PROGRAMME BOOK 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GTSD 2019

Antifungal Activities of Alpinia galanga, Curcuma longa and
Zingiber officinale Extracts against Pyricularia oryzae, Pathogen

of Rice Blast Disease

Nur Hidayatur Nabila Mat Lapi, Neni Kartini Che Mohd Ramli*, Nor Yuziah Mohd
Yunus

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, Lintasan
Semarak, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, 26400 Jengka, Pahang Darul Makmur,
Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most destructive disease in
rice worldwide, as well as Malaysia and other country. It kills seedlings or plants
up to the tillering stage. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted
to find other alternative methods to control blast disease by using plant extracts
from family Zingiberaceae which are Alpinia galangal, Curcuma longa and
Zingiber officinale. Antifungal activities of these plant extracts were done under
laboratory condition on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). After 7 days of treatment,
the result showed that crude extracts of Alpinia galangal hexane extract
exhibited strong inhibitory against Pyricularia oryzae with the highest percentage
of inhibition 52.9%, followed by Curcuma longa hexane extract with 49.1% and
Zingiber officinale hexane extract with 43.5%. The antifungal activities of these
selected plant extracts may be due to the presence of some chemical compounds
such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, gylcosides, flavonoids and terpenes
that been proved thru phytochemical test. However, further trial such as field
trial is necessary to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of these extracts to
control rice blast disease under field condition.

Keywords: Alpinia galanga, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Rice blast disease,
Antifungal activity

51

GTSD 2019

Sustainable Pineapple Growth Performance on Mineral Soil

Nur Syahidah Abdul Jalil, Salwa Adam*, Asmah Awal, Shampazuraini Shamsuri,
Nor Azma Yusuf, Nordiana Ibrahim

Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 77300
Jasin, Melaka, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In Malaysia, pineapple has been identified as a high-value non-seasonal tropic
fruit, which is one of the top five fruits that shows a promising potential in the
local and export markets. The variety of pineapple chosen in this study was MD2
hybrid. This variety is promoted for industrial cultivation by Malaysian Pineapple
Industry Board (MPIB) because of its uniqueness as in uniformity and consistency
for the size and ripeness compared to other varieties. Statistically, 90% of the
pineapples in Malaysia are cultivated on peat soil while another 10% are
cultivated on mineral soil. Highly weathered mineral soil lead to unfertile soil
which inhibit crop growth. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to compare
early growth performance of pineapple crop cultivated on mineral soil and peat
soil. Based on the result, growth performance including plant height, leaves
length and leaves number showed no significant difference (p>0.05) except for
leaf width. The leaf width of pineapple grown on mineral soil significantly wider
than cultivated on peat soil with significant difference of p = 0.015. The chemical
analysis showed peat soil significantly more acidic compared to mineral soil.
Mineral soil was significantly high nutrients compared to peat soil especially for
calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Meanwhile, peat soil significantly high in
phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content compared to mineral soil. From this
study, it is found that with additional fertilizer pineapple crop, the plants can be
grown on mineral soil since the properties of soil can support the growth.

Keywords: Pineapple, Crop growth, Mineral soil, Peat soil

52

GTSD 2019

TakaFert: Biofertilizer of leachate sludge and vegetable wastes
by Takakura Composting

Shamir Roslan, Azyan Zafyrah Mohd Zahid, Fauzi Baharudin, Jalina Kassim*

1Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Municipal waste is growing rapidly due to increase in human population. High
production of leachate from at landfill also contributes to high sludge production
which then again will be sent to the landfill. Takakura composting method (TCM)
is one of the technique that is frequently used to recycle and transform the
organic materials to a natural fertilizer. In this project, leachate sludge will be mix
together with vegetable waste in order to enhance the degradation of the
organic matter. The use of cultivated microorganisms which were produced from
fermentation solution is adopted. Physical and chemical analysis were observed
in order to determine the optimum condition of compost product. The
parameters that were analyzed include temperature, moisture content, pH value,
NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potasium) and heavy metals concentration. All four
different ratios of compost mix with 1 kg weight were reported in a neutral pH
range (pH 7-8) after 5 weeks’ observations. NPK content for potassium is within
57 ppm to 104 ppm, phosphorus is from 2.5 ppm to 15 ppm and 0.9% to 3 % for
nitrogen. For heavy metal content at the end of the observation, all composts
have low level of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr where it is safe to be use in agriculture
activities. The compost in this study is sufficient to be use for agricultural
purposes, and the optimum condition of the compost was by Compost C which
use the ratio of 0.3: 0.2: 0.5 (gram).

