
Other payables and 23,051
472
liabilities
Due to related companies
Fixed interest rate 4.97 4
instruments: 1.26 616
Finance leases 2.43 18,198
Due to non-controlling
interest of subsidiaries
Variable interest rate
instruments:
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities 66,203
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 85
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
GROUP
January 1, 2017 (Restated)
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 45,383 – – – 45,383
Trade and other 7,275 – – – 7,275
receivables and deposits – – (68) 54,096
Due from related companies – – (68) 106,754
Variable interest rate 0.25-7.25 54,164 – – – 20,987
instruments: – – – 18,154
– – – 736
Cash and bank balances
10 – (4) 36
Total financial assets 106,822
50,376 16,550 (4,679) 84,672
Financial liabilities 50,386 16,550 (4,683) 124,585
Non-interest bearing: 20,987
Trade payables
Other payables and 18,154
736
liabilities
Due to related companies
Fixed interest rate 3.87-5.12 30
instruments:
Finance leases
Variable interest rate 2.05 22,425
instruments:
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities 62,332
86
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
COMPANY
December 31, 2018
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 61,129 – – – 61,129
Trade and other 17,898 – – – 17,898
receivables and deposits – 876 – – 876
Due from related companies 12,415 – – (23) 12,392
91,442 – (23) 92,295
Variable interest rate 1.00 876
instruments: 0.40-2.55 21,747 – – 21,747
13,337 – – – 13,337
Due from subsidiary – – – 114
Cash and bank balances 114 –
29 (16) 94
Total financial assets 16 65 229 (2,045) 24,115
6,843 19,088 258 (2,061) 59,407
Financial liabilities 42,057 19,153
Non-interest bearing:
Trade payables
Other payables and
liabilities
Due to related companies
Variable interest rate 2.48
instruments: 3.83
Finance leases
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 87
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
COMPANY
December 31, 2017
(Restated)
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 51,750 – – – 51,750
Trade and other 11,630 – – – 11,630
receivables and deposits 2,246 896 – – 3,142
Due from related companies 20,684 – – (31) 20,653
86,310 – (31) 87,175
Variable interest rate 1.66 896
instruments: 0.25-1.24 21,506 – – 21,506
13,475 – – – 13,475
Due from subsidiary – – – 208
Cash and bank balances 208 –
– (1,331) 24,976
Total financial assets 8,658 17,649 – (1,331) 60,165
43,847 17,649
Financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing:
Trade payables
Other payables and
liabilities
Due to related companies
Variable interest rate 2.62
instruments:
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities
88
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vi) Liquidity risk management (cont’d) On Within After Total
demand 2 to 5 5 years Adjustment US$’000
Effective or within years US$’000 US$’000
interest
1 year US$’000
rate US$’000
% p.a.
COMPANY
January 1, 2017 (Restated)
Financial assets
Non-interest bearing: 37,730 – – – 37,730
Trade and other 6,990 – – – 6,990
receivables and deposits
Due from related companies
Variable interest rate
instruments:
Due from subsidiary 1.49 1,617 – – – 1,617
Cash and bank balances 0.25-1.00 33,534 – – (25) 33,509
Total financial assets 79,871 – – (25) 79,846
Financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing: 15,121 – – – 15,121
Trade payables
Other payables and 11,207 – – – 11,207
280 – – – 280
liabilities
Due to related companies
Fixed interest rate 3.87 26 – – (3) 23
instruments:
Finance leases
Variable interest rate 2.27 12,225 20,045 7,155 (2,299) 37,126
instruments:
Bank term loans
Total financial liabilities 38,859 20,045 7,155 (2,302) 63,757
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 89
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vii) Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities
The Group classifies fair value measurement using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the
inputs used in making the measurement. The fair value hierarchy has the following levels:
• Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
• Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or
liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
• Level 3 – Inputs for the asset and liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable
inputs)
Management considers that the carrying amount of financial assets and financial liabilities of the Group and
the Company recorded at amortised cost in the financial statements approximate their fair values, whose
measurements are categorised as level 2 in the Group’s and the Company’s fair value hierarchy, except for
financial assets mentioned below.
The following table presents the financial assets of the Group measured at fair value.