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Takakura composting, Leachate sludge, Food wastes

53

GTSD 2019

Preferential Agricultural Crops in Home Garden Agroforestry
System in Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria

Johnson S. Alao*, S.Nyagber

Federal University, Gashua Sabon Gari, Nguru-Gashua-Damasak Road, Gashua, Nigeria

Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The study looked at the Preferential Agricultural Crops in Home garden Agro-
forestry System in selected local government areas of Benue State, Nigeria.
Home garden being one of the oldest land management systems have fascinated
many and provided sustenance to millions of people worldwide. A total of one
hundred and twenty (120) respondents were selected for the study using simple
random sampling technique. The sampled areas had eleven (11) wards and four
(4) wards were selected with thirty (30) respondents from each ward. The wards
selected were Agan, North Bank Ward I, North Bank Ward II and Ankpa Ward.
The preferred agricultural crops by the home garden agro-forestry practitioners
as revealed by the study are Paw-paw (Carica papaya), maize (Zea mays) Okra
(Abelmoschus esculentus), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Cucumber (Cucumis
sativus), Water melon (Citrullus lanatus), Garden egg (Solanum melongena)
among others. It is very crucial to note that from the study, it was revealed that
male home gardeners constituted 70.8%, while the female were made up of
29.2%. Among the motivating factors influencing the choice of these crops
include food security, income generation and nutritional complementarity with
other food sources of family members. It is recommended that the home garden
agro-forestry system should be incorporated into the agricultural transformation
agenda of the governments in Nigeria and in other parts of the world. The
massive adoption of the home garden agro-forestry system will go a long way to
ensure food security and sustainable livelihood globally.

Keywords: Preferential, Agroforestry, Crops, Home garden, Nigeria

54

GTSD 2019

The Effects of Different Water Temperature on Survival and
Growth Rate of Juvenile Pomacea canaliculata under Controlled

Environment

Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip 1, 2,*, Marie Urai Clement2

1Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450,
Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

2Crop Protection Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding authors: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Golden apple snail (GAS), Pomacea canaliculata is one of the major pest that
affected the production of rice in Malaysia. This pest not only gives fatal effect to
rice but also decrease the water quality in ecosystem due to use of pesticides to
control it. With the unpredictable changes on global climatic in Malaysia, it is
important to have knowledge on the effect of water temperature on growth and
survival rate of P. canaliculata in water body, in order to avoid loss in paddy field
and its adversely affect to the ecosystem. Water temperature is one of the most
important environmental factors influencing the survival, growth rate,
reproduction and behavior of freshwater snails. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the growth and survival rate of juvenile P. canaliculata at different
temperatures. Growth and survival of juvenile P. canaliculata were evaluated at
different constant water temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). Our findings
show, at 30° C the growth rate of P. canaliculata is higher compare with the other
temperature, however with low survival rate. Meanwhile, at room temperature
(22 - 24°C), higher survival rate (100%) is recorded. The results showed that
different water temperature affect the growth and survival rate of P. canaliculata
and itis important indicator for predicting and understanding the changes of
water temperature when controlling this pest.

Keywords: Pomacea canaliculata, Golden apple snail, Water temperature,
Survival rate, Growth rate

55

GTSD 2019

Cybersecurity Competition and Information Security: The
Offensive Exercise Design for Cyber Range Concept

Tajul Azhar Mohd Tajul Ariffin1,*, Siti Norul Huda binti Sheikh Abdullah2,
Syearifah Shahidan1, Azreen binti Khamis1

1Department of Information and Communication Technology, Politeknik
Mersing, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

2Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
As the value and merit of red team exercises in both academic and corporate
settings continue to grow, the need to share experiences with staffing, organizing
and supporting the red team becomes increasingly important. This paper
documents the cyber range lab exercise in cyber range lab of Politeknik Mersing
for serial semester. This paper begins by identifying the obligatory skills and
attributes for the red team and a set of process and design for exercise
deployment. The proposed realism method comprises a set of exercises based
on the real case study in the area of cybersecurity. On top of that, we also
construct efficient resources and design used by the red team using experiential
learning approach. We also expand the exercise up to promoting organization
plan among team members that tailored to specific strategic goals and objectives
of the red team. During the event, several important duties of a red team captain
such as examining and cautions, are also emphasized. At the end of the
competition, the style and delivery of the after-action-report can have a
profound effect on the blue teams. Recommendations for red team/blue team
exchanges that can maximize the learning outcome for the students provided.
Finally, this paper provide a summary of the experiences for others seeking to
form and organize a red team either for a competition or an internal educational
event.

Keywords: Cyber security, Information security, Cyber range, Red team

56

GTSD 2019

Sustainable Green Marketing Mix from Neuromarketing
Approach

Aida Azlina Mansor1,2, Salmi Mohd Isa1, Mohammed Faruque Reza3

1Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan,

Malaysia
3Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim,

Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Marketing is the core of a business and the primary goal of marketing is to bring
the products to the target market. Traditional products characteristics such as
product, price, promotion and place are the most important attributes when
consumers consider when making a purchase decision. However, one of the main
reasons of some marketing strategy fail is because the inability to understand the
decision making process that takes place in consumers’ subconscious minds.
Thus, marketers waste most of their budget by attracting only 10% of the brain
that drives consumers’ decisions. For that reason, a suitable method is therefore
essential for marketers to understand the underlying responses when consumers
make decision. Electroencephalograms (EEG) to examine consumers’
subconscious minds towards the main component of the marketing mix during
the decision making process. The results revealed that promotion of the non-
green and green products received more responses in consumers’ subconscious
minds. Thus, neuromarketing is able to confirm, reconfigure, and improve
conventional theories of marketing.

Keywords: Neuromarketing, Green product, Sustainable

57

GTSD 2019

The Influence of Management Control System towards
Sustainable Development: The Co-operatives Experience

Nooraslinda Abdul Aris*, Norashikin Ismail

Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, 42300
Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The co-operatives are social enterprises aiming at fulfilling the members need
and community well-being. Co-operatives in developing countries are considered
as a pillar of the economy is the center of empowerment for the underprivileged
society for future sustainability. Although sustainability has been embraced into
the co-operative identity, little is known about the processes whereby the
management control system (MCS) may contribute to a deeper integration of
sustainability within the co-operatives strategy. This study aims to examine the
association between the MCS items with the sustainability elements among the
co-operatives. Data were collected by a survey questionnaire from a random
sample of performing co-operatives in Malaysia. The analysis revealed that the
control variables namely result, action, personnel and culture significantly
associated with sustainability. This study contributes to both the MCS literature
and practice as well as its influence on sustainable development (SD) especially
within smaller organizations. The findings may have important implications for
the co-operative sector in Malaysia and other developing countries providing an
insight into the association between type of controls and sustainability elements.
It could be suggested that managers of the co-operatives place greater emphasis
on the importance of MCS seeking to improve sector performance and enforce
sustainable development.

Keywords: Management control system, Sustainable development,
sustainability, Co-operative

58

GTSD 2019

Sustainability Reporting to Integrated Reporting: The Role of
Integrated Thinking Towards Sustainable Business Performance