Group Level 3
At December 31, 2018 US$’000
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
–
At December 31, 2017 (Restated) 507
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 198
At January 1, 2017 (Restated)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
The following table presents the reconciliation of financial assets of the Group measured at fair value based
on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
At January 1 2018 2017
Addition US$’000 US$’000
Write off
At December 31 507 198
– 309
(507) –
– 507
90
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
4 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RISKS AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
(b) Financial risk management policies and objectives (cont’d)
(vii) Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities
The following table presents the valuation techniques and key inputs that were used to determine the fair
value of financial instruments categorised under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Valuation Unobservable
Fair value as at (US$’000) techniques input
Description December 31, December 31, January 1,
2018 2017 2017
Financial assets at fair value – 507 198 Note Note
through profit or loss
Note:
The fair value is determined by management using a discounted cash flow model and takes into consideration
the long term revenue growth rates and management’s experience and knowledge of market conditions of
the specific industry.
(c) Capital management policies and objectives
The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to ensure that it maintains a strong credit rating and
healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholders’ value.
The capital structure of the Group consists of borrowings and equity attributable to owners of the Company,
comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings.
The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To
maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return capital to
shareholders or issue new shares. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes during the years ended
December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017.
The Group is required to maintain certain financial ratios within a given range to comply with loan covenants
imposed by its lenders. The Group monitors the financial covenants on bank borrowings to ensure there is no breach
of covenants.
5 CASH AND BANK BALANCES
December 31, Group January 1, December 31, Company January 1,
2018 December 31, 2017 2018 December 31, 2017
US$’000 2017 US$’000 US$’000 2017 US$’000
US$’000 US$’000
Call and fixed deposits 18,054 36,910 42,008 6,992 15,105 26,427
Cash at bank and on hand 10,748 12,725 12,088 5,400 5,548 7,082
28,802 49,635 54,096 12,392
20,653 33,509
2018 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIAL) 91
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2018
5 CASH AND BANK BALANCES (CONT’D)
Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of cash flows comprise:
Group Company
December 31, December 31, January 1, December 31, December 31, January 1,
2018 2017 2017 2018 2017 2017
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000
Cash and bank balances 28,802 49,635 54,096 12,392 20,653 33,509
(as above)
(8,053) (11,742) (12,131) (1,042) (940) (1,502)
Less: Pledged deposits 20,749 37,893 41,965 11,350 19,713 32,007
(Note A)
Cash and cash equivalents
Note A:
The Group’s and Company’s fixed deposits totaling US$1,066,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$1,030,000, January 1, 2017 :
US$ 1,570,000) and US$961,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$926,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 1,493,000) respectively have
been pledged to certain banks to secure bankers’ guarantee facilities of US$3,909,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$3,743,000,
January 1, 2017 : US$ 3,227,000) and US$3,158,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$2,997,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 2,548,000)
given to suppliers of goods and services in the ordinary course of business.
Included in the cash and bank of the Group and Company are amounts of US$6,987,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$10,712,000,
January 1, 2017 : US$ 10,561,000) and US$81,000 (December 31, 2017 : US$14,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 9,000) respectively
pledged to certain banks to secure loans and other banking facility of the Group amounting to US$5,683,000 (December 31,
2017 : US$35,106,000, January 1, 2017 : US$ 41,607,000).
6 TRADE RECEIVABLES
Group Company
December 31, December 31, January 1, December 31, December 31, January 1,
2017
2018 2017 2017 2018 2017
US$’000
US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 US$’000 (Restated)
(Restated) (Restated) (Restated)
Trade receivables-third parties 75,732 63,185 48,038 65,388 56,071 41,231
Due from immediate
6,428 5,414 2,401 6,423 5,414 2,364
holding company – – – 2,401 4,455 3,108
Due from subsidiaries 5,390
Due from related companies 9,665 3,660 2,819 257 115
Due from non-controlling –
493 – – – – –
interest of subsidiaries 33 – – 79,602 – –
Due from joint venture 72,259 53,258 (5,052) 66,197 46,818
92,351 (4,598) (3,694) 74,550 (4,507) (3,611)
Less: Loss allowance (5,796) 67,661 49,564 61,690 43,207
86,555
92
SAMUDERA SHIPPING LINE LTD
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