Mira Susanti Amirrudin, Mazni Abdullah, Zakiah Saleh

Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework was introduced in 2013 for better integration of
financial and non-financial information and to improve corporate reporting. The public
listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia was advised to adopt the framework in 2014 given
advancing the reporting quality, especially on sustainability reporting. Although a survey
by PwC at the end of 2014 showed an improvement in term of awareness, the take-up of
the framework by PLCs are considered low as they failed to appreciate the IR added value
to the business. Therefore, there is an urgency to change the mindset of Malaysian
organisations to switch from reporting on historical performances but to use the annual
report as a platform to communicate their stated goals and views on their business
prospects. Integrated Thinking (IT) is a communication tool that supports IR initiatives by
conveying governance and all capitals into a common platform and are unified under the
organisational vision’s and values. This study will identify the relationship between IT
indicators and firm performance based on the data collected from Thomson Reuters
DataStream. Using the data of PLCs listed in First Board Bursa Malaysia findings reveal that
there is a significant relationship between IT indicators and firm performances. Score
onboard function, board attendance, integrated vision and strategy, client loyalty and
environmental, social and governmental information shows a significant relationship with
performance. This study contributes to enhancing the understanding of integrated
thinking in IR; the core principles in the application of IR. This paper shed lights on the
current practices of IT in Malaysia, and studies on the early development of IT in Malaysia
could enlighten other organisation considering IT approach for IR in the future.

Keywords: Integrated thinking, integrated reporting, Firm performance, Public listed
company

59

GTSD 2019

Fostering Low Carbon Strategies for Shah Alam Community

Arnis Asmat1,5, Aniza Osman2, Annie Sazrin Ismail2, Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip3 Ramlan
Zailani4,5, Azlin Mohd Azmi4,5

1School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Planning Department, Shah Alam City Council (MBSA), Level 9 Wisma MBSA, Persiaran
Perbandaran, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor

3Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Melaka), Jasin
Campus, 77300 Merlimau, Jasin, Melaka

4Faculty of Mechanizal Enginnering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia

5Climate Change & Carbon Footprint Research Group, Green Technology & Sustainable
Development (GTSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor

Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in Malaysia
as a response to climate change impacts. Cities can play a key role in the low-carbon
transition, with an increasing number of cities engaging in carbon mitigation actions.
While “green” or “sustainable” design has been gaining momentum in the architectural
and environmental communities, the global focus has broadened. The community are
actively exploring how to achieve their growth targets through a low carbon trajectory or
even through a ‘carbon neutral’ pathway. For instance, a number of these communities
not only promote sustainable building measures, but also educate their inhabitants about
lifestyle choices that can reduce one’s carbon footprint. The realization on fostering the
effectiveness and efficiency of community planning and building design to provide quality
of life in reducing the demand for energy, actively engagement of local authority is
necessary. This paper presents a structured low-carbon strategy which exemplified by the
Shah Alam City Council and explore the priority of promotion strategies for “low carbon”
communities at Shah Alam. As the communities vary in their individualized low carbon
understanding, it has demonstrated common strategies and approaches is vital to
determine the vibrancy of green community for establishing successful results.

Keywords: Sustainable development, Low carbon city, Urban planning, Community, Shah
Alam

60

GTSD 2019

Measuring Building Energy Consumption for Operational Carbon
Assessment at University

Arnis Asmat1,2, Ramlan Zailani2,3, Razali Abdul Hadi4, Azlin Mohd Azmi2,3, Siti Noor Hajjar
Md Latip5, Juliana Johari6, Mohd Fozi Ali3,7

1School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Climate Change & Carbon Footprint Research Group, Green Technology & Sustainable
Development (GTSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor

Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Infrastructure & Infostructure Development, University of Technology MARA (UiTM),

40450 Shah Alam,Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
5Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Melaka), Jasin

Campus, 77300 Merlimau, Jasin, Melaka
6Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
7Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Numerous emission reduction measures have been implemented, and considerable
efforts have been devoted in promoting low-carbon city. As university can be considered
as “small cities” which may have heavy impact on the environment due to their activities,
movement of goods and persons inside campuses. It was observed that high CO2 emission
resulted from electricity energy consumption, and the highest emission in the transport
sector was produced by commuting vehicles while emission from service delivery for
cooling, lighting and other equipment was similar to national average. Thus, the
establishment of low carbon assessment initiatives is a crucial task in determining the
source of carbon contributed in the campus which require robust data set and strategic
approach. The study adopted the City Based Approach where all criteria within the LCCF
framework – urban environment, urban infrastructure, building were considered and later
specifically building energy performance were assessed. This has enables to strategize
carbon footprint reduction towards carbon neutrality.

Keywords: Carbon, Energy, Campus, sustainability, City, Low carbon

61

GTSD 2019

Quantifying Operational Carbon Reduction Impact for
Sustainable Shah Alam City Using Low Carbon City Framework

(LCCF) Performance Assessment

Aniza Osman2, Annie Sazrin Ismail2, Arnis Asmat1,5, Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip3 Ramlan
Zailani4,5, Azlin Mohd Azmi4,5

2Planning Department, Shah Alam City Council (MBSA), Level 9 Wisma MBSA, Persiaran
Perbandaran, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor

1School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

4Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

3Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Melaka), Jasin
Campus, 77300 Merlimau, Jasin, Melaka

5Climate Change & Carbon Footprint Research Group, Green Technology & Sustainable
Development (GTSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul

Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Low Carbon Cities 2030 Challenge was launched to establish low carbon zones in state
capitals and major urban cities. Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF) was designed to
provide guidance for Local Authorities, universities and any other regions on how to
transform their cities into low carbon cities. The LCCF addressing carbon emissions
measure in 4 main areas: Urban Environment, Urban Infrastructure, Urban Transportation
and Buildings to be applied by local authorities and inclusively expands to all universities,
individual buildings and organizations as a partnership understanding within their
authority. The paper presents the reduction of the growth rate of GHG emissions at Shah
Alam city under the Shah Alam City Council and partnerships effort. Three participation
under zones category which include Section 14 as main City Centre, Section 1 (Universiti
Teknologi MARA) and Section 5 (State Administration), meanwhile eight buildings have
measured their emissions baseline and developed a low carbon action plan. This study
provides an insight for Shah Alam City Council initiative to achieve reduction of the growth
rate of GHG emissions for the Shah Alam city.

Keywords: Sustainable Development; carbon emissions; Low Carbon City Framework
(LCCF); Shah Alam City Council

62

GTSD 2019

Solar-Powered Art Sculpture: Stimulation Project to Shah Alam’s
Council and Community

Rafeah Legino1,*

1Faculty of Art and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam 40450, Selangor
Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In other develop country, the solar technology is not new, in fact, its history were extents
from the 7th Century B.C. to now. The evolution of the technology started out based on
concentrating the sun’s heat with glass and mirrors to light fires. Indeed, today, we have
everything from solar-powered buildings to solar powered vehicles. However, as to in line
with the demand and also awareness alternative-eco-energy, this project is partly in line
with the inherent demands of an outdoor sculpture provided the unique challenge of
designing for longevity and also for future sustainable maintenance. This project is to meet
the needs of a growing and changing population and the vision seeks to transform greater
Shah Alam into a metropolis cities. After multiple iterations of design, we were able to
arrive at a solution that is efficient, durable, and modular. It is also a cultural attractor for
Malaysia, an investigation of light as a physical and symbolic source of illumination for life.
It is a place for reflection, relaxation, learning, and play and it is a linear Fresnel reflector
solar power plant that provides heat and electricity for more homes in Selangor. The
project begin with the drawing on studio-practice-research and engagement with the full
range of monocrystalline and multicrystalline PV solar cells for solar module manufacturer
and project developers. The artists and material supplier resolve and show how the
collaboration of sclupture design helps and reimagine distributions of the capacity to
sense the elemental to enviroment. In the process, we reflect on some of the ways in,
which these experiments can inform the shape and orientation of geographical
engagements with an elemental aesthetics. Of course, towards the end the benefit to the
housing supply and choices will increase to meet the growing and changing needs of the
community. The environment and precious resources will be protected. Importantly,
infrastructure will be sequenced to support growth and delivered concurrently with new
homes and jobs.

Keywords: Art; Council; Community; Sculpture; Solar-Powered; Shah Alam

63

GTSD 2019

Keywords: Sustainable Development; carbon emissions; Low Carbon City Framework
(LCCF); Shah Alam City Council

Sponsorship

MNJ Teras Sdn Bhd

64